140:
43:
543:
The N-terminus can be modified by the addition of a myristoyl anchor. Proteins that are modified this way contain a consensus motif at their N-terminus as a modification signal.
391:. The N-terminal amino acid of a protein is an important determinant of its half-life (likelihood of being degraded). This is called the
477:
Protein N-termini can be modified co - or post-translationally. Modifications include the removal of initiator methionine (iMet) by
750:
248:, and a free amine group on the other end called the N-terminus. By convention, peptide sequences are written N-terminus to
244:
group of another amino acid, making it a chain. That leaves a free carboxylic group at one end of the peptide, called the
646:"N-terminal modifications of cellular proteins:The enzymes involved, their substrate specificities and biological effects"
107:
628:
79:
561:
anchor to form N-acetylated proteins. The most common form of such modification is the addition of a palmitoyl group.
126:
264:, it is created from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, as amino acids are added to the carboxyl end of the protein.
86:
347:
64:
17:
582:, their cleavage site specificity, substrates, inhibitors and protein termini originating from their activity
93:
315:) during the elongation stage of translation, attaches to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. Since the
410:
60:
601:
760:
75:
465:
The N-terminal chloroplast targeting peptide (cpTP) allows for the protein to be imported into the
296:
chain. The chain has two ends – an amine group, the N-terminus, and an unbound carboxyl group, the
53:
514:
509:
253:
422:
304:
257:
311:, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The amino end of an amino acid (on a charged
525:. It has been suggested that N-terminal acetylation can prevent a protein from following a
372:
285:
240:) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amine group is bonded to the
8:
100:
721:
694:
670:
645:
340:
139:
755:
726:
675:
624:
526:
414:
351:
716:
706:
665:
657:
277:
711:
498:
494:
241:
552:
538:
478:
450:
404:
376:
744:
454:
430:
308:
261:
730:
679:
661:
490:
482:
332:
320:
312:
281:
260:
direction to the text direction, because when a protein is translated from
144:
466:
434:
387:. The signal peptide is typically removed at the destination by a signal
380:
336:
316:
229:
570:
558:
518:
426:
392:
328:
324:
297:
249:
245:
695:"Towards a Functional Understanding of Protein N-Terminal Acetylation"
522:
486:
438:
418:
388:
384:
31:
354:, and therefore may have different amino acids at their N-terminus.
42:
579:
368:
575:
293:
225:
193:
187:
180:
160:
152:
367:
The N-terminus is the first part of the protein that exits the
190:
184:
170:
156:
148:
183:). This tetrapeptide could be encoded by the mRNA sequence 5'-
289:
273:
233:
619:
Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith G.; Pratt, Charlotte W. (2013).
621:
557:
The N-terminus can also be modified by the addition of a
517:
is a form of protein modification that can occur in both
413:(SRP) and results in the targeting of the protein to the
288:
that joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the
30:"N-term" redirects here. For the divergence test, see
292:
group of the next in a head-to-tail manner to form a
383:" that direct delivery of the protein to the proper
409:The N-terminal signal peptide is recognized by the
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
453:(mtTP) allows the protein to be imported into the
444:
606:Michigan State University Department of Chemistry
742:
612:
493:, and the addition of membrane anchors, such as
460:
169:highlighted N-terminal α-amino acid (example: L-
362:
481:, attachment of small chemical groups such as
421:, these proteins are synthesized at the rough
618:
346:, fMet). However, some proteins are modified
472:
179:marked C-terminal α-amino acid (example: L-
720:
710:
669:
503:
437:, signal peptides target proteins to the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
138:
692:
643:
429:, the proteins are exported across the
14:
743:
599:
327:, most protein sequences start with a
280:. Amino acids link to one another by
623:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
532:
24:
350:, for example, by cleavage from a
25:
772:
578:, a scientific database covering
398:
693:Arnesen, Thomas (May 31, 2011).
41:
751:Post-translational modification
445:Mitochondrial targeting peptide
174:
52:needs additional citations for
686:
637:
600:Reusch, William (5 May 2013).
593:
546:
164:
13:
1:
586:
461:Chloroplast targeting peptide
449:The N-terminal mitochondrial
712:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001074
363:N-terminal targeting signals
267:
7:
564:
411:signal recognition particle
357:
10:
777:
644:Varland (April 21, 2015).
