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collection is the drainage of the
Everglades and the development of South Florida lands. Additional topics include real estate, race relations, education, labor unions, liquor, taxes, transportation, waterways, railways, and Broward's campaigns for governor and the U.S. Senate. The collection comprises incoming and outgoing correspondence, speeches, news clippings, campaign material, photographs (including images of dredging operations), legislative material, and legal documents. There are a small number of articles, pamphlets, circulars, and other publications pertaining to the drainage of the Everglades, dredging equipment, forestry, sugar, and waterways. In addition to the incoming and outgoing correspondence, there are four bound letterbooks containing letters written by Broward in 1905-1909. Correspondents include numerous real estate developers, business leaders, representatives of state and federal agencies, and Florida politicians such as
749:, then considered useless swamp, as white settlers did not understand its ecology or relation to water table and habitat. Early in his term, Broward was attacked often and by many different people for his drainage program and for the land tax he instituted to pay for it. One newspaper noted, "The treasury will be drained before the Everglades." As drainage progressed, Broward began taking his fiercest opponents for "ocular displays" in the Glades, showing them the work that had been done and how it was progressing. John Beard, one of Broward's most effective opponents, was eventually convinced by one of these trips that the land was fertile and that drainage was working. Broward retaliated against Frank Stoneman, publisher of the predecessor of the
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922:. Whites would not be allowed to live in the new nation, and blacks would not be allowed to return to live in the United States. "The white people have no time to make excuses for the shortcomings of the negro," he said. "And the negro has less inclination to work for one and be directed by one he considers exacting, to the extent that he must do a good day's work or pay for the bill of goods sold to him."
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his railroad ties. Broward appealed to few urban voters and no business interests, while Davis could not win support among farmers or rural voters. On election day, Broward's rural voters gave him the primary victory by only 600 votes out of 45,000. The general election some weeks later was uneventful, and
Broward was inaugurated on January 3, 1905.
846:, and Broward planned to attend. For months, Broward was mentioned in newspapers throughout the South as a potential candidate for the vice presidency, and he was nationally known for his drainage work and for his earlier filibustering. Upon arrival in Denver, he was greeted by banners reading: "Bryan, Broward, and Bread." An editorial in the
733:. Broward came out strongly in favor of drainage, calling the ground "the fabulous muck." While campaigning, he carried an elevation map of the various parts of the Everglades. If Broward found that he was losing an argument over drainage, he would point to his map and say, "Water will run downhill!"
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Broward tackled other problems, as well – he worked to emphasize education and upgrade the state universities. His appointees assessed them as not offering much beyond the high-school level. He also helped guide a reorganization bill through the legislature that closed some of the schools and set up
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under cover of darkness in secluded locations, hiding her behind larger ships as she left the St. Johns, and picking up Cubans and munitions from other ships at various points near the mouth of the river. Except when trying to evade capture, Broward never pretended not to be a filibusterer. He gained
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These remarks prompted a series of voices to call for removal of the statue of
Broward from the Broward County Courthouse. County Mayor Barbara Sharief said she "would be open to discussion about renaming the county if it's what people want to do," although she said shortly afterward that "we're not
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Broward had long supported a primary election system to replace the state's convention system, which was controlled by a small clique headed by
Flagler. A strong law was drawn up in the House, which Broward enthusiastically supported, but after the Senate weakened the bill substantially, he withdrew
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Broward married his captain's daughter (Georgiana
Carolina "Carrie" Kemp) in January 1883. That spring, he applied for a license to pilot ships over the St. Johns Bar, a constantly shifting sandbar that stretched across the mouth of the St. Johns, sometimes above water and sometimes many feet below.
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In
September, 2017, a Broward County lawyer, Bill Gelin, published an excerpt of a forgotten document that Broward wrote during his term and may have delivered as a speech. He called upon Congress "to purchase territory, either domestic or foreign, and provide means to purchase the property of the
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Davis and
Broward easily moved ahead into the second primary, and the campaign grew fiercer, with Davis at one point saying, "Mr. Broward is a man of but little ability and no intellectual brilliance whatever!" Broward used Davis's congressional record to repeatedly attack his voting in support of
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Broward was never wealthy, and in fact, frequently found himself in debt for one reason or another. The liberal forces in the state did not have great financial backing, while the conservative forces controlled most of the money and most of the newspapers in the state, as well as the major cities.
