National People's Congress

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on the plan for national economic and social development and on its implementation, the national budget, and other matters. The Basic Laws of both the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region, and the laws creating Hainan Province and Chongqing Municipality and the building of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were all passed by the NPC in plenary session, legislation passed by the Standing Committee when it is in recess carry the same weight as those of the whole of the Congress. In performing these responsibilities either as a whole chamber or by its Standing Committee, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the People's Republic in acting on these issues in aid of legislation.

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legislative power, and Chinese courts do not have the authority to determine constitutionality of legislation or administrative measures. Challenges to constitutionality have therefore become the responsibility of the National People's Congress which has a recording and review mechanism for constitutional issues. The NPC has created a set of institutions which monitor local administrative measures for constitutionality. Typically, the Legislative Affairs Committee will review legislation for constitutionality and then inform the enacting agencies of its findings, and rely on the enacting agency to reverse its decision. Although the NPC has the legal authority to annul unconstitutional legislation by a local government, it has never used that power.

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following the approval by the NPCSC, the amendments will be presented during the plenary session to all of the deputies for a final vote on the matter. If a fifth or more of the CCP party faction deputies will propose amendments either on their own or with the other parties in plenary session, the same process is applied. In contrast to ordinary legislation, in which the Legislation Law largely directs the process, the process for constitutional revision is largely described by CCP documents.

12211: 2808: 5523:) had a combined wealth of $ 650 billion. This was up from a combined wealth of $ 500 billion for the wealthiest 209 delegates in 2017, when (according to state media) 20% of delegates were private entrepreneurs. In 2013, 90 delegates were among the richest 1000 Chinese, each having a net worth of at least 1.8 billion yuan ($ 289.4 million). This richest 3% of delegates' average net worth was $ 1.1 billion (compared to an average net worth of $ 271 million for the richest 3% in the 435: 12199: 11163: 682: 11173: 12223: 5503:"approximately 12%" of all seats for the next NPC, a practice followed by all subsequent NPC meetings. Per the Election Law, the NPCSC is authorized to allocate the quota seats to each provincial delegation based on the "population and distribution". The law also requires that each of China's 55 official ethnic minorities have at least one elected deputy to Congress. 4891:. If the candidates in question are nominated for a top-level position, in a special plenary session the Central Committee also endorses the nominees just before the NPC session for election by the Congress. Before the plenum ends, the CCP customarily holds a "democratic consultative meeting", formally informing non-CCP organizations, such as the 5705:

into a yearly agenda which outlines the work of the NPC in a particular year. This is followed by consultation by experts and approving in principle by the CCP. Afterwards, the legislation undergoes three readings and public consultation. The final approval is done in a plenary session in which by convention the vote is near unanimous.

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history. Moreover, in 2015, the NPC refused to pass a package of bills proposed by the State Council, insisting that each bill require a separate vote and revision process. The time for legislation can be as short as six months, or as long as 15 years for controversial legislation such as the Anti-Monopoly Law.

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normal election, the process of selecting the nominees generally entails repeated discussions between Party leaders, multiple rounds of discussions with CCP members in high-ranking positions and with major non-Party organizations, as well as anti-corruption and political review of the potential candidates.

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The Election Law requires the composition of NPC delegates to be "broadly representative". Since the beginning of the reform and opening up era in 1978, the each NPC at their last session have released a "decision on the quotas and elections" for the next NPC, allocating a certain number of seats for

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Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay. Delegates to the National People's Congress are allowed to hold seats in other bodies of government simultaneously and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics. However, membership of

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The NPC had never rejected a government bill until 1986, during the Bankruptcy Law proceedings, wherein a revised bill was passed in the same session. An outright rejection without a revised version being passed occurred in 2000 when a Highway Law was rejected, the first occurrence in sixty years of

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As the NPC only meets annually, the NPCSC effectively functions as the national legislature of China for most of the year. It is granted with nearly all the lawmaking powers as the NPC itself, though it lacks the powers to amend the constitution and to appoint or remove national-level personnel. The

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Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay, with deputies spending around 49 weeks per year at their home provinces. NPC members may be elected to represent a province that they do not live in. Delegates have the legal right to make speeches in the full chamber of the Great

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Full Central Committee endorsement for lower-level positions, such as regular NPCSC members, the State Council Secretary-General and departmental heads, and all members of the Special Committees and their committee chairpersons, is also expected. During the NPC session, the official in the Presidium

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The CCP leadership plays a large role in the approval of constitutional amendments. In contrast to ordinary legislation, which the CCP leadership approves the legislation in principle, and in which the legislation is then introduced by government ministers or individual NPC delegates, constitutional

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The NPC has the sole power to amend the Constitution. Amendments to the Constitution must be proposed by the NPC Standing Committee or one-fifth or more of the NPC deputies. In order for the Amendments to become effective, they must be passed by a two-thirds majority vote of all deputies. The NPC is

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The NPC's other legislative work is creating legislation on, examining, and reviewing major national issues of concern presented to the Congress by either the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, or its own deputies either of the NPCSC or its committees. These include legislation on the report

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The NPC's has the sole power to "enact and amend basic criminal and civil laws, basic laws governing the State organs, and other basic laws". To do this, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the People's Republic in regards to its legislative activities. When the congress is

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In theory, the NPC makes laws, elects China's president and vice president (and can remove them), confirms nominations for premiership and ministerial positions, and can amend the Chinese Constitution. In practice, it does none of these things...he reality is that power, policy, and the law are in

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The legislative process of the NPCSC works according to a five-year work plan drafted by the Legislative Affairs Commission. Within the work plan, a specific piece of legislative is drafted by a group of legislators or administrative agencies within the State Council, these proposals are collected

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and a Secretary-General for the session is elected. The Presidium presides over the NPC plenary meetings, determining its daily schedule, decides whether to list a delegate's bill on the agenda, hear delegate deliberation reports and decides whether to put an item to vote, nominates the candidates

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A 150-seat quota for ethnic minorities was enacted in China's first election law in 1953. The 1982 constitution mandates that every ethnic minority should have "an appropriate number of delegates". The 5th NPC abandoned an explicit quota for ethnic minorities, substituting it with an allocation of

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In practice, although the final votes on laws of the NPC often return a high affirmative vote, a great deal of legislative activity occurs in determining the content of the legislation to be voted on. A major bill such as the Securities Law can take years to draft, and a bill sometimes will not be

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The primary role of the CCP in the legislative process largely is exercised during the proposal and drafting of any legislation. Before the NPC considers legislation, there are working groups which study the proposed topic, and CCP leadership must first agree to any legislative changes before they

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In addition to passing legislation, the NPCSC interacts with local governments through its constitutional review process. In contrast with other jurisdictions by which constitutional enforcement is considered a judicial power, in Chinese political theory, constitutional enforcement is considered a

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and then presented by party deputies under the Standing Committee to the whole of the NPC during its yearly plenary session. If Congress is on recess and the Standing Committee is in session, the same process is repeated by either the party leader in the NPCSC or by one of the party deputies, but

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The party sits above any legal code and even China's constitution, its powers unchecked by any court. Indeed, Mr Xi denounces judicial independence and the separation of powers as dangerous foreign ideas. Instead, to hear legal scholars explain it, Mr Xi is offering rule by law: ie, professional

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In addition to the Standing Committee, ten special committees have been established under the NPC to study issues related to specific fields. They include full time staff, who meet regularly to draft and discuss legislative work and policy proposals and the deputies assigned to the committees. A

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in 2018, the PLA and PAP have formed a joint delegation. The PLA delegation has been amongst the largest since the founding of the NPC, making up anywhere from 4 percent of the total delegates (3rd NPC), to 17 percent (4th NPC). Since the 5th NPC, it has usually held about 9 percent of the total

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The CCP maintains control over the composition of deputies of people's congresses, especially in the National People's Congress. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. Although CCP approval is, in effect, essential for membership in the NPC, approximately a

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The election and appointments for high-ranking posts are effectively decided secretly within the CCP months in advance, with NPC delegates having no say in these decisions. Elections in extraordinary circumstances have a similar approach with CCP involvement. According to official accounts, in a

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Elections and appointments differ in that elections can theoretically be competitive with multiple candidates submitted by the Presidium, or with write-in votes by the delegates, while the delegates can only vote for the official nominee in appointments. However, nearly all of the elections are

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since the 10th NPC in 2003. The delegates from Hong Kong and Macau are elected via an electoral college rather than by popular vote, but do include significant political figures who are residing in the regions. Since their transfer of sovereignty, Hong Kong and Macau have been given 36 and 12

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Delegations from Taiwan are chosen by "consultative election meetings" composed of 120 "compatriots of Taiwanese ancestry" hailing from various provinces in China, the central government and party agencies, and the military. Since the 6th NPC, Taiwan has been given 6 deputies at the NPC.

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of China. Prior to the 2000s, the Taiwan delegates in the NPC were mostly Taiwanese members of the Chinese Communist Party who fled Taiwan after 1947. They are now either deceased or elderly, and in the last three Congresses, only one of the "Taiwan" deputies was actually born in Taiwan

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in recess, its Standing Committee enacts all legislation presented to it by the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, other government organs or by the deputies themselves either of the standing committee or those of the committees within the NPC.

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in charge of personnel explains the proposed nominees and the selection process to the delegates. The delegates are then granted the short bios of the candidates, and given time for "deliberations and consultations", or simply "deliberations" for the appointed positions.

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legislature or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity and salience to the CCP. Legislation typically passes quickly, but there are notable examples where laws do not get through the NPC, and negative votes have become more commonplace since its inception.

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The National People's Congress meets in full session for roughly two weeks each year and votes on important pieces of legislation and personnel assignments, among other things. These sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the National Committee of the

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For the first three NPCs, there was a special delegation for returned overseas Chinese, but this was eliminated starting in the 4th NPC, and although overseas Chinese remain a recognized group in the NPC, they are now scattered among the various delegations.

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NPCSC passes the vast majority of China's laws, and has the powers to conduct oversight over governmental bodies, appoint or remove top-level personnel that are not in the national-level, ratifies treaties, grant special amnesties, and confer state honors.

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third of the seats are by convention reserved for non-CCP members. This includes technical experts and deputies of the eight minor parties. While these members provide technical expertise and a somewhat greater diversity of views, they do not function as a

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took place in September 1949, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state (PRC). This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. The first conference approved the

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Hall of the People during NPC sessions, though they rarely exercise this right. Delegates are allowed to simultaneously hold seats in other bodies of government and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics.

