255:
232:
154:
129:
506:
261:
160:
1539:
1914:
Long-term or high-dose use of opioids may also lead to additional mechanisms of tolerance becoming involved. This includes downregulation of MOR gene expression, so the number of receptors presented on the cell surface is actually reduced, as opposed to the more short-term desensitisation induced by
4717:
In some cases, agonists have such low efficacy that they cannot achieve the maximum response that a full agonist does, even when occupying all the receptors present in the tissue (Figure 1B); these agonists are called partial agonists. For example, with MOP receptors, ligands such as buprenorphine,
6021:
Broadbear JH, Sumpter TL, Burke TF, Husbands SM, Lewis JW, Woods JH, et al. (September 2000). "Methocinnamox is a potent, long-lasting, and selective antagonist of morphine-mediated antinociception in the mouse: comparison with clocinnamox, beta-funaltrexamine, and beta-chlornaltrexamine".
1974:
Substantial tolerance to respiratory depression develops quickly, and tolerant individuals can withstand larger doses. However, tolerance to respiratory depression is quickly lost during withdrawal and may be completely reversed within a week. Many overdoses occur in people who return to their
1915:β-arrestins or RGS proteins. Another long-term adaptation to opioid use can be upregulation of glutamate and other pathways in the brain which can exert an opioid-opposing effect, so reduce the effects of opioid drugs by altering downstream pathways, regardless of MOR activation.
1993:
being the most widely used example. Opioid antagonists work by binding competitively to μ-opioid receptors and displacing opioid agonists. Additional doses of naloxone may be necessary and supportive care should be given to prevent hypoxic brain injury by monitoring vital signs.
1858:. Some of these effects, such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria, itching and decreased respiration, tend to lessen with continued use as tolerance develops. Miosis and reduced bowel motility tend to persist; little tolerance develops to these effects.
5817:
Portoghese PS, Larson DL, Jiang JB, Takemori AE, Caruso TP (July 1978). "6beta--17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan(chlornaltrexamine) a potent opioid receptor alkylating agent with ultralong narcotic antagonist actitivty".
1975:
previous dose after having lost their tolerance following cessation of opioids. This puts addicts who receive medical treatment for opioid addiction at great risk of overdose when they are released, as they may be particularly vulnerable to relapse.
5492:
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1814:
at the μ-receptor. The physiological and pathological roles of these two distinct mechanisms remain to be clarified. Perhaps, both might be involved in opioid addiction and opioid-induced deficits in cognition.
268:
167:
4263:
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10212:
10207:
2661:
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5100:
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5011:
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3204:
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12825:
10692:
13005:
11108:
6354:"A promising chemical series of positive allosteric modulators of the μ-opioid receptor that enhance the antinociceptive efficacy of opioids but not their adverse effects"
5943:
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4976:
Caruso TP, Takemori AE, Larson DL, Portoghese PS (April 1979). "Chloroxymorphamine, and opioid receptor site-directed alkylating agent having narcotic agonist activity".
1798:
Some MORs are also found in the intestinal tract. Activation of these receptors inhibits peristaltic action which causes constipation, a major side effect of μ agonists.
13038:
12306:
11554:
10597:
12820:
11725:
11434:
9500:
6406:
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5698:"Spotlight on naldemedine in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with chronic noncancer pain: design, development, and place in therapy"
4941:
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12931:
12719:
10127:
1861:
The canonical MOR1 isoform is responsible for morphine-induced analgesia, whereas the alternatively spliced MOR1D isoform (through heterodimerization with the
11805:
6754:
6437:
10078:
12926:
11800:
4590:
O'Brien JJ, Benfield P (August 1989). "Dezocine. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy".
1059:
90:
13043:
1040:
10137:
10682:
10147:
8966:
11695:
11168:
9673:
2012:
and seizures. Despite these risks, there is evidence to suggest that these drugs have a lower risk of respiratory depression compared to morphine.
1877:, signalling by the μ-opioid receptor is terminated through several different mechanisms, which are upregulated with chronic use, leading to rapid
4118:"Acute and chronic effects of morphine on cardiovascular system and the baroreflexes sensitivity during severe increase in blood pressure in rats"
13212:
12853:
12845:
11906:
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11058:
10905:
9781:
7904:
1675:
13122:
12886:
11163:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
6317:
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4167:"Tolerance to Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Chronic High-Dose Opioid Users: A Model-Based Comparison With Opioid-Naïve Individuals"
3590:
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12901:
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10182:
2643:
3004:
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2625:
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12969:
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11780:
11775:
11284:
5661:
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2546:
2534:
2456:
13157:
12629:
12483:
12146:
11961:
11604:
11013:
8836:
2005:
3341:"Molecular identification and functional expression of mu 3, a novel alternatively spliced variant of the human mu opiate receptor gene"
13068:
13058:
12251:
11264:
9226:
9221:
5889:
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1479:
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13104:
13073:
12974:
12861:
12714:
12694:
12584:
12564:
12291:
11614:
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10242:
9257:
8602:
6747:
12296:
11860:
11649:
10749:
10071:
9716:
9217:
8003:
7998:
1486:
12784:
12709:
12704:
12639:
9726:
9241:
8923:
8918:
8913:
7879:
6568:"Oxytocin Is a Positive Allosteric Modulator of κ-Opioid Receptors but Not δ-Opioid Receptors in the G Protein Signaling Pathway"
2466:
11008:
9836:
9731:
9297:
8167:
7994:
4041:
9721:
8908:
7854:
5782:
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4437:
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2608:
1810:. Activation of the MOR leads to different effects on dendritic spines depending upon the agonist, and may be an example of
13249:
9666:
8082:
7894:
7364:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
6740:
6720:
10662:
10064:
10005:
9802:
8895:
7544:
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17:
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7452:
7447:
7442:
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1893:
12426:
9764:
9759:
9251:
9246:
8186:
8181:
7262:
7257:
6231:
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Receptor Agonists with Reduced Morphine-like Side Effects".
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231:
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9769:
9659:
9430:
9337:
8191:
7437:
7192:
2612:
2591:
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9286:
9281:
8815:
8056:
8051:
7899:
7748:
7743:
1615:
1104:
4718:
meperidine and pentazocine behave as partial agonists in many cell signalling assays (McPherson et al., 2010).
3674:
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7612:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6828:
6823:
6818:
153:
128:
70:
13114:
8811:
7378:
7373:
6834:
6814:
2947:
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12524:
12519:
11911:
11254:
10342:
9933:
9829:
9824:
9690:
7811:
7806:
7662:
7652:
7647:
7632:
7627:
7600:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7327:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6767:
6692:
6268:"Positive allosteric modulation of the mu-opioid receptor produces analgesia with reduced side effects"
6184:"Positive allosteric modulators of the μ-opioid receptor: a novel approach for future pain medications"
3635:"The role of opioid receptor internalization and beta-arrestins in the development of opioid tolerance"
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7848:
7843:
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7304:
7285:
7278:
6797:
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9403:
9272:
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7764:
7623:
7412:
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7290:
6780:
6707:
6266:
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5563:
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1462:
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1194:
1184:
1180:
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1172:
78:
5972:"The Potential of Methocinnamox as a Future Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Narrative Review"
4318:. Advances in Neurobiology. Vol. 35. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 9–26.
3531:"Unidirectional cross-activation of GRPR by MOR1D uncouples itch and analgesia induced by opioids"
13259:
13094:
12509:
11133:
10915:
9982:
9953:
9948:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
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8071:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7968:
7834:
7718:
7686:
7681:
7643:
7638:
7549:
7273:
3824:"The analgesic efficacy of fentanyl: relationship to tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation"
3787:
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MOR can mediate acute changes in neuronal excitability via suppression of presynaptic release of
5065:
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1327:
1265:
1168:
970:
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
11921:
10935:
10910:
10809:
9997:
9904:
9899:
7789:
7784:
7701:
7696:
7295:
6896:
6891:
1811:
1788:
1663:
6703:
5265:"Nalmefene Hydrochloride: Potential Implications for Treating Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorder"
5039:
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2414:
12076:
10372:
9916:
9736:
9682:
9334:
8172:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8112:
8067:
7964:
7827:
7822:
7774:
7677:
7672:
7459:
7343:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
6901:
6886:
6763:
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5315:
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10132:
9960:
9889:
9786:
9754:
9384:
9042:
8354:
8177:
8162:
7739:
7692:
7369:
7348:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
6566:
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5040:"Methoclocinnamox: A μ Partial Agonist With Pharmacotherapeutic Potential for Heroin Abuse"
3475:
3249:"Alternatively spliced mu opioid receptor C termini impact the diverse actions of morphine"
3111:
2960:
2805:
2709:
2509:
1979:
810:
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
142:
98:
11889:
11232:
9863:
9858:
8023:
8018:
5565:"Discovery of Axelopran (TD-1211): A Peripherally Restricted μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist"
3409:"Opiate-induced constipation related to activation of small intestine opioid μ2-receptors"
8:
13217:
12803:
12649:
12609:
11936:
11755:
11735:
11033:
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10950:
9911:
9894:
9873:
9814:
9207:
8142:
8033:
7817:
7780:
7245:
6874:
6806:
6726:
3049:"Reanalysis of a μ opioid receptor crystal structure reveals a covalent adduct with BU72"
2401:
2342:
Note that some of the above drugs may actually be very weak partial agonists rather than
1986:
1971:
which can result in rapid loss of consciousness and an increased risk of fatal overdose.
1760:
1627:
1626:
The structure of the inactive μ-opioid receptor has been determined with the antagonists
5369:
5344:
5291:
5264:
4503:"The Behavioral Effects of the Antidepressant Tianeptine Require the Mu-Opioid Receptor"
3479:
3132:
3115:
3099:
3075:
3048:
2964:
2809:
2713:
2419:
1775:). Other areas where they have been located include the external plexiform layer of the
12749:
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4812:
4787:
4763:
4736:
4735:
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Giorgio R, Lambert DG, Ruzza C, Calò G (August 2020).
4703:
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4502:
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2929:
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Wang Y, Zhuang Y, DiBerto JF, Zhou XE, Schmitz GP, Yuan Q, et al. (January 2023).
