2176:
2166:
166:
2142:
64:
2154:
1832:
56:
236:
Additionally, the controller had hardware assist features for drawing straight lines and sectors of circles. It would draw pixels along a line, a circular arc or from user defined characters in under 800 ns. This released the host computer to continue other processing while the drawing operation
215:. NEC deployed the chip in other computers, such as the NEC PC-9801, and NEC's APC II and later APC III computers, and also released it to other manufacturers in Japan, starting in 1982. The same year, the 7220 was revealed in North America by NEC Information Systems, the US arm of NEC.
233:, those with a μPD7220 had access to a, for the time, sophisticated graphics co-processor. The controller could either be used as a simple character display with user defined typefaces and simultaneously as an all-points addressable graphics display.
307:
pointed out that the Lisa primarily used raster graphics (known as bitmap graphics at the time), which could be implemented with less expensive hardware support. Instead, graphics primitives were written in software. Development manager
312:
added that although the team knew about the 7220, it was not quite available when the design began. There were also restrictions on when the display memory could be accessed: only during certain times in the
196:). An optional graphics-only display board, sporting a second μPD7220 chip (operating in graphics mode), "merged" the text and graphics video through an XOR port (on each of the
403:
Two I/O channels are used, addressing A0 and A1. Reading A0 retrieves the 7220 status. Reading A1 fetches the first byte from the internal queue. Writing to the 7220 uses both
244:
that were difficult to comprehensively support with character-based displays. The large memory space, combined with hardware viewport registers permitted smooth high-speed
299:
A few years after its introduction, one journalist said "The 7220 GDC chip is a component that even some of NEC's competitors have found too good to pass up." When the
1616:
211:
In 1981, an
English language paper written in 1980 by Tetsuji Oguchi, Misao Higuchi, Takashi Uno, Michiori Kamaya and Munekazu Suzuki was published in the
809:
969:
529:
212:
411:
data path. Parts were available with clocks running from 4 MHz to 5.5 MHz, which was considered relatively high-performance for the time.
710:
347:
1085:
173:
The project was started in 1979, with trial production in 1980 and mass production starting in
December 1981. It was first used in the NEC
1698:
1466:
1021:
1611:
1295:
999:
962:
916:
685:"An Interview with Wayne Rosing, Bruce Daniels, and Larry Tesler: A behind-the-scenes look at the development of Apple's Lisa"
1048:
1247:
774:
Intel
Corporation, "Cover Story: A Picture of The Future: Drawing On Computers", Solutions, November/December 1983, Page 2
561:
496:
911:
2200:
1259:
1242:
1220:
955:
468:
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1176:
2012:
518:
324:
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154:
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1943:
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2017:
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around the display at high speed and the controller kept focused on the more complex rendering tasks.
1911:
1519:
1004:
2146:
1810:
1735:
1684:
1631:
1325:
978:
278:
interface that synchronised the pixel clock to input signals without additional processor support.
91:
87:
17:
2205:
1752:
431:
281:
241:
146:
153:
chip, enabling the design of low-cost, high-performance video graphics cards such as those from
2169:
2038:
1740:
1440:
926:
836:
597:
Tetsuji Oguchi; Misao
Higuchi; Takashi Uno; Michiori Kamaya; Munekazu Suzuki (February 1981).
458:
2022:
1916:
1767:
1757:
1745:
1626:
1587:
1398:
1330:
643:
293:
145:
The μPD7220 was one of the first implementations of a graphics display processor as a single
2158:
1594:
1572:
1551:
1346:
1320:
1269:
1237:
407:; A1 for writing the command, A0 for writing the parameters to the queue. The parts had an
252:
880:
8:
1884:
1815:
1653:
1599:
1493:
1290:
1141:
757:
684:
404:
303:
was announced in 1983, the press raised questions on why the popular 7220 was not used.
