532:
of
Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes. For disputes between an employee and member firms, all three arbitrators are industry panelists, according to the industry code. For a given case, the two sides are provided separate lists by FINRA of ten local arbitrators for each category from which each party can strike up to four arbitrators and provide a ranking for the rest. Also provided are ten-year biographies and prior award histories for each arbitrator. FINRA will then provide the parties with the panel members by selecting the highest ranked available arbitrator from each category. Smaller claims are decided by one arbitrator and the smallest—claims of up to $ 50,000—may be decided through a Simplified Arbitration Process, with the arbitrator deciding the case by reviewing all the materials presented by the parties without an in-person hearing.
561:
would be making the program permanent. In that announcement, Richard
Ketchum, then-FINRA Chairman and chief executive officer stated "We believe that giving investors the ability to have an all-public panel will increase public confidence in the fairness of our dispute resolution process." There are those, however, who see valid reasons for including an industry arbitrator on each panel. According to Richard Jackson, a principal at the advisor firm of Schlindwein Associates, LLC "It's probably pretty important to have someone on the panel who has specific industry knowledge and past experience in that field to explain some of the complexities that may be at issue,"
480:
form FINRA. Each entity had its own set of rules on arbitration procedures. After its creation, FINRA Dispute
Resolution harmonized the prior NYSE and NASD rules.) Virtually all agreements between investors and their stockbrokers include mandatory arbitration agreements, whereby investors (and the brokerage firms) waive their right to trial in a court of law. While arbitration cases are the usual resolution procedure of last resort, class action cases are brought and often permitted to go forward in courts as well, where binding arbitration contracts are sometimes rejected, typically after being ruled unconscionable; see
443:
protection." In response, FINRA amended its rules in 2023 to make the process more stringent for brokers seeking expungement. The new rules require that expungement cases be decided unanimously by a three-member panel of public arbitrators with “enhanced expungement training” rather than the current sole arbitrator option. It also requires brokers to file straight-in requests within two years of the closing of a customer arbitration or civil litigation and requires earlier notification of customers and state regulators when brokers seek expungement while allowing state regulators to participate in straight-in requests.
2009:
468:, regulators with NASD and NYSE Regulation (later collectively known as FINRA) obtained supersized fines (i.e., fines over US$ 1 million) in 35 actions taken in 2005. In 2006, however, that number dropped to 19; furthermore, the number of enforcement actions over US$ 5 million also fell. In 2005, there were seven such actions as opposed to three in 2006. According to the written report, the "data suggest that securities regulators may have retrenched their efforts to regulate through the use of novel theories."
545:, or be represented by a non-attorney in arbitration. The third option is not advised, however, since this may be the unauthorized practice of law. Brokerage firms routinely hire attorneys, so a customer who does not can be at a serious disadvantage. One organization whose members specialize in representing customers against brokerage firms in FINRA arbitrations is the Public Investors Arbitration Bar Association (PIABA).