2826:
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2009:
1654:
has the highest resolution, but contains unexplained features that may be experimental
975:
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
102:
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969:
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5764:
5729:
5678:
5643:
5594:
5545:
5541:
5510:
5506:
5474:
5423:
5374:
5323:
5296:
5245:
5215:
5180:
5144:
5109:
5082:
5020:
4993:
4958:
4923:
4888:
4852:
4817:
4768:
4708:
4656:
4607:
4603:
4572:
4568:
4532:
4483:
4473:
4433:
4399:
4337:
4327:
4281:
4277:
4249:
4237:
4196:
4147:
4133:
4098:
4017:
3968:
3932:
3889:
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3761:
3757:
3726:
3691:
3656:
3607:
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3511:
3440:
3389:
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3313:
3309:
3278:
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3186:
3137:
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2986:
2933:
2921:
2884:
2872:
2831:
2770:
2735:
2678:
2343:
1780:
1752:
They can exist either presynaptically or postsynaptically depending upon cell types.
1611:
50:
4293:
3773:
3619:
3325:
3233:
12939:
12876:
12699:
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12341:
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11549:
11389:
11103:
10362:
10043:
10038:
9928:
9699:
8087:
8009:
7859:
6663:
6631:
6627:
6589:
6579:
6540:
6503:
6495:
6456:
6411:
6373:
6365:
6352:
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6326:
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6279:
6240:
6203:
6195:
6147:
6139:
6085:
5993:
5983:
5863:
5827:
5791:
5756:
5719:
5709:
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5413:
5405:
5364:
5356:
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4915:
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4391:
4319:
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4178:
4137:
4129:
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4007:
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3683:
3646:
3599:
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3542:
3501:
3483:
3430:
3420:
3352:
3305:
3268:
3260:
3213:
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3127:
3119:
3070:
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3013:
2976:
2968:
2911:
2862:
2821:
2813:
2762:
2725:
2717:
2670:
2375:
2269:
1655:
1603:
347:
278:
222:
177:
5760:
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3687:
1634:. Many structures of the active state are also available, with agonists including
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12589:
12116:
12071:
11419:
11394:
10437:
10367:
10222:
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9480:
9267:
9076:
8365:
8047:
8014:
7754:
7051:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
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3357:
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1956:
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5674:
5409:
4753:
4395:
3839:
3800:
3722:
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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for its ligand morphine
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13207:
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12644:
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12549:
12472:
12460:
12166:
12081:
12061:
12046:
12041:
11986:
11760:
11750:
11454:
11374:
11098:
11038:
11028:
10965:
10940:
10734:
10677:
10467:
10412:
10402:
10397:
10377:
10312:
10262:
10247:
10162:
10056:
9408:
9057:
9052:
9047:
7973:
7909:
6977:
6499:
5988:
5629:
5211:
4803:
3425:
3025:
2429:
2301:
2274:
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12446:
12411:
12211:
12016:
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11469:
11464:
11359:
11334:
11329:
11153:
11078:
10824:
10779:
10632:
10627:
10582:
10482:
10317:
10282:
10277:
9708:
9330:
7728:
7722:
7332:
7317:
7140:
6907:
6675:
6639:
6603:
6552:
6517:
6468:
6423:
6387:
6338:
6303:
6252:
6217:
6161:
6035:
6007:
5803:
5768:
5733:
5682:
5647:
5598:
5549:
5514:
5478:
5427:
5378:
5300:
5219:
5184:
4962:
4954:
4940:
4927:
4892:
4856:
4821:
4772:
4712:
4660:
4536:
4487:
4403:
4341:
4241:
4200:
4151:
4102:
4021:
3972:
3936:
3893:
3885:
3857:
3808:
3765:
3730:
3695:
3660:
3611:
3564:
3515:
3444:
3393:
3366:
3282:
3225:
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3141:
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2990:
2925:
2898:
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2306:
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119:
6584:
6097:
6062:
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5902:
5249:
5148:
5113:
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13132:
13109:
13023:
12949:
12916:
12896:
12774:
12759:
12754:
12744:
12734:
12654:
12624:
12619:
12464:
12436:
12431:
12401:
12386:
12376:
12356:
12351:
12311:
12276:
12266:
12221:
12201:
12186:
12181:
12151:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12031:
12006:
11991:
11966:
11956:
11946:
11941:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11830:
11770:
11765:
11740:
11599:
11589:
11569:
11529:
11524:
11499:
11484:
11449:
11444:
11344:
11319:
11213:
11208:
11198:
11188:
11178:
11113:
11043:
11000:
10844:
10774:
10744:
10729:
10714:
10687:
10652:
10637:
10622:
10607:
10572:
10562:
10532:
10517:
10492:
10457:
10452:
10442:
10432:
10392:
10387:
10347:
10337:
10272:
10257:
10232:
10192:
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2515:
2492:
2424:
2380:
2336:
2291:
2215:
2196:
2191:
2174:
2146:
2125:
2115:
2087:
2051:
2045:
2041:
1964:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1768:
1756:
1659:
1591:
1149:
1130:
775:
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
6667:
5867:
5831:
5714:
5459:
5281:
5038:
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4997:
4518:
4083:
2972:
2721:
13227:
13197:
13172:
13053:
12964:
12944:
12921:
12764:
12739:
12729:
12684:
12674:
12659:
12574:
12468:
12396:
12391:
12366:
12336:
12326:
12301:
12286:
12261:
12231:
12206:
12196:
12156:
12136:
12126:
12106:
12036:
12021:
11840:
11820:
11815:
11790:
11720:
11659:
11639:
11594:
11584:
11579:
11519:
11509:
11439:
11354:
11203:
11193:
11183:
11173:
11138:
11128:
11093:
11063:
11053:
11048:
10985:
10829:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10784:
10769:
10739:
10657:
10647:
10642:
10592:
10547:
10527:
10497:
10447:
10427:
10382:
10307:
10197:
10187:
9632:
9548:
8775:
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5078:
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3949:
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3497:
3459:
2487:
2434:
2370:
2331:
2321:
2252:
2185:
2151:
2075:
2001:
1968:
1674:
Three variants of the μ-opioid receptor are well characterized, though
1559:
845:
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
239:
136:
86:
6762:
6460:
6199:
6143:
5046:. DHEW publication. National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 195–219
4694:
3017:
13182:
13177:
13127:
13099:
13028:
12989:
12984:
12959:
12954:
12881:
12789:
12779:
12669:
12579:
12493:
12451:
12441:
12381:
12371:
12361:
12331:
12321:
12316:
12271:
12241:
12121:
12101:
12001:
11996:
11951:
11870:
11865:
11825:
11810:
11785:
11715:
11654:
11624:
11574:
11564:
11559:
11424:
11314:
11279:
11274:
11218:
11143:
11123:
11118:
11088:
11018:
10980:
10960:
10955:
10895:
10879:
10869:
10814:
10724:
10672:
10667:
10602:
10557:
10537:
10417:
10407:
10252:
9341:
9262:
6784:
4884:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4182:
3743:
3264:
3100:"Structure-based design of bitopic ligands for the μ-opioid receptor"
2385:
2365:
2360:
2316:
2311:
2296:
2202:
2141:
2131:
2065:
2037:
1932:
1928:
1823:
1631:
1598:, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory
1567:
1538:
1004:
306:
293:
205:
192:
94:
2946:
1854:(constricted pupils), and decreased bowel motility often leading to
13187:
12979:
12724:
12634:
12614:
12604:
12559:
12488:
12281:
12191:
12176:
12141:
12131:
12011:
11835:
11730:
11705:
11644:
11629:
11539:
11459:
11429:
11409:
11379:
11324:
11304:
11269:
11158:
11083:
11068:
10990:
10970:
10839:
10834:
10819:
10789:
10759:
10719:
10587:
10477:
10422:
10332:
10267:
10237:
10122:
9566:
9544:
3996:"Mechanisms underlying morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence"
2497:
2482:
2477:
2397:
2326:
2230:
2180:
2156:
2136:
2105:
1997:
1990:
1985:
Opioid overdoses can be rapidly reversed through the use of opioid
1882:
1843:
1827:
1819:
1792:
1734:
1647:
1643:
1595:
1583:
1510:
6265:
4723:
3157:"Morphine-stimulated nitric oxide release in rabbit aqueous humor"
13152:
13033:
12911:
12594:
12478:
12256:
12246:
11474:
11404:
11339:
11289:
11148:
10900:
10874:
10864:
10849:
10754:
10567:
10542:
10292:
10172:
8637:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
4012:
3995:
2225:
2100:
1835:
1709:
1579:
1575:
1116:
1071:
989:
985:
6652:
6259:
4500:
3928:
3464:"Mu-opioid receptors modulate the stability of dendritic spines"
1733:
variant was first described in 2003. It is responsive to opiate
760:
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
74:
13162:
13147:
13142:
13013:
12906:
12569:
12236:
12051:
11710:
11634:
11619:
11609:
11384:
10975:
10854:
10472:
10352:
9923:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9475:
9420:
9415:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9329:
9212:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8850:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8756:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8597:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7888:
7579:
7402:
7396:
6966:
6961:
6951:
6946:
2752:
2240:
2110:
1851:
1839:
1494:
1026:
514:
6616:
6565:
5491:
5485:
5010:
4975:
925:
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
13167:
12769:
12664:
12406:
12161:
12026:
11399:
11349:
11309:
11073:
10764:
10708:
10617:
10302:
10297:
9615:
9306:
9301:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9064:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8845:
8840:
8830:
8825:
8766:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
7918:
7883:
7733:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7539:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7431:
7391:
7386:
7309:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
6956:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6020:
5816:
2220:
2004:
carry additional risks associated with their dual effects as
1908:
1904:
1881:. The most important regulatory proteins for the MOR are the
1635:
1587:
10108:
5562:
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4869:
4115:
12171:
10015:
10010:
9807:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
8988:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8780:
8770:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8037:
7913:
7407:
6610:
6530:
6481:
6042:
5969:
5942:
5852:
4863:
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3870:
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5605:
5440:
5004:
4934:
4494:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4262:
4064:
3822:
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1978:
Less commonly, massive overdoses have been known to cause
1818:
Activation of the μ-opioid receptor by an agonist such as
920:
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
800:
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
61:, LMOR, M-OR-1, MOP, MOR, MOR1, OPRM, opioid receptor mu 1
8805:
6699:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
6559:
6475:
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4625:
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4369:
4367:
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4363:
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4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
3786:
1678:
has identified up to 10 total splice variants in humans.
