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132:
426:
183:
838:
45:
160:
139:
1144:"Critical Decision 2" review, meaning roughly that its design, cost, schedule, and scientific goals had been approved. This also allowed the project to be included in the Department of Energy congressional budget request. (NOνA still required a "Critical Decision 3" review to begin construction.)
860:
interest. The final 72 planes are a "shower containment region" which observe the trailing portion of particle showers which began in the fiducial region. Finally, a 1.7 meter long "muon catcher" region is constructed of steel plates interleaved with 10 active planes of liquid scintillator.
1160:
left NOνA with no funds for the 2008 fiscal year to build its detector, pay its staff, or to continue in the pursuit of scientific results. However, in July 2008, Congress passed, and the
President signed, a supplemental budget bill, which included funding for NOνA, allowing the collaboration to
1155:
was cut by 52 million dollars. This bill explicitly stated that "Within funding for Proton
Accelerator-Based Physics, no funds are provided for the NOνA activity in Tevatron Complex Improvements." So although the NOνA project retained its approval from both the Department of Energy and Fermilab,
871:
The NOνA experiment includes scientists from a large number of institutions. Different institutions take on different tasks. The collaboration, and subgroups thereof, meets regularly via phone for weekly meetings, and in person several times a year. Participating institutions as of May 2024 are:
821:
The detector is designed as a pair of finely grained liquid scintillator detectors. The near detector is at
Fermilab and samples the unoscillated beam. The far detector is in northern Minnesota, and consists of about 500,000 cells, each 4 cm × 6 cm × 16 m, filled with liquid
859:
catcher. Although all the planes are identical, the first 6 are used as a veto region; particle showers which begin in them are assumed to not be neutrinos and ignored. The next 108 planes serve as the fiducial region; particle showers beginning in them are neutrino interactions of
1168:
beam on 15 December 2010. As a prototype, NDOS served the collaboration well in establishing a use case and suggesting improvements in the design of detector components that were later installed as a near detector at
Fermilab, and a far detector at Ash River, MN
1212:
Once construction of the NOvA building was complete, construction of the detector modules began. On 26 July 2012 the first module was laid in place. Placement and gluing of the modules continued over a year until the detector hall was filled.
601:
theory, the very small masses of neutrinos may be related to very large masses of particles that we do not yet have the technology to study directly. Neutrino measurements are then an indirect way of studying physics at extremely high energies.
634:
NOνA can potentially resolve the mass hierarchy because it operates at a relatively high energy. Of the experiments currently running it has the broadest scope for making this measurement unambiguously with least dependence on the value of
571:
can be measured because it modifies the probabilities of oscillation differently for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. The mass ordering, similarly, can be determined because the neutrinos pass through the Earth, which, through the
639:. Many future experiments that seek to make precision measurements of neutrino properties will rely on NOνA's measurement to know how to configure their apparatus for greatest accuracy, and how to interpret their results.
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809:
by being underground. However, NOνA is on the surface and relies on precise timing information and a well-defined beam energy to reduce spurious background counts. It is situated 810 km from the origin of the
584:
The neutrino masses and mixing angles are, to the best of our knowledge, fundamental constants of the universe. Measuring them is a basic requirement for our understanding of physics. Knowing the value of the
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818:(12 km) west of the beam's central axis. In this position, it samples a beam that has a much narrower energy distribution than if it were centrally located, further reducing the effect of backgrounds.
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489:
412:
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has been made. The absolute values of two mass squared differences are known, but because one is very small compared to the other, the ordering of the masses has not been determined.
321:, and any two of the three mass squared differences. There is currently no compelling theoretical reason to expect any particular value of, or relationship between, these parameters.
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2473:
605:
In our current theory of physics, there is no reason why the neutrino mixing angles should have any particular values. And yet, of the three neutrino mixing angles, only
1172:
689:
or the mass ordering, their measurement of the mixing angle is not dependent on knowledge of these parameters. The three experiments that have measured a value for
2483:
1395:
Ayres, D.S.; et al. (NOνA Collaboration) (2005). "NOνA proposal to build a 30 kiloton off-axis detector to study neutrino oscillations in the
Fermilab
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1046:
2130:
2026:
1151:, H.R. 2764, which cut the funding for high energy physics by 88 million dollars from the expected value of 782 million dollars. The budget of
723:
In addition to its primary physics goals, NOνA will be able to improve upon the measurements of the already measured oscillation parameters. NOνA, like
1164:
The NOνA prototype near detector (Near
Detector on Surface, or NDOS) began running at Fermilab in November and registered its first neutrinos from the
741:
which are currently not known to a high degree of precision. Its measurements in this area will complement other similar upcoming experiments, such as
855:
as massive. This 222 ton detector is constructed of 186 planes of scintillator-filled cells (6 blocks of 31 planes) followed by a
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2000:
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The first detection occurred on 11 February 2014 and construction completed in
September that year. Full operation began in October 2014.
