112:
was given charge of the imperial palace and the emperor's treasury, thus controlling not only the flow of salaries to the various imperial officials, but also the patronage and donations from the imperial purse to the Church. The office remained important in the 13th century, when at least one of its
34:
office of the imperial chancery from the 9th through to the 15th centuries. Its initial role is unclear; he was probably the
Byzantine emperor's private secretary. In time, the office also exercised judicial duties. It became an important fiscal official in the
473:
175:
is chiefly attested in seals of the 11th and 12th centuries. Along with notarial and judicial posts, its holders are also linked in seals with positions within the court itself.
907:
858:
157:(μυστολέκτης) are frequently attested in seals. The former is first attested in 911/2 and was extant until ca. 1100, when it was probably abolished by Emperor
900:
844:
466:
1066:
459:
1101:
1073:
482:
327:
424:
338:
171:, written ca. 975, and its holders' seals pair the title with positions as notaries and judicial officials. The office of
1152:
1162:
1157:
401:
377:
306:
1010:
297:
74:
Due to their proximity to the emperor, the holders of the office had considerable power. Already under
Emperor
451:
823:
83:
119:. The title's functions at this time, however, are again unclear. The office remains attested up to the
1059:
1046:
1033:
1080:
648:
362:
Magdalino, Paul (1994). "Justice and
Finance in the Byzantine State, Ninth to Twelfth Centuries". In
767:
718:
662:
655:
94:
are thus attested as occupying various important offices: at times they exercised the duties of a
711:
634:
809:
620:
120:
100:, various judicial duties, or served as heads of the establishment of the imperial bedchamber (
52:
952:
837:
683:
1021:
676:
499:
8:
87:
68:
816:
158:
56:
40:
420:
397:
373:
323:
302:
292:
167:
105:
425:"Études sur l'histoire administrative de l'empire byzantin: Le mystique, ὁ μυστικός"
641:
555:
527:
436:
350:
36:
31:
760:
992:
981:
970:
959:
879:
830:
802:
753:
746:
732:
697:
562:
534:
391:
367:
317:
75:
145:") is attested in 1057 as a senior judicial official. Furthermore, the posts of
60:
945:
886:
669:
612:
604:
520:
513:
486:
387:
363:
23:
1146:
1108:
1016:
1005:
925:
914:
893:
690:
583:
506:
96:
481:
440:
354:
781:
739:
597:
548:
131:
In the 10th and 11th centuries, a number of offices were based on the term
319:
George
Akropolites: The History – Introduction, Translation and Commentary
1087:
774:
725:
627:
576:
569:
115:
1121:
1053:
1040:
1027:
938:
931:
851:
788:
541:
795:
590:
1128:
1094:
998:
872:
865:
165:, since he follows right after him in the list of offices of the
39:, and remained one of the highest-ranking state offices into the
71:
considered him already at that stage as a judicial official.
104:). The office rose to particular prominence under Emperor
161:(r. 1081–1118). He was possibly the assistant of the
372:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. pp. 93–116.
59:. The original function of the office is unclear.
51:The office first appears in the reign of Emperor
1144:
369:Law and Society in Byzantium, 9th-12th Centuries
301:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
467:
339:"The Not-so-secret Functions of the Mystikos"
123:of the Byzantine Empire in the 15th century.
1112:of the cities according to their importance
474:
460:
393:The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180
67:as the emperor's private secretary, while
396:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
386:
361:
336:
263:
235:
211:
195:
193:
191:
189:
187:
419:
315:
247:
46:
291:
275:
259:
223:
199:
1145:
184:
455:
126:
30:, "the secret one") was an important
322:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13:
412:
298:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
55:(r. 867–886), when it was held by
14:
1174:
483:Order of Byzantine palace offices
90:. Trusted by the emperors, the
269:
253:
241:
229:
217:
205:
1:
178:
719:Megas droungarios tou stolou
663:Megas droungarios tes vigles
7:
824:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
429:Revue des études byzantines
343:Revue des études byzantines
84:Patriarch of Constantinople
10:
1179:
1153:Byzantine judicial offices
284:
494:
113:holders held the rank of
108:(r. 1143–1180), when the
27:
1163:Byzantine fiscal offices
1158:Byzantine palace offices
768:Logothetes ton oikeiakon
366:; Simon, Dieter (eds.).