45:
535:
According to FINRA, Through July 2023, there were 1,914 new cases filed for arbitration. 163 customer claimant cases had been decided through July 2023 and in 26% of those cases, customers were awarded damages. FINRA rates any positive award to a customer as a win for the customer, regardless of the
479:
FINRA operates the largest arbitration forum in the United States for the resolution of disputes between customers and member firms, as well as between brokerage firm employees and their firms. This function had been performed by both NASD and NYSE's regulation committee until their merger in 2007 to
560:
was contemplating passing legislation preventing mandatory arbitration clauses, FINRA announced in July 2008 that it would be launching a pilot program to evaluate all-public arbitration panels (thus not requiring an industry arbitrator to be on each panel). In
February 2011, FINRA announced that it
277:
stock exchanges merged in 1998. Two years later, the NASDAQ underwent a major recapitalization and became an independent entity from NASD. In July 2007, the SEC approved the formation of a new SRO to be a successor to NASD. The NASD and the member regulation, enforcement and arbitration functions of
531:
For disputes over US$ 100,000 between customers and member firms, the panel that decides the case generally consists of three arbitrators: one industry (or, at the customer's timely discretion non-industry) panelist, one non-industry panelist, and one non-industry chairperson, according to the Code
426:
found that 7% of advisors industry-wide had been disciplined for misconduct. In 2017, Reuters analyzed FINRA data and found that a significant percentage of brokers with multiple disclosures on their record worked at 48 firms. While FINRA does not publicly identify or name individual firms as being
286:
FINRA’s Board comprises 22 industry and public members, with 10 seats designated for industry members, 11 seats designated for public members and one seat reserved for FINRA’s Chief
Executive Officer. The FINRA By-Laws provide that the number of public governors shall exceed the number of Industry
217:
The
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority is the largest independent regulator for all securities firms doing business in the United States. FINRA's mission is to protect investors by making sure the United States securities industry operates fairly and honestly. As of October 2023, FINRA oversaw
460:
FINRA had total revenues of US$ 1.34 billion in 2022. FINRA is funded primarily by assessments of member firms' registered representatives and applicants, annual fees paid by members, and by fines that it levies. The annual fee that each member pays includes a basic membership fee, an assessment
442:
called for FINRA to be more stringent about granting expungement requests for misconduct, stating, "...The study suggests that FINRA's current method of assessing expungement requests-which approves the vast majority of expungement requests-is failing to safeguard information needed for investor
322:
FINRA licenses individuals and admits firms to the industry, writes rules to govern their behavior, examines them for regulatory compliance, and is sanctioned by the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) to discipline registered representatives and member firms that fail to comply with
302:
As part of its regulatory authority, FINRA periodically conducts regulatory exams of its regulated institutions. FINRA publishes an annual report detailing its observations from the prior year's examinations in order to provide member firms with insight into findings from the recent oversight
552:
said of the NASD arbitration process: "What started out as a relatively swift and economical process for a public customer claimant to seek justice has evolved into a costly extended adversarial proceeding dominated by trial lawyers and the usual litigation tactics."
346:
for about a decade. In 2003, FINRA established an
Investor Education Foundation focused on providing underserved Americans with financial decision-making tools and education, as well as funding research into financial education and protection for American households.
486:. Although the fairness of such mandatory arbitration clauses has been called into question, U.S. federal courts have often found them to be lawful and have generally upheld both the enforceability and result of these arbitrations, except in the case of
224:
FINRA offers regulatory oversight over all securities firms that do business with the public, plus those offering professional training, testing, and licensing of registered persons, arbitration and mediation, market regulation by contract for the
323:
federal securities laws and FINRA's rules and regulations. It provides education and qualification examinations to industry professionals. It also sells outsourced regulatory products and services to a number of stock markets and exchanges; e.g.
413:
or named as a respondent or defendant in an arbitration or civil litigation in which the investment professional was alleged to have committed a sales practice violation, and which resulted in an award or civil judgment against the investment
1231:
341:
The NASD, later FINRA, publishes much educational information for the public and has been publishing and disclosing the education and exam requirements for USA based credentials, charters, designations and certifications that are offered by
395:
A disclosures section that contains information about any arbitration awards, disciplinary events and financial matters on the firm's record. Some of these items may involve pending actions or allegations that have not been resolved or
269:, which allowed it to supervise the conduct of its members subject to the oversight of the SEC. In 1971, NASD launched a new computerized stock trading system called the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (
451:
On behalf of state securities regulators, FINRA maintains the
Central Registration Depository (CRD), the central database containing records for all firms and individuals registered in the securities industry of the United States.
921:"Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating to the FINRA Regulation Board Composition and Conforming Changes to the FINRA Regulation By-Laws"
244:
FINRA was formed by a consolidation of the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock
Exchange, NYSE Regulation, Inc., and NASD. The merger was approved by the United States
1384:
287:
governors. The small firm governors, mid-size firm governor, and large-firm governors are elected by members of FINRA according to their classification as a small firm, mid-size firm, or large firm.