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are less pronounced both at lower energies and shorter baselines, it is unable to resolve the mass ordering for the majority of possible values of
767:. Supernova data from NOνA can be correlated with that from Super-Kamiokande to study the matter effects on the oscillation of these neutrinos.
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experiments will also benefit from knowing the mass ordering, since the mass hierarchy affects the theoretical lifetimes of this process.
2005:
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1619:"House Amendments to Senate Amendment to H.R. 2764 – State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008"
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78:
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An, F. P.; et al. (Daya Bay
Collaboration) (8 March 2012). "Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay".
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To accomplish its physics goals, NOνA needs to be efficient at detecting electron neutrinos, which are expected to appear in the
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has been resolved as being neither maximal or minimal. If the measurements of NOνA and other future experiments continue to show
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Abe, K.; et al. (T2K Collaboration) (16 Apr 2014). "Observation of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam".
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McFarland, K.; et al. (MINERνA collaboration) (2006). "MINERνA: A dedicated neutrino scattering experiment at NuMI".
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of neutrinos participate in neutrino mixing, there are six variables that affect neutrino oscillation: the three angles
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1624:. Division C – Energy and Water. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008. p. 39 (PDF page 79. Archived from
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657:. It will have a 295 km baseline and will use lower energy neutrinos than NOνA, about 0.6 GeV. Since
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have been measured to be non-zero by several experiments but the most sensitive search for non-zero
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pass through 810 km of Earth to reach the far detector. NOνA's main goal is to observe the
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17:
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727:, is well suited to detecting muon neutrinos and so will be able to refine our knowledge of
646:, a neutrino beam experiment in Japan similar to NOνA. Like NOνA, it is intended to measure
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8:
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Precise measurement, for neutrinos and antineutrinos, of the associated mass splitting Δm
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2010:
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The NOνA near detector will be used to conduct measurements of neutrino interaction
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in France, which use 1-2 km baselines, optimized for observation of the first
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of muon neutrinos to electron neutrinos. The primary physics goals of NOvA are:
2247:
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782:(originally made only of muon neutrinos) as the result of neutrino oscillation.
186:
A comparison of the NOvA far and near detectors with the size of an Airbus A380.
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1715:
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917:, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics
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cable to collect the scintillation light, both ends of which lead to an
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excluding the non-appearance hypothesis with a significance of 7.3
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is resolvable by NOνA, it will be possible to obtain measurements of
254:, especially whether it is larger than, smaller than, or equal to 45°
207:
44:
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as minimal, it may suggest some as yet unknown symmetry of nature.
356:
211:
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560:{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }\rightarrow {\bar {\nu }}_{e}.}
114:
2367:
1568:. FYI Number 121. American Institute of Physics. 18 December 2007
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The near detector has the same general design, but is only about
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Oscillation probabilities, ignoring matter effects and assuming
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1589:"Fermilab budget slashed by $ 52 million, layoffs likely"
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2145:
2140:
2115:
1964:
1853:
1716:"Fermilab's 500 mile neutrino experiment up and running"
1566:"Budget cycle closing with disappointing DOE science outcome"
1426:. The T2K Collaboration (Letter of Intent). JHF. 21 Jan 2003.
802:
790:
724:
448:
246:
Precise measurement, for neutrinos and antineutrinos, of the
223:
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and NOνA, to scale. The red line is the central axis of the
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is near the current limit. NOνA will observe the first peak.
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and the mass squared differences between the neutrino mass
235:
215:
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28:
643:
371:
1437:
Cao, J. (27 Sep 2005). "Daya Bay
Neutrino Experiment".