1643:
1300:
1203:
704:
621:
192:
processor on a 16-bit bus, and came with a text-only display board using a μPD7220 (in
150:
1953:
259:
to and from the controller memory at bus-limited rates. In this way, bitmaps could be
218:
By 1983, it was used in other early computers, from NEC and other companies including
2095:
2048:
1800:
1636:
1435:
1310:
1198:
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464:
320:
223:
625:
2100:
2080:
2043:
1855:
1648:
1621:
1556:
1534:
1498:
1430:
613:
606:
1981 IEEE International Solid-State
Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers
314:
110:
had superior graphics compared to competing models. The chip was first used in the
127:
2105:
2085:
1604:
1529:
1264:
1208:
1075:
932:
456:
230:
197:
131:
95:
386:
20 Advanced
Graphics Display Controller (AGDC) which was faster and supported a
240:
The high-resolution capability permitted support for glyph-based languages like
2115:
2064:
1445:
1171:
859:
758:"A graphics system design based on the INTEL 82720 graphics display controller"
733:
617:
553:
488:
135:
123:
115:
68:
1963:
1958:
1080:
2194:
1779:
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1225:
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304:
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111:
1805:
1488:
1063:
1041:
1036:
947:
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672:
598:
353:
309:
346:. Announced in 1982, it was the first of what would become a long line of
2110:
1658:
1476:
1351:
1151:
1090:
271:
188:
or "Advanced
Personal Computer") in 1981. The N5200 sported a 5 MHz
165:
139:
1546:
1514:
1471:
1361:
1126:
1058:
300:
189:
185:
119:
107:
94:, capable of drawing lines, circles, arcs, and character graphics to a
63:
2005:
1577:
1136:
1014:
365:
275:
245:
193:
457:
F. Robert A. Hopgood; Roger J. Hubbold; David A. Duce, eds. (1986).
2000:
1524:
1009:
260:
179:
200:
signals) in hardware. The only OS on the original NEC APC was the
2090:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1921:
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1418:
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interface. It was named one of the "Top 100" products of 1987 by
205:
1774:
1762:
1315:
1305:
1191:
1186:
1116:
1070:
1053:
1031:
387:
356:(the German Democratic Republic) produced a replica designated
289:
256:
881:"μPD7220/GDC, μPD7220-1/μPD7220-2 Graphics Display Controller"
1968:
1541:
1423:
1408:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1356:
432:"Graphics with the NEC 7220: Direct access with Turbo Pascal"
408:
339:
174:
103:
157:. It was one of the best known graphics chips of the 1980s.
55:
1988:
1831:
1413:
1403:
1181:
644:"NEC's 7220 GDC chip allows high-resolution color graphics"
609:
372:
361:
285:
1948:
1707:
99:
1676:
229:
While most computers used memory mapped character, or
554:"Daves Old Computers - Nippon Electric Company - APC"
860:"Graphics Display Controller simplifies programming"
296:platforms on otherwise limited hardware platforms.
106:character set efficiently, which explains why the
726:
76:High-Performance Graphics Display Controller 7220
2192:
489:"LSI Products that I was involved in the design"
762:ETD Collection for University of Texas, el Paso
575:
443:(Translation of "Grafik mit dem 7220 von NEC",
837:"Integrierte Schaltkreise: Schaltkreis U82720"
375:(CMOS) variant was given the designation μPD72
1692:
963:
49:μPD72120 Advanced Graphics Display Controller
977:
709:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
641:
292:systems and formed the basis of early 1980s
912:uPD7220/uPD7220A User Manual, December 1985
475:Perhaps the best known one is the NEC 7220.
1830:
1699:
1685:
970:
956:
599:"A single-chip graphic display controller"
722:
720:
164:
114:and in later computers, such as the NEC
62:
54:
425:
423:
373:complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
266:The controller could address a maximum
14:
2193:
817:. Intel, reprinted from NEC. July 1983
667:
665:
382:A follow-on project produced the μPD72
342:licensed the design and called it the
1680:
951:
717:
519:"Abstract History of GDC Development"
429:
2153:
917:uPD7220/uPD7220A Design Manual, 1982
755:
637:
635:
581:
420:
1296:Input–output memory management unit
662:
586:(in Japanese). 丸善株式会社. p. 254.
128:graphics module for the DEC Rainbow
24:
516:
486:
255:hardware made it possible to move
25:
2222:
922:Source code of driver for CP/M-86
905:
785:"Intel Corporation Annual Report"
737:. Digital Acoustics. pp. 8–9
632:
344:82720 graphics display controller
2175:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2141:
2140:
727:Hal W. Hardenberg (April 1983).
460:Advances in Computer Graphics II
323:variants of NEC μPD7220 use the
126:, the NECcomputer, the optional
873:
852:
829:
802:
777:
768:
749:
642:David Needle (March 21, 1983).
584:マイクロコンピュータシリーズ15 8086マイクロコンピュータ
564:from the original on 2021-04-20
535:from the original on 2019-03-13
499:from the original on 2021-05-16
348:Intel graphics processing units
184:(known in North America as the
590:
546:
510:
480:
450:
102:(NEC) in order to support the
13:
1:
729:"An Introduction to the 7220"
414:
220:Digital Equipment Corporation
155:Number Nine Visual Technology
98:display. It was developed by
869:. May 14, 1987. p. 106.