1720:"FINRA Manual - FINRA Rules - 12000. Code of Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes - Part IV Appointment, Disqualification, and Authority of Arbitrators - 12403. Cases with Three Arbitrators"
2043:
Securities regulators yesterday approved a merger between the enforcement arms of the New York Stock Exchange and the NASD, creating a single watchdog for brokers from Wall Street to Main Street
355:
FINRA publishes the background and experience of all licensed financial brokers, advisors and firms for free through the BrokerCheck website. The BrokerCheck Report for an individual contains:
386:
A firm profile that describes where and when the firm was established and lists the people and organizations that own controlling shares or directly influence the firm's daily operations.
261:
and, on August 7, 1939, was registered under the name National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. as a national securities association with the SEC under authority granted by the
410:
subject to a civil injunction involving investment-related activity or found in a civil court to have been involved in a violation of investment-related statutes or regulations;
2634:
295:
FINRA regulates trading in equities, corporate bonds, securities futures, and options. All firms dealing in securities that are not regulated by another SRO, such as by the
2644:
493:
As of 2023, the pool of arbitrators consisted of 4,236 individuals classified by FINRA as industry panelists and 4,037 individuals classified as non-industry panelists.
471:
FINRA issued $ 48.1 million in fines in 2022, down from $ 90.1 million in 2021, though the 2021 number was fueled by a record fine against Robinhood for $ 57 million.
17:
392:
A firm operations section that lists the firm's active licenses and registrations, the types of businesses it conducts and other details pertaining to its operations.
418:
Academic researchers, journalists and politicians rely on FINRA BrokerCheck data to document misconduct in the US Financial Industry. A 2016 research paper from the
362:
A list of registered securities firms where the individual is currently and/or was previously registered. The individual’s employment history for the last 10 years
338:(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) stock market in 1971. In 2006, NASD demutualized from NASDAQ by selling its ownership interest.
2070:
368:
A disclosure section that includes information about customer disputes, disciplinary events and certain criminal and financial matters on the individual’s record
2649:
304:
520:
870:"Testimony Of Mary Schapiro Vice-Chairman and President, Regulatory Policy and Oversight Before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs"
1344:
262:
2624:
1202:
1035:
365:
A qualifications section that includes a listing of the individual’s current registrations or licenses, if any, and industry exams they have passed.
1409:
221:
FINRA has approximately 4,200 employees and operates from Washington, D.C., and New York City, with 20 regional offices around the United States.
548:
In June 2006, Lewis D. Lowenfels, one of two partners at the New York law firm of Tolins & Lowenfels and co-author of the looseleaf treatise
1662:
1577:
570:
202:
1705:
1691:
1617:
963:
1873:
1255:
2502:
1517:
1977:
2063:
1130:
1080:
734:
2639:
2436:
602:
575:
1947:
1922:
631:
502:
1781:
1359:
587:
206:
938:
303:
activities of FINRA’s Member Supervision, Market Regulation and Enforcement programs. Topics covered in the 2023 report include
2563:
2056:
1831:
1635:
2654:
1757:
1210:
581:
296:
2492:
2178:
2034:
1154:
786:
2583:
694:
677:
1810:
1719:
2629:
465:
432:
246:
2318:
1587:
328:
238:
2537:
2325:
2243:
2193:
507:
461:
based on gross income, a fee for each principal and registered representative, and charge for each branch office.
2238:
612:
511:
266:
2108:
1011:
758:
428:
218:
3,394 brokerage firms, 149,887 branch offices and approximately 612,457 registered securities representatives.