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The constitution guarantees the CCP is guaranteed a leadership role, and the NPC therefore does not serve as a forum of debate between government and opposition parties as is the case with Western parliaments. This has led to the NPC being described as a

4560:). According to the NPC, its annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and to present future plans to the nation. Due to the temporary nature of the plenary sessions, most of NPC's power is delegated to the 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 6998:

governance by officials following standardised procedures. At home, the party hopes that this sort of authoritarian rule will enjoy more legitimacy than a previously prevailing alternative: arbitrary decision-making by (often corrupt) officials.

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the Standing Committee is often full-time and carries a salary, and Standing Committee members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts. Under

9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 8229: 5585:, as well as regular members. NPCSC membership is often full-time and carries a salary, and members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts. 5578: 3203: 2234: 10086: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 3232: 2902: 7960: 4743:, NPC "deputies convey citizen grievances but shy away from sensitive political issues, and the government in turn displays partial responsiveness to their concerns." According to Austin Ramzy, writing for 9517: 9512: 9507: 8522: 8512: 5601: 3219: 9017: 9489: 9484: 2740: 2103: 5641:

large portion of legislative work in China are effectively delegated to these committees in between the bimonthly plenary sessions of the NPCSC. There are currently 10 special committees, which are:

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Martin, Shane; Saalfeld, Thomas; Strøm, Kaare W.; Schuler, Paul; Malesky, Edmund J. (1 January 2014), Martin, Shane; Saalfeld, Thomas; Strøm, Kaare W. (eds.), "Authoritarian Legislatures",

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for the next five years. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China. It was a

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During the Two Sessions, the NPC and the CPPCC hear and discuss reports from the premier of the State Council, the president of the Supreme People's Court, and the procurator-general.

10079: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 7280: 4928:; people's congresses are indirectly elected at all levels by the congress at the level below, except at the county and township level. Additionally, delegations are allocated to the 1316: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 4127: 1618: 7402: 2776: 1862: 4552:(CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups. As the NPC and the CPPCC are the main deliberative bodies of China, they are often referred to as the 1259: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 5490:

delegate seats, and is consistently the largest delegation in the NPC. In the 14th NPC, for example, the PLA and PAP delegation has 281 deputies; the next largest delegation is

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Lü, Xiaobo; Liu, Mingxing; Li, Feiyue (1 August 2020). "Policy Coalition Building in an Authoritarian Legislature: Evidence From China's National Assemblies (1983-2007)".

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A number of administrative bodies have also been established under the Standing Committee to provide support for the day-to-day operation of the NPC. These include:

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The military sends its own delegation to the NPC, which is elected by servicemember election committees of top-level military subdivisions, including the PLA's

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has tracked the wealth of some of the NPC's delegates: in 2018, the 153 delegates classed by the report as "super rich" (including China's wealthiest person,

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the NPC "is a carefully crafted pageant intended to convey the image of a transparent, responsive government." One of the NPC's members, Hu Xiaoyan, told

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beginning in 1931 where the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies was held on 7 November 1931, in

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The NPC Standing Committee is the permanent body of the NPC, elected by the legislature to meet regularly while it is not in session. It consists of a

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in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents. She was quoted as saying, "As a parliamentary representative, I don't have any real power."

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legislature, with the power to amend the Constitution, legislate and oversee the operations of the government, and elect the major officers of the

4262: 2923: 2596: 1898: 1827: 1816: 1806: 49: 7444:"Number of Deputies to All the Previous National People's Congresses in 2005 Statistical Yearbook, source: National Bureau of Statistics of China" 7133: 6047: 11856: 10391: 7626:[Taiwanese delegate Zhang Xiong: 'Stenographer' to the NPC Taiwan Delegation] (in Chinese). Big5.huaxia.com. 8 March 2012. Archived from 4280: 4240: 3584: 2791: 1875: 1568: 1295: 6878: 12065: 11248: 11202: 10772: 9669: 8021: 5547: 5541: 5445: 4933: 4912:

put before a final vote if there is significant opposition to the measure either within the Congress or by deputies in the Standing Committee.

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at all levels except the county-level. The CCP controls the nomination and election processes at every level in the people's congress system.

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body. Most delegates to the NPC are officially elected by local people's congresses at the provincial level; local legislatures which are

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Members of the NPC Special Committees, including their chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons, and regular members (nominated by the Presidium)

12024: 10509: 10435: 10275: 9707: 9499: 5655: 4833: 3024: 2911: 2511: 2275: 1871: 1264: 11951: 4624:. A Second National Congress took place from 22 January to 1 February 1934. During the event, only 693 deputies were elected with the 11996: 11253: 11195: 11138: 10711: 10520: 4564:(NPCSC), which consists of about 170 legislators and meets in continuous bi-monthly sessions, when its parent NPC is not in session. 4510: 3488: 3289: 2982: 2933: 2133: 473: 381: 228: 35: 12154: 10258: 10230: 10167: 10126: 9302: 7930: 7759: 7623: 6839: 5660: 4888: 4032: 4012: 3309: 2860: 2280: 1847: 1518: 1419: 1220: 518: 417: 12006: 11656: 11080: 10723: 10235: 10172: 7874: 6760: 5983: 5685: 4513:. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the 4308: 3856: 3610: 2305: 1688: 12243: 6121: 4876:

non-competitive with a single candidate, with only elections for the regular members of the NPCSC being competitive since 1988.

11731: 11371: 11055: 10198: 10162: 8100: 5552: 4336: 4272: 2535: 2494: 1703: 1697: 1669: 1476: 4647:, who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, 4441: 12263: 11696: 11611: 11451: 7786: 7534: 6542: 6353: 3755: 3704: 3000: 1831: 1676: 1307: 7479: 6207: 11621: 11238: 11100: 10805: 9476: 8016: 7318: 6934: 5690: 4215: 4195: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4017: 3496: 2897: 2885: 2879: 2310: 42: 8053: 4809:

Members of the NPC Standing Committee, including its chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General, and regular members

12095: 12080: 11956: 11666: 11576: 11406: 10398: 10282: 10019: 8898: 6710: 5879:[Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress of the People 's Republic of China]. 5486: 5464: 4868: 4712: 4585: 4300: 4118: 4113: 3399: 3393: 2574: 2530: 1881: 1465: 5909: 12110: 12075: 12019: 11931: 11851: 11361: 11243: 10477: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9418: 7070: 5825: 5806: 5763: 5675: 5444:

The NPC has included a "Taiwan" delegation since the 4th NPC in 1975, in line with the PRC's position that Taiwan is a

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Drafting the Securities Law: The role of the National People's Congress in creating China's new market economy

7102: 12085: 11926: 11766: 11751: 11681: 11626: 11586: 11486: 11471: 11391: 11326: 11263: 11095: 11000: 7502: 6459: 6402: 6309: 6079: 5457:); the remainder are "second-generation Taiwan compatriots", whose parents or grandparents came from Taiwan. 3123: 2521: 1278: 881: 780: 754: 12253: 11886: 11841: 11756: 11741: 11516: 11501: 11496: 11386: 11331: 11321: 10489: 5758: 4805:

The NPC elects and appoints top-level positions in the Chinese state. The following positions are elected:

4700: 4490: 4331: 4168: 4002: 3892: 3871: 3736: 3723: 3256: 3167: 3157: 3091: 1645: 1491: 1486: 1207: 7017: 6006: 1181: 89: 12060: 12034: 11816: 11806: 11726: 11701: 11636: 11476: 11411: 11401: 11301: 11105: 10676: 10408: 10136: 5632: 4929: 4323: 3983: 3457: 3451: 3096: 2811: 2701: 1635: 1613: 7897: 12177: 11971: 11716: 11706: 11651: 11556: 11511: 11466: 11456: 11296: 11050: 11015: 10970: 10691: 7140: 4454: 4417: 4379: 4349: 4081: 3978: 3467: 3444: 3409: 3057: 3034: 1729: 4655:, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing, temporary capital of China. 11946: 11936: 11686: 11631: 11596: 11521: 11316: 11291: 10940: 10935: 10830: 10430: 10033: 9693: 8732: 7653:[List of Deputies to the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China]. 7062: 6870: 6658:

the hands of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and that party positions always matter most in China.

6048:"China scraps premier's annual news conference a day before rubber-stamp parliament opens in Beijing" 4716: 4506: 3642: 3589: 3018: 2516: 1640: 1530: 1226: 1214: 1028: 8011: 4703:

in China, and all four Chinese constitutions have granted it a large amount of lawmaking power. The

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with the parties holding talks on post-World War II political reforms. This was included in the

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Zhu, Ghoubin (2010). "Constitutional Review in China: An Unaccomplished Project or a Mirage?".

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The NPC meets for about two weeks each year at the same time as the National Committee of the

11796: 11591: 11531: 11436: 11426: 11286: 11065: 10980: 10960: 10845: 10835: 10731: 10576: 10533: 10381: 7609: 6345: 4945: 4051: 3887: 2413: 1481: 1471: 1383: 1378: 1091: 969: 11891: 11786: 11781: 11110: 11045: 11010: 10945: 10925: 10915: 10875: 10860: 10855: 10701: 10666: 10646: 10631: 10538: 10459: 7397: 7281:"China's National People's Congress is meeting this week. Don't expect checks and balances" 4294: 4286: 4205: 4158: 4122: 4106: 3844: 3637: 3299: 3191: 3140: 2681: 2631: 2055: 1724: 1714: 1584: 527: 408: 8: 12100: 11901: 11846: 11826: 11616: 11571: 11446: 11441: 11366: 11148: 11120: 11070: 11030: 11005: 10985: 10920: 10895: 10885: 10870: 10791: 10696: 10686: 10656: 10641: 10636: 10621: 10616: 10581: 10543: 10528: 10325: 9721: 7285: 4932:(PLA), the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, as well as the claimed 4613: 4354: 4154: 4057: 4022: 3931: 3866: 3694: 3512: 2977: 2707: 2393: 1772: 1603: 1250: 824: 821: 818: 815: 797: 794: 791: 788: 7922: 7751: 7627: 11906: 11601: 11561: 11421: 10990: 10955: 10910: 10905: 10814: 10752: 10661: 10651: 10586: 10566: 10553: 10359: 10118: 9847: 7686: 6715: 6598: 6486: 6427: 6359: 6178: 6170: 6052: 4812: 4744: 4704: 4609: 4173: 4007: 3663: 3649: 3118: 2335: 2203: 2139: 2113: 1784: 1762: 1754: 1563: 1393: 755:

Rules of Procedure for the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

8092: 8086: 7864: 7588:"Of Iron or Rubber?: People's Deputies of Hong Kong to the National People's Congress" 6942: 6750: 5975: 729: 11172: 10736: 10706: 10626: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10591: 10571: 10561: 10214: 7655: 7605: 7337: 7066: 6976: 6720: 6603: 6538: 6490: 6478: 6435: 6431: 6419: 6349: 6314: 6182: 6162: 6143:

Truex, Rory (28 April 2014). "The Returns to Office in a "Rubber Stamp" Parliament".

