1921:
1798:
1664:
1544:
2087:
1991:
1873:
2183:
1699:
1603:
353:, where Plastiras resided, for Greece. He was authorize by the general to form, on his behalf, a republican organization with socialist content", and prepare to turn both "against the Occupier" and against a return of the monarchy. After his arrival in Athens on 23 September, Pyromaglou came into contact with Republican circles, and after contacting Zervas took EDES' command. In October, a five-member Executive Committee was founded, with Pyromaglou as General Secretary, representing Plastiras, and Zervas as a member.
1956:
1838:
2256:
58:
1128:
360:, and receiving funds, weapons, and guidance. Under British pressure, in support of the Greek monarchy, Zervas sent a statement of loyalty to King George II in March 1942. This marked a silent breach with the anti-monarchist attacks of the past months, and marked EDES's turn towards a pro-monarchist stance.
673:
launched an attack on EDES. These attacks triggered a civil war that would last until
February 1944. After that, a fragile truce was established, which lasted until December, two months after the Liberation. Then, while the ELAS of Athens attempted to overthrow the government, other units stormed
446:
acts in occupied Europe, greatly boosted the prestige of the nascent
Resistance, it also caused a significant rift between EDES and ELAS: the British loudly proclaimed and lauded Zervas' role in the operation, while ignoring the contribution – numerically far greater – of the leftist ELAS forces.
630:
officer Karl Heinz
Rotfuchs, the agreement remained a secret from the absolute majority of EDES members. It was also kept secret from the British, so that EDES would continue to receive material support from the former. Upon their departure from Epirus, the Germans ensured that leftover materiel
173:
625:
reached a "gentlemen's agreement". Under its terms the two sides were to enter a truce, exchange limited information on ELAS prior to each side's military operations against the communists and enter full on collaboration in case EDES found itself on the brink of collapse. According to
3631:
2273:
938:
379:
against the local population. The expulsion was approved by the Middle East Allied
Command, in a directive to "push out of Greece and into Albania." The state of Albania subsequently accused Greece of having perpetrated, through EDES,
332:
Dictatorship", calling for a thorough cleansing of the state and Greek social and public life from anyone "who has not proven through actions a
National Republican socialist conscience". The charter acknowledged the prominent exiled
458:
and by the summer of 1943 a small armed guerilla group was formed by E. Sevastakis. The
Peloponnesean branch of EDES struggled with finding weapons and ammunition, prompting Zervas to request for a British airdrop of supplies in
341:
as its nominal political head, although, due to his exile in France, they'd failed to obtain his consent beforehand. At that time, yet, no explicit reference to armed opposition against the occupying forces was made in the text.
678:. The latter was defeated and the remaining forces were evacuated to Corfu. After the defeat of the ELAS in Athens (January 1945), EDES forces returned to Epirus, where part of them got involved to the expulsion of the
324:, and general leftist-socialist proclamations. In the aftermath of the four-year right-wing widely rejected in the country, while social ideals for "social fairness" became the vogue among the various resistance groups.
3267:
2521:
616:
Following large scale clashes between ELAS and EDES in
October 1943, Zervas entered into contact with the Germans and began discussing the possibility of collaboration against ELAS. In February 1944, Zervas and
327:
The founding charter of EDES explicitly demanded the "establishment in Greece of a
Republican regime, of Socialist form", the "revelation of the treason of former King George II and the gang of the so-called
2444:
367:, arguing that Greece should be allowed to annex parts of Albania and Bulgaria after the war. In 1944 and 1945, following the retreat of Axis forces and their evacuation of Greece, EDES participated in the
2285:
319:
Like many other resistance movements founded during that time, the political orientation of the
National Republican Greek League was Republican, with a strongly stated opposition towards the exiled king,
1060:
3164:
396:
and tried to establish some form of cooperation. The negotiations failed over the demands of the
Communists for a merger of EDES with EAM and their distrust of Zervas' pro-British attitudes.
3120:
2951:
3154:
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638:
on various occasions accused its rival organizations, and particularly EDES, of collaboration with the occupying Nazi forces. During the armed conflicts between ELAS and EDES in
642:, a propaganda war was launched with ELAS accusing EDES of collaboration, mainly due to gaining plausibility from the explicit exemption of EDES from German propaganda attacks.
3217:
3212:
3132:
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392:
Like most similar groups, EDES was initially limited to Athens. Having the support of many prominent Venizelist and Republican military figures, EDES came into contact with
2416:
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by attacking Cham villages and murdering civilians. The issue of the Cham minority remains open from the Albanian side, after the communist regime fell.