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declared war on Spain. Several times
Broward was nearly caught and destroyed by Spanish gunboats. Aware of Broward's identity, the Spanish ambassador to the United States demanded that the American be stopped and his ship impounded. U.S. authorities tried to catch him, but Broward eluded them by
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to the post. Milton pledged not to run for the seat in
November, but Broward soon announced that he was a candidate, an arrangement that was much-criticized, but took to the stump against his opponents, among them were his old adversary John Beard, along with a former political ally, Jacksonville
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Broward introduced a bill to the legislature in 1905 directing the state to provide life insurance for its citizens, and setting up an
Insurance Commission and a cabinet-level post to go along with the program. The legislature voted the bill down with little debate. Broward supported measures to
722:, the railroad (and hence Flagler) candidate, while the two other candidates presented smaller threats. Broward hit Davis early and throughout the election for being a railroad man. Davis and the city newspapers generally derided Broward as an idiot as well as a liberal whose time had passed.
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The George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida, Gainesville, has a collection of Broward archival records, described as "The Broward Papers date from 1879 to 1918, but the bulk of the papers coincide with the gubernatorial term from 1905 to 1909. The major subject covered in the
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when elected.) The Antis continued to struggle for power and two years later, the split between the two camps became even more severe. The Antis the Straightouts accused each other of voter fraud, complaining to the secretary of state and the governor. Anti sympathizers held most of the state
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Broward established his reputation as a good pilot and captain. In January 1888, a major prison break disgraced the city's sheriff, who was subsequently removed from office. The county Democratic leadership convened and nominated Broward as the best man to become the new sheriff. The governor
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Broward accepted the Democratic nomination for the State House and was elected almost without opposition. In the House, Broward supported many progressive initiatives, including a state dispensary bill and a law allowing insanity as grounds for divorce (at the request of powerful developer
895:"Today there are thousands who, like the 'Times-Union,' always opposed the big man so recently crowned with laurel and now clothed in a shroud, who see so clearly the qualities that all admired, that past differences refuse to intrude, and the opponent craves a place among the mourners."
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The main aspect of his legacy was the draining of the Everglades, now recognized as perhaps the biggest environmental folly in American history. Broward's supporters however believe these efforts were integral to establishing the Florida citrus industry as an international powerhouse.
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The second primary campaign proved scarcely more interesting, though Broward took to the stump, traveling throughout the state. After an exciting election-eve rally at which Broward's supporters got so carried away that Taliaferro left in disgust, Broward pulled out a victory.
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The 1908 election results were not all bad for Broward. Fletcher as senator was still a mild progressive and maintained his long friendship with Broward. Gilchrist proved to be much more liberal in the role of governor and became an avid supporter of draining the Everglades.
867:'s Senate seat was up for election. Big-city newspapers endorsed Taliaferro for re-election, but Broward soon entered the race against him. The race, expected to be an exciting showdown, proved to be such a bore that election news was pushed off the front page by coverage of
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Broward was not naïve when it came to politics. As a Straightout and a supporter of the "common man," Broward naturally opposed Flagler's control of the party nominating system in the state. It tended to produce Democratic candidates from the Anti faction. As Florida had
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most blacks and was essentially a one-party state, Anti control of the party nominating system effectively meant Anti control of the state government. Broward was smart enough to sponsor Flagler's requested divorce bill, but still wanted to wrest power from the big man.
691:. During the summer of 1903, he decided to run for the governorship, as he had been approached numerous times during the spring and the summer about running for the office. As the party was hard pressed to find another liberal candidate, he agreed to run for office.
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Broward soon took an active part in city politics. In the early 1890s, the Democratic Party in Florida was undergoing some internal strife. Two factions developed in Jacksonville that eventually became the major statewide camps, the Antis and the
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Broward gained national prominence through this massive program. As his administration progressed, Broward became more involved with legislators and officials in Washington, gaining federal funds for the drainage project. Eventually, he brought
835:. Fletcher was an old liberal, and though now more conservative than Broward, the two men still agreed on many things. Gilchrist was much feared as a railroad man. Broward campaigned as much for Stockton for governor as he did for himself.