226:, NOνA consists of two detectors, one at Fermilab (the
512:
457:
451:. It will measure it by searching for the transition
447:
than the previous generation of experiments, such as
380:
1741:"NOνA: a neutrino appearance experiment" article in
1047:
National
Institute of Science Education and Research
629:
1261:
1147:On 21 December 2007, President Bush signed an
841:The NOνA near detector. (More figures at Fermilab)
559:
483:
406:
270:Strong constraints on the neutrino mass hierarchy
2578:
1234:"Latest Oscillation Results from NOvA from NOvA"
440:NOνA is an order of magnitude more sensitive to
1786:Neutrino detectors, experiments, and facilities
1750:Photos of the construction of the NOνA detector
593:will help us understand why the universe has a
484:{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }\rightarrow \nu _{e}}
407:{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }\rightarrow \nu _{e}}
1670:"Fermilab saved from chopping block — for now"
1770:
1690:"First neutrinos for NOvA prototype detector"
1481:
789:Cross section of the earth showing Fermilab,
678:experiments also have the ability to measure
284:Neutrino oscillation is parameterized by the
1484:Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
1439:Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
1394:
898:Cochin University of Science and Technology
2546:BNO (Baksan or Baxan Neutrino Observatory)
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910:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
904:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
1718:. Interactions NewsWire. 6 October 2014.
1421:"Neutrino Oscillation Experiment at JHF"
1237:(Joint Experimental-Theoretical Physics)
1225:
982:Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
836:
784:
696:, in deceasing order of sensitivity are
506:and the mass ordering by also observing
424:
181:
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1322:
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1114:University of Virginia, Charlottesville
967:Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
801:Previous neutrino experiments, such as
14:
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1667:
1232:Radovic, Alexander (12 January 2018).
1079:University of South Carolina, Columbia
348:yielded only an upper limit. In 2012,
230:), and one in northern Minnesota (the
1758:
1587:Working, Russell (20 December 2007).
952:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
902:Institute of Computer Science of the
1651:"Index page for the whole Amendment"
1553:NOνA webpage: The NOvA Collaboration
1037:University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
941:Joint Institute For Nuclear Research
826:. Each cell contains a loop of bare
147:Location of NOvA Neutrino Experiment
222:. Intended to be the successor to
66:Ash River, Minnesota, United States
24:
1135:
893:California Institute of Technology
718:
25:
2608:
2510:Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment
1725:
1514:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.073
1461:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.057
752:Since it is capable of detecting
715:-controlled oscillation maximum.
642:An experiment similar to NOνA is
630:Relationship to other experiments
218:(Neutrinos at the Main Injector)
2587:Accelerator neutrino experiments
1653:. H.R. 2764. Archived from
1012:University of California, Irvine
992:Illinois Institute of Technology
866:
805:, have reduced backgrounds from
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158:
137:
130:
43:
1708:
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1129:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1124:The College of William and Mary
1069:Queen Mary University of London
1032:University of Minnesota, Duluth
1546:
1528:
1475:
1430:
1413:
1355:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.061802
1316:
1294:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.171803
1255:
1053:Institute for Nuclear Research
765:Supernova Early Warning System
670:Neutrinoless double beta decay
542:
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206:experiment designed to detect
49:Photo of the NOvA Far Detector
13:
1:
1827:Lederman–Schwartz–Steinberger
1696:. 21 December 2010. p. 1
1219:
1084:Southern Methodist University
957:Universidade Federal de Goias
763:, NOνA will form part of the
579:
495:beam. If a non-zero value of
2566:List of neutrino experiments
1668:Minkel, J.R. (7 July 2008).
1140:In late 2007, NOνA passed a
915:Charles University in Prague
908:Institute of Physics of the
685:. While they cannot measure
202:Appearance) experiment is a
138:
7:
1104:University of Texas, Austin
1074:University of South Alabama
878:Argonne National Laboratory
595:matter-antimatter asymmetry
10:
2613:
931:Czech Technical University
374:discovered the transition
263:Strong constraints on the
26:
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2019:
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1042:University of Mississippi
1027:Michigan State University
1022:Universidad del Magdalena
1017:University College London
926:Colorado State University
883:Universidad del Atlantico
770:
597:. Also, according to the
169:
156:
125:
109:
70:
62:
54:
42:
1119:Wichita State University
1064:University of Pittsburgh
962:Florida State University
921:University of Cincinnati
888:Banaras Hindu University
361:statistical significance
164:Related media on Commons
38:NOvA Neutrino Experiment
1734:NOνA's official website
1555:, retrieved 2024 May 31
1325:Physical Review Letters
1264:Physical Review Letters
987:University of Hyderabad
317:, a CP-violating phase
1241:NOvA Document Database
842:
798:
745:, which also uses the
668:The interpretation of
561:
485:
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408:
370:. The following year,
292:. Assuming that three
187:
1189:48.37912°N 92.83164°W
1149:omnibus spending bill
1007:Iowa State University
977:University of Houston
840:
788:
562:
486:
428:
409:
185:
94:48.37917°N 92.83361°W
2597:Fermilab experiments
1881:Neutrino oscillation
1657:on 26 December 2007.