6646:
6524:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
5556:
5434:
5256:
5058:
5037:
4969:
4164:
2695:
860:
negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
805:
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
330:
6048:
5093:
4835:
Dhillon S (June 2024). "Tegileridine: First
Approval".
4583:
3821:
2949:"Structural insights into μ-opioid receptor activation"
2851:"Structures of the entire human opioid receptor family"
6394:
5888:
5611:
5322:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 4–.
5120:
4381:
4348:
3097:
2660:
6168:
6104:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
2848:
2349:
495:
6345:
5915:
5443:"A Review of Samidorphan: A Novel Opioid Antagonist"
5262:
5161:
5155:
5064:
4116:
Shanazari AA, Aslani Z, Ramshini E, Alaei H (2011).
3338:
3246:
3154:
1951:
further contributes to decreased cardiac output). A
1578:(MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor
915:
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
6351:
5936:
5909:
5336:
5099:
4899:
4679:"Efficacy and ligand bias at the μ-opioid receptor"
4589:
4415:
4413:
4213:
3673:
2285:
950:
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway
6444:
6310:
5126:
4905:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4300:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2246:
6436:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
6181:
6125:
6069:
5612:Pannemans J, Vanuytsel T, Tack J (October 2018).
5191:
4214:Krantz MJ, Palmer RB, Haigney MC (January 2021).
4158:
2787:
2540:
2503:
2450:
825:acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
755:negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
277:
176:
13241:
13230:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
9698:
5740:
5689:
4410:
3573:"Researchers block morphine's itchy side effect"
1795:, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract.
5342:
5316:"The Evolution of Concepts of Opioid Receptors"
4543:
4420:Furlan AD, Murphy L (9 March 2022). "Opioids".
4065:Hughes CG, McGrane S, Pandharipande PP (2012).
3589:
2597:
2576:
2528:
1676:reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
10086:
6450:
6316:
6182:Burford NT, Traynor JR, Alt A (January 2015).
5654:
5231:
5229:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4313:
4207:
4060:
4058:
3708:
3406:
2897:
2609:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000766
830:positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
770:negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
10072:
9667:
6748:
6697:IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels
6224:
6075:
5521:
5307:
5197:
5042:. In National Institute on Drug Abuse (ed.).
4618:
4220:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
3528:
3457:
3339:Cadet P, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB (May 2003).
3003:
1955:effect occurs when opioids are combined with
6230:
5746:
5695:
4785:
4779:
4672:
4670:
4419:
4035:
4033:
4031:
3987:
3943:
3908:
3864:
3815:
3780:
3737:
3702:
3667:
3626:
3583:
3451:
3373:
3332:
3240:
3197:
3148:
1865:) is required for morphine-induced itching.
955:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
875:positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
815:negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion
6779:
5775:
5385:
5226:
4828:
4624:
4554:
4446:
4055:
3289:
3155:Dortch-Carnes J, Russell K (January 2007).
2781:
2654:
2588:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112038
2408:
1590:and for which the receptor was named, with
729:integral component of postsynaptic membrane
10079:
10065:
9681:
9674:
9660:
8877:
6755:
6741:
5660:
5394:"Naltrexone: Not Just for Opioids Anymore"
1918:
1658:. This large body of evidence has enabled
734:integral component of presynaptic membrane
578:G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity
6706:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
6593:
6583:
6507:
6377:
6293:
6283:
6207:
6151:
5997:
5987:
5723:
5713:
5637:
5588:
5527:
5468:
5458:
5417:
5368:
5343:Saari TI, Strang J, Dale O (April 2024).
5290:
5280:
4811:
4762:
4752:
4702:
4667:
4650:
4526:
4231:
4190:
4141:
4092:
4082:
4028:
4011:
3847:
3650:
3554:
3505:
3487:
3434:
3424:
3407:Chen W, Chung HH, Cheng JT (March 2012).
3356:
3295:
3272:
3203:
3180:
3131:
3074:
3064:
2980:
2915:
2866:
2825:
2755:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
2729:
1696:opioid receptor than the other variants.
965:regulation of cellular response to stress
5263:Green M, Veltri CA, Grundmann O (2024).
5031:
4067:"Sedation in the intensive care setting"
3993:
3828:Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
3522:
3298:Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
2445:
2392:Gastrointestinally selective antagonists
2258:
1537:
780:regulation of sensory perception of pain
6126:Livingston KE, Traynor JR (July 2018).
5781:
5391:
5235:
4834:
4459:
3379:
2663:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
1586:, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in
14:
13242:
7905:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
5313:
4171:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
2031:
1542:Active and inactive μ-opioid receptors
548:voltage-gated calcium channel activity
10060:
9655:
9541:
9328:
8909:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
8876:
6778:
6736:
4676:
3914:
3253:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
3046:
3006:WIREs Computational Molecular Science
2790:"Structure of the μ-opioid receptor-G
664:integral component of plasma membrane
458:nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex
282:
243:
238:
181:
140:
135:
4039:
1755:The μ-opioid receptors exist mostly
840:regulation of NMDA receptor activity
6319:Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed)
4256:
3632:
2163:
1982:from vasodilation and bradycardia.
960:cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
865:calcium ion transmembrane transport
835:positive regulation of neurogenesis
558:G protein-coupled receptor activity
24:
4470:10.1016/B978-0-12-420118-7.00010-X
3965:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.002
3652:10.1213/01.ANE.0000160588.32007.AD
3577:Washington University in St. Louis
3218:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.12.033
2350:Peripherally selective antagonists
2209:
1863:gastrin-releasing peptide receptor
1669:
25:
13271:
12047:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
11375:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
10328:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
10313:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
6685:
6245:10.2174/1389557518666180716124336
3413:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1650:. The structure with the agonist
1570:. They are also referred to as μ(
870:excitatory postsynaptic potential
12427:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
9258:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
6370:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108673
5542:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00640.x
5507:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01279.x
4604:10.2165/00003495-198938020-00005
4569:10.2165/00003495-199141030-00002
4384:Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol
4278:10.1213/00000539-199204000-00007
3758:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.01.004
2286:Antagonists and inverse agonists
2094:
1773:substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
588:beta-endorphin receptor activity
504:
266:
259:
253:
230:
165:
158:
152:
127:
12422:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
9924:Calcitonin gene-related peptide
9218:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
5618:United European Gastroenterol J
4109:
3592:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
3400:
3091:
3040:
2997:
2940:
2891:
2247:Peripherally selective agonists
1868:
1763:region, and in the superficial
1712:is a selective agonist of the μ
1662:of a new class of opioids with
750:positive regulation of appetite
603:protein domain specific binding
593:G-protein alpha-subunit binding
12347:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
7880:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
6632:10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170901
5581:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00406
3571:Dryden, J (October 13, 2011).
2842:
2746:
2689:
2636:
2618:
2541:Unsorted allosteric modulators
2504:Negative allosteric modulators
2451:Positive allosteric modulators
2280:
945:neuropeptide signaling pathway
940:chemical synaptic transmission
880:behavioral response to ethanol
855:response to lipopolysaccharide
639:integral component of membrane
608:G-protein beta-subunit binding
515:More reference expression data
484:More reference expression data
380:right hemisphere of cerebellum
13:
1:
12322:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
11515:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
11124:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
10553:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
9298:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
8168:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
5761:10.1358/dot.2015.51.8.2364896
5696:Stern EK, Brenner DM (2018).
5177:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00610-x
3688:10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.03.015
2570:
1801:
935:cellular response to morphine
251:
150:
11545:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
9883:Other neuropeptide receptors
6331:10.1016/j.redare.2022.06.009
6090:10.1016/0024-3205(82)90387-3
5796:10.2174/13894501113149990210
4920:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00382
4134:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90399-1
3994:Ueda H, Ueda M (June 2009).
3358:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5118
3310:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90300-X
2529:Silent allosteric modulators
1621:
7:
13250:Genes on human chromosome 6
13198:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
12826:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
12207:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
10693:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
8083:Prolactin-releasing peptide
6768:G protein-coupled receptors
6416:10.1124/molpharm.124.000947
5314:Martin WR (17 April 2013).
4424:. Wiley. pp. 188–197.
4324:10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_2
2553:
2026:
1875:G protein-coupled receptors
1783:, in several layers of the
1747:
10:
13276:
13218:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
12838:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
11942:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
11109:Methylsamidorphan chloride
10343:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
10168:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
9691:G protein-coupled receptor
6725:gene details page in the
6545:10.1016/j.jphs.2018.04.002
5663:Expert Opin Investig Drugs
5361:10.1007/s40262-024-01355-6
4849:10.1007/s40265-024-02033-4
4643:10.1038/s41401-021-00790-6
4430:10.1002/9781119701170.ch18
4233:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.002
3604:10.1016/j.conb.2007.10.004
3547:10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.043
3173:10.1016/j.exer.2006.09.014
3124:10.1038/s41586-022-05588-y
3066:10.1186/s12915-023-01689-w
2917:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.041
2868:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.026
2767:10.1038/s41594-022-00859-8
2019:
2015:
1600:G-protein coupled receptor
1594:being the first letter of
890:sensory perception of pain
598:protein C-terminus binding
568:signal transducer activity
553:morphine receptor activity
13138:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
13086:
12998:
12813:
12802:
12545:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
12502:
12457:Tricyclic antidepressants
11899:
11888:
11668:
11535:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
11242:
11231:
10888:
10578:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
10097:
10026:
10006:Atrial natriuretic factor
9996:
9973:
9882:
9849:
9803:Atrial natriuretic factor
9795:
9745:
9707:
9689:
9625:
9559:
9555:
9537:
9394:
9352:
9348:
9324:
9198:
9075:
8894:
8890:
8872:
8747:
8364:
8212:
8205:
7711:
7599:
7592:
7357:
7244:
7235:
7071:
6976:
6873:
6805:
6796:
6792:
6774:
5675:10.1517/13543784.15.5.541
5410:10.1007/s13181-015-0512-x
4754:10.3390/molecules25173870
4396:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.003
3840:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.06.019
3801:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.045
3723:10.1016/j.pmn.2007.02.004
3161:Experimental Eye Research
3047:Munro TA (October 2023).