6111: 6017: 5821: 5802: 5783: 4648: 4541: 4318: 3968: 3938: 3731: 3669: 3620: 3335: 2838: 1172: 1105: 601: 577: 6363: 323: 12227: 12215: 12039: 11187: 10386: 10376: 10335: 7991: 7713: 7595: 7393:"China's annual Communist Party shindig is welcoming a handful of new tech tycoons" 7327: 6530: 6468: 6411: 6341: 6229: 6154: 4920:

The Election Law restricts the NPC's maximum size to 3,000 deputy seats. Under the

4851: 4625: 4518: 4258: 3875: 2867: 2459: 2399: 1741: 1556: 1285: 1042: 948: 918: 851: 693: 595: 571: 7530: 12203: 12136: 11916: 10418: 9656: 7996: 7983: 7752:"Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China" 7469: 7054: 6202:. China research monographs ; no. 10. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 6197: 5454: 4525: 4313: 3917: 2845: 1232: 1131: 1123: 1069: 992: 5818:

Whither China's Democracy: Democratization in China Since the Tiananmen Incident

11791: 11311: 8255: 8043: 7724: 7332: 7313: 6639: 5546:

Before each plenary meeting of the NPC, a preparatory meeting is held, where a

4664: 4188: 3777: 3741: 3711: 3655: 3304: 2759: 2677: 2645: 2126: 1630: 1153: 1145: 500: 363: 244: 200: 6254: 6158: 4902: 4497:. The NPC is the only branch of government in China, and per the principle of 12237: 12131: 11941: 11273: 11219: 11166: 8358: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8243: 8206: 8160: 7341: 6980: 6971: 6724: 6607: 6482: 6473: 6454: 6423: 6415: 6199:

The Kiangsi Soviet Republic: Mao and the National Congresses of 1931 and 1934

6166: 6021: 6012: 4621: 4573: 4498: 3819: 3403: 3236: 2665: 2468: 2441: 2427: 1767: 1511: 1373: 268: 263: 258: 190: 107: 12191: 12126: 11981: 11896: 8533:

Committee for the Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

8388: 8297: 8261: 8237: 6285: 5722: 5516: 5450: 4952:

demographic groups or setting forth guidelines on a groups representation.

4671: 4632: 4553: 4435: 4407: 3746: 3676: 3385: 2606: 2498: 2475: 2448: 2240: 1903: 925: 858: 253: 208: 185: 7953:"The NPCSC Legislative Affairs Commission and Its "Invisible Legislators"" 7186:"Explainer: How Seats in China's National People's Congress Are Allocated" 11222: 11176: 8406: 8364: 8267: 8170: 6840:"Explainer: China to Amend the Constitution for the Fifth Time (UPDATED)" 4895:, of the proposed nominees and soliciting their views on the candidates. 4044: 3926: 3832: 3685: 3600: 3262: 3225: 3213: 2720: 2175: 1990: 1976: 1501: 1347: 1299: 434: 216: 12198: 7600: 7587: 6174: 5780:

Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China

2903:

State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense

11230: 8538:

Committee for the Basic Law for the Macao Special Administrative Region

8394: 8382: 8370: 8346: 8340: 8273: 8212: 8200: 8148: 7103:"NPC 2023: How China Selects Its State Leaders for the Next Five Years" 6901: 5520: 4094: 4038: 3538: 3438: 3325: 2967: 2939: 2746: 2613: 2589: 2482: 2343: 2121:

Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission

2005: 1960: 1921: 1907: 1891: 1838: 1356: 1320: 1311: 1289: 1245: 1236: 681: 224: 11881: 6805: 5721:, usually in the Spring. The combined sessions have been known as the 4771:

also responsible for supervising the enforcement of the constitution.

11416: 11381: 10783: 8352: 8334: 8285: 8218: 8176: 7805: 6084: 5872: 5433: 4775:

amendments are drafted and debated within the party, approved by the

3973: 3798: 3576: 3561: 3534: 3051: 2434: 2369: 2228: 2080: 2021: 1934: 1709: 1338: 240: 163: 10183: 4596:

The current National People's Congress can trace its origins to the

11641: 8291: 8249: 8188: 8048: 6755: 6116: 5497: 5491: 4756: 4509:(SPC) are subservient to it. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the 4100: 2889: 2871: 2694: 2638: 2407: 2013: 1970: 1930: 1329: 1254: 248: 195: 7250:"The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China" 6112:"Two sessions: Can a rubberstamp parliament help China's economy?" 11746: 11491: 11481: 8376: 8194: 8080: 7059:

China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict

6562: 5754:

List of voting results of the National People's Congress of China

4678:

legislature of the PRC during the first five years of existence.

4605: 3461: 714: 697: 6787:

The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

6558:"Nothing to see but comfort for Xi at China's annual parliament" 11546: 11526: 8279: 8182: 8154: 8044:"China's 'two sessions': Economics, environment and Xi's power" 4955: 4762:

Formally, there are four main functions and powers of the NPC:

4617: 4601: 3762: 3553: 3526: 2355: 2048: 2035: 1982: 1945: 1938: 1719: 1009: 232: 12222: 7719:"China's Richer-Than-Romney Lawmakers Reveal Reform Challenge" 6334:

Useful Bullshit: Constitutions in Chinese Politics and Society

6259:

The Common Program of the People's Republic of China 1949-1954

6234:

The Common Program of the People's Republic of China 1949-1954

5696:

These are organized in like manner as the Standing Committee.

3547:

Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization

2548:

State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission

974: 10097: 9725: 7806:"FAQs: National People's Congress and Its Standing Committee" 7681:"Chinese Lawmakers' Wallets Have Grown Along With Xi's Power" 7528: 6939:

Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China

6453:

Gandhi, Jennifer; Noble, Ben; Svolik, Milan (1 August 2020).

5681:

Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee

5437: 5436:

has had a separate delegation since the 9th NPC in 1998, and

4685:

transferred this function to the National People's Congress.

4494: 4200: 3803: 701: 5799:

Dictionary of the Politics of the People's Republic of China

65:

National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

6504: 6502: 6500: 5797:

Mackerras, Colin; McMillen, Donald; Watson, Andrew (2001).

5614:

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee

4903:

Determining major state issues worthy of legislative action

4883:

The list of candidates is then approved first by the CCP's

4765: 6672:"The National People's Congress: Functions and Membership" 6520: 5428: 4924:, the NPC is elected by the 32 people's congresses at the 3520:

Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture

41:"Parliament of China" redirects here. For other uses, see 7828: 6711:"Q. and A.: How China's National People's Congress Works" 6455:"Legislatures and Legislative Politics Without Democracy" 5732:

Between these sessions, NPC's power are exercised by the

6783:"Functions and Powers of the National People's Congress" 6635:"Beijing Holds Annual Two Sessions Amid Economic Crisis" 6497: 4839:

Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

4800: 4797:

are presented to either the full Congress or the NPCSC.

8122: 6811: 6281:"China's 'Two Sessions': More Control, Less Networking" 5796: 5666:

Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee

5617:

Macao Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee

7847: 7845: 7843: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 4861:(nominated by the Premier, appointed by the President) 27:

National legislature of the People's Republic of China

12175: 7774: 2993:

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

930: 863: 11217: 7712: 7227: 7215: 7203: 6594:"China's Parliament Is a Growing Billionaires' Club" 5734:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

5569:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

4741:

Princeton School of Public and International Affairs

4562:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

3814:

Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

1362:

Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members

1110: 1096: 669:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

7840: 7018:"The PRC Legislative Process: Rule Making in China" 6817: 6680:

Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation

6587: 6585: 6370: 5628:

Special Committee of the National People's Congress

4065:

Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits

7865:"National People's Congress Organizational System" 7717: 7679: 6964: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6005: 5719:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 4550:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 144:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 54:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 9177:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation 7716:; Wei, Michael; Sanderson, Henry (7 March 2013). 6452: 5749:Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union 4727:are all formally under the authority of the NPC. 2301:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation 12235: 6789:. The National People's Congress. Archived from 6582: 5498:Ethnic minorities and overseas Chinese delegates 5468:The 12th National People's Congress held in 2013 50:National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party 6858: 5947:State Council of the People's Republic of China 4536:. Some observers characterize the branch as a 4241:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs 1047: 1033: 7500: 7139:(Report). Cambridge University. Archived from 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 4823:Chairperson of the Central Military Commission 4620:on 18 March 1932, the 61st Anniversary of the 3468:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police 1466:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) 743:Constitution of the People's Republic of China 11203: 10799: 10199: 10080: 9701: 9119:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health 8108: 7244: 7242: 7131: 6834: 6832: 6080:"China's rubber-stamp parliament at a glance" 5868: 5866: 5555:ceremonies. Its functions are defined in the 5551:for the top state offices, and organizes the 4462: 3585:National Press and Publication Administration 2286:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health 900: 886: 812: 785: 70: 10290:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4956:Demographics of National People's Congresses 4532:, the NPC works under the leadership of the 4164:International Development Cooperation Agency 3616:National Radio and Television Administration 2782:Reform & Organizational Structure Office 2512:National Development & Reform Commission 2090:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 1954:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission 1136: 1014: 10102:Province-level people's congresses of China 8523:Deputy Qualification Examination Commission 8012:"Activating The National People's Congress" 7982:Cabestan, Jean-Pierre (14 September 2022). 7531:"IPU PARLINE Database: General Information" 7503:"New nat'l legislature sees more diversity" 7003: 6966:"Rule by law, with Chinese characteristics" 5542:Presidium of the National People's Congress 2389:State Council (Central People's Government) 1999:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission 281:Secretary-General of the Standing Committee 11210: 11196: 10806: 10792: 10206: 10192: 10087: 10073: 9708: 9694: 8115: 8101: 8085: 7356:"National Congress of the Communist Party" 7239: 6871:"Recording & Review: A Reintroduction" 6829: 6523:The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies 5863: 5656:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee 5636:National People's Congress Office Building 5510: 5485:(PAP) was placed under the command of the 5441:deputies elected to the NPC respectively. 4854:(nominated and appointed by the President) 4524:Since Chinese politics functions within a 4469: 4455: 1477:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) 976:rgyal yongs mi dmangs 'thus mi tshogs chen 728: 7995: 7599: 7331: 7312:Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023). 6472: 4221:International Military Cooperation Office 3489:Office for Safeguarding National Security 2134:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work 1492:Highest state organ of power (Article 57) 837:Nationwide People Representative Assembly 7984:"More Power to the People's Congresses?" 7981: 7834: 6278: 5815: 5661:Financial and Economic Affairs Committee 5631: 5592: 5463: 4766:Constitutional amendment and enforcement 4739:According to academic Rory Truex of the 4033:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs 4013:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement 2861:National Defense Mobilization Commission 2068:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission 7785:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLinCheng ( 7390: 7348: 7049: 7047: 7045: 6535:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0004 6399: 6331: 5873:National People's Congress of the PRC. 5816:Lin, Feng; Cheng, Joseph Y. S. (2011). 5686:Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee 5429:Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan delegations 4844:The following positions are appointed: 4834:President of the Supreme People's Court 4699:Under the constitution, the NPC is the 4309:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 3378:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission 3058:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 1482:Protection of human rights (Article 33) 179:Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee 14: 12236: 10813: 8056:from the original on 22 September 2018 7585: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 6632: 6346:10.7591/cornell/9781501761270.001.0001 6195: 5970: 5968: 5937: 5935: 5920:from the original on 16 September 2021 5820:. City University of Hong Kong Press. 5472: 4337:China and the World Trade Organization 4273:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens 3410:Public Security Organs People's Police 1704:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 1035:Бөх улсын ардын төлөөлөгчдийн их хурал 998:Daengx Guek Yinzminz Daibyauj Daihhoih 34:. For the list of prior sessions, see 11191: 10787: 10213: 10187: 10068: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10039: 10037: 10032: 10030: 10025: 10023: 10018: 10016: 10011: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9957: 9955: 9907: 9865: 9863: 9846: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9689: 8096: 7877:from the original on 16 November 2014 7851: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7567:from the original on 26 February 2023 7509:from the original on 10 November 2013 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7311: 7278: 7233: 7221: 7209: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7082: 6929: 6927: 6823: 6812:Mackerras, McMillen & Watson 2001 6708: 6669: 6508: 6387: 6142: 6092:from the original on 28 February 2024 5982:. China Internet Information Center. 5953:from the original on 4 September 2021 5777: 5621: 5562: 4801:Electing and appointing state leaders 4511:largest legislative body in the world 3756:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 3705:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues 3445:State Security Organs People's Police 3001:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 2934:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform 2767:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 8024:from the original on 4 November 2023 8017:Mercator Institute for China Studies 7933:from the original on 3 November 2023 7898:"Bilingual NPC Organizational Chart" 7816:from the original on 3 November 2023 7780: 7762:from the original on 11 January 2023 7732:from the original on 10 January 2017 7450:from the original on 4 December 2010 7319:Journal of Chinese Political Science 7113:from the original on 7 November 2023 7100: 7042: 6912:from the original on 4 November 2023 6881:from the original on 3 November 2023 6846:from the original on 19 October 2019 6731:from the original on 2 November 2021 6690:from the original on 8 February 2024 6028:from the original on 8 November 2023 5904: 5902: 5883:(in Chinese (China)). Archived from 5691:Social Development Affairs Committee 4688: 4635:, the CCP and the Kuomintang held a 4196:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 4018:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement 43:Parliament of China (disambiguation) 7895: 7694:from the original on 2 January 2022 7677: 7529:International Parliamentary Union. 7183: 7158: 6957: 6591: 6306: 6272: 6247: 5965: 5932: 4301:National Immigration Administration 3346:Federation of Industry and Commerce 2983:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 2741:National Defense Mobilization Dept. 1542:General Principles of the Civil Law 1137: 954:རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མི་དམངས་འཐུས་མི་ཚོགས་ཆེན་ 24: 12111:South African Republic (1857–1902) 7793: 7549: 7417: 7272: 7079: 7053: 6924: 6775: 6514: 6446: 6393: 5770: 5764:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 5676:Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 4580:, the Supreme People's Court, the 4089:Central Foreign Affairs Commission 3771:Cyberspace Administration of China 1778:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards 157:Chairman of the Standing Committee 25: 12275: 12096:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 10468:Political Consultative Conference 8072: 7963:from the original on 6 March 2019 7870:China Internet Information Center 7537:from the original on 5 March 2013 7482:from the original on 6 April 2012 7405:from the original on 4 April 2018 7372:from the original on 4 April 2018 7293:from the original on 9 April 2018 7030:from the original on 6 March 2019 6987:from the original on 17 July 2023 6763:from the original on 9 March 2009 6751:"Chinese delegate has 'no power'" 6647:from the original on 6 March 2024 6614:from the original on 3 March 2018 6279:Grzywacz, Jarek (31 March 2023). 6255:"Part 6: 1st plenum of the CPPCC" 6146:American Political Science Review 6124:from the original on 4 March 2024 6060:from the original on 4 March 2024 5986:from the original on 6 March 2021 5899: 4660:Political Consultative Conference 4637:Political Consultative Conference 4342:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 3199:Political Consultative Conference 2787:Int'l Military Cooperation Office 2772:Science and Technology Commission 2728:Training and Administration Dept. 2575:Central Military Commission (CMC) 1748:Scientific Outlook on Development 1472:Democratic centralism (Article 3) 71: 12221: 12209: 12197: 12185: 12030:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 11677:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11171: 11162: 11161: 10315: 10096: 9716: 9500:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs 7586:Fu, Hualing; Choy, D. W (2007). 5481:and service branches. After the 4429: 3595:State Council Information Office 3417:State Immigration Administration 2833: 2823: 2806: 2754:Discipline Inspection Commission 2276:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs 1487:Freedom of religion (Article 36) 1180: 680: 433: 322: 88: 12155:National bicameral legislatures 12142:List of legislatures by country 10426:National Supervisory Commission 10027:National Supervisory Commission 8982:National Supervisory Commission 8036: 8004: 7975: 7945: 7915: 7896:Wei, Changhao (15 March 2018). 7889: 7857: 7744: 7706: 7671: 7643: 7616: 7579: 7527:12th Congress information from 7521: 7494: 7462: 7384: 7305: 7184:Wei, Changhao (29 March 2022). 7125: 6899: 6893: 6743: 6702: 6663: 6626: 6566:. 16 March 2017. Archived from 6550: 6325: 6300: 6222: 6210:from the original on 8 May 2023 6189: 5843: 4829:National Supervisory Commission 4725:National Supervisory Commission 4713:PRC Central Military Commission 4643:, which was implemented by the 4608:on the 14th anniversary of the 4578:National Supervisory Commission 4246:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 3631:China Global Television Network 3611:Ministry of Culture and Tourism 3475:Bureau of Prison Administration 3035:People's Courts Judicial Police 2962:National Supervisory Commission 2043:Office of the General Secretary 814: 787: 82:14th National People's Congress 32:14th National People's Congress 12066:Confederate States (1861–1862) 11249:Federated States of Micronesia 10443:Supreme People's Procuratorate 10302:Provincial standing committees 10041:Supreme People's Procuratorate 9303:Financial and Economic Affairs 8655:Supreme People's Procuratorate 8528:Legislative Affairs Commission 7391:Horwitz, Josh (5 March 2018). 6709:Ramzy, Austin (4 March 2016). 