2133:
427:"high-risk," they do have an internal unit dedicated to tracking high-risk firms. According to studies in the
2477:
2093:
2079:
1948:"SEC Approves FINRA Proposal to Give Investors Permanent Option of All Public Arbitration Panels - FINRA.org"
278:
the New York Stock Exchange were then consolidated into the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
2578:
2441:
2420:
1593:
1477:
653:
592:
343:
170:
1453:
464:
According to a study by Deborah G. Heilizer and Brian L. Rubin, partners at the Washington, D.C. law firm
2598:
2532:
2512:
2385:
2285:
2138:
1552:
1280:
497:
241:, LLC; and industry utilities, such as Trade Reporting Facilities and other over-the-counter operations.
182:
98:
2390:
987:
812:
2482:
2360:
2345:
2290:
2275:
2253:
2213:
2168:
1670:
632:"NASD and NYSE Member Regulation Combine to Form the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority – FINRA"
1306:
844:"The Institution of Experience: Self-Regulatory Organizations in the Securities Industry, 1792-2010"
2507:
2472:
2308:
2248:
2558:
2517:
2410:
2400:
2370:
2365:
2330:
2258:
2148:
2143:
1908:
1881:
423:
324:
274:
234:
226:
194:
1508:
843:
359:
A summary section that provides a brief overview of the investment professional and credentials.
2593:
2568:
2223:
2203:
2158:
2123:
1973:
607:
525:
2603:
2457:
2405:
2208:
2173:
2103:
1434:
1084:
419:
1809:
1507:
2588:
2522:
2497:
2487:
2335:
2295:
2265:
2098:
1059:
869:
539:
FINRA rules do not require parties to be represented by attorneys. A party may also appear
174:
126:
1951:
1926:
1131:"Actors Impersonating Federal Agents Called Seniors. About 12% Handed Over Sensitive Info"
1106:"Building a Financially Capable America Through Education and Research | Finra Foundation"
813:"Restated Certificate of Incorporation of National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc"
639:
8:
2340:
2188:
2153:
2118:
1692:"FINRA Manual - FINRA Rules - 12000. Code of Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes"
389:
A firm history that details any mergers, acquisitions or name changes affecting the firm.
920:
2542:
2527:
2380:
2375:
2008:
1811:"Is This Game Already Over? Critics Say Arbitration Panels Often Have Hidden Conflicts"
1733:
1326:
435:, FINRA approves 84% of requests for expungement of BrokerCheck disclosures. In 2019,
193:) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the
2228:
1923:"FINRA to Launch Pilot Program to Evaluate All-Public Arbitration Panels - FINRA.org"
1583:
1330:
942:
2218:
319:, complex products, Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI) and Form CRS and mobile apps.
2313:
1828:
1318:
1281:"Wall Street's Self-Regulator Blocks Public Scrutiny of Firms with Tainted Brokers"
439:
400:
After 10 years, an individual will only remain in BrokerCheck system if they were:
312:
81:
1322:
894:
2462:
2395:
2300:
2128:
1835:
198:
2048:
383:
A summary section that provides a brief overview of the firm and its background.
2350:
2280:
2183:
2163:
2113:
2020:
Research the background and experience of financial brokers, advisers and firms
178:
1904:
2618:
2573:
1155:"Senate Hearing on Financial Literacy Needs for Older Americans | C-SPAN.org"
1036:"FINRA Publishes 2023 Report on Exam and Risk Monitoring Program | FINRA.org"
557:
482:
316:
1410:"Finra adopts reforms to make it tougher for brokers to clear their records"
597:
487:
308:
1618:"An Outline of the FINRA Arbitration Process For Customer-Broker Disputes"
2270:
109:
1256:"Study: Some 20% of Oppenheimer financial advisers cited for misconduct"
1360:"Finra's New Hurdles for Broker Expungements to Take Effect in October"
1874:"Bromberg and Lowenfels on Securities Fraud and Commodities Fraud, 2d"
2415:
2198:
376:
1060:"Nasdaq's Pursuit of Exchange Status and an Initial Public Offering"
550:
Bromberg and Lowenfels on Securities Fraud and Commodities Fraud, 2d
2233:
1105:
716:
1345:"Warren Calls for Transparency as FINRA Updates Expungement Rules"
528:. Thus, many securities disputes are now resolved in arbitration.