1142:Department of Energy
1094:University of Sussex
1049:, Bhubaneswar, India
832:avalanche photodiode
510:
455:
418:. No measurement of
378:
359:to be non-zero to a
27:For other uses, see
2551:Kamioka Observatory
1675:Scientific American
1631:on 26 December 2007
1599:on 24 December 2007
1536:"Detector overview"
1506:2006NuPhS.159..107M
1347:2014PhRvL.112f1802A
1286:2012PhRvL.108q1803A
1194:48.37912; -92.83164
1184: /
1099:Syracuse University
1089:Stanford University
936:University of Delhi
704:in South Korea and
346:Chooz collaboration
234:). Neutrinos from
99:48.37917; -92.83361
90: /
39:
1002:University of Iowa
997:Indiana University
972:Harvard University
947:Erciyes University
843:
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481:
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58:NOvA collaboration
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2308:Heidelberg-Moscow
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2032:ICARUS (Fermilab)
1542:. NOνA. Fermilab.
1200:NOνA far detector
1161:resume its work.
1059:Panjab University
814:beam and 14
545:
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16:(Redirected from
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1975:Super-Kamiokande
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275:Physics goals
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228:near detector
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30:
19:
2515:NEMO Project
2273:Double Chooz
2180:Construction
2056:
1912:Astronomical
1800:Cowan–Reines
1742:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1673:
1663:
1655:the original
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1592:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1560:
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1245:. Retrieved
1240:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1163:
1146:
1139:
870:
862:
844:
824:scintillator
820:
816:milliradians
800:
774:
751:
736:
728:
722:
709:
706:Double Chooz
690:
686:
679:
674:
667:
662:
654:
647:
641:
636:
633:
620:
613:
606:
604:
590:
587:CP violating
583:
568:
503:
496:
441:
439:
430:
419:
415:
366:
349:
338:
331:
324:
323:
318:
311:
304:
297:
283:
265:CP-violating
248:mixing angle
232:far detector
231:
227:
191:
189:
55:Organization
2121:KamLAND-Zen
2020:Accelerator
1898:(divided by
1793:Discoveries
1700:22 December
1635:21 December
1603:21 December
1572:21 December
1490:: 107–112.
1445:: 229–230.
1399:beamline".
1192: /
828:fiber optic
807:cosmic rays
290:eigenstates
286:PMNS matrix
240:oscillation
97: /
72:Coordinates
34:Observatory
2581:Categories
2338:Kamiokande
2293:Gargamelle
2197:Baikal-GVD
2052:NA61/SHINE
2037:MicroBooNE
1220:References
1198: (
1179:92°49′54″W
1176:48°22′45″N
761:supernovas
700:in China,
589:parameter
580:Importance
574:MSW effect
198:Off-Axis ν
82:48°22′45″N
2493:Cancelled
2313:Homestake
2263:Cuoricino
2227:SuperNEMO
2047:MiniBooNE
1896:Operating
1338:1311.4750
1277:1203.1669
1243:. Femilab
754:neutrinos
543:¯
540:ν
533:→
528:μ
521:¯
518:ν
473:ν
469:→
464:μ
460:ν
396:ν
392:→
387:μ
383:ν
365:5.2
208:neutrinos
85:92°50′1″W
2592:Fermilab
2539:See also
2484:WATCHMAN
2434:JEM-EUSO
2417:Proposed
2403:Soudan 2
2393:SciBooNE
2126:MAJORANA
2076:Collider
1996:Daya Bay
1940:Borexino
1902:neutrino
1745:magazine
1743:Symmetry
1540:fnal.gov
1522:14356072
1363:24580687
1310:16580300
1302:22680853
1247:30 March
1158:Congress
1153:Fermilab
1055:, Moscow
758:galactic
698:Daya Bay
357:Daya Bay
212:Fermilab
63:Location
2464:Nucifer
2283:EXO-200
2236:Retired
2192:ARIANNA
2088:SND@LHC
2042:MINERνA
2001:KamLAND
1989:Reactor
1955:IceCube
1925:ANTARES
1904:source)
1900:primary
1886:SN 1987
1502:Bibcode
1371:2586182
1343:Bibcode
1282:Bibcode
943:, Dubna
850:⁄
743:MINERνA
676:Reactor
344:by the
294:flavors
267:phase δ
110:Website
2561:SNOLAB
2505:LAGUNA
2449:LEGEND
2368:MINOS+
2343:KARMEN
2318:ICARUS
2288:GALLEX
2243:AMANDA
2222:KM3NeT
2162:KATRIN
2136:PandaX
2011:STEREO
1871:τ
1866:ν
1844:μ
1839:ν
1812:ν
1520:
1469:242130
1467:
1369:
1361:
1308:
1300:
771:Design
749:beam.