6633:Palmer, James (5 March 2024). 6332:Diamant, Neil Jeffrey (2021). 6196:Waller, Derek J., ed. (1973). 6136: 6104: 6072: 6040: 5998: 5782:. Cambridge University Press. 5712: 5651:Constitution and Law Committee 5607:Legislative Affairs Commission 5559:, but not how it is composed. 4871:(nominated by the chairperson) 4787: 4721:Supreme People's Procuratorate 4582:Supreme People's Procuratorate 4365:China–European Union relations 3857:Special administrative regions 3042:Supreme People's Procuratorate 2281:Financial and Economic Affairs 1111: 1097: 975: 931: 901: 887: 864: 813: 786: 30:For the current Congress, see 13: 1: 12086:Orange Free State (1854–1902) 9734: 9018:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 7678:Wee, Sui-Lee (2 March 2017). 6670:Saich, Tony (November 2015). 6592:Wee, Sui-Lee (1 March 2018). 6460:Comparative Political Studies 6403:Comparative Political Studies 6310:Suffolk University Law Review 5876:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法 5856: 5699: 5553:constitutional oath of office 4915: 4893:eight minor political parties 4572:, the NPC is structured as a 4385:China–United States relations 4370:China–Latin America relations 4231:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee 3827:HK & Macau Affairs Office 3570:Central Propaganda Department 3422:Local public security bureaus 2797:Offices Administration Agency 2306:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 12264:1954 establishments in China 10490:United Front Work Department 7997:10.11588/ASIEN.2006.99.19647 7279:Truex, Rory (7 March 2018). 7101:Liao, Zewei (4 March 2023). 6007:"What makes a rubber stamp?" 5611:Budgetary Affairs Commission 5535: 5530: 4885:Politburo Standing Committee 4852:Premier of the State Council 4701:highest organ of state power 4501:, all state organs from the 4491:highest organ of state power 4332:China and the United Nations 4236:CCP International Department 4216:Ministry of National Defense 4143:Diplomatic missions of China 4003:Taiwan independence movement 3724:Publishing industry in China 3257:United Front Work Department 3102:Regular Disciplined Services 3092:Law enforcement in Hong Kong 2898:Ministry of Veterans Affairs 2880:Ministry of National Defense 1915:National Security Commission 1755:Harmonious Socialist Society 1646:Death sentence with reprieve 1620:Administrative Procedure Law 865:Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì 620:December 2022 – January 2023 7: 10399:Central Military Commission 10020:Central Military Commission 8899:Central Military Commission 5742: 5487:Central Military Commission 4869:Central Military Commission 4695:System of people's congress 4586:Central Military Commission 4530:system of people's congress 4324:Community of Common Destiny 4114:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3984:Republic of China on Taiwan 3394:Ministry of Public Security 2715:Equipment Development Dept. 1882:Central Military Commission 1138:مەملەكەتتىك حالىق قۇرىلتايى 10: 12280: 12244:National People's Congress 12076:Irish Republic (1919–1922) 12071:Czechoslovakia (1948–1969) 10341:National People's Congress 10111:National People's Congress 9750:National People's Congress 9726:People's Republic of China 9662:National People's Congress 9566:National People's Congress 9477:Social Development Affairs 8124:National People's Congress 7927:National People's Congress 7756:National People's Congress 7561:National People's Congress 7333:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3 7063:W. W. Norton & Company 6230:"Part 1 China 1911 - 1949" 5943:"China's Electoral System" 5914:National People's Congress 5625: 5566: 5539: 4692: 4591: 4495:People's Republic of China 4483:National People's Congress 3979:Political status of Taiwan 3429:Ministry of State Security 3129:Public Prosecutions Office 2929:Military reform since 2015 2541:Deputy Secretaries-General 2311:Social Development Affairs 2192:National People's Congress 1730:Primary stage of socialism 1698:Admission Oath (Article 6) 1265:Current provincial leaders 1112:Məmlikətlik həlⱪ ⱪurultiyi 1098:Memliketlik xelq qurultiyi 1075:مەملىكەتلىك خەلق قۇرۇلتىيى 766:National People's Congress 47: 40: 29: 18:National People’s Congress 12150: 12119: 12053: 12005: 11967:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11825: 11272: 11229: 11157: 11119: 11079: 10821: 10765: 10745: 10722: 10675: 10552: 10519: 10498: 10458: 10324: 10313: 10244: 10221: 10153: 10135: 10117: 10107: 10001: 9999: 9991: 9989: 9981: 9979: 9971: 9969: 9961: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9905: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9779: 9777: 9732: 9655: 9564: 9555: 9498: 9475: 9417: 9359: 9301: 9223: 9175: 9117: 9059: 9016: 9007: 8980: 8897: 8814: 8731: 8653: 8570: 8557: 8550: 8505: 8422: 8325: 8228: 8139: 8130: 7651:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单" 7557:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单" 6159:10.1017/S0003055414000112 5976:"IX. The Election System" 5759:Supreme People's Assembly 5671:Foreign Affairs Committee 4360:China–Caribbean relations 3944:Mainland & Macau CEPA 3643:China Radio International 3590:China Film Administration 2777:Strategic Planning Office 2507:Cabinet-level departments 1599:Intellectual property law 1162: 1152: 1144: 1130: 1122: 1104: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1068: 1063: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1027: 1022: 1015: 1008: 1003: 991: 986: 968: 963: 959: 953: 947: 942: 924: 917: 912: 908: 894: 880: 875: 857: 850: 845: 841: 833: 806: 779: 774: 770: 765: 753: 748: 741: 736: 712: 707: 688: 679: 674: 664: 650: 640: 624: 614: 590: 568: 563: 553: 441: 432: 330: 321: 305: 300: 278: 176: 154: 149: 139: 120: 115: 101: 96: 87: 80: 63: 11987:Turks and Caicos Islands 11347:Central African Republic 10881:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 10409:People's Liberation Army 9419:Overseas Chinese Affairs 7470: 6474:10.1177/0010414020919930 6416:10.1177/0010414018797950 6338:Cornell University Press 6204:University of California 5875: 5836: 5646:Ethnic Affairs Committee 4930:People's Liberation Army 4922:people's congress system 4515:Great Hall of the People 4403:Administrative divisions 4184:Belt and Road Initiative 3881:Hong Kong SAR Government 3852:One country, two systems 3840:Hong Kong Liaison Office 3626:China Central Television 3136:Secretariat for Security 2812:People's Liberation Army 2553:most Central Enterprises 2296:Overseas Chinese Affairs 1735:Four Cardinal Principles 896:Traditional Chinese 808:Traditional Chinese 690:Great Hall of the People 609:combined approval voting 585:combined approval voting 48:Not to be confused with 12259:Unicameral legislatures 11802:Holy See (Vatican City) 11139:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8424:Council of Chairpersons 7624:"臺籍代表張雄：人大台灣團上的"會議記錄員"" 6527:Oxford University Press 5511:Background of delegates 4818:Vice President of China 4653:China Democratic League 4598:Chinese Soviet Republic 4534:Chinese Communist Party 4528:framework based on the 4375:China–Pacific relations 4254:Chinese nationality law 3146:Unitary Police Services 2803:National armed forces: 2219:Council of Chairpersons 2075:Organization Department 1807:National Party Congress 1512:Socialist law tradition 1389:Organization Department 882:Simplified Chinese 781:Simplified Chinese 11857:British Virgin Islands 10431:Supreme People's Court 10034:Supreme People's Court 9809:NPC Standing Committee 8733:Supreme People's Court 7478:(in Chinese (China)). 7471:十一届全国人大代表将亮相:结构优化构成广泛 7132:Stephen Green (2003). 5637: 5557:Organic Law of the NPC 5525:United States Congress 5469: 4717:Supreme People's Court 4667:, which served as the 4645:Nationalist government 4641:Double Tenth Agreement 4507:Supreme People's Court 4380:China–Russia relations 4350:China–Africa relations 4179:China Development Bank 4155:Foreign aid from China 3996:"Taiwan Province", PRC 3964:Cross-Strait relations 3957:Cross-Strait relations 3910:Mainland & HK CEPA 3351:People's organizations 3158:Public Security Police 3107:Hong Kong Police Force 3068:Judiciary of Hong Kong 3019:Supreme People's Court 2924:Military modernization 2702:Logistic Support Dept. 1435:Previous constitutions 1308:Communist Party leader 1203:Leadership generations 646:Late 2027 – early 2028 124:15 September 1954 12249:National legislatures 12165:National upper houses 12160:National lower houses 11692:São Tomé and Príncipe 11254:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10483:People's organization 10414:People's Armed Police 6902:"NPC Legislation 101" 5635: 5593:Administrative bodies 5494:, with 173 deputies. 5483:People's Armed Police 5467: 4857:Other members of the 4777:CCP Central Committee 4052:Taiwan Affairs Office 3903:Independence movement 3888:Politics of Hong Kong 3124:Court of Final Appeal 3085:Prosecutions Division 3080:Department of Justice 3073:Court of Final Appeal 2829:People's Armed Police 2522:National Audit Office 2153:Provincial committee 1384:Collective leadership 1379:Democratic centralism 1260:Current state leaders 1215:Hu–Wen Administration 11259:United Arab Emirates 11056:United Arab Emirates 9722:Central state organs 9061:Constitution and Law 7990:(99): 42–69 Seiten. 7923:"Special Committees" 7835:Lin & Cheng 2011 7501:Xinhua News Agency. 6842:. 28 December 2017. 6364:10.7591/j.ctv1hw3wg5 5778:Truex, Rory (2016). 5453:, wife of economist 4946:political opposition 4570:China's Constitution 4517:on the west side of 4355:China–Arab relations 4287:Visa policy of China 4206:New Development Bank 4169:Ministry of Commerce 3932:Macau SAR Government 3845:Macau Liaison Office 3638:China National Radio 3321:Historical parties: 3141:Macau Security Force 2689:Political Work Dept. 2327:State representative 2271:Constitution and Law 2056:Central Guard Bureau 1725:Deng Xiaoping Theory 1502:Chinese legal system 1317:State representative 1279:Orders of precedence 1242:20th Party Politburo 1221:Xi–Li Administration 332:NPC political groups 295:since 10 March 2023 273:since 10 March 2023 171:since 10 March 2023 12254:Government of China 12061:Artsakh (1991–2023) 11992:U.S. Virgin Islands 11083:limited recognition 10283:Military Commission 8230:Current Vice Chairs 7929:. 26 October 2021. 7601:10.2139/ssrn.958845 7286:The Washington Post 7260:on 11 February 2019 6793:on 18 December 2016 5766:(former equivalent) 5473:Military delegation 4867:and members of the 4827:Chairperson of the 4616:that took place in 4133:Diplomatic missions 4105:Secretary-General: 4023:Chinese unification 3867:Hong Kong Basic Law 3737:Internet censorship 3695:Censorship in China 3452:Ministry of Justice 2978:Corruption in China 2350:Presidential Office 1989:Secretary-General: 1872:Central Secretariat 1773:Four Comprehensives 1577:Labour Contract Law 1507:Civil law tradition 1344:Conference Chairman 1233:4th Leadership Core 1208:Succession of power 12106:Sikkim (1953–1975) 10815:Parliament of Asia 10448:Procurator-General 10346:Standing Committee 10264:Standing Committee 10137:Autonomous regions 9009:Special Committees 8572:Standing Committee 8132:Standing Committee 7687:The New York Times 7659:. 25 February 2024 6945:on 4 December 2022 6877:. 18 August 2020. 6716:The New York Times 6599:The New York Times 6511:, p. 158–175. 6053:The Globe and Mail 5949:. 25 August 2014. 5916:. 29 August 2015. 5638: 5622:Special Committees 5563:Standing Committee 5470: 4934:province of Taiwan 4887:, and then by its 4813:President of China 4628:taking 117 seats. 4610:October Revolution 4542:indirectly elected 4174:Exim Bank of China 4008:Anti-Secession Law 3898:Pro-democracy camp 3664:China News Service 3650:Xinhua News Agency 3204:National Committee 3119:Judiciary of Macau 3048:Procurator-General 2261:Special Committees 2209:Standing Committee 2167:Deputy secretaries 2157:Standing committee 2100:Standing Committee 2061:Central Guard Unit 1859:Standing Committee 1763:Xi Jinping Thought 1720:Mao Zedong Thought 1636:Capital punishment 1614:Administrative law 1353:Commander-in-chief 1326:Head of government 1251:14th State Council 1029:Mongolian Cyrillic 12173: 12172: 11997:Wallis and Futuna 11829:other territories 11185: 11184: 11125:other territories 10781: 10780: 10761: 10760: 10715: 10513: 10269:General Secretary 10254:Central Committee 10215:Politics of China 10181: 10180: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10055: 9683: 9682: 9651: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9551: 9550: 9003: 9002: 8561:National People's 8546: 8545: 8518:Budget Commission 8327:Secretary-General 7758:. 