550:
536:
507:
402:
379:sequences, "intracellular
29:
602:"Peptides & Proteins"
323:codes for the amino acid
473:N-terminal modifications
232:, referring to the free
339:, the modified version
272:Each amino acid has an
256:). This correlates the
662:10.1002/pmic.201400619
515:N-terminal acetylation
510:N-terminal acetylation
504:N-terminal acetylation
197:
27:Start of a polypeptide
423:endoplasmic reticulum
284:which form through a
142:
375:. It often contains
373:protein biosynthesis
286:dehydration reaction
252:, left to right (in
224:) is the start of a
61:improve this article
348:posttranslationally
254:LTR writing systems
204:(also known as the
331:(or, in bacteria,
303:When a protein is
198:
761:Protein structure
527:secretory pathway
451:targeting peptide
427:prokaryotic cells
415:secretory pathway
352:protein precursor
344:-formylmethionine
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
768:
735:
734:
724:
714:
690:
684:
683:
673:
656:(14): 2385–401.
641:
635:
634:
616:
610:
609:
597:
533:N-Myristoylation
499:myristoyl groups
419:eukaryotic cells
278:carboxylic group
178:
168:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
776:
775:
771:
770:
769:
767:
766:
765:
741:
740:
739:
738:
705:(5): e1001074.
691:
687:
642:
638:
631:
617:
613:
598:
594:
589:
567:
555:
549:
541:
535:
512:
506:
479:aminopeptidases
475:
463:
447:
407:
401:
365:
360:
270:
239:
213:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
774:
764:
763:
758:
753:
737:
736:
685:
636:
630:978-0470547847
629:
611:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
573:
566:
563:
553:Palmitoylation
551:Main article:
548:
545:
539:Myristoylation
537:Main article:
534:
531:
508:Main article:
505:
502:
474:
471:
462:
459:
446:
443:
405:Signal peptide
403:Main article:
400:
399:Signal peptide
397:
377:signal peptide
364:
361:
359:
356:
269:
266:
237:
222:amine-terminus
218:N-terminal end
211:
206:amino-terminus
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
18:N-terminal end
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
773:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
732:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
681:
677:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:
632:
626:
622:
615:
607:
603:
596:
592:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
562:
560:
554:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
501:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
458:
456:
455:mitochondrion
452:
442:
440:
436:
432:
431:cell membrane
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
406:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
355:
353:
349:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:messenger RNA
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:peptide bonds
279:
275:
265:
263:
262:messenger RNA
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
207:
203:
195:
192:
189:
186:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
702:
699:PLOS Biology
698:
688:
653:
649:
639:
620:
614:
605:
595:
556:
542:
513:
476:
464:
448:
435:chloroplasts
408:
381:postal codes
366:
341:
337:chloroplasts
333:mitochondria
321:genetic code
302:
276:group and a
271:
221:
217:
209:
205:
201:
199:
175:
165:
145:tetrapeptide
123:
117:January 2017
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
76:"N-terminus"
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
547:N-Acylation
519:prokaryotes
467:chloroplast
317:start codon
294:polypeptide
258:translation
230:polypeptide
745:Categories
650:Proteomics
587:References
571:C-terminus
559:fatty acid
523:eukaryotes
439:thylakoids
393:N-end rule
329:methionine
325:methionine
305:translated
298:C-terminus
250:C-terminus
246:C-terminus
242:carboxylic
236:group (-NH
202:N-terminus
147:(example:
87:newspapers
580:proteases
495:palmitoyl
487:propionyl
389:peptidase
385:organelle
268:Chemistry
214:-terminus
32:Term test
756:Proteins
731:21655309
680:25914051
565:See also
369:ribosome
358:Function
722:3104970
671:4692089
576:TopFIND
371:during
319:of the
226:protein
181:alanine
163:) with
101:scholar
729:
719:
678:
668:
627:
491:methyl
483:acetyl
173:) and
171:valine
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
433:. In
425:. In
417:. In
307:from
290:amine
274:amine
234:amine
166:green
108:JSTOR
94:books
727:PMID
676:PMID
625:ISBN
521:and
497:and
489:and
335:and
313:tRNA
200:The
196:-3'.
176:blue
80:news
717:PMC
707:doi
666:PMC
658:doi
228:or
220:or
194:GCU
191:AGU
188:GGU
185:GUU
161:Ala
157:Ser
153:Gly
149:Val
63:by
747::
725:.
715:.
701:.
697:.
674:.
664:.
654:15
652:.
648:.
604:.
529:.
485:,
469:.
457:.
441:.
395:.
300:.
216:,
210:NH
208:,
143:A
733:.
709::
703:9
682:.
660::
633:.
608:.
342:N
238:2
212:2
159:-
155:-
151:-
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