2355:
1178:
820:
436:
2015:
541:
335:
270:
230:
1179:"BrokerCheck - Find a broker, investment or financial advisor"
524:, extending the arbitration requirement to disputes under the
1307:"Deleting misconduct: The expungement of BrokerCheck records"
735:"What the Broker-Dealer Industry Looks Like Now, in 5 Charts"
44:
1509:"Finra turns a profit, helped by investments, fee increases"
407:
convicted of or pled guilty or no contest to certain crimes;
2467:
2002:
1385:"Expungement of Customer Dispute Information | FINRA.org"
964:"Composition and Qualifications of the Board | FINRA.org"
102:
2027:
1848:
850:. Securities and Exchange Commission Historical Society
311:— fair pricing, fractional shares and Regulation SHO,
299:(MSRB), are required to be member firms of the FINRA.
55:
National Association of Securities Dealers (1939–2007)
2635:
Financial regulatory authorities of the United States
2035:"SEC Approves One Watchdog for Brokers Big and Small"
787:"SEC Approves One Watchdog For Brokers Big and Small"
521:
Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express Inc.
290:
1911:
from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
895:"Tips for Choosing the Best Forex Brokers in the UK"
150:
571:
Securities market participants in the United States
514:were enforceable. Three years later, it overturned
371:
The individual’s most recently submitted comment(s)
169:) is a private American corporation that acts as a
2645:Self-regulatory organizations in the United States
1974:"Finra proposal on public arbitration wins praise"
1579:The Practitioner's Guide to Securities Arbitration
1305:Honigsberg, Colleen; Jacob, Matthew (March 2021).
928:(Release No. 34-59962; File No. SR-FINRA-2009-020)
446:
201:agency that acts as the ultimate regulator of the
2078:
1582:. Chicago: American Bar Association. p. 17.
926:. Security and Exchange Commission. May 21, 2009.
2616:
1612:
1610:
187:National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
1902:
1576:Doss, Jason R.; Frankowski, Richard S. (2013).
1553:"Report on Use of 2022 Fine Monies | FINRA.org"
1304:
27:American financial self-regulatory organization
1940:
1915:
1803:
1801:
1657:
1655:
1575:
1538:"'Supersized’ fines on the wane, study says",
2650:Trade associations based in the United States
2064:
2028:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
1607:
257:The NASD was founded on September 3, 1936 as
37:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
2503:Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
1407:
598:ACT (Automated Confirmation of Transactions)
334:NASD, the predecessor of FINRA, founded the
2437:Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
1849:"Public Investors Advocate Bar Association"
1798:
1782:"Dispute Resolution Statistics | FINRA.org"
1758:"Dispute Resolution Statistics | FINRA.org"
1712:
1652:
1636:"Dispute Resolution Statistics | FINRA.org"
711:
709:
707:
2071:
2057:
2007:
603:Securities regulation in the United States
576:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
18:National Association of Securities Dealers
1807:
503:Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon
404:the subject of a final regulatory action;
2625:1936 establishments in the United States
1896:
1505:
704:
588:American Academy of Financial Management
2032:
1838:, "Do I need a lawyer for arbitration?"
1435:"Central Registration Depository (CRD)"
784:
207:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
163:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
14:
2617:
2564:Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange
1706:"Regulation and compliance management"
1408:Schoeff, Jr., Mark (August 14, 2023).
654:"FINRA Board of Governors | FINRA.org"
2493:Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange
2052:
1808:Morgenson, Gretchen (June 18, 2006).
1357:
1211:US Securities and Exchange Commission
1012:"4 Top FINRA Exam Priorities in 2023"
582:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
297:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
281:
1903:SenRussFeingold (25 November 2008).
