318:
307:
937:
1271:
5228:
4457:
32:
364:(HDDs), and it became increasingly inadequate for SSDs, which improved in speed over time. For example, within about five years of mass market mainstream adoption (2005–2010) many SSDs were already held back by the comparatively slow data rates available for hard drives—unlike hard disk drives, some SSDs are limited by the maximum
555:
U.3 is built on the U.2 spec and uses the same SFF-8639 connector. It is a 'tri-mode' standard, combining SAS, SATA and NVMe support into a single controller. U.3 can also support hot-swap between the different drives where firmware support is available. U.3 drives are still backward compatible with
438:
I/O. It is expected that future revisions will significantly enhance namespace management. Because of its feature focus, NVMe 1.1 was initially called "Enterprise NVMHCI". An update for the base NVMe specification, called version 1.0e, was released in
January 2013. In June 2011, a Promoter Group led
1200:
have been added in updates. Many vendors have released their own
Windows drivers for their devices as well. There are also manually customized installer files available to install a specific vendor's driver to any NVMe card, such as using a Samsung NVMe driver with a non-Samsung NVMe device, which
470:
2014 and promised similar performance. In June 2014, Intel announced their first NVM Express products, the Intel SSD data center family that interfaces with the host through PCI Express bus, which includes the DC P3700 series, the DC P3600 series, and the DC P3500 series. As of
November 2014,
168:
Architecturally, the logic for NVMe is physically stored within and executed by the NVMe controller chip that is physically co-located with the storage media, usually an SSD. Version changes for NVMe, e.g., 1.3 to 1.4, are incorporated within the storage media, and do not affect PCIe-compatible
474:
In March 2014, the group incorporated to become NVM Express, Inc., which as of
November 2014 consists of more than 65 companies from across the industry. NVM Express specifications are owned and maintained by NVM Express, Inc., which also promotes industry awareness of NVM Express as an
1231:
maintains an open-source NVMe
Windows Driver for Windows 7/8/8.1 and Windows Server 2008R2/2012/2012R2, developed from the baseline code submitted by several promoter companies in the NVMe workgroup, specifically IDT, Intel, and LSI. The current release is 1.5 from December
1074:
mainline on 18 January 2012 and released as part of version 3.3 of the Linux kernel on 19 March 2012. Linux kernel supports NVMe Host Memory Buffer from version 4.13.1 with default maximum size 128 MB. Linux kernel supports NVMe Zoned
Namespaces start from version
793:
of PCI Express SSDs, and complementing the parallelism of contemporary CPUs, platforms and applications. At a high level, the basic advantages of NVMe over AHCI relate to its ability to exploit parallelism in host hardware and software, manifested by the differences in
433:
was the working group's chair. Version 1.0 of the specification was released on 1 March 2011, while version 1.1 of the specification was released on 11 October 2012. Major features added in version 1.1 are multi-path I/O (with namespace sharing) and arbitrary-length
475:
industry-wide standard. NVM Express, Inc. is directed by a thirteen-member board of directors selected from the
Promoter Group, which includes Cisco, Dell, EMC, HGST, Intel, Micron, Microsoft, NetApp, Oracle, PMC, Samsung, SanDisk and Seagate.
505:(KV), and support for rotating media such as hard drives. ZNS and KV allows data to be mapped directly to its physical location in flash memory to directly access data on an SSD. ZNS and KV can also decrease
211:
specification which support NVM Express as the logical-device interface are a popular use-case for NVMe and have become the dominant form of solid-state storage for servers, desktops, and laptops alike.
180:
overhead and brings various performance improvements relative to previous logical-device interfaces, including multiple long command queues, and reduced latency. The previous interface protocols like
2171:
1947:
3245:
2115:
2812:
426:(ONFI) on the memory (flash) chips side. A NVMHCI working group led by Intel was formed that year. The NVMHCI 1.0 specification was completed in April 2008 and released on Intel's web site.
429:
Technical work on NVMe began in the second half of 2009. The NVMe specifications were developed by the NVM Express
Workgroup, which consists of more than 90 companies; Amber Huffman of
188:(HDD) where a very lengthy delay (relative to CPU operations) exists between a request and data transfer, where data speeds are much slower than RAM speeds, and where disk rotation and
1451:
547:, is a computer interface for connecting solid-state drives to a computer. It uses up to four PCI Express lanes. Available servers can combine up to 48 U.2 NVMe solid-state drives.
2011:
1146:, as of April, 2021. The driver requires advanced interrupts as provided by the ACPI PSD running in advanced interrupt mode (mode 2), thus requiring the SMP kernel, as well.
1519:
4387:
2036:
633:
383:
to work with all SSDs adhering to the specification. It also means that each SSD manufacturer does not have to design specific interface drivers. This is similar to how
1547:
454:, was announced in July 2013; according to Samsung, this drive supported 3 GB/s read speeds, six times faster than their previous enterprise offerings. The LSI
4207:
3709:
1643:
2086:
2179:
2057:
1174:
6.0 and later builds, supporting various NVMe devices. As of vSphere 6 update 1, VMware's VSAN software-defined storage subsystem also supports NVMe devices.
986:'s head and stable/9 branches. The nvd(4) and nvme(4) drivers are included in the GENERIC kernel configuration by default since FreeBSD version 10.2 in 2015.
356:
for interfacing with the rest of a computer system. Since SSDs became available in mass markets, SATA has become the most typical way for connecting SSDs in
2123:
1958:
3256:
3280:
375:
bus before NVMe, but using non-standard specification interfaces, or by emulating a hardware RAID controller. By standardizing the interface of SSDs,
2823:
162:
1775:
1824:
1404:
599:
1351:
2926:
3539:
4089:
2422:
1462:
3378:
1746:
5223:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
3920:
3882:
3789:
3813:
1614:
4668:
1888:
5196:
1593:
1391:
NVMe is designed from the ground up to deliver high bandwidth and low latency storage access for current and future NVM technologies.
3218:
2782:
2015:
4825:
3739:
3564:
4688:
4422:
4397:
4252:
1850:
1679:
766:(AHCI) has the benefit of wide software compatibility, but has the downside of not delivering optimal performance when used with
423:
2573:
4495:
4186:
3685:
2226:
2201:
5255:
4461:
4412:
3613:
1800:
2756:
2704:
2448:
698:
Storage
Performance Development Kit (SPDK) NVMe-oF initiator and target drivers. Both RoCE and TCP transports are supported.
525:
Almost all early NVMe solid-state drives are HHHL (half height, half length) or FHHL (full height, half length) AIC, with a
5260:
4876:
4547:
1558:
3115:
4582:
1654:
4929:
4768:
4698:
4268:
2606:
2588:
1129:
821:
763:
620:
over a network to connect remote NVMe devices, contrary to regular NVMe where physical NVMe devices are connected to a
181:
3588:
3140:
478:
In
September 2016, the CompactFlash Association announced that it would be releasing a new memory card specification,
4758:
3717:
2848:
3672:
2555:
1249:
since version 1.6 released on August 15, 2013. NVMe devices presented to QEMU guests can be either real or emulated.