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2966:
404:
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3207:
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A short-lived attempt to coopt EDES forces, and use them against ELAS partisans, also failed, and by July 1944, EDES was attacking the Germans again.
3307:
2911:
17:
2931:
1433:
1373:
2187:
2501:
846:
Barjaba, Kosta; King, Russell (2005). "The New Albanian Migration". In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.).
649:, initially a political leader of EDES in Athens, won the peculiar enmity of the organization because he supported the collaborationist
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2754:
2496:
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3192:
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2690:
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454:, before ELAS establishes full control of the region. A branch of the National Groups of Greek Guerrillas (ΕΟΕΑ) was then founded in
399:
On 23 July 1942, after intense British pressure and more than a month after the official appearance of the military wing of EAM, the
372:
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2961:
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1909:
1417:
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778:
Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII]
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1968:
1104:
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1022:
1001:
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These internal conflicts caused rivalry between resistance groups and eventually escalated into civil war. In October 1943,
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3144:
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156:
313:
3139:
1410:
273:
152:
993:
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On 24 February 1943, Zervas addressed his friend Antonis Petsakis in a letter, urging him to create a branch of EDES in
2766:
1166:
393:
289:
225:
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Supported by British parachute drops, EDES quickly gathered some 100 fighters. The first major operation of EDES was "
3947:
3785:
3548:
2854:
2023:
1315:
1292:
1267:
1242:
1219:
740:
Tsoutsoumpis, Spyridon (2021). "The Lords of War: violence, governance and nation-building in north-western Greece".
670:
658:
635:
627:
546:
539:
400:
3952:
3927:
3169:
2421:
2018:
1585:
463:. The airdrop did not materialize and Sevastakis' group disbanded in late July, numbering some 70 men at the time.
164:
3932:
2528:
2143:
1446:
618:
3541:
3527:
3159:
3127:
2844:
2640:
2542:
1938:
1933:
1686:
1676:
867:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece. The grounds for the expulsion of a "non-existent" minority community"
209:
160:
148:
3824:
3355:
2946:
2131:
653:
and encouraged young officers to join their ranks, which led to hostility of the EAM groups towards him. The
3872:
3534:
3271:
2875:
2656:
2564:
2454:
2260:
2003:
1773:
439:
183:
109:
447:
While the rift was healed by British mediation, it presaged the problems that would appear in the future.
3879:
3844:
3421:
3253:
2956:
2511:
1482:
368:
201:
2158:
3800:
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3555:
3522:
3517:
2411:
1758:
1625:
1332:
304:
The National Republican Greek League was founded on 9 September 1941 by a former army officer, Colonel
495:
20–22 December: Battle against Italian forces at Ano Kalentini - Xirokampos - Velentziko - Koufalo of
3416:
3399:
3387:
2865:
2839:
2834:
2054:
1734:
1497:
262:
187:
1397:
3866:
3621:
3482:
2635:
1978:
1973:
1768:
1517:
1384:
3492:
3487:
3441:
3436:
3317:
3007:
2488:
2241:
2236:
1960:
1842:
1820:
1576:
1566:
1507:
657:
of Nazi Germany attempted for a short time to coopt the EDES forces, and to use them against the
2723:
2609:
2604:
2391:
2387:
2224:
1186:
356:
As the organization grew, it succeeded in establishing links with the British Headquarters in
3790:
3675:
3658:
3565:
3426:
3084:
2936:
2718:
2449:
2312:
1850:
1763:
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851:
654:
3838:
3701:
3560:
3312:
3297:
2559:
2322:
1825:
1571:
1512:
2099:
8:
3852:
3696:
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3054:
3012:
3002:
2818:
2661:
2625:
2599:
2574:
2426:
2401:
2367:
2362:
2332:
1943:
1810:
1681:
650:
442:
commandos, and EDES and ELAS forces. While the successful operation, one of the greatest
346:
321:
213:
205:
78:
3643:
3497:
3477:
3099:
3074:
3059:
2671:
2594:
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2352:
2342:
2337:
2317:
2214:
1815:
1561:
1522:
1391:
1367:
757:
403:(ELAS), Zervas, accompanied by Pyromaglou and a handful of companions, set out for the
338:
197:
1285:
National Resistance Archives, 1941–1944. 4th Volume "EOEA-EDES Partisan Organizations"
1260:
National Resistance Archives, 1941–1944. 1st Volume "EOEA-EDES Partisan Organizations"
508:
20 May: Victorious battle against Italians and Cham Albanians at Agia Kyriaki village.
3817:
3775:
3716:
3668:
3648:
3451:
3348:
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3338:
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2008:
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1753:
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1615:
1607:
1602:
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1502:
1477:
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874:
749:
376:
258:
1360:
Apple of Discord: A Survey of Recent Greek Politics in their International Setting
753:
3706:
3653:
3606:
3593:
3302:
3079:
3069:
3064:
3039:
2941:
2584:
2372:
2109:
1778:
1590:
1556:
1280:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941–1944. Τόμος 2ος "Αντάρτικες Οργανώσεις ΕΟΕΑ-ΕΔΕΣ"
1278:
1255:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941–1944. Τόμος 1ος "Αντάρτικες Οργανώσεις ΕΟΕΑ-ΕΔΕΣ"
1253:
1156:
1152:
776:
532:
16,19 September: Battles against Germans and Cham Albanians at Skala Paramythias.
515:
420:
305:
293:
281:
98:
74:
62:
27:
Greek resistance movement against its occupation by Germany and Italy during WWII
2976:
2154:
2906:
2793:
2579:
2569:
2195:
2163:
2126:
1955:
1837:
1620:
679:
416:
238:
179:
130:
1096:
The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945-1949
994:
The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945–1949
965:
387:
3911:
3711:
3691:
3149:
2683:
1890:
1855:
1635:
1402:
1387:
888:
866:
118:
3140:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
3859:
3446:
2292:
2210:
2205:
2119:
2091:
2086:
2013:
1995:
1990:
1895:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1640:
1630:
871:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
496:
482:
435:
272:
The largest of the non-communist resistance groups, its military wing, the
266:
661:, but this attempt failed and in July 1944 the EDES launched new attacks.
3663:
3287:
2700:
2138:
622:
597:
567:
451:
364:
65:(2nd from left) with fellow EDES officers Fotios Zambaras (1st from left)
2695:
1340:
584:
30 Juny: Victorious battle against Germans and Cham Albanians at Menina.
217:
2506:
2170:
1235:
Crown and Swastika: Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance, Vol. 2
1212:
Crown and Swastika: Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance, Vol. 1
574:
553:
334:
309:
126:
122:
1231:Στέμμα και Σβάστικα: Η Ελλάδα της Κατοχής και της Αντίστασης, Τόμος Β'
1208:Στέμμα και Σβάστικα: Η Ελλάδα της Κατοχής και της Αντίστασης, Τόμος Α'
879:
526:
381:
285:
2461:
2255:
803:
601:
443:
1328:
The Greek Civil War in the Aegialia and Kalavryta Area (1946–1949)
57:
3759:
552:
November–December: Battles against Germans and Cham Albanians at
522:
1276:
1251:
2881:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
2678:
2327:
1920:
1797:
1663:
1543:
974:] (Documentary) (in Greek). Cine-Video. 106-110 minutes in
675:
639:
460:
455:
292:, beginning a series of civil conflicts that would lead to the
1306:
Inside Hitler's Greece – The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44
514:
6 July: Victorious battle against Italian alpinists at Milia,
316:, and two companions, Leonidas Spais and Ilias Stamatopoulos.
578:
357:
2849:
477:
23 October - 24 November: Battle against Italian forces at
388:
Beginnings of armed resistance – The Gorgopotamos operation
350:
284:. From 1943 onwards, EDES came into confrontation with the
1385:
German Antiguerrilla Operations in The Balkans (1941–1944)
3796:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
3591:
535:
30 September: Attack against German forces at Xirovouni.
3398:
1191:. Vol. 6. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 182.
804:"The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923 - 1945)"
742:
European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire
664:
1158:
Hitler's Soldiers: The German Army in the Third Reich
593:
14 September: Battle of Dodona-Liberation of Lefkada.
312:
who had been expelled from the army after the failed
423:
would be the primary area of operations of the EDES
3604:
1062:
Occupation and resistance: the Greek agony, 1941-44
511:
22 June : Destruction of Spiliopotamos bridge.
2886:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
1303:
1287:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
1262:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
611:
2862:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
521:8–20 September: Battles against German forces at
419:. From then and until the end of the Occupation,
3909:
2891:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
2631:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
2053:
631:would reach the hands of EDES rather than ELAS.
280:(ΕΟΕΑ)) concentrated its military activities in
2871:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
549:, mainly against the EDES forces) at Tzoumerka.