556:Perhaps amidst speculation that the
2584:Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange
1971:
1905:"Feingold on Mandatory Arbitration"
536:magnitude of losses or legal fees.
466:Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP
259:Investment Bankers Conference, Inc.
24:
1478:"FINRA 2019 Annual Budget Summary"
1454:"FINRA Posts $ 218M Loss for 2022"
1451:
1128:
988:"Municipal Securities | FINRA.org"
695:"FINRA 2023 Annual Budget Summary"
678:"FINRA 2023 Annual Budget Summary"
433:University of California, Berkeley
291:Regulation and licensure functions
247:Securities and Exchange Commission
25:
2666:
2640:Organizations established in 1936
2319:International Securities Exchange
2139:Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires
2033:Johnson, Carrie (July 27, 2007).
1994:
1520:from the original on July 2, 2013
1358:Rozen, Miriam (August 14, 2023).
785:Johnson, Carrie (July 27, 2007).
455:
329:International Securities Exchange
239:International Securities Exchange
2538:The International Stock Exchange
2326:National Stock Exchange of India
2244:Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
2194:China Financial Futures Exchange
2179:Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia
185:. FINRA is the successor to the
43:
2239:Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange
1980:from the original on 2010-10-07
1965:
1866:
1841:
1829:NASD Frequently Asked Questions
1822:
1774:
1750:
1726:
1698:
1684:
1663:"Dispute Resolution Statistics"
1628:
1569:
1545:
1532:
1506:Jamieson, Dan (June 28, 2013).
1499:
1470:
1445:
1427:
1401:
1377:
1351:
1337:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1232:"About BrokerCheck | FINRA.org"
1224:
1195:
1171:
1147:
1122:
1098:
1073:
1052:
1028:
1004:
980:
956:
931:
913:
887:
862:
836:
613:List of Securities Examinations
512:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
447:Central Registration Depository
267:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
2356:Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)
2109:Australian Securities Exchange
1311:Journal of Financial Economics
805:
778:
751:
727:
687:
670:
646:
624:
474:
429:Journal of Financial Economics
350:
13:
1:
2478:Cayman Islands Stock Exchange
2144:Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago
2094:Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
2080:World Federation of Exchanges
1624:. Atlanta, GA. 20 April 2011.
1323:10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.10.002
618:
375:The BrokerCheck report for a
273:) stock market. The NYSE and
2655:United States securities law
2579:Canadian Securities Exchange
2569:Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario
2442:Options Clearing Corporation
2421:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
2149:Bolsa de Valores de Colombia
593:Alternative display facility
171:self-regulatory organization
7:
2533:Port Moresby Stock Exchange
2513:Nairobi Securities Exchange
2386:Stock Exchange of Mauritius
2286:London Stock Exchange Group
564:
498:United States Supreme Court
263:1938 Maloney Act amendments
212:
10:
2671:
2391:Stock Exchange of Thailand
1622:Smiley Bishop & Porter
939:"FINRA Board of Governors"
252:
205:, including FINRA, is the
2630:Arbitration organizations
2551:
2483:Chittagong Stock Exchange
2450:
2429:
2361:Shanghai Futures Exchange
2346:Philippine Stock Exchange
2291:Luxembourg Stock Exchange
2276:Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
2254:Intercontinental Exchange
2214:Dalian Commodity Exchange
2159:Bolsa Mexicana de Valores
2086:
145:
135:
119:
88:
77:
59:
51:
42:
35:
2508:Multi Commodity Exchange
2473:Bucharest Stock Exchange
2309:Muscat Securities Market
2249:Indonesia Stock Exchange
2154:Bolsa de Valores de Lima
759:"2022 Industry Snapshot"
249:(SEC) on July 26, 2007.