2818:10.1038/s41586-018-0219-7
2644:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2626:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1692:More is known about the μ
1566:, but a low affinity for
1558:with a high affinity for
1525:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1493:
1480:Chr 6: 154.01 – 154.25 Mb
1474:
1443:
1419:
1350:
1326:
1319:
1284:
1260:
1191:
1167:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1010:
1003:
999:
983:
900:response to growth factor
533:
529:
512:
503:
494:
481:
430:
421:
368:
359:
329:
321:
317:
300:
287:
250:
229:
220:
216:
199:
186:
149:
126:
117:
113:
68:
65:
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
13123:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
13095:Enkephalinase inhibitors
13024:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
13006:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
12922:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
9975:Type I cytokine receptor
9404:Calcium-sensing receptor
9273:Methuselah-like proteins
6708:Medical Subject Headings
6500:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00388
6272:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
5989:10.3390/pharmacy10030048
5630:10.1177/2050640618796748
5530:Neurogastroenterol Motil
5392:Sudakin D (March 2016).
5318:. In Pasternak G (ed.).
5212:10.2174/1381612043453027
4804:10.1021/acsomega.7b01452
4422:Clinical Pain Management
4266:Anesthesia and Analgesia
3789:Biochemical Pharmacology
3639:Anesthesia and Analgesia
3633:Zuo Z (September 2005).
3426:10.3748/wjg.v18.i12.1391
2409:Irreversible antagonists
1927:typically occurs due to
1683:
434:medial habenular nucleus
12821:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
12092:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
11134:Nalorphine dinicotinate
7550:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
7438:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
6418:(inactive 2024-09-13).
6285:10.1073/pnas.2000017118
5044:NIDA Research Monograph
4873:Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev
4677:Kelly E (August 2013).
4507:Neuropsychopharmacology
4000:Frontiers in Bioscience
3917:Frontiers in Bioscience
3711:Pain Management Nursing
3489:10.1073/pnas.0406797102
3458:Liao D, Lin H, Law PY,
3382:Medical Science Monitor
1919:Tolerance and overdoses
12437:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
12382:Pethidine (meperidine)
11575:Pethidine (meperidine)
11265:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
10911:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
10810:Tetrahydropapaveroline
10725:Pethidine (meperidine)
9998:Enzyme-linked receptor
9683:Neuropeptide receptors
9431:Metabotropic glutamate
4955:10.1211/jpp.62.04.0001
3886:10.1124/mol.108.048272
3874:Molecular Pharmacology
2675:10.1006/abbi.1999.1529
2549:(highly non-selective)
2510:Δ-Tetrahydrocannabinol
1812:functional selectivity
1664:functional selectivity
1660:structure-based design
1543:
1487:Chr 10: 6.71 – 6.99 Mb
466:superior frontal gyrus
462:Greater petrosal nerve
438:autonomic nerve plexus
13128:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
12615:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
12515:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
12077:Dinalbuphine sebacate
11952:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
11676:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
11635:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
11275:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
10921:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
10901:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
10373:Dinalbuphine sebacate
7460:Lysophosphatidic acid
6764:Cell surface receptor
6693:"Opioid Receptors: μ"
6585:10.3390/cells10102651
4990:10.1126/science.86208
4071:Clinical Pharmacology
3345:Journal of Immunology
2910:(23): 4361–4375.e19.
2446:Allosteric modulators
2259:Irreversible agonists
1848:decreased respiration
1787:, and in some of the
1541:
895:response to radiation
674:endoplasmic reticulum
284:10 A1|10 1.85 cM
245:Chromosome 10 (mouse)
12985:Sunobinop (S-117957)
12720:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
12052:Diamorphine (heroin)
11385:Diamorphine (heroin)
10353:Diamorphine (heroin)
10153:Acetyldihydrocodeine
10133:7-Hydroxymitragynine
10128:7-Acetoxymitragynine
9385:Vomeronasal receptor
8355:Vomeronasal receptor
6719:genome location and
6084:(12–13): 1385–1388.
6051:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
6024:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
5945:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
5918:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
5891:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
5320:The Opiate Receptors
5238:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
5013:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
4122:ARYA Atherosclerosis
2159:(or partial agonist)
2128:(or partial agonist)
1980:circulatory collapse
850:response to morphine
563:neuropeptide binding
143:Chromosome 6 (human)
13188:Ubenimex (bestatin)
12932:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
12540:β-Chlornaltrexamine
12510:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
11932:β-Chlornaltrexamine
11806:N-Benzylnaltrindole
11701:β-Chlornaltrexamine
11620:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
11285:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
10946:β-Chlornaltrexamine
10916:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
10143:α-Chlornaltrexamine
9278:Parathyroid hormone
7238:signaling molecules
6727:UCSC Genome Browser
6668:10.1124/mol.59.1.30
5868:10.1021/jm00188a008
5832:10.1021/jm00205a002
5715:10.2147/JPR.S141322
5460:10.7759/cureus.5139
5282:10.2147/SAR.S431270
5269:Subst Abuse Rehabil
4519:10.1038/npp.2017.60
4084:10.2147/CPAA.S26582
3676:Cellular Signalling
3480:2005PNAS..102.1725L
3116:2023Natur.613..767F
2973:10.1038/nature14886
2965:2015Natur.524..315H
2810:2018Natur.558..547K
2722:10.1038/nature10954
2714:2012Natur.485..321M
2415:β-Chlornaltrexamine
2402:oral administration
2032:Endogenous agonists
1969:central depressants
1830:, slightly reduced
1761:periaqueductal gray
1614:activity, lowering
1602:that activates the
930:response to cocaine
910:signal transduction
905:response to ethanol
790:locomotory behavior
12750:Norbinaltorphimine
12057:Diacetylnalorphine
11746:Diacetylnalorphine
11370:Desmethylclozapine
11024:Diacetylnalorphine
10704:Papaver somniferum
10288:Chloroxymorphamine
9427:Glutamate receptor
8812:Protease-activated
6704:mu+Opioid+Receptor
5749:Drugs Today (Barc)
5349:Clin Pharmacokinet
5141:10.1007/BF02532378
5079:10.1007/BF00710938
5067:Cell Mol Neurobiol
4631:Acta Pharmacol Sin
4316:Endogenous Opioids
2861:(2): 413–427.e17.
2472:Hydroxynorketamine
2344:silent antagonists
2265:Chloroxymorphamine
2010:serotonin syndrome
1771:(specifically the
1548:μ-opioid receptors
1544:
1105:ENSMUSG00000000766
765:sensory perception
743:Biological process
694:dendrite cytoplasm
622:Cellular component
541:Molecular function
18:Mu opioid receptor
13237:
13236:
13082:
13081:
12927:Nociceptin (1-11)
12798:
12797:
11927:14-Methoxymetopon
11884:
11883:
11801:Methylnaltrindole
11227:
11226:
10896:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
10508:Levacetylmethadol
10054:
10053:
9969:
9968:
9934:GPCR neuropeptide
9845:
9844:
9700:Hormone receptors
9649:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9533:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9315:
8868:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8201:
8200:
7588:
7587:
7231:
7230:
6461:10.1002/med.22050
6358:Neuropharmacology
6239:(19): 1603–1610.
6233:Mini Rev Med Chem
6200:10.1111/bph.12599
6144:10.1111/bph.13823
6138:(14): 2846–2856.
5784:Curr Drug Targets
5575:(12): 1641–1647.
5569:ACS Med Chem Lett
5501:(12): 1727–1737.
5329:978-1-60761-990-1
5135:(11): 1369–1373.
4984:(4390): 316–318.
4943:J Pharm Pharmacol
4914:(16): 2964–2973.
4908:ACS Chem Neurosci
4798:(12): 9261–9267.
4695:10.1111/bph.12222
4513:(10): 2052–2063.
4479:978-0-12-420118-7
4439:978-1-119-70115-6
4333:978-3-031-45492-9
4042:"Opioid toxicity"
4006:(14): 5260–5272.
3746:Neuropharmacology
3682:(11): 1815–1833.
3569:*Lay summary in:
3462:(February 2005).
3419:(12): 1391–1396.
3351:(10): 5118–5123.
3110:(7945): 767–774.
3018:10.1002/wcms.1565
2959:(7565): 315–321.
2804:(7711): 547–552.
2761:(12): 1188–1195.
2708:(7398): 321–326.
2565:κ-opioid receptor
2560:δ-opioid receptor
1781:nucleus accumbens
1745:
1744:
1612:adenylate cyclase
1554:) are a class of
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1505:
1504:
1470:
1469:
1413:
1412:
1315:
1314:
1254:
1253:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1136:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1091:
1066:
1065:
1047:
1046:
995:
994:
679:neuron projection
669:dendrite membrane
525:
524:
521:
520:
490:
489:
477:
476:
415:
414:
404:nucleus accumbens
396:prefrontal cortex
313:
312:
212:
211:
107:OPRM1 - orthologs
16:(Redirected from
13267:
13255:Opioid receptors
13117:
13044:Nociceptin (1-7)
12940:Norbuprenorphine
12877:Dihydroetorphine
12811:
12810:
12700:Methylnaltrexone
12610:Catechin gallate
12342:Norbuprenorphine
12067:Dihydroetorphine
11937:β-Funaltrexamine
11897:
11896:
11796:Methylnaltrexone
11736:Catechin gallate
11550:Norbuprenorphine
11390:Dihydroetorphine
11240:
11239:
11104:Methylnaltrexone
10996:Catechin gallate
10951:β-Funaltrexamine
10363:Dihydroetorphine
10106:
10105:
10081:
10074:
10067:
10058:
10057:
9851:Opioid receptors
9705:
9704:
9696:
9695:
9676:
9669:
9662:
9653:
9652:
9557:
9556:
9539:
9538:
9350:
9349:
9326:
9325:
8892:
8891:
8874:
8873:
8210:
8209:
7597:
7596:
7495:Lysophospholipid
7242:
7241:
6803:
6802:
6798:Neurotransmitter
6794:
6793:
6776:
6775:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6734:
6733:
6700:
6680:
6679:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6614:
6608:
6607:
6597:
6587:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6488:J Chem Inf Model
6479:
6473:
6472:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6435:
6427:
6403:
6392:
6391:
6381:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6297:
6287:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6211:
6179:
6166:
6165:
6155:
6123:
6102:
6101:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6001:
5991:
5976:Pharmacy (Basel)
5967:
5961:
5960:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5924:(3): 1051–1056.