310:, and
157:
2530:BOREX
2469:P-ONE
2439:GRAND
2424:CUPID
2383:OPERA
2363:MINOS
2358:MACRO
2298:GERDA
2268:DONUT
2253:Chooz
2167:WITCH
2155:Other
2146:XMASS
2116:CUORE
2111:COBRA
2106:AMoRE
2083:FASER
2027:ANNIE
1980:SNEWS
1965:NEVOD
1935:BDUNT
1920:ANITA
1854:DONUT
1629:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1518:S2CID
1492:arXiv
1465:S2CID
1447:arXiv
1424:(PDF)
1401:arXiv
1367:S2CID
1333:arXiv
1306:S2CID
1272:arXiv
803:MINOS
797:beam.
791:MINOS
756:from
725:MINOS
449:MINOS
224:MINOS
171:[
117:.fnal
2556:LNGS
2474:SBND
2454:LENA
2429:nEXO
2408:Utah
2388:RICE
2378:NEMO
2373:NARC
2353:LSND
2323:IGEX
2278:ERPM
2258:CNGS
2248:CDHS
2217:JUNO
2207:DUNE
2202:BEST
2141:SNO+
2131:NEXT
2098:0νββ
2062:NuMI
2057:NOvA
2006:RENO
1970:SAGE
1950:HALO
1945:BUST
1702:2010
1637:2007
1605:2007
1574:2007
1397:NuMI
1359:PMID
1298:PMID
1249:2018
1166:NuMI
857:muon
812:NuMI
795:NuMI
780:beam
777:NuMI
747:NuMI
702:RENO
653:and
493:NuMI
330:and
236:NuMI
220:beam
216:NuMI
196:NuMI
192:NOνA
190:The
119:.gov
29:Nova
18:NOνA
2525:SOX
2479:UNO
2444:INO
2398:SNO
2348:KGF
2333:K2K
2328:IMB
2303:GNO
2187:ARA
2067:T2K
1960:LVD
1930:ASD
1510:doi
1488:159
1457:doi
1443:155
1351:doi
1329:112
1290:doi
1268:108
1209:).
852:200
644:T2K
372:T2K
363:of
214:'s
210:in
2583::
1692:.
1672:.
1591:.
1538:.
1516:.
1508:.
1500:.
1486:.
1463:.
1455:.
1441:.
1379:^
1365:.
1357:.
1349:.
1341:.
1327:.
1304:.
1296:.
1288:.
1280:.
1266:.
1239:.
734:.
732:23
713:13
694:13
683:13
665:.
651:13
624:13
617:23
610:12
500:13
445:13
434:13
353:13
342:13
335:12
328:23
315:13
308:23
303:,
301:12
259:32
252:23
1877:)
1856:(
1850:)
1829:(
1823:)
1817:e
1802:(
1778:e
1771:t
1764:v
1704:.
1678:.
1639:.
1607:.
1576:.
1524:.
1512::
1504::
1494::
1471:.
1459::
1449::
1409:.
1403::
1373:.
1353::
1345::
1335::
1312:.
1292::
1284::
1274::
1251:.
1202:)
1169:(
848:1
729:θ
710:θ
691:θ
687:δ
680:θ
663:δ
655:δ
648:θ
637:δ
621:θ
614:θ
607:θ
591:δ
569:δ
555:.
550:e
504:δ
497:θ
477:e
442:θ
431:θ
420:δ
416:σ
400:e
367:σ
350:θ
339:θ
332:θ
325:θ
319:δ
312:θ
305:θ
298:θ
250:θ
200:e
194:(
175:]
31:.
20:)
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