4856:
3246:"IDF13 Hands-on Lab: Compiling the NVM Express Linux Open Source Driver and SSD Linux Benchmarks and Optimizations"
2094:
2065:
1871:
1204:
Support for NVMe HMB was added in Windows 10 Anniversary Update (Version 1607) in 2016. In Microsoft Windows from
5250:
3913:
2646:
778:(HBA) in a system was to connect the CPU/memory subsystem with a much slower storage subsystem based on rotating
3091:
2675:
4648:
4427:
3948:
3659:
1983:
782:. As a result, AHCI introduces certain inefficiencies when used with SSD devices, which behave much more like
317:
5200:
4851:
4820:
746:
731:
717:
649:
4473:
3049:
4798:
3998:
2730:
742:
713:
659:
490:
443:
306:
3188:
2899:
1427:
5124:
5063:
4918:
4417:
4079:
1487:
663:
529:
2.0 or 3.0 interface. A HHHL NVMe solid-state drive card is easy to insert into a PCIe slot of a server.
2529:
1918:
1779:
1412:
391:
mass-storage device class specification and work with all computers, with no per-device drivers needed.
4723:
4488:
3906:
3379:"Pci.c « host « nvme « drivers - kernel/Git/Stable/Linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree"
1828:
1693:
1151:
1053:
809:
The table below summarizes high-level differences between the NVMe and AHCI logical-device interfaces.
493:, which can improve the I/O performance for DRAM-less SSDs. For example, HMB can be used for cache the
5093:
4008:
789:
The NVMe device interface has been designed from the ground up, capitalizing on the lower latency and
4778:
3027:
688:
467:
3518:
2260:
1290:
tool is used to control an NVMe disk from the command line on FreeBSD. It was added in FreeBSD 9.2.
4217:
3973:
2172:"Kingston HyperX Predator PCI Express SSD Unveiled With LSI SandForce SF3700 PCIe Flash Controller"
2116:"LSI Introduces Blazing Fast SF3700 Series SSD Controller, Supports Both PCIe and SATA 6 Gbps"
1006:
1001:
124:
1722:
422:
2007, when NVMHCI was shown as the host-side protocol of a proposed architectural design that had
5231:
5206:
5098:
4753:
4349:
3968:
3001:
2058:"Samsung Announces Industry's First 2.5-inch NVMe SSD | StorageReview.com - Storage Reviews"
1327:
1220:
494:
2146:
2087:"LSI SF3700 SandForce Flash Controller Line Unveiled | StorageReview.com - Storage Reviews"
4788:
4407:
2345:"HMB-I/O: Fast Track for Handling Urgent I/Os in Nonvolatile Memory Express Solid-State Drives"
1754:
1197:
1189:
996:
Support for consumer-grade NVMe was added to the Genode framework as part of the 18.05 release.
407:
403:
399:
199:
and as 2.5-inch form-factor devices that provide a four-lane PCI Express interface through the
4326:
3639:"Update to support NVM Express by using native drivers in Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2"
3167:
2878:
161:
cards. NVM Express, as a logical-device interface, has been designed to capitalize on the low
5052:
5005:
4861:
4633:
4481:
4139:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
2975:
419:
489:(HMB) added in version 1.2 of the NVMe specification. HMB allows SSDs to utilize the host's
172:
By its design, NVM Express allows host hardware and software to fully exploit the levels of
5048:
4901:
4783:
4303:
3318:
2477:
2297:
1228:
783:
667:
349:
128:
940:
The position of NVMe data paths and multiple internal queues within various layers of the
8:
4960:
4515:
4155:
4049:
4028:
4013:
506:
141:
4003:
3743:
3322:
2301:
2037:"IDT Shows Off The First NVMe PCIe SSD Processor and Reference Design - FMS 2012 Update"
463:
4504:
4202:
4160:
3988:
3341:
3306:
2632:
2320:
2285:
1048:
in smartphones. Apple followed these releases with the release of the first-generation
803:
790:
517:
There are many form factors of NVMe solid-state drive, such as AIC, U.2, U.3, M.2 etc.
451:
173:
4950:
4572:
4508:
4150:
4044:
3953:
3929:
3469:
3392:
3346:
2366:
2325:
1491:
1322:
1110:
added support for NVMe in NetBSD 8.0. The implementation is derived from OpenBSD 6.0.
767:
709:
701:
430:
418:
The first details of a new standard for accessing non-volatile memory emerged at the
357:
150:
636:(ICITS), and this combination is often referred to as FC-NVMe or sometimes NVMe/FC.
621:
458:
SF3700 controller family, released in November 2013, also supports NVMe. A Kingston
195:
NVM Express devices are chiefly available in the form of standard-sized PCI Express
4683:
4018:
3993:
3963:
3886:
3336:
3326:
2356:
2315:
2305:
779:
775:
587:
384:
376:
1807:
1405:"NVMe 1.4 Specification Published: Further Optimizing Performance and Reliability"
936:
4813:
4663:
4643:
4518:
4104:
4069:
3673:
https://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/03_Lee_Windows-Windows-Driver_Final.pdf
3331:
2310:
1213:
1209:
1205:
617:
583:
361:
341:
327:
185:
3638:
2384:
2234:
954:
On February 24, 2015, support for booting from NVM Express devices was added to
625:
5114:
4808:
4733:
4658:
4562:
4537:
4344:
4232:
3393:"Faster 'NVM Express' SSD Interface Arrives on Retina MacBook and OS X 10.10.3"
3364:
2503:
1270:
1171:
1037:
727:
680:
The standard for NVMe over Fabrics was published by NVM Express, Inc. in 2016.
497:
table by the SSD controller, which can improve I/O performance. NVMe 2.0 added
435:
331:
196:
2398:
1124:
has been started in April 2014 by a senior developer formerly responsible for
5244:
5186:
5073:
4965:
4913:
4896:
4678:
4577:
4567:
4542:
4503:
4437:
4274:
4023:
3892:
2504:"Supplement to InfiniBandTMArchitecture Specification Volume 1 Release 1.2.1"
2370:
1086:
969:
963:
795:
774:
bus. As a logical-device interface, AHCI was developed when the purpose of a
750:
721:
643:
629:
380:
353:
2927:"4f503189f7339c667b045ab80a949964ecbaf93e - chromiumos/platform/depthcharge"
1594:"NVM Express Announces the Rearchitected NVMe 2.0 Library of Specifications"
4923:
4866:
4718:
4623:
4442:
4292:
3958:
3350:
2329:
1317:
1132:
support. Support for NVMe has been enabled in the OpenBSD 6.0 release.