2749:
1445:
1432:
699:
697:
695:
373:collaborationist actions during the Occupation
3386:
1418:
848:Introducing the Theorising Albanian Migration
1301:
739:
607:7–15 October: Battles against German forces.
349:, a friend and assistant of Plastiras, left
3145:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
1120:
1086:
1052:
939:"Η μάχη της Νεράιδας, 30–31 Οκτωβρίου 1943"
845:
706:
692:
40:
1425:
1411:
1372:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1277:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
1252:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
1099:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 38.
864:
299:
243:Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος (
3339:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3198:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3121:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
1354:
1228:
1205:
878:
369:expulsion of the Cham Albanians community
251:Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos
48:Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos
1310:. United States: Yale University Press.
1151:
1033:
1031:
1013:Ian Dear, Michael Richard Daniell Foot.
375:, which included atrocities and acts of
42:Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος
3170:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
3116:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
1324:
1126:
1092:
1058:
14:
3910:
1237:] (in Greek). Athens: Papazissis.
1214:] (in Greek). Athens: Papazissis.
1184:
590:17–18 August: Conquest of Fort Menina.
3888:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
3741:
3590:
3385:
3128:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
2855:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
2850:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
2748:
2052:
1444:
1406:
1161:. Yale University Press. p. 89.
1133:. J.B. Lippincott Company. p. 87
1028:
801:
3160:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
2932:Protests against labour mobilization
1130:The Greek dilemma: war and aftermath
1015:The Oxford companion to World War II
839:
795:
545:(with the eventual participation of
438:viaduct by a joint force of British
3349:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
1039:The origins of the Greek civil war
996:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999
665:The civil war within the Resistance
587:11 August: Liberation of Margariti.
570:against Germans and Cham Albanians.
274:National Groups of Greek Guerrillas
24:
808:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
768:
466:
411:, an area with long traditions of
276:(Εθνικές Ομάδες Ελλήνων Ανταρτών,
25:
3964:
3742:
2845:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
1059:Hondros, John Louis (June 1983).
481:and at wider mountainous area of
3943:1944 disestablishments in Greece
3918:National Republican Greek League
2254:
2181:
2085:
1989:
1954:
1919:
1871:
1836:
1796:
1697:
1662:
1601:
1542:
1447:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1017:. Oxford University Press, 2001
490:Operation Harling (Gorgopotamos)
278:Ethnikés Omádes Ellínon Antartón
235:National Republican Greek League
56:
35:National Republican Greek League
18:National Republican Greek League
2840:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
2835:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2529:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
1356:Woodhouse, Christopher Montague
1178:
1145:
1127:McNeill, William Hardy (1947).
1007:
986:
964:Lamprinos, Fotis (dir) (1981).
957:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
858:
781:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag.
612:Accusations of collaborationism
2641:Greek National Socialist Party
2636:National Union of Greece (EEE)
1939:Central Macedonia Army Section
1934:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
1687:Western Macedonia Army Section
1065:. Pella Pub. Co. p. 171.
972:Aris Velouchiotis: The Dilemma
826:
733:
724:
715:
636:Greek People's Liberation Army
538:30–31 October: Battle against
401:Greek People's Liberation Army
13:
1:
3938:1941 establishments in Greece
3356:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
775:Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008).
754:10.1080/13507486.2020.1803218
721:Fleischer (1990), pp. 154–155
685:
3923:Anti-communist organizations
3218:Execution of Josef Salminger
2055:Occupation and collaboration
1325:Stouras, Panagiotis (2016).
1093:Shrader, Charles R. (1999).
967:Άρης Βελουχιώτης: Το Δίλημμα
865:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011).
596:22 September: Liberation of
7:
3592:Liberation and road to the
3254:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2512:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
2363:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
945:(in Greek). 31 October 2015
850:. Brighton & Portland:
363:The organization supported
210:Collaborationist government
10:
3969:
3825:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
3781:Holocaust Museum of Greece
2417:Larissa concentration camp
2412:Haidari concentration camp
1626:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1434:Greece during World War II
1381:Center of Military History
1333:University of Johannesburg
1229:Fleischer, Hagen (1995).
1206:Fleischer, Hagen (1990).
1199:
802:Manta, Eleftheria (2009).