5913:
5907:
5906:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5727:
5717:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5641:
5624:(8): 1126–1135.
5609:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5462:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5284:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5233:
5224:
5223:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4885:10.1002/cpdd.721
4867:
4861:
4860:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4732:
4721:
4720:
4706:
4689:(7): 1430–1446.
4674:
4665:
4664:
4654:
4637:(7): 1646–1657.
4622:
4616:
4615:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4552:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4379:
4346:
4345:
4311:
4298:
4297:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4235:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4183:10.1002/cpt.2027
4162:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4086:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4046:
4037:
4026:
4025:
4015:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3880:(5): 1278–1291.
3868:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3654:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3558:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3491:
3474:(5): 1725–1730.
3455:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3265:10.1172/JCI88760
3259:(4): 1561–1573.
3244:
3238:
3237:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2919:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2870:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2794:protein complex"
2785:
2779:
2778:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2622:
2616:
2606:
2595:
2585:
2420:β-Funaltrexamine
2376:Methylnaltrexone
2270:Methoclocinnamox
2164:Partial agonists
1935:, and decreased
1681:
1680:
1556:opioid receptors
1518:
1517:
1489:
1482:
1465:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1324:
1323:
1320:RefSeq (protein)
1310:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1165:
1164:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1121:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1031:
1001:
1000:
885:response to food
531:
530:
517:
508:
501:
500:
486:
442:myenteric plexus
426:
424:Top expressed in
419:
418:
364:
362:Top expressed in
357:
356:
336:
335:
319:
318:
309:
296:
285:
270:
263:
257:
246:
234:
218:
217:
208:
195:
184:
169:
162:
156:
145:
131:
115:
114:
109:
60:
53:
32:
31:
21:
13275:
13274:
13270:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13265:
13264:
13240:
13239:
13238:
13233:
13115:
13078:
13009:
12994:
12935:
12857:
12849:
12841:
12837:
12829:
12806:
12794:
12590:Binaltorphimine
12535:6β-Naltrexol-d4
12498:
12117:Ethylketazocine
12072:Dihydromorphine
11892:
11880:
11691:6β-Naltrexol-d4
11664:
11420:Ethylketazocine
11395:Dihydromorphine
11235:
11223:
10931:6β-Naltrexol-d4
10884:
10683:Oxymorphonazine
10438:Furanylfentanyl
10368:Dihydromorphine
10223:Benzhydrocodone
10112:
10110:
10101:
10093:
10088:Opioid receptor
10085:
10055:
10050:
10022:
9992:
9965:
9878:
9841:
9820:Cholecystokinin
9791:
9741:
9685:
9680:
9650:
9637:
9621:
9551:
9525:
9412:
9390:
9344:
9312:
9194:
9071:
8886:
8856:
8743:
8360:
8197:
7803:Cholecystokinin
7707:
7584:
7413:Free fatty acid
7353:
7237:
7236:Metabolites and
7227:
7067:
6972:
6869:
6788:
6770:
6761:
6691:
6688:
6683:
6651:
6647:
6615:
6611:
6564:
6560:
6533:J Pharmacol Sci
6529:
6525:
6480:
6476:
6449:
6445:
6429:
6428:
6404:
6395:
6350:
6346:
6315:
6311:
6264:
6260:
6229:
6225:
6180:
6169:
6124:
6105:
6074:
6070:
6047:
6043:
6019:
6015:
5968:
5964:
5941:
5937:
5914:
5910:
5887:
5883:
5851:
5847:
5815:
5811:
5780:
5776:
5745:
5741:
5694:
5690:
5659:
5655:
5610:
5606:
5561:
5557:
5526:
5522:
5490:
5486:
5439:
5435:
5390:
5386:
5341:
5337:
5330:
5312:
5308:
5261:
5257:
5234:
5227:
5196:
5192:
5165:Eur J Pharmacol
5160:
5156:
5125:
5121:
5102:NIDA Res Monogr
5098:
5094:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5036:
5032:
5009:
5005:
4974:
4970:
4939:
4935:
4904:
4900:
4868:
4864:
4833:
4829:
4784:
4780:
4733:
4724:
4675:
4668:
4623:
4619:
4588:
4584:
4553:
4544:
4499:
4495:
4480:
4458:
4447:
4440:
4418:
4411:
4380:
4349:
4334:
4312:
4301:
4261:
4257:
4212:
4208:
4163:
4159:
4114:
4110:
4063:
4056:
4044:
4038:
4029:
3992:
3988:
3948:
3944:
3913:
3909:
3869:
3865:
3820:
3816:
3785:
3781:
3742:
3738:
3707:
3703:
3672:
3668:
3631:
3627:
3588:
3584:
3570:
3527:
3523:
3456:
3452:
3405:
3401:
3378:
3374:
3337:
3333:
3294:
3290:
3245:
3241:
3202:
3198:
3153:
3149:
3096:
3092:
3045:
3041:
3002:
2998:
2945:
2941:
2896:
2892:
2847:
2843:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2751:
2747:
2694:
2690:
2659:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2598:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2556:
2543:
2531:
2506:
2453:
2448:
2411:
2394:
2352:
2288:
2283:
2261:
2249:
2212:
2210:Biased agonists
2199:(or antagonist)
2188:(or antagonist)
2177:(or antagonist)
2166:
2097:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:List of opioids
2018:
1961:benzodiazepines
1925:opioid overdose
1921:
1890:arrestin beta 2
1886:arrestin beta 1
1871:
1804:
1785:cerebral cortex
1757:presynaptically
1750:
1739:opioid peptides
1732:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1688:
1672:
1670:Splice variants
1624:
1607:
1527:View/Edit Mouse
1522:View/Edit Human
1485:
1478:
1475:Location (UCSC)
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1086:ENSG00000112038
979:
785:eating behavior
738:
724:spine apparatus
719:cell projection
699:plasma membrane
649:Golgi apparatus
617:
613:peptide binding
583:protein binding
573:filamin binding
513:
482:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
422:
411:
406:
402:
400:Brodmann area 9
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
360:
304:
291:
283:
273:
272:
271:
264:
244:
221:Gene location (
203:
190:
182:
172:
171:
170:
163:
141:
118:Gene location (
69:
56:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13273:
13263:
13262:
13260:Human proteins
13257:
13252:
13235:
13234:
13232:
13231:
13221:
13220:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13191:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13118:-Phenylalanine
13112:
13107:
13102:
13090:
13088:
13084:
13083:
13080:
13079:
13077:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13016:
13011:
13007:
13002:
13000:
12996:
12995:
12993:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12945:Racemethorphan
12942:
12937:
12933:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12892:Levomethorphan
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12855:
12851:
12847:
12843:
12839:
12835:
12831:
12827:
12823:
12817:
12815:
12808:
12800:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12692:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12506:
12504:
12500:
12499:
12497:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12397:Racemethorphan
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12217:Levomethorphan
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11903:
11901:
11894:
11886:
11885:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11672:
11670:
11666:
11665:
11663:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11585:Racemethorphan
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11537:
11532:
11527:
11522:
11517:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11495:Levomethorphan
11492:
11490:Leu-enkephalin
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11246:
11244:
11237:
11229:
11228:
11225:
11224:
11222:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11169:Naltrexonazine
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10892:
10890:
10886:
10885:
10883:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10770:Racemethorphan
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10513:Levomethorphan
10510:
10505:
10503:Leu-enkephalin
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10463:Hydromorphinol
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10358:Dihydrocodeine
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10323:Dextromoramide
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10228:Benzylmorphine
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10158:Acetylfentanyl
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10119:
10117:
10103:
10095:
10094:
10084:
10083:
10076:
10069:
10061:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10041:
10030:
10028:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10019:
10018:
10013:
10002:
10000:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9985:
9979:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9958:
9957:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9892:
9886:
9884:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9855:
9853:
9847:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9839:
9834:
9833:
9832:
9827:
9817:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9799:
9797:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9751:
9749:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9713:
9711:
9702:
9693:
9687:
9686:
9679:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9656:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9635:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9619:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9553:
9552:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9523:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9498:
9492:
9487:
9478:
9473:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9424:
9418:
9410:
9406:
9400:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9359:
9357:
9346:
9345:
9322:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9304:
9295:
9290:
9284:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9230:
9224:
9215:
9210:
9204:
9202:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9081:
9079:
9073:
9072:
9070:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8993:
8992:
8991:
8986:
8985:
8984:
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8958:
8957:
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8955:
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8866:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8848:
8843:
8834:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8809:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8764:
8759:
8757:Adrenomedullin
8753:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8741:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8370:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8219:
8217:
8207:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8189:
8184:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8154:
8149:
8140:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8110:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8085:
8080:
8074:
8065:
8060:
8054:
8045:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8012:
8007:
8001:
7992:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7962:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7886:
7877:
7871:
7866:
7857:
7852:
7846:
7841:
7835:Formyl peptide
7832:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7809:
7800:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7787:
7778:
7772:
7767:
7757:
7752:
7746:
7737:
7731:
7725:
7715:
7713:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7705:
7699:
7690:
7684:
7675:
7666:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7641:
7636:
7630:
7621:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7594:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7492:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7435:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7389:
7376:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7307:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7266:
7260:
7250:
7248:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7190:
7184:
7179:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7106:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7040:
7034:
7029:
7020:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6982:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6905:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6841:
6832:
6826:
6821:
6811:
6809:
6800:
6790:
6789:
6772:
6771:
6760:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6711:
6701:
6687:
6686:External links
6684:
6682:
6681:
6645:
6609:
6558:
6523:
6494:(9): 1836–43.