1071:
941:
692:
579:
395:
204:
177:
146:
3444:
2951:
5191:
5170:
5088:
4871:
4846:
4773:
4557:
4552:
4341:
4286:
3834:
1581:
1312:
1185:
1094:
1045:
771:
526:
372:
132:
5010:
4181:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
2361:
2344:
5044:
4743:
4532:
4297:
4227:
3943:
3067:
1806:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit. August 2009. Archived from
1596:(Press release). Beaverton, Oregon, USA: NVM Express, Inc. June 3, 2021
1224:
1041:
673:
365:
360:; however, SATA was designed primarily for interfacing with mechanical
3835:"GitHub - linux-nvme/nvme-cli: NVMe management command line interface"
446:(89HF16P04AG3 and 89HF32P08AG3) in August 2012. The first NVMe drive,
5068:
5058:
5025:
5020:
4955:
4830:
4618:
4603:
4598:
4165:
4114:
3898:
3764:
3196:
3172:
3145:
1193:
1033:
799:
479:
455:
189:
3307:"HMB in DRAM-less NVMe SSDs: Their usage and effects on performance"
2286:"HMB in DRAM-less NVMe SSDS: Their usage and effects on performance"
741:
Bloombase StoreSafe Intelligent Storage Firewall supports NVMe over
5078:
5015:
4748:
4608:
4172:
4142:
4054:
3983:
3872:
1049:
955:
949:
655:
31:
1428:"Intel SSD DC P3700 800GB and 1.6TB Review: The Future of Storage"
1201:
may be needed for additional features, performance, and stability.
5211:
5165:
5149:
4975:
4793:
4738:
4673:
4628:
4212:
4109:
3876:
3614:"Windows 8.1 to support hybrid disks and adds native NVMe driver"
3493:
3192:
1554:
1526:
1520:"AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview"
1179:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1090:
1019:
1014:
983:
977:
447:
326:
Intel SSD 750 series, an SSD that uses NVM Express, in form of a
3686:"NVMe Feature and Extended Capability Support - Windows drivers"
1089:
10.10.3. The NVMe hardware interface was introduced in the 2016
442:
The first commercially available NVMe chipsets were released by
5144:
5035:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4803:
4693:
4653:
4613:
4222:
4131:
4073:
3867:
3418:
2876:
1167:
1161:
1143:
1107:
1102:
991:
806:
accesses, etc., resulting in various performance improvements.
459:
394:
NVM Express devices are also used as the building block of the
5129:
5040:
628:
to a PCIe bus. In August 2017, a standard for using NVMe over
203:
connector (formerly known as SFF-8639). Storage devices using
5139:
5030:
4970:
4908:
4881:
4763:
4713:
4638:
4392:
4371:
4354:
4331:
4178:
4060:
3445:"non volatile memory express controller (/sys/dev/ic/nvme.c)"
2647:"SPDKNVMe-oFRDMA (Target & Initiator) Performance Report"
1458:
1080:
1067:
1061:
868:
735:
705:
158:
2676:"SPDKNVMe-oFTCP (Target & Initiator) Performance Report"
2423:"NVMe over Fibre Channel (NVMe over FC) or FC-NVMe standard"
634:
International Committee for Information Technology Standards
5134:
5119:
4980:
4891:
4886:
4728:
4432:
4124:
4119:
3978:
1258:
1246:
1137:
345:
117:
Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification
25:
Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification
3860:
2399:"All-Flash NVME Servers for Advanced Computing Supermicro"
2261:"The Toshiba RC100 SSD Review: Tiny Drive In A Big Market"
1379:
176:
possible in modern SSDs. As a result, NVM Express reduces
5083:
4708:
4703:
4366:
4361:
4336:
4309:
4136:
2813:"Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1"
1307:
1156:
Solaris received support for NVMe in Oracle Solaris 11.2.
1027:
565:
538:
388:
208:
200:
165:
and internal parallelism of solid-state storage devices.
154:
97:
2607:"Data in a Flash, Part III: NVMe over Fabrics Using TCP"
2147:"Kingston Unveils First PCIe SSD: 1800 MB/s Read Speeds"
683:
The following software implements the NVMe-oF protocol:
639:
As of May 2021, supported NVMe transport protocols are:
3419:"nvme -- Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface"
2343:
Kim, Kyusik; Kim, Seongmin; Kim, Taeseok (2020-06-24).
2202:"Intel® Solid-State Drive Data Center Family for PCIe*"
556:
U.2, but U.2 drives are not compatible with U.3 hosts.
149:
that comes in several physical form factors, including
3281:"Merge git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-nvme"
2705:"Hands On with StarWind NVMe-oF Initiator for Windows"
2783:"LightBits Super SSD brings NVMe on vanilla Ethernet"
1851:"NVMHCI: The Optimized Interface for Caches and SSDs"
1085:
Apple introduced software support for NVM Express in
466:" product using this controller was showcased at the
3873:
LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices
2757:"Intel planning big Lightbits NVMe/TCP storage push"
1044:
introduced the first mobile deployment of NVMe over
582:. Interfaces provided through the M.2 connector are
2012:"IDT releases two NVMe PCI-Express SSD controllers"
1216:
updates the maximum HMB size to 1/64 of system RAM.
691:. RoCE transport was supported initially, and with
4063:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
3141:"iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus Preliminary Results"
1889:"New Promoter Group Formed to Advance NVM Express"
1488:"SFFWG Renames PCIe SSD SFF-8639 Connector To U.2"
220:Specifications for NVMe released to date include:
3365:"Linux 4.13 has been released on Sun, 3 Sep 2017"
3050:"Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 18.05"
632:(FC) was submitted by the standards organization
5242:
2877:Werner Fischer; Georg Schönberger (2015-06-01).
2604:
2254:
2252:
550:
398:storage in many leading supercomputers, such as
192:give rise to further optimization requirements.
4826:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
2806:
2804:
2574:"What NVMe over Fabrics Means for Data Storage"
2144:
1945:
1545:
1352:"NVM Express® Base Specification, Revision 2.1"
600:Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor
3186:
2849:"NVM Express Base Specification Revision 1.4a"
1872:"What's New in NVMe 1.1 and Future Directions"
1680:"ASUS ROG RAIDR Express 240GB PCIe SSD Review"
1022:received support for NVMe on October 15, 2014.
4489:
3914:
3565:"VMware Compatibility Guide for NVMe devices"
2846:
2249:
1981:
1916:
1869:
1848:
1801:"Extending the NVMHCI Standard to Enterprise"
1517:
1120:Development work required to support NVMe in
16:Interface used for connecting storage devices
3893:NVMe, NVMe-oF and RDMA for network engineers
3683:
3652:
3467:
3442:
2900:"ChromeOS adds boot support for NVM Express"
2801:
2697:
753:for transparent storage security protection.