811:82720 GDC Application Manual
756:Tsay, Changon (1986-01-01).
398:
270:pixel display with four-bit
7:
1917:NEC Philips Unified Systems
1893:Sharp NEC Display Solutions
330:
208:support was added in 1982.
10:
2227:
1872:Japan Aviation Electronics
1731:NEC Corporation of America
927:7220 and 72020 data sheets
618:10.1109/ISSCC.1981.1156160
160:
2201:Graphics processing units
2124:
2073:
2057:
2031:
1934:
1912:NEC Mobile Communications
1904:
1848:
1839:
1828:
1788:
1723:
1714:
1565:
1507:
1459:
1339:
1278:
1164:
1109:
992:
985:
463:. Springer. p. 169.
45:
40:
32:
1811:Reveal Computer Products
1736:NEC Laboratories America
1326:Video display controller
979:Graphics processing unit
582:田辺皓正, ed. (1983-04-30).
92:Graphics processing unit
88:video display controller
1753:NEC Solution Innovators
1706:
447:, 1986, H11, pp. 54-65)
147:Large Scale Integration
100:Nippon Electric Company
2039:Walter Tenney Carleton
1741:NEC Software Solutions
1441:Shared graphics memory
170:
71:
60:
1768:Netcracker Technology
1758:NEC Unified Solutions
1627:Hardware acceleration
1331:Video processing unit
430:Dampf, Guido (1986).
169:μPD7220 block diagram
168:
134:Decision Mate V, the
66:
58:
1552:Performance per watt
1321:Texture mapping unit
1270:Unified shader model
933:"Article on μPD7220"
890:. NEC. April 7, 1983
612:. pp. 170–171.
253:Direct memory access
2211:NEC microprocessors
2180:Video game consoles
2023:Video game consoles
1885:Renesas Electronics
1816:Zenith Data Systems
1494:Integrated graphics
558:Daves Old Computers
335:Variants included:
251:Compatibility with
231:bit-mapped displays
29:
2013:Personal computers
1935:Products, services
1840:Joint ventures and
1644:Parallel computing
1520:Display resolution
1301:Render output unit
1291:Geometry processor
940:Nikkei Electronics
867:Electronics Design
839:. Robotron Technik
392:Electronics Design
171:
151:integrated circuit
72:
61:
27:
2188:
2187:
2096:NEC Green Rockets
2049:Tadahiro Sekimoto
1930:
1929:
1826:
1825:
1801:Electronic Arrays
1674:
1673:
1489:External graphics
1472:Discrete graphics
1436:Memory controller
1199:Graphics pipeline
1160:
1159:
691:. pp. 90–114
683:(February 1983).
517:Oguchi, Tetsuji.
487:Oguchi, Tetsuji.
321:IBM PC compatible
284:was available on
224:Wang Laboratories
108:APC computer line
53:
52:
16:(Redirected from
2218:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2129:Now wholly owned
2101:NEC Karuizawa 72
2081:NEC Blue Rockets
2044:Kunihiko Iwadare
1922:Sony NEC Optiarc
1897:
1889:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1856:Alaxala Networks
1846:
1845:
1834:
1806:Packard Bell NEC
1721:
1720:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1649:Vector processor
1632:Image processing
1622:Graphics library
1557:Transistor count
1499:System on a chip
1431:Memory bandwidth
1311:Stream processor
990:
989:
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650:. pp. 31–34
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360:, used with the
315:vertical refresh
274:. It included a
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2106:NEC Red Rockets
2091:NEC Cup (Japan)
2086:NEC Cup (China)
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2027:
1944:Microprocessors
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1265:Tiled rendering
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364:replica of the
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267:
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15:
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2206:Graphics chips
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2116:Sumitomo Group
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2065:NEC Supertower
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2018:Supercomputers
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888:The data sheet
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734:DTACK Grounded
716:
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631:
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526:Oguchi R&D
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493:Oguchi R&D
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2014:
2011:
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2002:
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1996:Mobile phones
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1937:and standards
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1717:subsidiaries
1654:Video coding
1255:Tessellation
1165:Architecture
939:
892:. Retrieved
887:
875:
866:
854:
841:. Retrieved
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819:. Retrieved
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804:
792:. Retrieved
779:
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739:. Retrieved
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693:. Retrieved
688:
681:Larry Tesler
673:Wayne Rosing
652:. Retrieved
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566:. Retrieved
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537:. Retrieved
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501:. Retrieved
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435:. Retrieved
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391:
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354:East Germany
343:
334:
319:
310:Wayne Rosing
298:
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272:colour depth
265:
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239:
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217:
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144:
83:
79:
75:
73:
33:Release date
2111:NEC Shun-Ei
1954:μCOM series
1880:NEC BIGLOBE
1796:NEC BIGLOBE
1637:Compression
1508:Performance
1460:Form factor
1352:Framebuffer
1316:Tensor unit
1306:Shader unit
1238:Ray-tracing
1177:Fabrication
1152:Intel 2700G
1086:3dfx Voodoo
1081:NEC µPD7220
849:(in German)
371:The faster
268:1024 × 1024
237:continued.