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After gaining experience in the north as a ship's mate, in 1878 Broward returned to Jacksonville and took a job working tugboats on the St. Johns River. He became acquainted with many of the captains and shipping operations.
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notoriety around the state for his daring deeds. However, Broward did take precautions against having his cargo intercepted by the Spanish, such as concealing arms and munitions inside shipments of groceries to the island.
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While working on the ship, he met the young daughter of a fellow boat captain, Annie Isabell Douglass, a frequent passenger and the two were married in 1887. The couple ended up having eight daughters and one son:
882:, which had been a concern for some months, though Broward had been too busy for surgery. He was in the hospital for a few days, and died just before he was to enter surgery. He was buried on October 4.
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Broward seemed destined for a life of comfort until his wife died a day after giving birth to his son in late October 1883. The son, also named Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, would only live for six weeks.
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and show them their top ends were meant to be used for something better than hatracks. I'm going to make 'em sit up and think. They won't mind mistakes in grammar if they find I'm talking horse sense."
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In 1896, the Straightouts offered to nominate Broward for sheriff, but he was busy with his filibustering operation and declined. In 1900, the war ended and his filibustering days were over.
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telegraphed from his home, that he wanted a Midwesterner, rather than a Southerner. Although the crowd at the convention continued to back Broward, Bryan was able to name his own candidate.
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Broward and Stockton both lost. Newspapers statewide loudly proclaimed the end of the Broward era, and the Everglades drainage project seemed doomed, but Broward was not through. The
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wrote, "If Mr. Bryan has given any symptoms of being worthy of this distinction then we are utterly at a loss to know it; it must be a weighty secret hidden in the governor's brain."
507:. He stayed in that region for two years, working on ships along the New England coast and coming home a stout young man, standing six foot two and weighing over two hundred pounds.
824:. Beard and Fletcher attacked Broward throughout the campaign, but the former governor prevailed in the first primary, and entered the second primary campaign against Fletcher.
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Broward's parents both died when he was still quite young. Broward, along with his brother, tended the family farm for a few years before moving into the city with their uncle.
797:, Mallory's campaign manager and already a candidate for the seat, to fill the vacancy. Newspapers criticized his selection of Bryan, who was only 31 at the time. The
446:, to recover land for agricultural cultivation. As governor, he built alliances with the federal government to gain funds for this project. In 1915, the newly formed
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a commission to determine where the remaining schools should be located. A fight ensued about where to locate the major state university, which at the time was in
702:"I don't intend to go after the cities. Their newspapers are against me and they don't take me seriously. But I'm going to stump every crossroads village between
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609:. Located on Fort George Island, the proprietors of the boat-building company were John Joseph Daly and Charles Scammell. During the construction, Cuban
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Exhausted by the campaign, Broward retired with his family to his home on Fort George Island near Jacksonville. Late in September, Broward fell ill with
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Called "An arms smuggler as well as a racist," in 1907 Broward proposed that every black person be physically evicted from the state." According to the
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down to the Glades for a trip through the drainage areas. Roosevelt was an avid supporter of drainage and became an important advocate for the program.
617:. Broward was approached by a prominent member of Jacksonville's Cuban community about shipping a load of munitions and some Cuban expatriates from
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appointed him to the post on February 27. In less than a month, Broward gained statewide notoriety for breaking up gambling operations in the city.
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as the new site for the flagship state university. Residents in both cities complained that the commission members had been bought off.
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Barszewski, Larry; Olmeda, Rafael (October 10, 2017). "'Racist' statue of Broward County's namesake to be removed from courthouse".
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negroes at a reasonable price and to transport them to the territory purchased by the United States," similar to the goals of the
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Proctor, S. (1947). Napoleon B. Broward: The Years to the Governorship. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 26(2), 117–134.
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In the election of 1892, the Straightouts, under Broward's leadership, swept the city offices: Broward's close friends,
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and agrarians. Broward joined the Straightout camp. In this period, Populists, sometimes in biracial alliances with
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offices, and the Antis won out. Broward was replaced by a new appointee when the Antis regained power in the city.