3216:
3092:"NVMe Driver Now Available - Haiku Project"
2810:
2775:
2731:"StarWind SAN & NAS over Fibre Channel"
1877:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit.
1856:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit.
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1485:
1184:Microsoft added native support for NVMe to
1070:on 3 March 2011, which was merged into the
931:
4496:
4482:
3921:
3907:
2749:
2014:. The Inquirer. 2012-08-21. Archived from
1865:
1863:
1827:. The Inquirer. 2008-04-16. Archived from
1778:. The Inquirer. 2007-10-13. Archived from
1686:
1461:. 2015. pp. 18, 20–22. Archived from
1425:
1298:NVM-Express user space tooling for Linux.
1066:Intel published an NVM Express driver for
1009:gained support for NVMe on April 18, 2019.
169:components such as motherboards and CPUs.
30:
3340:
3330:
3116:"4053 Add NVME Driver Support to Illumos"
2723:
2360:
2342:
2319:
2309:
1452:"Intel Solid-State Drive DC P3600 Series"
1219:Support for NVMe ZNS and KV was added in
982:Intel sponsored a NVM Express driver for
3660:"Recommended AHCI/RAID and NVMe Drivers"
2417:
2415:
1504:
1269:
935:
471:NVMe drives are commercially available.
4253:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
3165:
2858:. section 1.4 Theory of Operation, p. 7
2586:
2556:"NVM Express over Fabrics Revision 1.0"
1982:Amber Huffman, ed. (January 23, 2013).
1917:Amber Huffman, ed. (October 11, 2012).
1860:
813:High-level comparison of AHCI and NVMe
757:
424:Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group
184:were developed for use with far slower
123:) is an open, logical-device interface
5243:
3928:
3304:
2283:
2258:
1402:
1166:Intel has provided an NVMe driver for
1142:Arca Noae provides an NVMe driver for
802:processing, the number of uncacheable
695:5.x, native support for TCP was added.
371:High-end SSDs had been made using the
4477:
4068:Flash Forward (joint venture between
3902:
3883:Multipathing PCI Express Storage
2924:
2630:
2571:
2412:
1615:"NVM Express Base Specification 2.0d"
1346:
1344:
578:), uses a M.2 NVMe solid-state drive
3879:, April 19, 2013, by Jonathan Corbet
3540:"Intel Solid-State for NVMe Drivers"
3028:"FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE Release Notes"
2589:"NVMe Over Fabrics Support in Linux"
2587:Hellwig, Christoph (July 17, 2016).
1624:. NVM Express, Inc. January 11, 2024
1607:
520:
88:NVM Express Work Group (before 2014)
3740:"Nvmewin - Revision 157: /Releases"
1548:"SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage"
1265:
1236:
13:
4269:Advanced Host Controller Interface
3895:, August 2020, by Jerome Tissieres
3589:"VSAN Now Supporting NVMe Devices"
3138:
2605:Petros Koutoupis (June 10, 2019).
2284:Kim, Kyusik; Kim, Taeseok (2020).
2227:"NVM Express Organization History"
2145:Jane McEntegart (7 January 2014).
1641:
1361:. NVM Express, Inc. August 5, 2024
1341:
764:Advanced Host Controller Interface
738:distributions & public clouds.
14:
5272:
3852:
3816:. The FreeBSD Project. 2018-03-12
3166:Chester, Brandon (May 16, 2016).
3139:Ho, Joshua (September 28, 2015).
2633:"Announcing the SPDK NVMf Target"
2572:Woolf, David (February 9, 2018).
2449:"FC-NVMe rev 1.14 (T11/16-020vB)"
1776:"Speeding up Flash... in a flash"
1212:, the maximum HMB size is 64 MB.
972:with NVMe support is version 4.6.
851:Up to six per non-queued command;
704:NVMe-oF initiator and target for
676:, NVMe over InfiniBand or NVMe/IB
532:
215:
5227:
5226:
4456:
4455:
3889:, March 12, 2015, by Keith Busch
2925:Akers, Jason B. (Jan 22, 2015).
2561:. NVM Express, Inc. 5 June 2016.
898:two serialized host DRAM fetches
387:devices are built to follow the
316:
305:
3827:
3806:
3782:
3757:
3732:
3702:
3677:
3666:
3631:
3606:
3581:
3557:
3532:
3511:
3486:
3461:
3436:
3411:
3385:
3371:
3357:
3298:
3273:
3238:
3210:
3180:
3159:
3132:
3108:
3084:
3060:
3042:
3020:
3002:"Log of /stable/9/sys/dev/nvme"
2994:
2968:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2870:
2847:Amber Huffman (March 9, 2020).
2840:
2668:
2639:
2631:Stern, Jonathan (7 June 2016).
2624:
2598:
2580:
2565:
2548:
2522:
2496:
2470:
2441:
2391:
2377:
2336:
2277:
2259:Tallis, Billy (June 14, 2018).
2219:
2194:
2164:
2138:
2108:
2079:
2050:
2029:
2004:
1975:
1939:
1910:
1881:
1842:
1817:
1793:
1768:
1739:
1715:
1672:
1644:"A Comparison of NVMe and AHCI"
1635:
1586:
1403:Tallis, Billy (June 14, 2019).
1257:An open source NVMe driver for
841:Up to 65536 commands per queue
512:
439:by seven companies was formed.
153:(SSDs), PCIe add-in cards, and
131:media usually attached via the
1946:David A. Deming (2013-06-08).
1575:
1546:Paul Wassenberg (2013-06-25).
1539:
1479:
1444:
1419:
1396:
1372:
1281:
86:NVM Express, Inc. (since 2014)
1:
4821:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
3814:"NVM Express control utility"
3187:Matthew Wilcox (2011-03-03).
2879:"Linux Storage Stack Diagram"
1849:Amber Huffman (August 2008).
1334:
1056:that also use NVMe over PCIe.
881:Requires synchronization lock
853:Up to nine per queued command
846:Uncacheable register accesses
551:U.3 (SFF-8639 or SFF-TA-1001)
340:Historically, most SSDs used
296:
5256:Solid-state computer storage
4799:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
4789:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
4402:
3500:. Arca Noae, LLC. 2021-04-03
3332:10.1371/journal.pone.0229645
3068:"#9910 NVMe devices support"
2311:10.1371/journal.pone.0229645
2093:. 2013-11-18. Archived from
2064:. 2013-07-18. Archived from
2039:. The SSD Review. 2012-08-24
1825:"Flash new standard tips up"
1518:Dave Landsman (2013-08-09).
1261:is available on SourceForge.
616:) is the concept of using a
444:Integrated Device Technology
7:
5261:Computer hardware standards
3684:lorihollasch (2023-08-09).