11 March 2021. 7714:Forsythe, Michael 7476:Npc.people.com.cn 6544:978-0-19-965301-0 6355:978-1-5017-6129-4 6336:. Ithaca London: 5583:secretary-general 5579:vice chairpersons 5426: 5425: 5420: 5412: 5389: 5381: 5358: 5350: 5327: 5319: 5296: 5288: 5265: 5257: 5234: 5226: 5203: 5195: 5172: 5164: 5141: 5133: 5110: 5102: 5079: 5071: 5048: 5040: 5017: 5009: 4985: 4980:Minority deputies 4977: 4865:Vice Chairpersons 4689:Powers and duties 4649:Young China Party 4588:, and the state. 4479: 4478: 4418:Ethnic minorities 4319:Beijing Consensus 4259:Chinese passports 4099:Deputy Director: 4082:Foreign relations 3969:Chinese Civil War 3939:Politics of Macau 3732:Internet in China 3621:China Media Group 3560:Deputy Director: 3497:Urban Management 3246:Political parties 3233:Secretary-General 3220:Vice-Chairpersons 2954:Supervisory organ 2839:China Coast Guard 2673:Joint Staff Dept. 2584:supreme commander 2536:Secretary-General 2495:Secretary-General 2249:Secretary-General 2235:Vice-Chairpersons 2012:Deputy Director: 1967:Deputy Directors: 1848:Central Politburo 1828:General Secretary 1817:Central Committee 1677:Principal leaders 1335:Congress Chairman 1227:Xi Administration 1223:(2012–2017) 1217:(2002–2012) 1173:Politics of China 1166: 1165: 1118: 1117: 982: 981: 938: 937: 919:Standard Mandarin 871: 870: 852:Standard Mandarin 761: 760: 642:Next NPC election 616:Last NPC election 16:(Redirected from 12271: 12226: 12225: 12214: 12213: 12212: 12202: 12201: 12190: 12189: 12188: 12181: 11952:Saint Barthélemy 11947:Pitcairn Islands 11887:French Polynesia 11877:Falkland Islands 11657:Papua New Guinea 11577:Marshall Islands 11212: 11205: 11198: 11189: 11188: 11175: 11165: 11164: 11134:Christmas Island 10823:Sovereign states 10808: 10801: 10794: 10785: 10784: 10746:Claimed province 10709: 10517: 10516: 10507: 10387:State Councilors 10336:Paramount leader 10319: 10208: 10201: 10194: 10185: 10184: 10109:National level: 10101: 10100: 10089: 10082: 10075: 10066: 10065: 9736: 9735: 9720: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9687: 9686: 9657:Plenary sessions 9639:14th (2023–2028) 9634:13th (2018–2023) 9629:12th (2013–2018) 9624:11th (2008–2013) 9619:10th (2003–2008) 9562: 9561: 9543:14th (2023–2028) 9538:13th (2018–2023) 9533:12th (2013–2018) 9528:11th (2008–2013) 9523:10th (2003–2008) 9490:14th (2023–2028) 9485:13th (2018–2023) 9467:14th (2023–2028) 9462:13th (2018–2023) 9457:12th (2013–2018) 9452:11th (2008–2013) 9447:10th (2003–2008) 9409:14th (2023–2028) 9404:13th (2018–2023) 9399:12th (2013–2018) 9394:11th (2008–2013) 9389:10th (2003–2008) 9351:14th (2023–2028) 9346:13th (2018–2023) 9341:12th (2013–2018) 9336:11th (2008–2013) 9331:10th (2003–2008) 9293:14th (2023–2028) 9288:13th (2018–2023) 9283:12th (2013–2018) 9278:11th (2008–2013) 9273:10th (2003–2008) 9215:14th (2023–2028) 9210:13th (2018–2023) 9205:12th (2013–2018) 9200:11th (2008–2013) 9195:10th (2003–2008) 9167:14th (2023–2028) 9162:13th (2018–2023) 9157:12th (2013–2018) 9152:11th (2008–2013) 9147:10th (2003–2008) 9109:14th (2023–2028) 9104:13th (2018–2023) 9099:12th (2013–2018) 9094:11th (2008–2013) 9089:10th (2003–2008) 9051:14th (2023–2028) 9046:13th (2018–2023) 9041:12th (2013–2018) 9036:11th (2008–2013) 9031:10th (2003–2008) 9014: 9013: 8995:14th (2023–2028) 8990:13th (2018–2023) 8972:14th (2023–2028) 8967:13th (2018–2023) 8962:12th (2013–2018) 8957:11th (2008–2013) 8952:10th (2003–2008) 8889:14th (2023–2028) 8884:13th (2018–2023) 8879:12th (2013–2018) 8874:11th (2008–2013) 8869:10th (2003–2008) 8806:14th (2023–2028) 8801:13th (2018–2023) 8796:12th (2013–2018) 8791:11th (2008–2013) 8786:10th (2003–2008) 8723:14th (2023–2028) 8718:13th (2018–2023) 8713:12th (2013–2018) 8708:11th (2008–2013) 8703:10th (2003–2008) 8645:14th (2023–2028) 8640:13th (2018–2023) 8635:12th (2013–2018) 8630:11th (2008–2013) 8625:10th (2003–2008) 8568: 8567: 8555: 8554: 8497:14th (2023–2028) 8492:13th (2018–2023) 8487:12th (2013–2018) 8482:11th (2008–2013) 8477:10th (2003–2008) 8137: 8136: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8081:Official website 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8052:. 4 March 2018. 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8020:. 1 March 2017. 8008: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7959:. 25 June 2018. 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7838: 7837:, p. 65–99. 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7802: 7791: 7790: 7783:, p. 65–99. 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7721: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7683: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7630:on 12 March 2012 7620: 7614: 7613: 7603: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7440: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7371: 7360: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7335: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7256:. 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Archived from 6931: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6867: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6836: 6827: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6759:. 4 March 2009. 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6689: 6676: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6589: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6495: 6494: 6476: 6467:(9): 1359–1379. 6450: 6444: 6443: 6410:(9): 1380–1416. 6397: 6391: 6385: 6368: 6367: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6120:. 4 March 2024. 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6088:. 5 March 2019. 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6056:. 4 March 2024. 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6016:. 5 March 2012. 6009: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5972: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5906: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5870: 5850: 5849:See references: 5847: 5831: 5812: 5793: 5479:theater commands 5418: 5410: 5387: 5379: 5356: 5348: 5325: 5317: 5294: 5286: 5263: 5255: 5232: 5224: 5201: 5193: 5170: 5162: 5139: 5131: 5108: 5100: 5077: 5069: 5046: 5038: 5015: 5007: 4983: 4975: 4960: 4959: 4626:Chinese Red Army 4519:Tiananmen Square 4471: 4464: 4457: 4436:China portal 4434: 4433: 4432: 3893:Pro-Beijing camp 3876:John Lee Ka-chiu 3533:Deputy Leaders: 3483: 3171: 3163:Judiciary Police 3154: 2912:Military history 2837: 2827: 2817:Theater commands 2810: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2616: 2609: 2485: 2478: 2471: 2460:State Councilors 2451: 2444: 2437: 2430: 2394:Li Qiang Cabinet 2255: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1835: 1742:Three Represents 1715:Marxism–Leninism 1641:Capital offences 1531:List of statutes 1286:Paramount leader 1274:National leaders 1184: 1168: 1167: 1140: 1139: 1114: 1113: 1100: 1099: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1043:Mongolian script 1037: 1036: 1018: 1017: 999: 978: 977: 961: 960: 955: 934: 933: 910: 909: 904: 903: 890: 889: 867: 866: 843: 842: 829: 828: 827: 802: 801: 800: 763: 762: 732: 727: 724: 722: 720: 718: 716: 694:Xicheng District 684: 547: 545: 535: 526: 517: 508: 499: 490: 481: 472: 463: 454: 446:political groups 437: 425: 416: 407: 398: 389: 380: 371: 362: 353: 340: 326: 140:Preceded by 135: 133: 128: 92: 75: 74: 73: 61: 60: 21: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12220: 12210: 12208: 12196: 12186: 12184: 12176: 12174: 12169: 12146: 12137:Multicameralism 12115: 12049: 12025:Northern Cyprus 12001: 11828: 11821: 11732:Solomon Islands 11637:North Macedonia 11268: 11225: 11216: 11186: 11181: 11153: 11124: 11115: 11096:Northern Cyprus 11082: 11075: 10817: 10812: 10782: 10777: 10757: 10741: 10718: 10678: 10671: 10548: 10510:current leaders 10506: 10503: 10500: 10494: 10454: 10327: 10320: 10311: 10246:Communist Party 10240: 10217: 10212: 10182: 10177: 10149: 10131: 10113: 10103: 10095: 10093: 10063: 10058: 10057: 9728: 9714: 9684: 9679: 9660: 9643: 9614:9th (1998–2003) 9609:8th (1993–1998) 9604:7th (1988–1993) 9599:6th (1983–1988) 9594:5th (1978–1983) 9589:4th (1975–1978) 9584:3rd (1964–1975) 9579:2nd (1959–1964) 9574:1st (1954–1959) 9557: 9547: 9518:9th (1998–2003) 9513:8th (1993–1998) 9508:7th (1988–1993) 9494: 9471: 9442:9th (1998–2003) 9437:8th (1993–1998) 9432:7th (1988–1993) 9427:6th (1983–1988) 9413: 9384:9th (1998–2003) 9379:8th (1993–1998) 9374:7th (1988–1993) 9369:6th (1983–1988) 9361:Foreign Affairs 9355: 9326:9th (1998–2003) 9321:8th (1993–1998) 9316:7th (1988–1993) 9311:6th (1983–1988) 9297: 9268:9th (1998–2003) 9263:8th (1993–1998) 9258:7th (1988–1993) 9253:6th (1983–1988) 9248:5th (1978–1983) 9243:4th (1975–1978) 9238:2nd (1959–1964) 9233:1st (1954–1959) 9219: 9190:9th (1998–2003) 9185:8th (1993–1998) 9171: 9142:9th (1998–2003) 9137:8th (1993–1998) 9132:7th (1988–1993) 9127:6th (1983–1988) 9113: 9084:9th (1998–2003) 9079:8th (1993–1998) 9074:7th (1988–1993) 9069:6th (1983–1988) 9055: 9026:9th (1998–2003) 8999: 8976: 8947:9th (1998–2003) 8942:8th (1993–1998) 8937:7th (1988–1993) 8932:6th (1983–1988) 8927:5th (1978–1983) 8922:4th (1975–1978) 8917:3rd (1964–1975) 8912:2nd (1959–1964) 8907:1st (1954–1959) 8893: 8864:9th (1998–2003) 8859:8th (1993–1998) 8854:7th (1988–1993) 8849:6th (1983–1988) 8844:5th (1978–1983) 8839:4th (1975–1978) 8834:3rd (1964–1975) 8829:2nd (1959–1964) 8824:1st (1954–1959) 8810: 8781:9th (1998–2003) 8776:8th (1993–1998) 8771:7th (1988–1993) 8766:6th (1983–1988) 8761:5th (1978–1983) 8756:4th (1975–1978) 8751:3rd (1964–1975) 8746:2nd (1959–1964) 8741:1st (1954–1959) 8727: 8698:9th (1998–2003) 8693:8th (1993–1998) 8688:7th (1988–1993) 8683:6th (1983–1988) 8678:5th (1978–1983) 8673:3rd (1964–1975) 8668:2nd (1959–1964) 8663:1st (1954–1959) 8649: 8620:9th (1998–2003) 8615:8th (1993–1998) 8610:7th (1988–1993) 8605:6th (1983–1988) 8600:5th (1978–1983) 8595:4th (1975–1978) 8590:3rd (1964–1975) 8585:2nd (1959–1964) 8580:1st (1954–1959) 8562: 8559: 8551:Electoral terms 8542: 8501: 8472:9th (1998–2003) 8467:8th (1993–1998) 8462:7th (1988–1993) 8457:6th (1983–1988) 8452:5th (1978–1983) 8447:4th (1975–1978) 8442:3rd (1964–1975) 8437:2nd (1959–1964) 8432:1st (1954–1959) 8418: 8321: 8224: 8126: 8121: 8079: 8078: 8075: 8070: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8009: 8005: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7804: 7803: 7794: 7784: 7781:Lin & Cheng 7779: 7775: 7765: 7763: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7735: 7733: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7633: 7631: 7622: 7621: 7617: 7584: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7526: 7522: 7512: 7510: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7442: 7441: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7358: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7310: 7306: 7296: 7294: 7277: 7273: 7263: 7261: 7248: 7247: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7182: 7159: 7149: 7147: 7146:on 14 July 2011 7143: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7099: 7080: 7073: 7052: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7004: 6990: 6988: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6933: 6932: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6900:Wei, Changhao. 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6869: 6868: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6838: 6837: 6830: 6822: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6674: 6668: 6664: 6650: 6648: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6590: 6583: 6573: 6571: 6570:on 5 March 2018 6556: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6498: 6451: 6447: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6371: 6356: 6330: 6326: 6313:(43): 625–653. 