233:Stock Market, Inc., the
203:U.S. securities industry
2559:Barbados Stock Exchange
2518:Namibian Stock Exchange
2411:Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
2401:Taiwan Futures Exchange
2371:Shenzhen Stock Exchange
2366:Shanghai Stock Exchange
2331:Nigerian Stock Exchange
2259:New York Stock Exchange
1110:www.finrafoundation.org
510:for disputes under the
506:that clauses mandating
424:University of Minnesota
325:American Stock Exchange
235:American Stock Exchange
227:New York Stock Exchange
195:New York Stock Exchange
2594:Jamaica Stock Exchange
2224:Dubai Financial Market
2204:Colombo Stock Exchange
2124:Bermuda Stock Exchange
1734:"Overview | FINRA.org"
608:List of finance topics
526:Securities Act of 1933
65:; 17 years ago
2604:Sydney Stock Exchange
2458:Beirut Stock Exchange
2406:Taiwan Stock Exchange
2209:Cyprus Stock Exchange
2134:BME Spanish Exchanges
2104:Athens Stock Exchange
1183:brokercheck.finra.org
848:www.sechistorical.org
420:University of Chicago
2589:Ghana Stock Exchange
2523:Nepal Stock Exchange
2498:Hanoi Stock Exchange
2488:Dhaka Stock Exchange
2296:Malta Stock Exchange
2266:Japan Exchange Group
2169:Bourse de Casablanca
2099:Amman Stock Exchange
305:manipulative trading
2599:PFTS Stock Exchange
2189:Cboe Global Markets
2119:BATS Global Markets
2039:The Washington Post
1884:on 14 December 2007
1203:"Using BrokerCheck"
901:. 23 September 2016
791:The Washington Post
32:
2543:Ukrainian Exchange
2528:Palestine Exchange
2381:SIX Swiss Exchange
2376:Singapore Exchange
1972:Schoeff, Mark Jr.
1834:2007-07-20 at the
282:Board of governors
63:July 30, 2007
30:
2612:
2611:
2229:Egyptian Exchange
2174:BSE India Limited
1542:, October 3, 2007
1516:. Bonhill Group.
1129:Corbin, Kenneth.
899:FXdailyReport.Com
159:
158:
16:(Redirected from
2662:
2129:BM&F Bovespa
2073:
2066:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2022:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2003:Official website
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1950:. Archived from
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1925:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1880:. Archived from
1878:west.thomson.com
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1669:. Archived from
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1592:. Archived from
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1347:. 22 March 2019.
1341:
1335:
1334:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1083:. Archived from
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
941:. Archived from
935:
929:
927:
925:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
874:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
817:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
763:
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
731:
725:
724:
713:
702:
701:
699:
691:
685:
684:
682:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
650:
644:
643:
638:. Archived from
628:
440:Elizabeth Warren
313:financial crimes
183:exchange markets
155:
152:
130:
97:Robert W. Cook (
82:Washington, D.C.
73:
71:
66:
47:
33:
29:
21:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2547:
2463:Bourse de Tunis
2446:
2425:
2396:Taipei Exchange
2301:Moscow Exchange
2082:
2077:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1836:Wayback Machine
1827:
1823:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1540:Investment News
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1462:
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1433:
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1418:
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1414:Investment News
1406:
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1393:
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1366:
1356:
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1343:
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1215:
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1196:
1187:
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1176:
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1153:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1135:www.barrons.com
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1058:
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1053:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
986:
985:
981:
972:
970:
962:
961:
957:
948:
946:
937:
936:
932:
923:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
872:
868:
867:
863:
853:
851:
842:
841:
837:
827:
825:
815:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
783:
779:
770:
768:
761:
757:
756:
752:
743:
741:
733:
732:
728:
715:
714:
705:
697:
693:
692:
688:
680:
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
652:
651:
647:
630:
629:
625:
621:
567:
477:
458:
449:
353:
327:(AMEX) and the
293:
284:
255:
215:
199:U.S. government
179:brokerage firms
149:
138:
125:
122:
115:
91:
84:, United States
69:
67:
64:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2668:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2552:Correspondents
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
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2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
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2445:
2444:
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2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Qatar Exchange
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Korea Exchange
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:Deutsche Börse
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Bursa Malaysia
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Borsa Istanbul
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Bahrain Bourse
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2016:"Broker Check"
1996:
1995:External links
1993:
1991:
1990:
1964:
1939:
1914:
1895:
1865:
1840:
1821:
1818:. p. BU1.