3468:David Gwynne (2016-04-14).
3443:David Gwynne (2014-04-16).
2976:"Log of /head/sys/dev/nvme"
1984:"NVM Express Revision 1.0e"
1723:"Using LC's Sierra Systems"
1301:
1293:
836:Up to 32 commands per queue
572:Next Generation Form Factor
570:M.2, formerly known as the
127:for accessing a computer's
60:; 13 years ago
10:
5277:
4784:Compute Express Link (CXL)
3217:Keith Busch (2013-08-12).
1919:"NVM Express Revision 1.1"
1486:Paul Alcorn (2015-06-05).
1054:first-generation iPhone SE
896:Command parameters require
786:than like spinning media.
624:either directly or over a
604:
597:
563:
536:
413:
5220:
5179:
5158:
5107:
5021:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
4943:
4936:logical device interface)
4839:
4591:
4525:
4451:
4380:
4319:
4261:
4245:
4195:
4097:
4088:
4037:
3936:
3305:Kim, K.; Kim, T. (2020).
1653:. SATA-IO. Archived from
1426:Drew Riley (2014-08-13).
919:Host Memory Buffer (HMB)
468:Consumer Electronics Show
92:
82:
72:
54:
46:
38:
29:
24:
3868:CompactFlash Association
3837:. linux-nvme. 2019-03-26
1032:With the release of the
932:Operating system support
610:NVM Express over Fabrics
593:
157:cards, the successor to
3969:Flash memory controller
3641:. Microsoft. 2014-11-13
2478:"NVMe-oF Specification"
1694:"NVM Express Explained"
1328:Universal Flash Storage
1221:Windows 10 version 21H2
1170:, which is included in
901:Gets command parameters
893:for 4 KB commands
543:U.2, formerly known as
5251:Computer storage buses
4583:List of bus bandwidths
4393:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
3790:"Download EDK II from"
3255:. 2013. Archived from
3168:"The iPhone SE Review"
2385:"NVMe Gets Refactored"
1870:Peter Onufryk (2013).
1747:"SummitDev User Guide"
1278:
1198:Windows Server 2008 R2
1190:Windows Server 2012 R2
945:
856:Up to two per command
798:depths, efficiency of
586:or higher (up to four
559:
334:(front and rear views)
145:, which is often NAND
4381:Related organizations
3710:"Windows NVM Express"
3226:flashmemorysummit.com
3030:. The FreeBSD Project
3008:. The FreeBSD Project
2982:. The FreeBSD Project
1782:on September 18, 2009
1273:
1245:NVMe is supported by
1192:. Native drivers for
968:The first release of
939:
903:in one 64-byte fetch
878:and multiple threads
420:Intel Developer Forum
379:only need one common
267:1.4b (September 2020)
5026:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
4764:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
4310:Universal Serial Bus
4304:Serial attached SCSI
3189:"NVM Express driver"
2811:Andy Herron (2013).
1948:"PCIe-based Storage"
1229:OpenFabrics Alliance
831:Maximum queue depth
758:Comparison with AHCI
689:initiator and target
408:Sierra Supercomputer
404:Summit Supercomputer
400:Fugaku Supercomputer
328:PCI Express 3.0
230:1.2 (November 2014)
129:non-volatile storage
4867:Parallel ATA (PATA)
4038:Flash manufacturers
4029:Write amplification
4014:Solid-state storage
3690:learn.microsoft.com
3449:BSD Cross Reference
3423:NetBSD manual pages
3323:2020PLoSO..1529645K
3219:"Linux NVMe Driver"
3006:FreeBSD source tree
2980:FreeBSD source tree
2510:. September 2, 2014
2362:10.3390/app10124341
2302:2020PLoSO..1529645K
2237:on 23 November 2015
1831:on January 11, 2014
1660:on 12 February 2019
1582:NVMe Specifications
911:Usually half-duplex
848:(2000 cycles each)
839:Up to 65535 queues;
814:
734:target for various
507:write amplification
482:, which uses NVMe.
287:2.0d (January 2024)
284:2.0c (October 2022)
281:2.0b (January 2022)
247:1.3a (October 2017)
233:1.2a (October 2015)
224:1.0e (January 2013)
142:non-volatile memory
21:
4774:PCI Express (PCIe)
4203:Greenliant Systems
3974:Garbage collection
3930:Solid-state drives
2906:. 24 February 2015
2761:Blocks & Files
2685:. February 1, 2020
2656:. February 1, 2021
2530:"What is NVMe-oF?"
2018:on August 24, 2012
1682:. 6 December 2013.
1382:. NVM Express, Inc
1279:
946:
908:Data transmission
883:to issue a command
864:A single interrupt
834:One command queue;
812:
770:connected via the
712:, supporting both
668:converged Ethernet
618:transport protocol
487:Host Memory Buffer
358:personal computers
151:solid-state drives
19:
5238:
5237:
5224:
4951:Apple Desktop Bus
4928:PCI Express (via
4887:Serial ATA (SATA)
4573:Network on a chip
4471:
4470:
4403:NVMHCI Work Group
4246:SSD manufacturers
4241:
4240:
3999:Over-provisioning
3954:Flash file system
2881:. Thomas-Krenn.AG
2711:. October 6, 2021
2429:. January 1, 2018
2091:StorageReview.com
2062:StorageReview.com
1323:Solid-state drive
929:
928:
710:Microsoft Windows
521:AIC (add-in card)
377:operating systems
292:2.1 (August 2024)
264:1.4a (March 2020)
256:1.3d (March 2019)
239:1.2.1 (June 2016)
135:bus. The initial
106:
105:
5268:
5230:
5229:
5222:
4684:HP Precision Bus
4498:
4491:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4459:
4458:
4327:HDD form factors
4095:
4094:
3994:Open-channel SSD
3923:
3916:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3887:Linux Foundation
3864:
3863:
3861:Official website
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3742:. Archived from
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3720:on June 12, 2013
3716:. Archived from
3714:Project web site
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3681:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3610:
3604:
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3601:
3600:
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3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3474:OpenBSD man page
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3334:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3253:activeevents.com
3250:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3195:. Archived from
3184:
3178:
3177:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:www.haiku-os.org
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3072:dev.haiku-os.org
3064:
3058:
3057:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2822:. Archived from
2817:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2789:. April 29, 2021
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2458:. April 19, 2017
2453:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2349:Applied Sciences
2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2233:. Archived from
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2178:. Archived from
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2122:. Archived from
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1957:. Archived from
1952:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1753:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1557:. Archived from
1552:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1411:. Archived from
1400:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1348:
1289:
1276:
1266:Management tools
1237:Software support
944:'s storage stack
815:
811:
776:host bus adapter
509:of flash media.