774:
434:", the destruction of the
3809:
3786:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
3768:
3752:
3748:
3737:
3684:
3614:
3600:
3586:
3506:
3460:
3409:
3394:
3388:Greek government-in-exile
3381:
3326:
3280:
3266:
3246:
3185:
3108:
3032:
3025:
2998:5/42 Regiment dissolution
2985:
2899:
2827:
2776:
2765:
2761:
2744:
2711:
2649:
2618:
2552:
2541:
2522:Expropriation of property
2497:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2487:
2435:
2305:
2252:
2179:
2083:
2074:
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2048:
1987:
1952:
1917:
1908:
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1834:
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1733:
1695:
1660:
1653:
1599:
1540:
1533:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1331:(PhD thesis) (in Greek).
290:National Liberation Front
263:Axis occupation of Greece
257:)) was a major anti-Nazi
242:
193:
188:Greek government in exile
144:
136:
108:
94:
84:
70:
55:
41:
34:
3948:Anti-communism in Greece
3867:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
3622:National Bands Agreement
3483:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
3268:British Military Mission
2876:National Solidarity (EA)
2445:Greek economy, 1941–1944
2159:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
1974:2nd New Zealand Division
1518:Italian spring offensive
1230:
1207:
1185:Kretsi, Georgia (2002).
919:Fleischer (1990), p. 247
910:Fleischer (1990), p. 241
901:Fleischer (1990), p. 238
730:Fleischer (1990), p. 388
712:Fleischer (1990), p. 154
703:Fleischer (1990), p. 150
261:group formed during the
140:ca.12,000 (October 1944)
3953:1940s in Greek politics
3928:Republicanism in Greece
3801:Thessaloniki War Museum
3493:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3488:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
3318:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
1979:6th Australian Division
1821:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1567:Charalambos Katsimitros
573:29 Juny: Liberation of
415:stretching back to the
300:Foundation and ideology
169:Organization Bouboulina
3933:Epirus in World War II
2977:Killing of Franz Krech
2724:Executions of Kokkinia
2610:Dionysios Papadongonas
2605:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
2019:1st Parachute Division
1738:(April–May 1941)
1586:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
674:the EDES positions in
371:, on account of their
3702:Archbishop Damaskinos
3659:Percentages agreement
3085:Konstantinos Ventiris
2472:Occupation Reichsmark
2024:5th Mountain Division
1851:Henry Maitland Wilson
1677:8th Infantry Division
1302:Mark Mazower (2001).
928:Stouras (2016), p. 94
852:Sussex Academic Press
628:1st Mountain Division
3874:The Guns of Navarone
3839:Ill Met by Moonlight
3518:3rd Mountain Brigade
3313:George Psychoundakis
3298:Patrick Leigh Fermor
2962:Pinerolo disarmament
2560:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1969:1st Armoured Brigade
1961:British Commonwealth
1843:British Commonwealth
1826:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1572:Konstantinos Davakis
1398:The Statutes of EDES
1188:Ethnologia Balkanica
992:Charles R. Shrader.
3853:Ipolochagos Natassa
3697:Georgios Papandreou
3473:Emmanouil Tsouderos
3344:Operation "Animals"
3334:Operation "Albumen"
3055:Komninos Pyromaglou
3013:Red Terror (Greece)
2957:1943 Athens protest
2922:Gorgopotamos Bridge
2819:Evripidis Bakirtzis
2767:National Liberation
2662:Alcibiades Diamandi
2626:Security Battalions
2600:George S. Mercouris
2575:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2517:Baron Hirsch ghetto
2144:XXII Mountain Corps
1944:Epirus Army Section
1682:Epirus Army Section
834:Paramythia_incident
651:Security Battalions
645:On the other hand,
619:XXII Mountain Corps
566:30 March Battle in
347:Komninos Pyromaglou
314:coup d'état of 1935
214:Security Battalions
206:Kingdom of Bulgaria
95:Active regions
79:Komninos Pyromaglou
3791:Kalpaki War Museum
3644:Lebanon Conference
3510:in the Middle East
3508:Greek Armed Forces
3498:Pafsanias Katsotas
3478:Sofoklis Venizelos
3165:Hellenic Army (ES)
3100:Kimonas Zografakis
3075:Vasileios Sachinis
3060:Antonis Fosteridis
3026:Non-EAM resistance
2691:Cham collaboration
2672:Vassilis Rapotikas
2595:Nikolaos Bourantas
2590:Friedrich Schubert
2565:K. Logothetopoulos
2215:Carlo Vecchiarelli
1816:Alexandros Papagos
1562:Alexandros Papagos
1392:United States Army
1335:. pp. 1–513.
873:(in French) (12).
339:Nikolaos Plastiras
198:Royal Italian Army
86:Dates of operation
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3818:Aera! Aera! Aera!