178: [
140:Epson QX-10
28:NEC μPD7220
2195:Categories
1547:Frame rate
1515:Clock rate
1477:Clustering
1279:Components
1059:Radeon Pro
648:Info World
568:2021-11-02
539:2021-11-02
503:2021-11-02
415:References
301:Apple Lisa
190:Intel 8086
138:, and the
96:bit-mapped
78:(commonly
2170:Computers
1578:Scrolling
1482:Switching
1137:VideoCore
705:cite news
405:registers
399:Internals
366:Zilog Z80
276:light pen
246:scrolling
194:text mode
112:NEC N5200
46:Successor
2147:Category
1525:Fillrate
1204:Geometry
1064:Instinct
894:July 29,
843:July 27,
794:July 27,
764:: 1–152.
741:July 31,
695:July 29,
654:July 29,
626:20765458
562:Archived
530:Archived
497:Archived
331:Variants
242:Japanese
86:) is a
84:NEC 7220
69:PC-9801F
59:μPD7220A
18:NEC 7220
2159:Commons
1964:µPD7720
1959:µPD7220
1905:Defunct
1864:Anritsu
1849:Current
1789:Defunct
1724:Current
1605:Texture
1535:Texel/s
1530:Pixel/s
1467:IP core
1419:HBM-PIM
1286:Blitter
1260:T&L
1231:Shading
1147:Imageon
1142:Vivante
1132:PowerVR
1096:Glaze3D
1027:GeForce
993:Desktop
821:May 30,
437:27 July
325:ISA bus
317:cycle.
261:Blitted
257:bitmaps
186:NEC APC
161:Details
124:APC III
116:PC-9801
80:μPD7220
67:On NEC
41:History
36:1981-12
2058:Places
2032:People
1775:Avaloq
1763:Avaloq
1583:Sprite
1542:FLOP/s
1340:Memory
1209:Vertex
1192:MOSFET
1187:FinFET
1117:Adreno
1110:Mobile
1071:Matrox
1054:Radeon
1032:Quadro
1022:Nvidia
679:, and
624:
467:
388:16-bit
358:U82720
290:MS-DOS
206:CPM/86
204:, but
149:(LSI)
130:, the
120:APC II
90:and a
2074:Other
2006:N343i
1969:R4200
1896:(34%)
1888:(34%)
1875:(25%)
1859:(40%)
1659:Codec
1617:GPGPU
1424:HBM3E
1409:HBM2E
1392:GDDR7
1387:GDDR6
1382:GDDR5
1377:GDDR4
1372:GDDR3
1367:GDDR2
1357:SGRAM
1042:Tegra
1037:Tesla
1000:Intel
936:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
815:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
622:S2CID
602:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
522:(PDF)
409:8-bit
340:Intel
182:]
175:N5200
104:Kanji
2134:Sold
2001:e616
1989:V850
1867:(7%)
1666:VLIW
1612:ASIC
1588:Tile
1566:Misc
1451:VRAM
1414:HBM3
1404:HBM2
1362:GDDR
1248:SIMT
1243:SIMD
1182:CMOS
1127:Mali
896:2013
845:2013
823:2024
796:2013
743:2013
711:link
697:2013
656:2013
610:IEEE
465:ISBN
439:2013
362:U880
288:and
286:CP/M
222:and
213:IEEE
122:and
74:The
1984:V60
1979:V25
1974:V20
1949:78K
1780:KMD
1708:NEC
1399:HBM
1347:DMA
1221:MAC
1049:AMD
1015:Arc
986:GPU
614:doi
379:20.
294:CAD
282:GKS
198:RGB
132:NCR
82:or
2197::
1746:UK
1600:GI
1595:3D
1573:2D
1091:S3
1010:Xe
1005:GT
938:.
886:.
865:.
760:.
731:.
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707:}}
703:{{
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