499:Zoned Namespaces
452:enterprise drive
385:USB mass storage
362:hard disk drives
320:
309:
278:2.0a (July 2021)
270:1.4c (June 2021)
261:1.4 (June 2019)
236:1.2b (June 2016)
227:1.1b (July 2014)
186:hard disk drives
102:
99:
68:
66:
61:
34:
22:
18:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5225:
5216:
5175:
5154:
5103:
5016:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
4939:
4835:
4814:Infinity Fabric
4644:Europe Card Bus
4587:
4521:
4502:
4472:
4467:
4447:
4376:
4315:
4257:
4237:
4191:
4145:(bought by OCZ)
4105:Western Digital
4084:
4070:Western Digital
4033:
3937:Key terminology
3932:
3927:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3796:
3794:SourceForge.net
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3765:"ChangeLog/1.6"
3763:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3623:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3573:
3571:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3399:. 11 April 2015
3391:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3317:(3): e0229645.
3303:
3299:
3290:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3228:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3185:
3181:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3137:
3133:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2737:. July 20, 2022
2729:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2536:. June 27, 2020
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2484:. 15 April 2020
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2387:. 30 June 2021.
2383:
2382:
2378:
2341:
2337:
2296:(3): e0229645.
2282:
2278:
2269:
2267:
2257:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2176:hothardware.com
2170:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2126:on 5 March 2016
2120:hothardware.com
2114:
2113:
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1646:
1642:Walker, Don H.
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1471:
1469:
1468:on Oct 28, 2015
1465:
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1239:
1214:Windows 11 24H2
1210:Windows 11 23H2
1206:Windows 10 1607
934:
902:
897:
892:
882:
877:
852:
847:
840:
835:
760:
607:
602:
596:
584:PCI Express 3.0
568:
562:
553:
541:
535:
523:
515:
416:
338:
337:
336:
335:
323:
322:
321:
312:
311:
310:
299:
275:2.0 (May 2021)
253:1.3c (May 2018)
250:1.3b (May 2018)
244:1.3 (May 2017)
218:
197:expansion cards
96:
87:
77:
64:
62:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
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5221:
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5168:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Intel HD Audio
5122:
5117:
5115:ADAT Lightpipe
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
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4809:HyperTransport
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4776:
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4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
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4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Bus contention
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4538:Front-side bus
4535:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4519:computer buses
4501:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4478:
4469:
4468:
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4465:
4452:
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4448:
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4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4347:
4345:expansion card
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4320:Configurations
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4265:
4263:
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3925:
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3911:
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3854:
3853:External links
3851:
3848:
3847:
3826:
3805:
3781:
3756:
3731:
3701:
3676:
3665:
3662:. 10 May 2013.
3651:
3630:
3605:
3580:
3556:
3531:
3510:
3498:Arca Noae wiki
3485:
3460:
3435:
3410:
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3297:
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3209:
3179:
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3107:
3083:
3059:
3041:
3019:
2993:
2967:
2943:
2917:
2891:
2869:
2839:
2800:
2787:ComputerWeekly
2774:
2763:. June 9, 2022
2748:
2722:
2696:
2667:
2638:
2623:
2597:
2579:
2564:
2547:
2534:Storage Review
2521:
2495:
2469:
2440:
2411:
2390:
2376:
2335:
2276:
2248:
2218:
2193:
2182:on 28 May 2016
2163:
2151:Tom's Hardware
2137:
2107:
2078:
2049:
2028:
2003:
1974:
1938:
1909:
1898:. June 1, 2011
1880:
1859:
1841:
1816:
1813:on 2017-06-17.
1792:
1767:
1738:
1714:
1703:. 9 April 2014
1701:nvmexpress.org
1685:
1671:
1634:
1622:nvmexpress.org
1606:
1585:
1574:
1538:
1503:
1492:Tom's Hardware
1478:
1443:
1432:Tom's Hardware
1418:
1415:on 2021-01-27.
1395:
1371:
1359:nvmexpress.org
1339:
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854:
849:
843:
842:
837:
832:
828:
827:
824:
819:
780:magnetic media
759:
756:
755:
754:
739:
728:Lightbits Labs
725:
699:
696:
687:Linux NVMe-oF
678:
677:
671:
653:
647:
606:
603:
598:Main article:
595:
592:
564:Main article:
561:
558:
552:
549:
537:Main article:
534:
533:U.2 (SFF-8639)
531:
522:
519:
514:
511:
436:scatter-gather
415:
412:
332:expansion card
325:
324:
315:
314:
313:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
288:
285:
282:
279:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
259:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
242:
241:
240:
237:
234:
228:
225:
217:
216:Specifications
214:
104:
103:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
78:August 5, 2024
74:
73:Latest version
70:
69:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5273:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5233:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Multidrop bus
5185:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:External PCIe
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:Parallel SCSI
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5037:
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5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Commodore bus
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Fibre Channel
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
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4858:
4855:
4853:
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4848:
4845:
4844:
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4838:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
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4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
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4675:
4672:
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4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
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4627:
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4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:Plug and play
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:Bus mastering
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Back-side bus
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4464:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:SFF Committee
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4275:Fibre Channel
4273:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
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4211:
4209:
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4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Wear leveling
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3836:
3830:
3815:
3809:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3746:on 2017-05-10
3745:
3741:
3735:
3724:September 18,
3719:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3398:
3397:macrumors.com
3394:
3388:
3380:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3262:on 2014-01-11
3258:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3199:on 2012-07-17
3198:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3029:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2957:
2956:DragonFly BSD
2953:
2947:
2932:
2931:Git at Google
2928:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2856:Specification
2850:
2843:
2829:on 2014-01-10
2825:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2805:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2736:
2735:StorageReview
2732:
2726:
2710:
2709:StorageReview
2706:
2700:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2627:
2612:
2611:Linux Journal
2608:
2601:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2097:on 2014-01-11
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2068:on 2014-01-10
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1996:September 18,
1992:
1991:Specification
1985:
1978:
1964:on 2013-09-20
1960:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1931:September 18,
1927:
1926:Specification
1920:
1913:
1902:September 18,
1897:
1896:Press release
1890:
1884:
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1777:
1771:
1757:on 2020-08-06
1756:
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1751:olcf.ornl.gov
1748:
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1564:on 2013-10-04
1560:
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1380:"NVM Express"
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1227:in 2021. The
1226:
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967:
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964:DragonFly BSD
962:
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797:
796:command queue
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
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769:
765:
752:
751:Fibre Channel
748:
744:
740:
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733:
729:
726:
723:
722:Fibre Channel
719:
715:
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635:
631:
630:Fibre Channel
627:
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28:
23:
4933:
4719:TURBOchannel
4509:
4460:
4293:SATA Express
4280:
4019:Trim command
4009:Secure erase
4004:Read disturb
3959:Flash memory
3839:. Retrieved
3829:
3818:. Retrieved
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3768:
3759:
3748:. Retrieved
3744:the original
3734:
3722:. Retrieved
3718:the original
3713:
3704:
3693:. Retrieved
3689:
3679:
3668:
3654:
3643:. Retrieved
3633:
3622:. Retrieved
3620:. 2013-09-06
3617:
3608:
3597:. Retrieved
3595:. 2015-11-11
3592:
3583:
3572:. Retrieved
3568:
3559:
3548:. Retrieved
3546:. 2015-09-25
3543:
3534:
3523:. Retrieved
3513:
3502:. Retrieved
3497:
3488:
3477:. Retrieved
3473:
3470:"man 4 nvme"
3463:
3452:. Retrieved
3448:
3438:
3427:. Retrieved
3425:. 2021-05-16
3422:
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3373:
3359:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3289:. Retrieved
3287:. 2012-01-18
3284:
3275:
3264:. Retrieved
3257:the original
3252:
3240:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:
3212:
3201:. Retrieved
3197:the original
3182:
3171:
3161:
3150:. Retrieved
3144:
3134:
3123:. Retrieved
3119:
3110:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2979:
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2955:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2883:. Retrieved
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2855:
2842:
2831:. Retrieved
2824:the original
2819:
2791:. Retrieved
2786:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2734:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2682:
2670:
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2653:
2641:
2626:
2614:. Retrieved
2610:
2600:
2582:
2567:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2507:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2481:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2455:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2426:
2403:. Retrieved
2401:. Supermicro
2393:
2379:
2355:(12): 4341.
