129:
32:
532:
The N-terminus can be modified by the addition of a myristoyl anchor. Proteins that are modified this way contain a consensus motif at their N-terminus as a modification signal.
380:. The N-terminal amino acid of a protein is an important determinant of its half-life (likelihood of being degraded). This is called the
466:
Protein N-termini can be modified co - or post-translationally. Modifications include the removal of initiator methionine (iMet) by
739:
237:, and a free amine group on the other end called the N-terminus. By convention, peptide sequences are written N-terminus to
233:
group of another amino acid, making it a chain. That leaves a free carboxylic group at one end of the peptide, called the
635:"N-terminal modifications of cellular proteins:The enzymes involved, their substrate specificities and biological effects"
96:
617:
68:
550:
anchor to form N-acetylated proteins. The most common form of such modification is the addition of a palmitoyl group.
115:
253:, it is created from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, as amino acids are added to the carboxyl end of the protein.
75:
336:
53:
571:, their cleavage site specificity, substrates, inhibitors and protein termini originating from their activity
82:
304:) during the elongation stage of translation, attaches to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. Since the
399:
49:
590:
749:
64:
454:
The N-terminal chloroplast targeting peptide (cpTP) allows for the protein to be imported into the
285:
chain. The chain has two ends – an amine group, the N-terminus, and an unbound carboxyl group, the
42:
503:
498:
242:
411:
293:
246:
300:, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The amino end of an amino acid (on a charged
514:. It has been suggested that N-terminal acetylation can prevent a protein from following a
361:
274:
229:) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amine group is bonded to the
8:
89:
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683:
659:
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329:
128:
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664:
613:
515:
403:
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266:
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230:
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527:
467:
439:
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365:
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443:
419:
297:
250:
719:
668:
650:
479:
471:
321:
309:
301:
270:
249:
direction to the text direction, because when a protein is translated from
133:
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423:
376:. The signal peptide is typically removed at the destination by a signal
369:
325:
305:
218:
559:
547:
507:
415:
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238:
234:
684:"Towards a Functional Understanding of Protein N-Terminal Acetylation"
511:
475:
427:
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20:
343:, and therefore may have different amino acids at their N-terminus.
31:
568:
357:
564:
282:
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182:
176:
169:
149:
141:
356:
The N-terminus is the first part of the protein that exits the
179:
173:
159:
145:
137:
172:). This tetrapeptide could be encoded by the mRNA sequence 5'-
278:
262:
222:
608:
Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith G.; Pratt, Charlotte W. (2013).
610:
546:
The N-terminus can also be modified by the addition of a
506:
is a form of protein modification that can occur in both
402:(SRP) and results in the targeting of the protein to the
277:
that joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the
19:"N-term" redirects here. For the divergence test, see
281:
group of the next in a head-to-tail manner to form a
372:" that direct delivery of the protein to the proper
398:The N-terminal signal peptide is recognized by the
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
442:(mtTP) allows the protein to be imported into the
433:
595:Michigan State University Department of Chemistry
731:
601:
482:, and the addition of membrane anchors, such as
449:
158:highlighted N-terminal α-amino acid (example: L-
351:
470:, attachment of small chemical groups such as
410:, these proteins are synthesized at the rough
607:
335:, fMet). However, some proteins are modified
461:
168:marked C-terminal α-amino acid (example: L-
709:
699:
658:
492:
426:, signal peptides target proteins to the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:
681:
632:
418:, the proteins are exported across the
732:
588:
316:, most protein sequences start with a
269:. Amino acids link to one another by
612:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
521:
13:
339:, for example, by cleavage from a
14:
761:
567:, a scientific database covering
387:
682:Arnesen, Thomas (May 31, 2011).
30:
740:Post-translational modification
434:Mitochondrial targeting peptide
163:
41:needs additional citations for
675:
626:
589:Reusch, William (5 May 2013).
582:
535:
153:
1:
575:
450:Chloroplast targeting peptide
438:The N-terminal mitochondrial
701:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001074
352:N-terminal targeting signals
256:
7:
553:
400:signal recognition particle
346:
10:
766:
633:Varland (April 21, 2015).
539:
525:
496:
391:
368:sequences, "intracellular
18:
591:"Peptides & Proteins"
312:codes for the amino acid
462:N-terminal modifications
221:, referring to the free
328:, the modified version
261:Each amino acid has an
245:). This correlates the
651:10.1002/pmic.201400619
504:N-terminal acetylation
499:N-terminal acetylation
493:N-terminal acetylation
186:
16:Start of a polypeptide
412:endoplasmic reticulum
273:which form through a
131:
364:. It often contains
362:protein biosynthesis
275:dehydration reaction
241:, left to right (in
213:) is the start of a
50:improve this article
337:posttranslationally
243:LTR writing systems
193:(also known as the
320:(or, in bacteria,
292:When a protein is
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750:Protein structure
516:secretory pathway
440:targeting peptide
416:prokaryotic cells
404:secretory pathway
341:protein precursor
333:-formylmethionine
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645:(14): 2385–401.
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522:N-Myristoylation
488:myristoyl groups
408:eukaryotic cells
267:carboxylic group
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694:(5): e1001074.
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542:Palmitoylation
540:Main article:
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528:Myristoylation
526:Main article:
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497:Main article:
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394:Signal peptide
392:Main article:
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388:Signal peptide
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366:signal peptide
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211:amine-terminus
207:N-terminal end
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195:amino-terminus
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298:messenger RNA
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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688:PLOS Biology
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424:chloroplasts
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370:postal codes
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326:chloroplasts
322:mitochondria
310:genetic code
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265:group and a
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134:tetrapeptide
112:
106:January 2017
103:
93:
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65:"N-terminus"
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
536:N-Acylation
508:prokaryotes
456:chloroplast
306:start codon
283:polypeptide
247:translation
219:polypeptide
734:Categories
639:Proteomics
576:References
560:C-terminus
548:fatty acid
512:eukaryotes
428:thylakoids
382:N-end rule
318:methionine
314:methionine
294:translated
287:C-terminus
239:C-terminus
235:C-terminus
231:carboxylic
225:group (-NH
191:N-terminus
136:(example:
76:newspapers
569:proteases
484:palmitoyl
476:propionyl
378:peptidase
374:organelle
257:Chemistry
203:-terminus
21:Term test
745:Proteins
720:21655309
669:25914051
554:See also
358:ribosome
347:Function
711:3104970
660:4692089
565:TopFIND
360:during
308:of the
215:protein
170:alanine
152:) with
90:scholar
718:
708:
667:
657:
616:
480:methyl
472:acetyl
162:) and
160:valine
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
422:. In
414:. In
406:. In
296:from
279:amine
263:amine
223:amine
155:green
97:JSTOR
83:books
716:PMID
665:PMID
614:ISBN
510:and
486:and
478:and
324:and
302:tRNA
189:The
185:-3'.
165:blue
69:news
706:PMC
696:doi
655:PMC
647:doi
217:or
209:or
183:GCU
180:AGU
177:GGU
174:GUU
150:Ala
146:Ser
142:Gly
138:Val
52:by
736::
714:.
704:.
690:.
686:.
663:.
653:.
643:15
641:.
637:.
593:.
518:.
474:,
458:.
446:.
430:.
384:.
289:.
205:,
199:NH
197:,
132:A
722:.
698::
692:9
671:.
649::
622:.
597:.
331:N
227:2
201:2
148:-
144:-
140:-
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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