1816:New York Times
1797:
1773:
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1683:
1651:
1627:
1606:
1588:
1568:
1544:
1531:
1514:InvestmentNews
1498:
1469:
1452:Berman, Jeff.
1444:
1426:
1400:
1376:
1350:
1336:
1317:(3): 800–831.
1297:
1272:
1260:InvestmentNews
1247:
1223:
1194:
1170:
1159:www.c-span.org
1146:
1121:
1097:
1072:
1051:
1027:
1003:
979:
955:
930:
912:
886:
861:
835:
804:
777:
750:
726:
703:
686:
669:
645:
642:on 2009-11-24.
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
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590:
585:
579:
573:
566:
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518:completely in
476:
473:
457:
456:Size and scale
454:
448:
445:
416:
415:
411:
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398:
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379:firm contains
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2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
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2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Boursa Kuwait
2572:
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2541:
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2334:
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2320:
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2307:
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2302:
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2289:
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2279:
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2267:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
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2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
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2222:
2220:
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2210:
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2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
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2162:
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2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
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2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1954:on 2011-04-14
1953:
1949:
1943:
1929:on 2011-12-09
1928:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1787:
1786:www.finra.org
1783:
1777:
1763:
1762:www.finra.org
1759:
1753:
1739:
1738:www.finra.org
1735:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1673:on 2011-08-24
1672:
1668:
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1658:
1656:
1641:
1640:www.finra.org
1637:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1596:on 2014-09-30
1595:
1591:
1589:9781614387596
1585:
1581:
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1558:
1557:www.finra.org
1554:
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1473:
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1415:
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1404:
1390:
1389:www.finra.org
1386:
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1308:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1261:
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1251:
1237:
1236:www.finra.org
1233:
1227:
1212:
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1204:
1198:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1087:on 2012-10-06
1086:
1082:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1041:
1040:www.finra.org
1037:
1031:
1017:
1013:
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993:
992:www.finra.org
989:
983:
969:
968:www.finra.org
965:
959:
945:on 2013-07-28
944:
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922:
916:
900:
896:
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871:
865:
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839:
823:
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814:
808:
793:. p. D02
792:
788:
781:
767:
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754:
740:
736:
730:
722:
718:
717:"About FINRA"
712:
710:
708:
696:
690:
679:
673:
659:
655:
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637:
633:
627:
623:
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594:
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
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574:
572:
569:
568:
562:
559:
558:U.S. Congress
554:
551:
546:
544:
543:
537:
533:
529:
527:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
496:In 1987, the
494:
491:
489:
488:class actions
485:
484:
483:Wilko v. Swan
472:
469:
467:
462:
453:
444:
441:
438:
434:
431:and from the
430:
425:
421:
414:professional.
412:
409:
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401:
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391:
388:
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367:
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361:
358:
357:
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348:
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339:
337:
332:
330:
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320:
318:
317:cybersecurity
314:
310:
306:
300:
298:
288:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
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248:
242:
240:
237:LLC, and the
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208:
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196:
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188:
184:
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176:
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1952:the original
1942:
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1927:the original
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1886:. Retrieved
1882:the original
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1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
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1815:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
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1761:
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1737:
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1594:the original
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1513:
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1484:
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1458:ThinkAdvisor
1457:
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1429:
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1413:
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1388:
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1363:
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1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1264:. Retrieved
1262:. 2016-03-11
1259:
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1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1207:Investor.gov
1206:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1173:
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1158:
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1138:. Retrieved
1134:
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1113:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:the original
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1062:. 2006-05-17
1054:
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1039:
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1016:ThinkAdvisor
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765:
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