6474:
6443:
6393:
6344:
6325:(4): 298–303.
6309:
6258:
6223:
6194:(2): 277–286.
6188:Br J Pharmacol
6167:
6132:Br J Pharmacol
6103:
6068:
6057:(3): 455–462.
6041:
6030:(3): 933–940.
6013:
5962:
5951:(2): 715–721.
5935:
5908:
5897:(3): 494–498.
5881:
5862:(2): 168–173.
5845:
5826:(7): 598–599.
5809:
5790:(1): 124–135.
5774:
5755:(8): 479–489.
5739:
5688:
5669:(5): 541–552.
5653:
5604:
5555:
5536:(2): 157–165.
5520:
5484:
5433:
5384:
5355:(4): 397–422.
5335:
5328:
5306:
5255:
5244:(1): 245–252.
5225:
5206:(7): 717–732.
5200:Curr Pharm Des
5190:
5171:(2): 209–214.
5154:
5119:
5092:
5057:
5030:
5019:(3): 539–544.
5003:
4968:
4949:(4): 401–412.
4933:
4898:
4879:(2): 256–266.
4862:
4843:(6): 717–720.
4827:
4778:
4722:
4683:Br J Pharmacol
4666:
4617:
4598:(2): 226–248.
4582:
4563:(3): 326–344.
4542:
4493:
4478:
4445:
4438:
4409:
4390:(3): 449–461.
4347:
4332:
4299:
4272:(4): 510–514.
4255:
4226:(2): 205–223.
4206:
4177:(3): 637–645.
4157:
4128:(3): 111–117.
4108:
4054:
4027:
3986:
3959:(1): 105–119.
3942:
3923:(1): 164–170.
3907:
3863:
3834:(1): 115–120.
3814:
3779:
3752:(6): 853–868.
3736:
3717:(3): 113–121.
3701:
3666:
3645:(3): 728–734.
3625:
3598:(5): 556–564.
3582:
3541:(2): 447–458.
3521:
3450:
3399:
3372:
3331:
3304:(4): 943–946.
3288:
3239:
3212:(1): 209–220.
3196:
3167:(1): 185–190.
3147:
3090:
3039:
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2745:
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2228:
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2208:
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2206:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2084:met-enkephalin
2080:leu-enkephalin
2073:
2063:
2049:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2008:and can cause
1943:occurs due to
1937:cardiac output
1920:
1917:
1873:As with other
1870:
1867:
1832:blood pressure
1803:
1800:
1777:olfactory bulb
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1671:
1668:
1623:
1620:
1605:
1564:beta-endorphin
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1441:
1440:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1348:
1347:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1282:
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1126:
1125:
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686:
681:
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661:
659:focal adhesion
656:
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641:
636:
631:
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623:
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450:spinal ganglia
447:
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427:
416:
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397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
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369:
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365:
353:
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344:
333:
327:
326:
323:RNA expression
315:
314:
311:
310:
302:
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297:
289:
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281:
275:
274:
265:
258:
252:
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174:
173:
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151:
147:
146:
139:
133:
132:
124:
123:
111:
110:
67:
63:
62:
54:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13272:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13248:
13247:
13245:
13229:
13226:
13223:
13222:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13213:Pronociceptin
13211:
13209:
13208:Proenkephalin
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13193:
13192:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
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13139:
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13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13085:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13004:
13003:
13001:
12997:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12867:Buprenorphine
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12852:
12850:
12844:
12842:
12832:
12830:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12812:
12809:
12805:
12801:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12600:Buprenorphine
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12550:Amentoflavone
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12507:
12505:
12501:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12474:
12473:nortriptyline
12470:
12466:
12462:
12461:amitriptyline
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12417:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12167:Hydromorphone
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12082:Diprenorphine
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12062:Difelikefalin
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12042:Cyprenorphine
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11987:Big dynorphin
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11907:3CS-nalmefene
11905:
11904:
11902:
11898:
11895:
11891:
11887:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11751:Diprenorphine
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11673:
11671:
11667:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11455:Hydromorphone
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11365:Deltorphin II
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11250:3CS-nalmefene
11248:
11247:
11245:
11241:
11238:
11234:
11230:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11099:Methocinnamox
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11059:Ginsenoside R
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11029:Diprenorphine
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10906:3CS-nalmefene
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10887:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10735:Phencyclidine
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10710:
10706:
10705:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10678:Oxymorphazone
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10468:Hydromorphone
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10413:Ethylmorphine
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10403:Endomorphin-2
10401:
10399:
10398:Endomorphin-1
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10378:Diphenoxylate
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10263:Butyrfentanyl
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10248:Buprenorphine
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10163:Acrylfentanyl
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10138:ψ-Akuammigine
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10082:
10077:
10075:
10070:
10068:
10063:
10062:
10059:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10036:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10008:
10007:
10004:
10003:
10001:
9999:
9995:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9972:
9962:
9959:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9936:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9913:
9910:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9897:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9881:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9848:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9794:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9757:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9748:
9744:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9688:
9684:
9677:
9672:
9670:
9665:
9663:
9658:
9657:
9654:
9634:
9631:
9630:
9628:
9624:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9568:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9540:
9536:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9499:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9413:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9397:
9393:
9386:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9365:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9351:
9347:
9343:
9339:
9336:
9332:
9327:
9323:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9231:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9201:
9197:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9083:
9082:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9066:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8997:
8994:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8960:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8934:
8931:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8884:
8880:
8875:
8871:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8835:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8363:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8206:Miscellaneous
8204:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7719:Anaphylatoxin
7717:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7296:Prostaglandin
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7240:
7234:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7079:Acetylcholine
7077:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6758:
6753:
6751:
6746:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6656:Mol Pharmacol
6649:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6562:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6439:
6433:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6408:Mol Pharmacol
6402:
6400:
6398:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6072:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6045:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5966:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5939:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5778:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5692:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5398:J Med Toxicol
5395:
5388:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5230:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5129:Neurochem Res
5123:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5096:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5034:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5007:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4673:
4671:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4414:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4077:(53): 53–63.
4076:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4059:
4050:
4043:
4040:Blok (2017).
4036:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Methocinnamox
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Diprenorphine
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2275:Oxymorphazone
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Buprenorphine
2168:
2167:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Hydromorphone
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:Full agonists
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2060:endomorphin-2
2057:
2056:endomorphin-1
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:tachyphylaxis
1876:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:, inhibiting
1609:
1608:alpha subunit
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:RefSeq (mRNA)
1159:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:wound healing
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:estrous cycle
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:membrane raft
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
621:
620:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:Gene ontology
532:
528:
516:
511:
507:
502:
499:
497:
493:
485:
480:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
429:
425:
420:
417:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
358:
355:
354:
351:
349:
345:
343:
342:
338:
337:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
303:
299:
295:
290:
280:
276:
269:
262:
256:
249:
241:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
215:
207:
202:
198:
194:
189:
179:
175:
168:
161:
155:
148:
144:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
64:
59:
52:
47:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
13224:
13203:Prodynorphin
13195:Propeptides:
13194:
13093:
13064:Thienorphine
12887:JNJ-19385899
12872:Cebranopadol
12854:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
12846:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
12530:6β-Naltrexol
12447:Thienorphine
12412:Salvinorin A
12212:Levallorphan
12017:Cebranopadol
11876:Thienorphine
11686:6β-Naltrexol
11470:JNJ-20788560
11465:Isomethadone
11360:Deltorphin I
11355:Deltorphin A
11335:Cebranopadol
11330:Casokefamide
11164:Naltrexazone
11154:Naloxonazine
11079:Levallorphan
10926:6β-Naltrexol
10825:Thienorphine
10780:Remifentanil
10702:
10633:Nicomorphine
10628:Nicodicodine
10583:Morphiceptin
10483:Ketobemidone
10318:Desomorphine
10303:DAMGO (DAGO)
10283:Cebranopadol
10278:Casokefamide
10098:
9868:
9737:Somatostatin
9709:Hypothalamic
9395:
9362:
9335:Metabotropic
9199:
9084:
9037:
8995:
8961:
8932:
8903:
8748:
8373:
8222:
8173:Urotensin-II
8113:Somatostatin
8068:Prokineticin
8028:
7965:Melanocortin
7668:
7601:Neuropeptide
7540:Oxoglutarate
7382:
7344:Prostacyclin
7313:
7300:
7253:
7141:GHB receptor
7042:
6985:
6721:
6715:
6696:
6662:(1): 30–37.
6659:
6655:
6648:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6575:
6571:
6561:
6539:(1): 67–75.
6536:
6532:
6526:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6452:
6446:
6432:cite journal
6407:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6275:
6271:
6261:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6191:
6187:
6135:
6131:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6027:
6023:
6016:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5859:
5855:
5848:
5823:
5819:
5812:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5705:
5701:
5691:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5621:
5617:
5607:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5453:(7): e5139.
5450:
5446:
5436:
5404:(1): 71–75.
5401:
5397:
5387:
5352:
5348:
5338:
5319:
5309:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5241:
5237:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5048:. Retrieved
5043:
5033:
5016:
5012:
5006:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4747:(17): 3870.
4744:
4740:
4716:
4686:
4682:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4560:
4556:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4461:
4421:
4387:
4383:
4315:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4074:
4070:
4049:Clinical Key
4048:
4013:10.2741/3596
4003:
3999:
3989:
3956:
3953:Neuroscience
3952:
3945:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3795:(1): 76–84.
3792:
3788:
3782:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3576:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3471:
3467:
3453:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3209:
3206:Neuroscience
3205:
3199:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3012:(2): e1565.
3009:
3005:
2999:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2801:
2797:
2783:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2669:(1): 31–49.