3776:Athens War Museum
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3717:Nikos Zachariadis
3669:Treaty of Varkiza
3654:Operation "Manna"
3649:Caserta Agreement
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3437:April 1944 mutiny
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3303:Bill Stanley Moss
3262:
3261:
3213:Skala Paramythias
3090:Manolis Paterakis
3050:Dimitrios Psarros
3045:Georgios Kartalis
3021:
3020:
2993:Feneos executions
2804:Alexandros Svolos
2784:Aris Velouchiotis
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2667:Nicolaos Matussis
2537:
2536:
2422:200 of Kaisariani
2301:
2300:
2132:LXVIII Army Corps
2105:Hermann Neubacher
2100:Günther Altenburg
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2009:XXXX Panzer Corps
1904:
1903:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1649:
1648:
1462:(1940–1941)
1459:Greco-Italian War
1106:978-0-275-96544-0
1072:978-0-918618-24-5
1047:978-0-582-06472-0
1041:. Longman, 1995,
1023:978-0-19-860446-4
1002:978-0-275-96544-0
880:10.4000/ejts.4444
788:978-3-86153-447-1
647:Stylianos Gonatas
485:, during 22 days.
432:Operation Harling
413:guerrilla warfare
409:Aetolia-Acarnania
345:On the same day,
231:
230:
115:Greek nationalism
103:Aetolia-Acarnania
16:(Redirected from
3960:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3635:
3612:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3588:
3587:
3407:
3406:
3400:Greek government
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3361:Damasta sabotage
3278:
3277:
3030:
3029:
2866:National Council
2814:Markos Vafeiadis
2809:Ilias Tsirimokos
2799:Georgios Siantos
2789:Stefanos Sarafis
2774:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2746:
2745:
2550:
2549:
2543:Collaborationist
2480:
2289:
2277:
2259:
2258:
2233:
2201:Pellegrino Ghigi
2186:
2185:
2151:Alexander Andrae
2090:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2004:XVIII Army Corps
1994:
1993:
1959:
1958:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1876:
1875:
1861:Bernard Freyberg
1841:
1840:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1754:Operation Lustre
1744:
1743:
1739:
1702:
1701:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1616:Benito Mussolini
1606:
1605:
1581:Ioannis Pitsikas
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1321:
1309:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1225:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1153:Shepherd, Ben H.
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1056:
1050:
1037:David H. Close.
1035:
1026:
1011:
1005:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
943:Ελληνικά Χρονικά
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
892:
882:
862:
856:
855:
843:
837:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
799:
793:
792:
772:
766:
765:
737:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
405:Valtos Mountains
377:ethnic cleansing
248:
177:
87:
60:
51:
50:
45:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3893:
3810:Popular culture
3805:
3764:
3744:
3721:
3707:Georgios Grivas
3680:
3629:
3627:Plaka agreement
3596:
3570:
3509:
3502:
3456:
3401:
3390:
3365:
3322:
3293:Monty Woodhouse
3258:
3242:
3181:
3104:
3080:Lela Karagianni
3070:Ilias Degiannis
3065:Kostas Perrikos
3040:Napoleon Zervas
3017:
2981:
2952:Kournovo Tunnel
2895:
2823:
2768:
2757:
2728:
2707:
2645:
2614:
2585:Georgios Poulos
2544:
2533:
2483:
2474:
2467:Compulsory loan
2437:
2431:
2297:
2283:
2281:Trifon Trifonov
2271:
2253:
2248:
2237:VIII Army Corps
2227:
2180:
2175:
2110:Walter Schimana
2084:
2076:
2067:
2057:
2028:
1988:
1983:
1953:
1948:
1918:
1900:
1870:
1865:
1835:
1830:
1795:
1783:
1737:
1736:
1735:German invasion
1721:
1696:
1691:
1661:
1645:
1600:
1595:
1591:Georgios Kosmas
1557:Ioannis Metaxas
1541:
1529:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1436:
1431:
1365:
1364:
1345:
1343:
1318:
1295:
1270:
1245:
1232:
1222:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1057:
1053:
1036:
1029:
1012:
1008:
991:
987:
977:
975:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
937:
936:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
909:
905:
900:
896:
863:
859:
844:
840:
831:
827:
817:
815:
800:
796:
789:
773:
769:
738:
734:
729:
725:
720:
716:
711:
707:
702:
693:
688:
667:
614:
469:
467:List of battles
390:
306:Napoleon Zervas
302:
294:Greek Civil War
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
186:
182:
178:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
129:
125:
121:
117:
101:
85:
77:
75:Napoleon Zervas
66:
63:Napoleon Zervas
46:
39:
38:
37:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3609:
3598:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3566:336th Squadron
3563:
3561:335th Squadron
3558:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3529:Vasilissa Olga
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:King George II
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3410:Events/Battles
3404:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:Themis Marinos
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3095:Petrakogiorgis
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Drama uprising
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Andreas Tzimas
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:Georgios Bakos
2577:
2572:
2570:Ioannis Rallis
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2278:
2265:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2225:III Army Corps
2222:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Angelico Carta
2192:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2164:Fortress Crete
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2127:Hellmuth Felmy
2124:
2123:
2122:
2115:Alexander Löhr
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:King George II