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spoke very favorably of him, concluding that he was an excellent choice for the position. Presidential nominee
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430:(April 19, 1857 – October 1, 1910) was an American river pilot, captain, and politician. He was elected as the
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during the summer. In 1876, having graduated high school, Broward became a ship's mate and traveled to
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Barzewski, Larry (October 19, 2017). "Family says there's more to Gov. Broward than just one speech".
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Broward's friend John Stockton advanced to the second primary in the governor's race, against General
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Broward did not run for the House again in 1902 because he was busy with a salvage operation in the
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Napoleon Bonaparte Broward collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.
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create a state textbook commission, reform the state hospital system, regulate the accounting
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The statue was removed during the night of October 18–19, 2017, and placed in storage.
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Broward first worked on the river with this uncle, Joe Parsons, doing odd jobs on his
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1258:. University of Florida Smathers Libraries - Special and Area Studies Collections
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771:. The Control Board (consisting of Broward and the cabinet) eventually selected
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who opposed the drainage, by refusing to certify his election as circuit judge.
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In 1895, Broward, his brother, and an associate began building a new steamboat,
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By 1885, he was back on the St. Johns, piloting his father-in-law's steamboat
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considering that at this time" and "I don't even want to go down that road."
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1019:"Broward County's Watery Relationship With The Everglades Over A Century"
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Broward began campaigning immediately. His strongest opponent was
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shipped out of Jacksonville on her maiden voyage, bound for Cuba.
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Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives
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His childhood was spent on a series of family farms along the
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Piloting ships over the treacherous bar was quite lucrative.
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drainage, a program first examined by the sitting governor,
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and died in March, shocking the state. Broward appointed
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Finding Florida. The True History of the Sunshine State
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1286:Broward's Collection at the University of Florida.
1256:"A Guide to the Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Papers"
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914:, Broward was "an unapologetic segregationist."
552:Elizabeth Hutchison Broward Crawford (1906–1992)
943:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (Dames Point) Bridge
662:). The most important law he supported was the
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1793:People of the American colonization movement
1150:Marjory Stoneman Douglas: Voice of the River
972:is named for his wife Annie Isabell Broward.
549:Florida Douglass Broward Segrest (1904–1988)
811:In February 1908, Senator Bryan contracted
745:Broward's biggest push as governor was for
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1281:Governor Broward's official state portrait
1148:Douglas, Marjory; Rothchild, John (1987).
555:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward III (1910–1989)
212:January 3, 1905 – January 5, 1909
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543:Ella Jeanette Broward Shevlin (1899–1961)
531:Annie Dorcas Broward Starrett (1889–1923)
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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951:More than 30 roads in Florida, notably,
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625:. Broward agreed, and in January 1896,
540:Elsie Hortense Broward Dumas (1896–1948)
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725:The greatest issue in the campaign was
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546:Agnes Carolyn Broward Craig (1901–1995)
465:. He was allied with the Straightouts,
1763:Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
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1753:Democratic Party governors of Florida
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1192:Olmeda, Rafael (September 29, 2017).
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670:his support. The bill passed anyway.
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613:began fighting for independence from
534:Josephine Broward Beckley (1892–1970)
1047:http://www.jstor.org/stable/30138642
793:died suddenly and Broward appointed
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537:Enid Lyle Broward Hardee (1894–1943)
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
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840:1908 Democratic National Convention
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1798:History of Broward County, Florida
1365:January 3, 1905 – January 5, 1909
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1783:20th-century American politicians
1778:19th-century American politicians
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453:Broward previously served as the
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278:February 27, 1888 – 1894
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244:Florida House of Representatives
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16:American politician (1857–1910)
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1152:. Pineapple Press. pp. 98-99.
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1110:"Napoleon Bonaparte Broward"
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1788:American white supremacists
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964:Florida State University
477:Early life and education
450:was named in his honor.
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349:Georgiana Carolina Kemp
1086:Atlantic Monthly Press
953:Florida State Road 842
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807:After the governorship
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380:Annie Isabell Douglass
1080:Allman, T.D. (2013).