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6194: 6190: 6141: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5974: 5973: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5941: 5940: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5887:on 13 June 2017 5877: 5871: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5809: 5790: 5773: 5771:Further reading 5745: 5715: 5702: 5630: 5624: 5595: 5571: 5565: 5544: 5538: 5533: 5513: 5500: 5475: 5455:Justin Yifu Lin 5431: 4984:Minority % 4972:Female deputies 4958: 4918: 4905: 4803: 4790: 4768: 4697: 4691: 4614:Soviet Congress 4594: 4526:communist state 4475: 4446: 4442:Other countries 4430: 4428: 4423: 4422: 4413:Family planning 4398: 4390: 4389: 4346: 4328: 4314:Panda diplomacy 4305: 4250: 4227: 4212: 4151: 4139: 4084: 4074: 4073: 4043:Deputy Leader: 4029: 3959: 3949: 3948: 3923:Chief Executive 3918:Macao Basic Law 3914: 3872:Chief Executive 3863: 3809: 3808: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3765: 3728: 3691: 3579: 3564: 3556: 3541: 3529: 3515: 3505: 3504: 3493: 3477: 3464: 3441: 3406: 3388: 3380: 3372: 3371: 3367:Law enforcement 3356: 3355: 3340: 3314: 3216: 3194: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3165: 3148: 3115: 3097:Security Bureau 3064: 3054: 3031: 3013: 3012: 3011:Judicial organs 3007: 2997: 2989: 2974: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2919:Armed conflicts 2892: 2874: 2863: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2501: 2488: 2481: 2474: 2467: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2410: 2383: 2382: 2381:Executive organ 2377: 2372: 2346: 2329: 2328: 2291:Foreign Affairs 2247: 2231: 2199: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2150: 2024: 2016: 2008: 1993: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1948: 1929: 1924: 1902: 1894: 1866: 1826: 1801: 1800: 1793: 1757: 1750: 1706: 1692: 1691: 1665: 1663:Communist Party 1655: 1654: 1627: 1610: 1537: 1525:Legislation Law 1498: 1468: 1457: 1425: 1424: 1404: 1403: 1368:Related systems 1302: 1198: 1175: 1055: 1054:ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ 1053: 1051: 1049: 997: 834:Literal meaning 713: 692: 657: 643: 631: 617: 598: 574: 556: 543: 542: 533: 524: 515: 506: 497: 488: 479: 470: 461: 452: 447: 423: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 369: 360: 351: 338: 333: 313: 296: 294: 283: 274: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 239: 231: 223: 215: 207: 199: 194: 189: 181: 172: 170: 159: 131: 129: 126: 125: 111: 110: 76: 72:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会 69: 67: 66: 57: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12277: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12231: 12230: 12218: 12206: 12194: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12151: 12148: 12147: 12145: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12123: 12121: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12081:Norfolk Island 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12057: 12055: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12011: 12009: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11862:Cayman Islands 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11833: 11831: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11278: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11215: 11214: 11207: 11200: 11192: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11179: 11169: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11087: 11085: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10827: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10811: 10810: 10803: 10796: 10788: 10779: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10755: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10739: 10734: 10728: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10716: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10692:Inner Mongolia 10689: 10683: 10681: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10558: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10525: 10523: 10521:Municipalities 10514: 10502:province-level 10496: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10486: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10464: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10440: 10439: 10438: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10396: 10395: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10365:Vice President 10357: 10356: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10338: 10332: 10330: 10322: 10321: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10287: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10250: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10211: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10188: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10155:Municipalities 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10141: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10123: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10092: 10091: 10084: 10077: 10069: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10038: 10036: 10031: 10029: 10024: 10022: 10017: 10015: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9713: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9690: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9675:Voting results 9672: 9666: 9664: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9570: 9568: 9559: 9556:Elected by the 9553: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9504: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9487: 9481: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9365: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9307: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9229: 9227: 9225:Ethnic Affairs 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9181: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9065: 9063: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9022: 9020: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8820: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8576: 8574: 8565: 8558:Elected by the 8552: 8548: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8513:General Office 8509: 8507: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8416: 8415:(2023–present) 8410: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8344: 8338: 8331: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8318:(2023–present) 8313: 8312:(2023–present) 8307: 8306:(2023–present) 8301: 8300:(2023–present) 8295: 8294:(2023–present) 8289: 8288:(2018–present) 8283: 8282:(2023–present) 8277: 8276:(2018–present) 8271: 8270:(2018–present) 8265: 8264:(2018–present) 8259: 8258:(2023–present) 8256:Zheng Jianbang 8253: 8252:(2023–present) 8247: 8246:(2018–present) 8241: 8240:(2023–present) 8234: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8221:(2023–present) 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8158: 8152: 8145: 8143: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8120: 8119: 8112: 8105: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8074: 8073:External links 8071: 8068: 8067: 8035: 8003: 7974: 7944: 7914: 7888: 7856: 7839: 7827: 7812:. 4 May 2023. 7792: 7773: 7743: 7725:Bloomberg News 7705: 7670: 7656:People's Daily 7642: 7615: 7578: 7548: 7520: 7505:. Npc.gov.cn. 7493: 7461: 7416: 7383: 7347: 7326:(1): 159–184. 7304: 7271: 7254:www.npc.gov.cn 7238: 7236:, p. 170. 7226: 7224:, p. 125. 7214: 7212:, p. 107. 7202: 7157: 7124: 7078: 7072:978-0393292398 7071: 7041: 7002: 6956: 6923: 6892: 6857: 6828: 6816: 6814:, p. 232. 6804: 6774: 6742: 6701: 6662: 6640:Foreign Policy 6625: 6581: 6549: 6543: 6513: 6496: 6445: 6392: 6369: 6354: 6324: 6299: 6271: 6246: 6221: 6188: 6153:(2): 235–251. 6135: 6103: 6071: 6039: 5997: 5964: 5931: 5898: 5881:www.npc.gov.cn 5861: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5827:978-9629371814 5826: 5813: 5808:978-0415250672 5807: 5794: 5788: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5741: 5714: 5711: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5626:Main article: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5604: 5602:General Office 5594: 5591: 5567:Main article: 5564: 5561: 5540:Main article: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527:at the time). 5512: 5509: 5499: 5496: 5474: 5471: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5413: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5382: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5351: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5323: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5289: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5258: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5230: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5137: 5134: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5010: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4981: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4969:Total deputies 4967: 4964: 4957: 4954: 4926:province-level 4917: 4914: 4904: 4901: 4873: 4872: 4862: 4855: 4849: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4802: 4799: 4789: 4786: 4767: 4764: 4749:New York Times 4693:Main article: 4690: 4687: 4665:Common Program 4631:In 1945 after 4593: 4590: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4438: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4399: 4397:Related topics 4396: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4284: 4270: 4256: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4189:Silk Road Fund 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4150: 4149: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3976: 3971: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3920: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3869: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3823: 3822: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3778:Zhuang Rongwen 3775: 3767: 3766: 3760: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3742:Great Firewall 3727: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3717:Internal media 3712:Media of China 3709: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3690: 3689: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3670:People's Daily 3666: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656:Reference News 3647: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3592: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3551: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3524: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3433: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3398: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3217: 3208: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3160: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3063: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3046: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3023: 3010: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2985: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2884: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2821: 2820: 2819: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2760:Zhang Shengmin 2751: 2750: 2749: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2660:General Office 2654: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2649: 2646:Zhang Shengmin 2642: 2635: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2602: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2567:Military organ 2566: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2531:General Office 2528: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2503: 2502: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2464: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2445: 2438: 2431: 2423: 2411: 2398: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2366:Vice President 2364: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2266:Ethnic Affairs 2258: 2257: 2256: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2232: 2223: 2206: 2200: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2127:Zhang Shengmin 2118: 2117: 2116: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2039: 2038: 2030:General Office 2027: 2026: 2025: 2020:Office Chief: 2019: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1966: 1964: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1944:Office Chief: 1943: 1941: 1928:Vice-Chairman: 1927: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1897: 1895: 1886: 1879: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1857: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1573: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1294: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1248: 1239: 1224: 1218: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1141: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1086:Transcriptions 1079: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1023:Mongolian name 1020: 1019: 1012: 1006: 1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 989: 988: 984: 983: 980: 979: 972: 966: 965: 964:Transcriptions 957: 956: 951: 945: 944: 940: 939: 936: 935: 928: 922: 921: 915: 914: 913:Transcriptions 906: 905: 898: 892: 891: 884: 878: 877: 873: 872: 869: 868: 861: 855: 