1807:
1805:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Kleisoura Pass
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1621:Galeazzo Ciano
1618:
1612:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1378:
1352:
1322:
1316:
1299:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1249:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1177:
1168:978-0300219524
1167:
1144:
1119:
1105:
1085:
1071:
1051:
1027:
1006:
985:
956:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
857:
838:
825:
794:
787:
767:
732:
723:
714:
705:
690:
689:
687:
684:
680:Cham Albanians
666:
663:
634:The left wing
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
571:
558:
557:
550:
536:
533:
530:
519:
512:
509:
500:
499:
493:
486:
468:
465:
417:Ottoman period
389:
386:
301:
298:
229:
228:
222:Balli Kombëtar
195:
191:
190:
180:Organization X
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
131:Anti-communism
112:
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
88:
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3965:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
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3743:Commemoration
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3712:Angelos Evert
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3692:Ronald Scobie
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3556:13th Squadron
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3153:
3151:
3150:Prometheus II
3148:
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3141:
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3134:
3133:5/42 Regiment
3131:
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3109:Organizations
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2684:Andon Kalchev
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2489:The Holocaust
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2020:
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2015:
2012:
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1891:Sepp Dietrich
1889:
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1856:Thomas Blamey
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1636:Ugo Cavallero
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1577:Markos Drakos
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1488:Korytsa/Korcë
1486:
1484:
1483:Elaia–Kalamas
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1388:Washington DC
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1317:0-300-08923-6
1313:
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1300:
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1294:960-7897-30-7
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1269:960-7897-29-3
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1244:960-02-1079-9
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1221:960-02-0764-X
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488:25 November:
487:
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448:
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343:
340:
336:
331:
330:4th of August
325:
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307:
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287:
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279:
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175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:Republicanism
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
33:
30:
19:
3886:
3873:
3865:
3860:Mediterraneo
3858:
3851:
3837:
3823:
3816:
3676:White Terror
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3203:Agia Kyriaki
3193:ESPO bombing
3175:
3115:
2947:Sarantaporos
2917:Mikro Chorio
2657:Roman Legion
2502:Thessaloniki
2450:Great Famine
2438:exploitation
2293:Asen Sirakov
2211:Carlo Geloso
2206:Piero Parini
2155:Bruno Bräuer
2120:Army Group E
2014:Luftflotte 4
1896:Kurt Student
1886:Wilhelm List
1759:Metaxas Line
1641:Carlo Geloso
1631:Ubaldo Soddu
1508:Klisura Pass
1359:
1344:. Retrieved
1341:10210/227069
1327:
1305:
1284:
1279:
1259:
1254:
1234:
1211:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1129:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1095:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1061:
1054:
1009:
988:
976:. Retrieved
971:
966:
959:
947:. Retrieved
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
870:
860:
847:
841:
828:
816:. Retrieved
811:
807:
797:
777:
770:
748:(1): 50–73.
745:
741:
735:
726:
717:
708:
668:
644:
633:
615:
560:
559:
540:
502:
501:
471:
470:
449:
436:Gorgopotamos
429:
424:
398:
391:
362:
355:
344:
329:
326:
318:
303:
277:
271:
267:World War II
254:
250:
244:
234:
232:
47:
29:
3664:Dekemvriana
3630: [
3605:Prelude to
3550:Papanikolis
3523:Sacred Band
3427:Wadi Akarit
3417:Mareth Line
3288:Eddie Myers
2937:Fardykambos
2769:Front (EAM)
2755:Free Greece
2701:Xhemil Dino
2475: [
2388:Kallikratis
2284: [
2272: [
2269:Ivan Markov
2228: [
2139:Hubert Lanz
2075:Leaders and
1774:Thermopylae
1498:Morava–Ivan
1346:18 November
978:10 December
623:Hubert Lanz
598:Igoumenitsa
568:Thesprotiko
525:, Pramada,
479:Skoulikaria
452:Peloponnese
365:irredentism
202:German Army
172: [
3912:Categories
3639:Red Terror
3432:Dodecanese
3422:El Alamein
3327:Operations
3247:Atrocities
3186:Operations
2986:Atrocities
2972:Agorelitsa
2900:Operations
2751:Resistance
2719:Paramythia
2712:Atrocities
2545:government
2507:Zvi Koretz
2427:Chortiatis
2392:Kali Sykia
2306:Atrocities
2242:XXVI Corps
2171:Max Merten
1513:Trebeshina
1137:16 October
1112:16 October
1078:16 October
818:19 January
686:References
621:commander
575:Paramythia
554:Thesprotia
382:war crimes
335:Venizelist
310:Venizelist
259:resistance
127:Venizelism
123:Liberalism
3607:Civil War
3594:civil war
3452:Santorini
3223:Xirovouni
3176:others...