2352:
2348:
2338:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2230:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2119:
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:the original
2090:
2081:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2061:
2052:
2041:. Retrieved
2031:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:the original
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1990:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1954:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1895:
1883:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1819:
1808:the original
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1770:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1750:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1727:hpc.llnl.gov
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1700:
1688:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1651:31 July 2012
1650:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1588:
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1559:the original
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1495:. Retrieved
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:
1421:
1413:the original
1408:
1398:
1390:
1384:. Retrieved
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1358:
1318:SATA Express
1297:
1285:
1072:Linux kernel
942:Linux kernel
914:Full-duplex
808:
788:
761:
693:Linux kernel
682:
679:
638:
613:
609:
608:
580:computer bus
575:
571:
569:
554:
544:
542:
524:
516:
513:Form factors
502:
498:
486:
484:
477:
473:
441:
428:
417:
396:burst buffer
393:
370:
339:
219:
205:SATA Express
194:
171:
167:
147:flash memory
140:
136:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:
83:Organization
55:Year started
39:Abbreviation
5192:CoreConnect
5171:ExpressCard
5099:Thunderbolt
5089:Camera Link
4872:Bus and Tag
4558:Address bus
4553:Control bus
4548:Daisy chain
4350:Thunderbolt
4342:PCI Express
4287:PCI Express
4281:NVM Express
4196:Independent
4090:Controllers
3989:Memory wear
2952:"release46"
2904:NVM Express
2427:Tech Target
2241:23 December
2231:NVM Express
1313:PCI Express
1288:nvmecontrol
1282:nvmecontrol
1186:Windows 8.1
1095:MacBook Pro
886:No locking
876:Parallelism
871:interrupts
867:Up to 2048
791:parallelism
772:PCI Express
724:transports.
626:PCIe switch
373:PCI Express
174:parallelism
139:stands for
133:PCI Express
109:NVM Express
20:NVM Express
5245:Categories
5045:ACCESS.bus
4944:Peripheral
4744:InfiniBand
4739:HP GSC bus
4533:System bus
4355:USB Type-C
4298:Serial ATA
4262:Interfaces
4228:PMC-Sierra
3944:Encryption
3841:2019-03-27
3820:2019-07-12
3799:2014-01-11
3750:2016-08-13
3695:2024-04-11
3645:2014-11-17
3624:2014-01-11
3599:2016-03-17
3593:vmware.com
3574:2016-03-17
3569:vmware.com
3550:2016-03-17
3525:2014-12-02
3519:"nvme(7D)"
3504:2021-06-08
3479:2016-08-07
3454:2014-04-27
3429:2021-05-16
3291:2013-11-05
3285:kernel.org
3266:2014-01-11
3231:2013-11-05
3203:2013-11-05
3152:2016-06-01
3125:2016-05-23
3120:github.com
3101:2016-07-28
3077:2019-04-18
3054:genode.org
2986:16 October
2961:2016-09-08
2885:2015-06-08
2833:2014-01-11
2715:October 6,
2508:Infiniband
2482:NVMexpress
2405:2022-07-22
2270:2024-03-30
2101:2014-01-11
2072:2014-01-11
2043:2014-01-11
2022:2014-01-11
1968:2014-01-12
1835:2014-01-11
1786:2014-01-11
1761:2020-06-25
1732:2020-06-25
1628:2024-03-26
1600:2024-03-31
1568:2014-11-21
1532:2013-10-02
1497:2015-06-09
1472:2015-04-11
1437:2014-11-21
1386:2017-01-24
1365:2024-08-10
1335:References
1225:Windows 11
891:Efficiency
861:Interrupt
730:NVMe over
674:InfiniBand
652:, NVMe/TCP
501:(ZNS) and
450:'s XS1715
366:throughput
297:Background
98:nvmexpress
5006:Lightning
4956:Atari SIO
4831:SpaceWire
4664:Zorro III
4604:S-100 bus
4599:SS-50 bus
4592:Standards
4512:standards
4505:Technical
4166:SandForce
4115:Fusion-io
3544:intel.com
3173:AnandTech
3146:AnandTech
2793:April 29,
2371:2076-3417
2265:AnandTech
1409:AnandTech
1194:Windows 7
1034:iPhone 6S
800:interrupt
646:, FC-NVMe
503:Key-Value
480:CFexpress
456:SandForce
368:of SATA.