854: 848: 847: 846:Transcriptions 839: 838: 835: 831: 830: 810: 804: 803: 783: 777: 776: 772: 771: 768: 767: 759: 758: 751: 750: 746: 745: 739: 738: 734: 733: 710: 709: 705: 704: 686: 685: 677: 676: 672: 671: 666: 662: 661: 658: 651: 648: 647: 644: 641: 638: 637: 632: 625: 622: 621: 618: 615: 612: 611: 599: 591: 588: 587: 575: 569: 566: 565: 561: 560: 557: 555:Length of term 554: 551: 550: 549: 548: 540: 531: 522: 513: 504: 495: 486: 477: 468: 459: 448: 442: 439: 438: 430: 429: 428: 427: 421: 412: 403: 394: 385: 376: 367: 358: 349: 334: 331: 328: 327: 319: 318: 307: 303: 302: 298: 297: 286: 284: 279: 276: 275: 201:Zheng Jianbang 184: 182: 177: 174: 173: 162: 160: 155: 152: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 127:(70 years ago) 122: 118: 117: 113: 112: 106: 105: 103: 99: 98: 94: 93: 85: 84: 78: 77: 68: 64: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12276: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12217: 12207: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12193: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12149: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12132:Tricameralism 12130: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12035:South Ossetia 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12007:Non-UN states 12004: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11937:New Caledonia 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11882:Faroe Islands 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11837:Åland Islands 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11827:Dependent and 11824: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11542:Liechtenstein 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11462:Guinea-Bissau 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11271: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11221: 11213: 11208: 11206: 11201: 11199: 11194: 11193: 11190: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11168: 11160: 11159: 11156: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11122: 11118: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11106:South Ossetia 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11078: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10809: 10804: 10802: 10797: 10795: 10790: 10789: 10786: 10774: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10721: 10713: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10674: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10515: 10511: 10505: 10497: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10478:Minor parties 10476: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10444: 10441: 10437: 10436:Vice Premiers 10434: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10382:Vice Premiers 10380: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10372:State Council 10370: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10323: 10318: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10288: 10284: 10281: 10277: 10274: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10209: 10204: 10202: 10197: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10106: 10099: 10090: 10085: 10083: 10078: 10076: 10071: 10070: 10067: 10053: 10042: 10035: 10028: 10021: 10014: 10013:State Council 10008: 10006: 9954: 9951: 9943: 9941: 9933: 9931: 9923: 9921: 9913: 9911: 9910: 9903: 9879: 9877: 9869: 9867: 9862: 9853: 9852: 9849: 9838: 9823: 9821: 9810: 9796: 9794: 9764: 9762: 9751: 9737: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9711: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9554: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9416: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8816:State Council 8813: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8556: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8411: 8408: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8393: 8390: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8363: 8360: 8359:Yang Shangkun 8357: 8354: 8351: 8348: 8345: 8342: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8316:Shohrat Zakir 8314: 8311: 8310:Losang Jamcan 8308: 8305: 8304:Zhang Qingwei 8302: 8299: 8296: 8293: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8281: 8278: 8275: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8260: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8248: 8245: 8244:Wang Dongming 8242: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8208: 8207:Zhang Dejiang 8205: 8202: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8184: 8181: 8178: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8166: 8162: 8161:Song Qingling 8159: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8118: 8113: 8111: 8106: 8104: 8099: 8098: 8095: 8088: 8082: 8077: 8076: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8023: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8007: 7998: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7860: 7854:, p. 51. 7853: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7836: 7831: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7788: 7782: 7777: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7720: 7715: 7709: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7682: 7674: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7629: 7625: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7536: 7532: 7524: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7465: 7449: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7387: 7368: 7364: 7357: 7351: 7343: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7235: 7230: 7223: 7218: 7211: 7206: 7191: 7187: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7074: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7026: 7019: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6999: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6972:The Economist 6967: 6960: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6833: 6826:, p. 50. 6825: 6820: 6813: 6808: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6746: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6712: 6705: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6586: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6553: 6546: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6390:, p. 52. 6389: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6303: 6288: 6287: 6282: 6275: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6139: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6013:The Economist 6008: 6001: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5869: 5867: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5829: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5801:. Routledge. 5800: 5795: 5791: 5789:9781107172432 5785: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5706: 5697: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5634: 5629: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5504: 5495: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5422: 5417: 5414: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5383: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5355: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5290: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5200: 5197: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5169: 5166: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5138: 5135: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5107: 5104: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5076: 5073: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5019: 5014: 5011: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4979: 4976:Female % 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4859:State Council 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4772: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4709:State Council 4706: 4702: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4681:In 1954, the 4679: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4622:Paris Commune 4619: 4615: 4612:with another 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4503:State Council 4500: 4499:unified power 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4128:Spokespersons 4126: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3820:Ding Xuexiang 3817: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3700:Radio jamming 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3508: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3481: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3404:Wang Xiaohong 3401: 3397: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3238: 3237:Wang Dongfeng 3234: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3169: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2855:State Council 2853: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666:Zhong Shaojun 2663: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2656:Departments: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2597:Vice Chairmen 2595: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2469:Wang Xiaohong 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2442:Zhang Guoqing 2439: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428:Ding Xuexiang 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2414:Vice-Premiers 2412: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1899:Vice Chairmen 1896: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1768:Chinese Dream 1766: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1400: 1399:Civil service 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1374:Unified power 1372: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229:(since 2017) 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1002: 996: 994: 990: 985: 973: 971: 967: 962: 958: 952: 950: 946: 941: 932:Quánguó Réndà 929: 927: 923: 920: 916: 911: 907: 899: 897: 893: 885: 883: 879: 874: 862: 860: 856: 853: 849: 844: 840: 836: 832: 826: 823: 820: 817: 811: 809: 805: 799: 796: 793: 790: 784: 782: 778: 773: 769: 764: 756: 752: 747: 744: 740: 735: 731: 726: 711: 706: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 675:Meeting place 673: 670: 667: 665:Redistricting 663: 659: 655: 649: 645: 639: 636: 635:11 March 2023 633: 629: 623: 619: 613: 610: 607: 603: 600: 597: 596:voting system 594: 589: 586: 583: 579: 576: 573: 572:voting system 567: 562: 558: 552: 541: 538: 532: 529: 523: 520: 514: 511: 505: 502: 496: 493: 487: 484: 478: 475: 469: 466: 460: 457: 451: 450: 449: 445: 440: 436: 431: 422: 419: 413: 410: 404: 401: 395: 392: 386: 383: 377: 374: 368: 365: 359: 356: 350: 347: 343: 337: 336: 335: 329: 325: 320: 316: 311: 308: 304: 299: 293: 289: 285: 282: 277: 270: 269:Shohrat Zakir 265: 264:Losang Jamcan 260: 259:Zhang Qingwei 255: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 192: 191:Wang Dongming 187: 183: 180: 175: 169: 165: 161: 158: 153: 148: 145: 142: 138: 123: 119: 114: 109: 104: 100: 95: 91: 86: 83: 79: 62: 59: 55: 51: 44: 37: 33: 19: 12127:Bicameralism 12045:Transnistria 11972:Sint Maarten 11962:Saint Martin 11957:Saint Helena 11867:Cook Islands 11717:Sierra Leone 11697:Saudi Arabia 11356: 11337:Burkina Faso 11223:legislatures 11121:Dependencies 11051:Turkmenistan 11016:Saudi Arabia 10597:Heilongjiang 10460:United front 10340: 10307:Constitution 10226:Constitution 10110: 9749: 9661: 9565: 8560: 8389:Sheng Huaren 8298:Peng Qinghua 8262:Ding Zhongli 8238:Li Hongzhong 8164: 8123: 8058:. 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Zhen 8173:(1978–83) 8157:(1959–76) 8151:(1954–59) 7342:1080-6954 6981:0013-0613 6725:0362-4331 6608:0362-4331 6491:218957454 6483:0010-4140 6432:158645984 6424:0010-4140 6183:203545462 6167:0003-0554 6085:France 24 6022:0013-0613 5548:Presidium 5536:Presidium 5531:Structure 5434:Hong Kong 4889:Politburo 4658:A second 4489:) is the 4291:Hong Kong 4277:Hong Kong 4263:Hong Kong 3974:One China 3799:Hong Kong 3577:Li Shulei 3562:Li Shulei 3535:Li Shulei 3052:Ying Yong 3029:Zhang Jun 3025:President 2734:Wang Peng 2708:Zhang Lin 2624:Members: 2435:He Lifeng 2370:Han Zheng 2336:President 2320:Presidium 2229:Zhao Leji 2204:Elections 2162:Secretary 2110:Secretary 2081:Li Ganjie 2022:He Lifeng 1935:Zhao Leji 1785:Democracy 1710:Communism 1545:(to 2020) 1394:Elections 1339:Zhao Leji 757:(English) 604:modified 580:modified 564:Elections 301:Structure 241:Wu Weihua 164:Zhao Leji 12204:Politics 12091:Scotland 12015:Abkhazia 11907:Guernsey 11842:Anguilla 11757:Tanzania 11742:Suriname 11727:Slovakia 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