3003:Meligalas
2407:Kleisoura
2368:Mesovouno
2353:Domenikon
2343:Lingiades
2338:Kalavryta
2323:Alikianos
2313:Kondomari
2220:11th Army
2066:Occupying
1717:11th Army
1368:cite book
1362:. London.
889:1773-0546
762:225206762
655:12th Army
541:Edelweiss
527:Kalarites
322:George II
286:communist
194:Opponents
90:1941–1944
3543:Katsonis
3402:in exile
2696:Këshilla
2462:DEGRIGES
2436:Economic
2318:Kandanos
2261:Bulgaria
2077:commands
1712:9th Army
1523:Hill 731
1358:(1948).
1155:(2016).
1049:, p. 106
1025:, p. 403
1004:. p. 34.
602:Filiates
543:Division
444:sabotage
425:andartes
337:general
226:EAM/ELAS
218:Këshilla
110:Ideology
3769:Museums
3760:Ohi Day
3270: (
3228:Trahili
2927:Meritsa
2397:Anogeia
2383:Viannos
2378:Vorizia
2358:Drakeia
2348:Distomo
2333:Kommeno
2092:Germany
1996:Germany
1878:Germany
1788:Leaders
1747:Battles
1534:Leaders
1493:Saranda
1471:Battles
1200:Sources
949:1 April
523:Metsovo
265:during
71:Leaders
3753:Events
3685:People
3615:Events
3536:Adrias
3461:People
3442:Rimini
3281:People
3238:Dodona
3233:Menina
3155:Apollo
3033:People
3008:Kilkis
2967:Steiri
2777:People
2679:Ohrana
2553:People
2402:Kedros
2373:Pyrgoi
2328:Doxato
2068:powers
1926:Greece
1803:Greece
1669:Greece
1549:Greece
1503:Himara
1478:Pindus
1314:
1291:
1266:
1241:
1218:
1165:
1103:
1069:
1045:
1021:
1000:
887:
785:
760:
676:Epirus
640:Athens
516:Epirus
461:Achaea
456:Patras
421:Epirus
282:Epirus
145:Allies
99:Epirus
3634:]
3208:Milia
2942:Porta
2479:]
2288:]
2276:]
2232:]
2188:Italy
1910:Units
1779:Crete
1704:Italy
1654:Units
1608:Italy
1283:[
1258:[
1233:[
1210:[
970:[
758:S2CID
579:Parga
358:Cairo
288:-led
239:Greek
176:]
3880:film
3845:film
3831:film
3447:Symi
2912:Ryka
2864:and
2753:and
2455:GWRA
2390:and
2213:and
2157:and
1764:Vevi
1579:and
1374:link
1348:2020
1312:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1139:2010
1114:2010
1101:ISBN
1080:2010
1067:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1019:ISBN
998:ISBN
980:2021
951:2018
885:ISSN
832:See
820:2024
814:(29)
783:ISBN
671:ELAS
659:ELAS
600:and
577:and
561:1944
547:ELAS
503:1943
497:Arta
483:Arta
472:1942
351:Nice
308:, a
255:EDES
245:ΕΔΕΣ
233:The
165:MAVI
157:PEAN
149:EKKA
137:Size
3272:SOE
1337:hdl
875:doi
750:doi
440:SOE
407:in
394:EAM
184:SOE
161:EOK
153:PAO
3914::
3632:el
2477:el
2286:bg
2274:bg
2230:it
2153:,
1390::
1383:,
1370:}}
1366:{{
1171:.
1030:^
941:.
883:.
869:.
810:.
806:.
756:.
746:28
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