190:seek time
50:Published
5232:Category
5207:Wishbone
5180:Embedded
5159:Portable
5079:Profibus
5011:DMX512-A
4897:Parallel
4749:Ethernet
4659:Zorro II
4609:Multibus
4510:de facto
4462:Category
4433:T10/SCSI
4213:Maxiotek
4173:SK Hynix
4143:Indilinx
4055:SK Hynix
3774:21 March
3769:qemu.org
3618:Myce.com
3521:. Oracle
3403:11 April
3351:32119705
3311:PLOS ONE
3034:5 August
2936:21 March
2910:21 March
2820:snia.org
2741:July 20,
2330:32119705
2290:PLOS ONE
2211:21 March
2186:21 March
2156:21 March
2130:21 March
1955:snia.org
1707:21 March
1302:See also
1294:nvme-cli
1277:on Linux
1275:nvme-cli
1087:Yosemite
1050:iPad Pro
956:ChromeOS
950:ChromeOS
804:register
702:StarWind
656:Ethernet
622:PCIe bus
545:SFF-8639
464:prosumer
344:such as
207:and the
5212:SLIMbus
5166:PC Card
5150:TOSLINK
4840:Storage
4794:RapidIO
4674:FASTBUS
4629:STD Bus
4526:General
4443:T13/ATA
4413:SATA-IO
4218:Marvell
4177:Bought
4161:Seagate
4156:Samsung
4110:SanDisk
4098:Captive
4059:Bought
4050:Samsung
3964:SLC/MLC
3877:LWN.net
3342:7051071
3319:Bibcode
3193:LWN.net
2862:May 16,
2767:June 9,
2689:May 26,
2660:May 26,
2616:May 26,
2540:May 26,
2514:May 26,
2488:May 26,
2462:May 26,
2433:May 26,
2321:7051071
2298:Bibcode
1555:SATA-IO
1527:SATA-IO
1180:Windows
1172:vSphere
1152:Solaris
1126:USB 2.0
1122:OpenBSD
1116:OpenBSD
1091:MacBook
1038:6S Plus
1020:illumos
1015:illumos
984:FreeBSD
978:FreeBSD
818:
662:v1/v2 (
614:NVMe-oF
605:NVMe-oF
448:Samsung
414:History
410:, etc.
163:latency
121:NVMHCIS
93:Website
63: (
5145:S/PDIF
5036:1-Wire
5001:RS-485
4996:RS-423
4991:RS-422
4986:RS-232
4847:ST-506
4804:NVLink
4654:STEbus
4614:Unibus
4438:T11/FC
4408:USB-IF
4388:INCITS
4300:(SATA)
4289:(PCIe)
4283:(NVMe)
4271:(AHCI)
4223:Phison
4151:Micron
4132:Kioxia
4074:Kioxia
4045:Micron
3494:"NVME"
3349:
3339:
3012:3 July
2456:INCITS
2369:
2328:
2318:
1664:3 July
1168:VMware
1162:VMware
1144:ArcaOS
1108:NetBSD
1103:NetBSD
992:Genode
749:, and
720:, and
716:&
460:HyperX
47:Status
5140:McASP
5108:Audio
5053:SMBus
5049:PMBus
5031:UNI/O
4971:HP-IL
4924:SATAe
4909:ESCON
4882:HIPPI
4714:NuBus
4669:CAMAC
4639:Q-Bus
4634:SMBus
4619:VAXBI
4516:wired
4372:EDSFF
4332:mSATA
4312:(USB)
4306:(SAS)
4179:Intel
4061:Intel
3260:(PDF)
3249:(PDF)
3222:(PDF)
2852:(PDF)
2827:(PDF)
2816:(PDF)
2679:(PDF)
2650:(PDF)
2592:(PDF)
2559:(PDF)
2452:(PDF)
2206:Intel
1987:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1951:(PDF)
1922:(PDF)
1892:(PDF)
1875:(PDF)
1854:(PDF)
1811:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1697:(PDF)
1658:(PDF)
1647:(PDF)
1618:(PDF)
1562:(PDF)
1551:(PDF)
1523:(PDF)
1466:(PDF)
1459:Intel
1455:(PDF)
1355:(PDF)
1330:(UFS)
1232:2016.
1081:macOS
1068:Linux
1062:Linux
1042:Apple
1007:Haiku
1002:Haiku
869:MSI-X
826:NVMe
736:Linux
706:Linux
666:over
594:EDSFF
588:lanes
485:NVMe
431:Intel
352:, or
342:buses
159:mSATA
115:) or
5197:AMBA
5135:MADI
5120:AES3
4981:MIDI
4934:NVMe
4930:AHCI
4892:SCSI
4877:DSSI
4852:ESDI
4729:SBus
4689:EISA
4624:MBus
4514:for
4507:and
4428:SSSI
4423:SNIA
4398:ONFI
4277:(FC)
4208:Goke
4187:FADU
4125:sTec
4120:HGST
4080:YMTC
4072:and
3984:MB/s
3979:IOPS
3776:2015
3726:2013
3405:2015
3347:PMID
3036:2015
3014:2013
2988:2012
2938:2015
2912:2015
2864:2020
2795:2021
2769:2022
2743:2022
2717:2021
2691:2021
2683:SPDK
2662:2021
2654:SPDK
2618:2021
2542:2021
2516:2021
2490:2021
2464:2021
2435:2021
2367:ISSN
2326:PMID
2243:2015
2213:2015
2188:2015
2158:2015
2132:2015
1998:2013
1933:2013
1904:2013
1709:2015
1666:2013
1286:The
1259:UEFI
1254:UEFI
1247:QEMU
1242:QEMU
1223:and
1196:and
1188:and
1138:OS/2
1130:AHCI
1128:and
1093:and
1075:5.9.
1052:and
1046:PCIe
1036:and
925:Yes
822:AHCI
768:SSDs
762:The
743:RoCE
714:RoCE
708:and
664:RDMA
660:RoCE
576:NGFF
527:PCIe
491:DRAM
406:and
346:SATA
182:AHCI
113:NVMe
100:.org
65:2011
58:2011
42:NVMe
5201:AXI
5130:I²S
5084:USB
5069:D²B
5064:SPI
5059:I3C
5041:I²C
4976:HIL
4961:DCB
4932:or
4919:SSA
4902:SAS
4862:SMD
4857:IPI
4779:AGP
4769:PXI
4759:PCI
4754:UPA
4734:VLB
4724:MCA
4709:VPX
4704:VXS
4699:VXI
4694:VME
4679:LPC
4649:ISA
4367:U.3
4362:U.2
4337:M.2
4233:SMI
4137:OCZ
3949:ECC
3337:PMC
3327:doi
2357:doi
2316:PMC
2306:doi
1308:M.2
1208:to
1028:iOS
784:RAM
747:TCP
732:TCP
718:TCP
650:TCP
590:).
566:M.2
560:M.2
539:U.2
495:FTL
389:USB
350:SAS
330:×4
209:M.2
201:U.2
178:I/O
155:M.2
137:NVM
76:2.1
5247::
5051:,
5047:,
3885:,
3875:,
3792:.
3767:.
3712:.
3688:.
3616:.
3591:.
3567:.
3542:.
3496:.
3472:.
3447:.
3421:.
3395:.
3345:.
3335:.
3325:.
3315:15
3313:.
3309:.
3283:.
3251:.
3224:.
3191:.
3170:.
3143:.
3118:.
3094:.
3070:.
3052:.
3004:.
2978:.
2954:.
2929:.
2902:.
2854:.
2818:.
2803:^
2785:.
2759:.
2733:.
2707:.
2681:.
2652:.
2609:.
2532:.
2506:.
2480:.
2454:.
2425:.
2414:^
2365:.
2353:10
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