2666:
2662:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2522:Salvinorin A
2512:(THC) (weak)
2440:Naloxonazine
2356:6β-Naltrexol
2341:
2307:Levallorphan
2236:Tegileridine
2205:(meperidine)
2052:Endomorphins
1996:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1965:barbiturates
1953:potentiation
1945:vasodilation
1922:
1913:
1894:RGS proteins
1872:
1869:Deactivation
1860:
1856:constipation
1817:
1805:
1797:
1754:
1751:
1721:
1701:
1684:
1673:
1625:
1571:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1463:NP_001291884
1459:NP_001291879
1455:NP_001291877
1451:NP_001291867
1447:NP_001291866
1444:
1437:NP_001289725
1433:NP_001289724
1429:NP_001289723
1425:NP_001289722
1421:NP_001034741
1406:NP_001272457
1402:NP_001272456
1398:NP_001272455
1394:NP_001272453
1390:NP_001272452
1386:NP_001272451
1382:NP_001138759
1378:NP_001138758
1374:NP_001138757
1370:NP_001138756
1366:NP_001138755
1362:NP_001138754
1358:NP_001138753
1354:NP_001138752
1351:
1344:NP_001138751
1340:NP_001008505
1336:NP_001008504
1332:NP_001008503
1308:NM_001304955
1304:NM_001304950
1300:NM_001304948
1296:NM_001304938
1292:NM_001304937
1288:NM_001302796
1285:
1278:NM_001302795
1274:NM_001302794
1270:NM_001302793
1262:NM_001039652
1247:NM_001285528
1243:NM_001285527
1239:NM_001285526
1235:NM_001285524
1231:NM_001285523
1227:NM_001285522
1223:NM_001145287
1219:NM_001145286
1215:NM_001145285
1211:NM_001145284
1207:NM_001145283
1203:NM_001145282
1199:NM_001145281
1195:NM_001145280
1192:
1185:NM_001145279
1181:NM_001008505
1177:NM_001008504
1173:NM_001008503
1148:
1129:
1103:
1084:
1058:
1039:
1019:
1014:
408:hypothalamus
392:right testis
346:
339:
204:154,246,867
191:154,010,496
66:External IDs
29:
13133:Kelatorphan
13110:Candoxatril
12999:Antagonists
12950:Racemorphan
12917:NNC 63-0532
12902:Lexanopadol
12897:Levorphanol
12775:Quadazocine
12760:Pawhuskin A
12755:Noribogaine
12745:Navacaprant
12735:Naltrindole
12655:Epicatechin
12620:Clocinnamox
12503:Antagonists
12465:desipramine
12432:Samidorphan
12402:Racemorphan
12387:Phenazocine
12377:Pentazocine
12357:Norketamine
12352:Noribogaine
12312:Nalfurafine
12277:Mirtazapine
12267:Metkefamide
12227:Lexanopadol
12222:Levorphanol
12202:Laudanosine
12187:ICI-204,448
12182:ICI-199,441
12152:Hemorphin-4
12112:Erinacine E
12097:Eluxadoline
12087:Dynorphin A
12032:Cyclazocine
12007:Butorphanol
11992:Bremazocine
11967:Asimadoline
11957:Allomatrine
11947:Akuammicine
11856:Quadazocine
11851:Pawhuskin A
11846:Noribogaine
11831:Naltrindole
11771:Epicatechin
11766:Eluxadoline
11741:Clocinnamox
11669:Antagonists
11600:Samidorphan
11590:Racemorphan
11570:Oxymorphone
11530:Mitragynine
11525:Metkefamide
11505:Lexanopadol
11500:Levorphanol
11485:Laudanosine
11450:Hydrocodone
11445:Hemorphin-4
11345:Cyclazocine
11320:Butorphanol
11295:β-Endorphin
11214:Samidorphan
11209:Quadazocine
11199:Pawhuskin A
11189:Noribogaine
11179:Naltrindole
11114:Naldemedine
11044:Epicatechin
11001:Clocinnamox
10889:Antagonists
10860:Tubotaiwine
10845:Trimebutine
10775:Racemorphan
10745:Piritramide
10730:Phenazocine
10715:Pentazocine
10688:Oxymorphone
10653:Oliceridine
10638:Norketamine
10623:Nicocodeine
10608:Naltalimide
10573:Mitragynine
10563:Metkefamide
10533:Loxicodegol
10523:Lexanopadol
10518:Levorphanol
10493:Laudanosine
10458:Hydrocodone
10453:Hodgkinsine
10443:Hemorphin-4
10433:Frakefamide
10393:Embutramide
10388:Dynorphin A
10348:Eluxadoline
10338:Dimenoxadol
10273:Carfentanil
10258:Butorphanol
10233:Bezitramide
10203:β-Endorphin
10193:Anileridine
10183:Akuammidine
10178:Akuammicine
10148:α-Narcotine
9961:Neurotensin
9890:Angiotensin
9755:Vasopressin
9043:Latrophilin
8178:Vasopressin
8163:Thyrotropin
7740:Angiotensin
7693:Neurotensin
7370:Cannabinoid
7349:Thromboxane
6453:Med Res Rev
5708:: 195–199.
5108:: 136–142.
5073:(1): 1–13.
4051:. Elsevier.
3929:10.2741/e16
3053:BMC Biology
2516:Cannabidiol
2493:Norketamine
2425:Clocinnamox
2381:Naldemedine
2337:Samidorphan
2292:Cyclazocine
2281:Antagonists
2216:Oliceridine
2197:Pentazocine
2192:Oliceridine
2175:Butorphanol
2147:Oxymorphone
2126:Levorphanol
2116:Hydrocodone
2088:adrenorphin
2076:Enkephalins
2070:β-endorphin
2046:dynorphin B
2042:dynorphin A
1987:antagonists
1967:, or other
1949:bradycardia
1941:hypotension
1883:β-arrestins
1769:spinal cord
1765:dorsal horn
1640:β-endorphin
1560:enkephalins
629:postsynapse
470:granulocyte
388:left testis
44:Identifiers
13244:Categories
13228:Kyotorphin
13173:Spinorphin
13054:SB-612,111
13049:Nocistatin
13019:BAN-ORL-24
12970:SCH-486757
12965:SCH-221510
12804:Nociceptin
12765:PF-4455242
12740:Naringenin
12730:Naltrexone
12690:LY-2795050
12685:LY-2459989
12680:LY-2444296
12675:LY-2196044
12660:Hyperoside
12575:Aticaprant
12469:imipramine
12392:Proxorphan
12367:Oxilorphan
12337:Niravoline
12327:Nalorphine
12302:Nalbuphine
12287:Moxazocine
12262:Metazocine
12232:Lofentanil
12197:Ketazocine
12157:Herkinorin
12137:Gemazocine
12127:Fedotozine
12107:Eptazocine
12037:Cyclorphan
12022:Ciprefadol
11841:Naringenin
11821:Naltrexone
11816:Nalorphine
11791:LY-2196044
11781:ICI-174864
11776:ICI-154129
11721:Bevenopran
11696:α-Santolol
11660:Zenazocine
11640:Tonazocine
11595:RWJ-394674
11580:Proglumide
11520:Metazocine
11510:Lofentanil
11440:Fluorophen
11204:Rimonabant
11194:Oxilorphan
11184:Naringenin
11174:Naltrexone
11139:Naloxazone
11129:Nalorphine
11094:LY-2196044
11064:Hyperoside
11054:Gemazocine
11049:Eptazocine
10986:Bevenopran
10830:Tianeptine
10805:Tapentadol
10800:Sufentanil
10795:Sinomenine
10785:Salsolinol
10740:Piminodine
10658:Oxycodegol
10648:Octreotide
10643:Nufenoxole
10593:Nalbuphine
10548:Meptazinol
10528:Loperamide
10498:Lefetamine
10448:Herkinorin
10428:Fluorophen
10383:Dipipanone
10308:Dermorphin
10198:Apparicine
10188:Alfentanil
10111:(abridged;
10091:modulators
9912:Tachykinin
9895:Bradykinin
9874:Nociceptin
9815:Calcitonin
9633:Smoothened
9626:Smoothened
9549:Smoothened
9208:Calcitonin
8143:Tachykinin
8040:, but not
8034:Nociceptin
7900:Kisspeptin
7818:Endothelin
7781:Bradykinin
7669:Neuromedin
7246:Eicosanoid
6875:Purinergic
6807:Adrenergic
6626:: 170901.
6364:: 108673.
5856:J Med Chem
5820:J Med Chem
5702:J Pain Res
3388:(6): ED5.
3059:(1): 213.
2615:, May 2017
2594:, May 2017
2571:References
2547:SCH-202676
2535:BMS-986124
2462:BMS‐986122
2457:BMS-986121
2435:Naloxazone
2371:Bevenopran
2332:Naltrexone
2322:Nalorphine
2253:Loperamide
2186:Nalbuphine
2152:Tianeptine
2066:Endorphins
2038:Dynorphins
2020:See also:
2002:tapentadol
1892:, and the
1802:Activation
1716:receptor.
1568:dynorphins
689:sarcolemma
644:perikaryon
350:(ortholog)
305:6,988,198
292:6,708,506
87:HomoloGene
13183:Tynorphin
13178:Thiorphan
13158:Opiorphan
13100:Amastatin
13029:J-113,397
12990:TH-030418
12960:Ro65-6570
12955:Ro64-6198
12882:Etorphine
12790:Zyklophin
12780:Taxifolin
12670:LY-255582
12630:Cyclofoxy
12580:Axelopran
12494:Xorphanol
12484:U-54,494A
12452:Tifluadom
12442:TH-030418
12372:Oxycodone
12362:Oripavine
12332:Naltriben
12317:Nalmefene
12272:Mianserin
12242:Lufuradom
12147:GR-103545
12122:Etorphine
12102:Enadoline
12002:Butorphan
11997:BRL-52537
11962:Apadoline
11871:Taxifolin
11866:SoRI-9409
11826:Naltriben
11811:Nalmefene
11786:LY-255582
11716:Axelopran
11655:Xorphanol
11625:TH-030418
11605:SB-235863
11565:Oxycodone
11560:Oripavine
11425:Etorphine
11315:Butorphan
11280:Amoxapine
11219:Taxifolin
11144:Naloxegol
11119:Nalmefene
11089:LY-255582
11019:Cyprodime
11014:Cyclofoxy
10981:Axelopran
10961:Alvimopan
10956:Akuammine
10941:α-Gliadin
10880:Xorphanol
10870:Valorphin
10815:TH-030418
10673:Oxycodone
10668:Oripavine
10603:Nalmexone
10558:Methadone
10538:LS-115509
10418:Etorphine
10408:Eseroline
10253:Butorphan
10114:full list
9988:Prolactin
9747:Pituitary
9543:Class F:
9342:pheromone
9338:glutamate
8762:Olfactory
7798:Chemokine
7580:Succinate
7365:Bile acid
7173:Melatonin
7146:Histamine
6986:(all but
6978:Serotonin
6883:Adenosine
6785:Rhodopsin
5982:(3): 48.