337:Magdalino, Paul (1984).
908:Domestikos ton teicheon
635:Domestikos tes trapezes
441:10.3406/rebyz.1968.1409
355:10.3406/rebyz.1984.2158
316:Macrides, Ruth (2007).
141:(πρωτομυστικός, "first
726:Primmikerios tes aules
712:Domestikos ton scholon
621:Logothetes tou genikou
262:, pp. 1431–1432;
226:, pp. 1431, 1466.
53:Basil I the Macedonian
953:Logariastes tes aules
838:Logothetes ton agelon
684:Logothetes tou dromou
563:Megas stratopedarches
47:History and functions
1022:Palace of Blachernae
859:Krites tou phossatou
677:Megas chartoullarios
670:Megas hetaireiarches
866:Archon tou allagiou
250:, pp. 27, 219.
238:, pp. 260–261.
88:Nicholas I Mystikos
69:Nicolas Oikonomides
1122:Epi tou kanikleiou
901:Epi ton anamneseon
845:Megas diermeneutes
817:Megas adnoumiastes
570:Megas primmikerios
421:Guilland, Rodolphe
364:Laiou, Angeliki E.
293:Kazhdan, Alexander
159:Alexios I Komnenos
151:(μυστογράφος) and
127:Derivative offices
57:Leo Choirosphaktes
41:Palaiologan period
1140:
1139:
775:Megas logariastes
761:Praitor tou demou
577:Megas konostaulos
329:978-0-19-921067-1
168:Escorial Taktikon
106:Manuel I Komnenos
1170:
642:Epi tes trapezes
628:Protovestiarites
556:Megas logothetes
528:Panhypersebastos
521:Megas domestikos
476:
469:
462:
453:
452:
444:
407:
383:
358:
333:
312:
279:
273:
267:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
78:(r. 886–912), a
37:Komnenian period
29:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1067:Megas myrtaïtes
1057:of the western
1044:of the eastern
993:Stratopedarches
982:Stratopedarches
971:Stratopedarches
960:Stratopedarches
880:Megas dioiketes
831:Protoierakarios
803:Epi ton deeseon
754:Megas tzaousios
747:Tatas tes aules
733:Protospatharios
698:Epi tou stratou
535:Protovestiarios
490:
480:
449:
447:
435:(26): 279–296.
415:
413:Further reading
410:
404:
388:Magdalino, Paul
380:
349:(42): 229–240.
330:
309:
287:
282:
278:, p. 1432.
274:
270:
258:
254:
246:
242:
234:
230:
222:
218:
210:
206:
202:, p. 1431.
198:
185:
181:
129:
76:Leo VI the Wise
49:
12:
11:
5:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:Megas baïoulos
1125:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1050:
1037:
1024:
1013:
1002:
989:
978:
967:
956:
949:
946:Hetaireiarches
942:
935:
922:
911:
904:
897:
890:
887:Orphanotrophos
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
613:Parakoimomenos
609:
607:tes sphendones
605:Parakoimomenos
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
495:
492:
491:
487:pseudo-Kodinos
479:
478:
471:
464:
456:
446:
445:
416:
414:
411:
409:
408:
402:
384:
378:
359:
334:
328:
313:
307:
295:, ed. (1991).
288:
286:
283:
281:
280:
268:
266:, p. 109.
264:Magdalino 1994
252:
240:
236:Magdalino 2002
228:
216:
214:, p. 101.