970:University of Florida
947:Jacksonville, Florida
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683:Campaign for governor
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322:Jacksonville, Florida
305:Duval County, Florida
266:Duval County, Florida
147:United States Senator
60:"Napoleon B. Broward"
1410:Governors of Florida
968:A residence hall at
962:A residence hall at
560:Political beginnings
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1371:Albert W. Gilchrist
1361:Governor of Florida
1354:William S. Jennings
1339:Albert W. Gilchrist
1327:Governor of Florida
1291:Napoleon B. Broward
937:Named for Broward:
888:Florida Times-Union
817:William Hall Milton
795:William James Bryan
731:William S. Jennings
235:Albert W. Gilchrist
223:William S. Jennings
200:Governor of Florida
1346:Political offices
1027:. December 2, 2014
822:Duncan U. Fletcher
786:In December 1907,
650:Return to politics
586:John N.C. Stockton
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607:The Three Friends
601:Cuban involvement
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1138:. June 28, 2012.
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
50:
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40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1596:
1498:(since 1845)
1448:Territorial
1359:
1325:nominee for
1321:
1295:Find a Grave
1260:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:Sun-Sentinel
1238:
1232:
1223:Sun-Sentinel
1221:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:Sun-Sentinel
1197:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
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1118:. Retrieved
1113:
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1029:. Retrieved
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982:Lake Broward
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911:Sun-Sentinel
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788:U.S. Senator
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752:Miami Herald
750:
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741:Governorship
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571:Straightouts
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487:Jacksonville
480:
452:
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317:(1910-10-01)
273:
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230:Succeeded by
207:
187:Succeeded by
166:
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107:
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88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1773:1910 deaths
1768:1857 births
1262:November 4,
1177:November 4,
849:Denver Post
773:Gainesville
579:Republicans
505:New England
461:and in the
218:Preceded by
175:Preceded by
1747:Categories
1323:Democratic
1205:October 3,
1031:January 2,
1005:References
880:gallstones
833:Fort Myers
781:profession
727:Everglades
704:Fernandina
611:insurgents
444:Everglades
436:U.S. state
333:Democratic
298:1857-04-19
71:newspapers
1602:Gilchrist
1417:Military
1120:April 12,
978:, Florida
863:In 1910,
769:Lake City
708:Pensacola
575:Populists
501:steamboat
491:Civil War
410:Signature
274:In office
256:1902–1904
252:In office
208:In office
161:In office
1732:DeSantis
1702:Martinez
1647:Caldwell
1607:Trammell
1592:Jennings
1582:Mitchell
1049:, p. 123
992:Archives
712:crackers
641:loading
467:Populist
402:Children
1667:Collins
1657:McCarty
1642:Holland
1627:Carlton
1597:Broward
1587:Bloxham
1577:Fleming
1567:Bloxham
1557:Stearns
1532:Allison
1507:Moseley
1429:Jackson
1024:WLRN-FM
891:wrote,
455:sheriff
440:Florida
434:of the
395:
387:
383:
372:
356:
352:
339:Spouses
262:Sheriff
153:Florida
149:-elect
85:scholar
1712:MacKay
1707:Chiles
1697:Mixson
1692:Graham
1672:Bryant
1652:Warren
1632:Sholtz
1622:Martin
1617:Hardee
1542:Walker
1537:Marvin
1527:Milton
1517:Broome
1495:State
1486:Branch
1420:(1821)
1156:
1116:. 2021
1092:
933:Legacy
844:Denver
820:mayor
619:Nassau
362:
324:, U.S.
307:, U.S.
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1727:Scott
1722:Crist
1687:Askew
1677:Burns
1662:Johns
1612:Catts
1572:Perry
1522:Perry
1512:Brown
1466:Eaton
1461:Duval
984:, in
666:Law.
615:Spain
594:felon
389:(
385:
370:)
358:(
354:
198:19th
151:from
92:JSTOR
78:books
1717:Bush
1682:Kirk
1637:Cone
1562:Drew
1552:Hart
1547:Reed
1481:Call
1476:Reid
1471:Call
1332:1904
1264:2017
1207:2017
1179:2017
1154:ISBN
1122:2021
1090:ISBN
1033:2023
941:The
885:The
706:and
689:Keys
623:Cuba
588:and
368:1883
364:1883
312:Died
292:Born
64:news
1293:at
1001:."
945:in
831:of
621:to
485:in
457:of
438:of
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47:by
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1072:^
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89:·
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