212:Magdalino 1994
204:
182:
180:
177:
128:
125:
48:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1175:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1117:unknown rank
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:Prokathemenoi
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:Prokathemenos
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1006:Prokathemenos
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
990:
988:
984:
983:
979:
977:
973:
972:
968:
966:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
928:
927:
926:Prokathemenos
923:
921:
917:
916:
915:Prokathemenos
912:
910:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
896:
895:
894:Protonotarios
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
874:
873:Protallagator
870:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
691:Protasekretis
688:
686:
685:
681:
679:
678:
674:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
650:
646:
644:
643:
639:
637:
636:
632:
630:
629:
625:
623:
622:
618:
616:
614:
610:
608:
606:
602:
600:
599:
595:
593:
592:
588:
586:
585:
584:Protosebastos
581:
579:
578:
574:
572:
571:
567:
565:
564:
560:
558:
557:
553:
551:
550:
546:
544:
543:
539:
537:
536:
532:
530:
529:
525:
523:
522:
518:
516:
515:
511:
509:
508:
507:Sebastokrator
504:
502:
501:
497:
496:
493:
488:
484:
477:
472:
470:
465:
463:
458:
457:
454:
450:
442:
438:
434:
431:(in French).
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
405:
403:0-521-52653-1
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
379:0-88402-222-6
375:
371:
370:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
331:
325:
321:
320:
314:
310:
308:0-19-504652-8
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:
277:
272:
265:
261:
256:
249:
248:Macrides 2007
244:
237:
232:
225:
220:
213:
208:
201:
196:
194:
192:
190:
188:
183:
176:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
155:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
138:prōtomystikos
134:
124:
122:
118:
117:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:
97:protasekretis
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
63:regarded the
62:
58:
54:
44:
42:
38:
33:
25:
21:
20:
1127:
1120:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1015:
1011:Great Palace
1004:
997:
991:
986:
980:
976:tzangratores
975:
969:
965:monokaballoi
964:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
924:
919:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
782:Protokynegos
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
740:Megas archon
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
704:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
649:Megas papias
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
615:tou koitonos
611:
603:
598:Kouropalates
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
549:Protostrator
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
448:
432:
428:
392:
368:
346:
342:
318:
296:
276:Kazhdan 1991
271:
260:Kazhdan 1991
255:
243:
231:
224:Kazhdan 1991
219:
207:
200:Kazhdan 1991
172:
166:
162:
153:
152:
148:mystographos
147:
146:
142:
137:
136:
132:
130:
114:
109:
101:
95:
91:
79:
73:
64:
61:Franz Dölger
50:
18:
17:
15:
1088:Droungarios
173:mystolektēs
154:mystolektēs
116:pansebastos
1147:Categories
1074:Protokomes
1054:Domestikos
1041:Domestikos
1028:Domestikos
939:Vestiariou
932:vestiarion
852:Akolouthos
789:Skouterios
542:Megas doux
179:References
1102:Myrtaïtes
987:mourtatoi
810:Koiaistor
796:Ameralios
591:Pinkernes
390:(2002) .
43:as well.
32:Byzantine
1095:Sebastos
999:Tzakones
705:Mystikos
656:Eparchos
500:Despotes
423:(1968).
163:mystikos
143:mystikos
133:mystikos
110:mystikos
92:mystikoi
80:mystikos
65:mystikos
28:μυστικός
19:mystikos
1060:themata
1047:themata
1034:themata
1031:of the
1020:of the
1009:of the
996:of the
985:of the
974:of the
963:of the
929:of the
918:of the
485:(after
285:Sources
82:became
1081:Papias
920:koiton
514:Caesar
400:
376:
326:
305:
135:. The
102:koitōn
24:Greek
398:ISBN
374:ISBN
324:ISBN
303:ISBN
16:The
437:doi
351:doi
121:end
1149::
433:26
427:.
347:42
345:.
341:.
186:^
86::
26::
489:)
475:e
468:t
461:v
443:.
439::
406:.
382:.
357:.
353::
332:.
311:.
22:(
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