5275:: 43–57.
4792:ACS Omega
4741:Molecules
4250:231613932
3034:237649760
3026:1759-0876
2934:253426623
2885:255750597
2386:Naloxegol
2366:Axelopran
2361:Alvimopan
2317:Nalodeine
2312:Nalmefene
2297:Cyprodime
2203:Pethidine
2142:Oxycodone
2132:Methadone
1933:hypoxemia
1929:bradypnea
1824:analgesia
1735:alkaloids
1656:artifacts
1632:alvimopan
1622:Structure
1574:)-opioid
1328:NP_000905
1266:NM_011013
1169:NM_000914
1005:Orthologs
634:cytoplasm
95:GeneCards
13069:Trap-101
13059:SR-16430
12980:SR-16435
12834:(PheΨ(CH
12814:Agonists
12725:Naloxone
12635:Dezocine
12605:Catechin
12560:Apigenin
12489:U-69,593
12282:Morphine
12252:MB-1C-OH
12192:Ketamine
12177:Ibogaine
12142:GR-89696
12132:Fentanyl
12012:BW373U86
11900:Agonists
11890:κ-opioid
11836:Naloxone
11731:Catechin
11706:Apigenin
11645:Tramadol
11630:Thebaine
11540:Morphine
11460:Ibogaine
11430:Fentanyl
11410:DPI-3290
11380:Dezocine
11325:BW373U86
11305:Biphalin
11270:ADL-5859
11243:Agonists
11233:δ-opioid
11159:Naloxone
11084:Lobeline
11069:Ibogaine
10991:Catechin
10971:Apigenin
10840:Tramadol
10835:Tilidine
10820:Thebaine
10790:SC-17599
10760:Propiram
10720:Pericine
10663:OM-3-MNZ
10588:Morphine
10478:Ketamine
10423:Fentanyl
10333:Dezocine
10268:BW373U86
10238:Biphalin
10123:3-HO-PCP
10109:Agonists
10099:μ-opioid
9777:Oxytocin
9567:Frizzled
9560:Frizzled
9545:Frizzled
9387:, type 2
9293:Secretin
9233:Glucagon
8938:Cadherin
8896:Adhesion
8883:Secretin
8216:, bitter
8063:Oxytocin
7760:Bombesin
7408:Estrogen
7109:Dopamine
6676:11125021
6640:36347314
6620:Peptides
6604:34685631
6553:29716811
6518:26347990
6469:38751227
6424:39187388
6388:34153316
6339:37683976
6304:33846240
6253:30009707
6218:24460691
6162:28419415
6078:Life Sci
6036:10945843
6008:35645327
5804:24020972
5769:26380386
5734:29391826
5683:16634692
5648:30288274
5599:31857840
5550:15787936
5515:22123184
5495:Pain Med
5479:31523568
5428:26546222
5379:38485851
5370:11052794
5301:38585160
5292:10999209
5220:15032698
5185:10585536
5050:9 August
4963:20604828
4928:34346690
4893:31286645
4857:38771484
4822:31457439
4773:32854452
4713:23646826
4661:34737418
4537:28303899
4488:24484983
4404:33004158
4342:38874716
4294:24530179
4242:33446314
4201:32865832
4152:22577457
4103:23204873
4022:19482614
3973:18834930
3937:19482692
3894:18703670
3858:18640146
3809:17880927
3774:23797166
3766:15829256
3731:17723928
3696:16750901
3661:16115983
3620:29491629
3612:18068348
3565:22000021
3516:15659552
3445:22493554
3394:15173675
3367:12734358
3326:54354971
3283:28319053
3234:22410194
3226:15893644
3191:17094965
3142:36450356
3133:10328120
3085:37817141
3076:10566028
2991:26245379
2926:36368306
2877:36638794
2836:29899455
2775:36396979
2740:22437502
2683:10683246
2611:–
2590:–
2554:See also
2498:Oxytocin
2483:Ketamine
2478:Ignavine
2398:Naloxone
2327:Naloxone
2231:SR-17018
2181:Dezocine
2157:Tramadol
2137:Morphine
2106:Fentanyl
2027:Agonists
1998:Tramadol
1991:naloxone
1844:euphoria
1828:sedation
1820:morphine
1793:amygdala
1748:Location
1737:but not
1648:morphine
1644:fentanyl
1618:levels.
1596:Morpheus
1584:morphine
1511:Wikidata
984:Sources:
709:endosome
704:dendrite
654:membrane
446:Subplate
376:testicle
13225:Others:
13153:RB-3007
13105:BL-2401
13074:UFP-101
13039:NalBzOH
13034:JTC-801
12975:SR-8993
12912:MT-7716
12862:BU08070
12715:MR-2266
12695:MeJDTic
12625:CVL-354
12595:BU09059
12585:AZ-MTAB
12565:Arodyne
12525:6'-GNTI
12520:5'-GNTI
12479:U-50488
12459:(e.g.,
12307:NalBzOH
12292:MR-2034
12257:Menthol
12247:Matrine
11982:BAM-22P
11977:BAM-18P
11972:BAM-12P
11912:6'-GNTI
11681:5'-NTII
11615:SNC-162
11555:NalBzOH
11475:KNT-127
11405:DPI-221
11340:Codeine
11300:BAM-18P
11290:AZD2327
11255:6'-GNTI
11149:Naloxol
10875:Viminol
10865:U-47700
10850:TRIMU 5
10755:Prodine
10698:OxyPNPH
10613:Neopine
10598:NalBzOH
10568:Metopon
10543:Matrine
10293:Codeine
10243:BU08070
10218:BAM-22P
10213:BAM-18P
10208:BAM-12P
10173:AH-7921
9929:Galanin
9356:, sweet
9331:Class C
9263:PACAPR1
8879:Class B
8088:Relaxin
8010:Motilin
7895:Ghrelin
7860:Galanin
7593:Peptide
6781:Class A
6595:8534029
6509:4703110
6379:8410669
6295:8072371
6209:4292945
6153:6016636
6098:6292633
6063:6105201
5999:9149874
5957:7965787
5930:1326622
5903:6121045
5725:5774487
5639:6169055
5590:6912869
5470:6741386
5419:4781804
5250:2164093
5149:8947927
5114:6207431
5087:6204757
5025:6162947
4978:Science
4813:6645658
4764:7504468
4704:3724102
4652:9253008
4612:2670517
4577:1711441
4528:5561344
4286:1554117
4192:7983936
4143:3347855
4094:3508653
3981:9022097
3902:6310244
3849:2597555
3556:3197217
3498:3374498
3476:Bibcode
3436:3319967
3318:8029266
3274:5373896
3182:1766947
3112:Bibcode
2982:4639397
2961:Bibcode
2827:6317904
2806:Bibcode
2731:3523197
2710:Bibcode
2613:Ensembl
2592:Ensembl
2226:SHR9352
2101:Codeine
2068:(e.g.,
2040:(e.g.,
2016:Ligands
1957:ethanol
1836:itching
1822:causes
1791:of the
1767:of the
1759:in the
1710:TRIMU 5
1580:agonist
1576:peptide
1117:UniProt
1072:Ensembl
1011:Species
990:QuickGO
325:pattern
51:Aliases
13163:Selank
13148:RB-120
13143:RB-101
13087:Others
13014:AT-076
12907:MCOPPB
12570:AT-076
12416:salvia
12297:N-MPPP
12237:LPK-26
11861:SDM25N
11711:AT-076
11650:TRV250
11610:SNC-80
11480:Kratom
11260:7-SIOM
10976:AT-076
10966:AM-251
10855:TRV734
10750:PL-017
10488:Kratom
10473:IBNtxA
9547:&
9476:GPRC6A
9213:CALCRL
9077:Orphan
8366:Orphan
8357:type 1
8048:Orexin
8036:&
8015:Opioid
7755:Apelin
6713:Human
6710:(MeSH)
6674:
6638:
6602:
6592:
6578:(10).
6551:
6516:
6506:
6467:
6422:
6386:
6376:
6337:
6302:
6292:
6278:(16).
6251:
6216:
6206:
6160:
6150:
6096:
6061:
6034:
6006:
5996:
5955:
5928:
5901:
5876:218009
5874:
5840:209185
5838:
5802:
5767:
5732:
5722:
5681:
5646:
5636:
5597:
5587:
5548:
5513:
5477:
5467:
5447:Cureus
5426:
5416:
5377:
5367:
5326:
5299:
5289:
5248:
5218:
5183:
5147:
5112:
5085:
5023:
4996:
4961:
4926:
4891:
4855:
4820:
4810:
4771:
4761:
4711:
4701:
4659:
4649:
4610:
4575:
4535:
4525:
4486:
4476:
4436:
4402:
4340:
4330:
4292:
4284:
4248:
4240:
4199:
4189:
4150:
4140:
4101:
4091:
4020:
3979:
3971:
3935:
3900:
3892:
3856:
3846:
3807:
3772:
3764:
3729:
3694:
3659:
3618:
3610:
3563:
3553:
3514:
3507:545084
3504:
3496:
3460:Loh HH
3443:
3433:
3392:
3365:
3324:
3316:
3281:
3271:
3232:
3224:
3189:
3179:
3140:
3130:
3104:Nature
3083:
3073:
3032:
3024:
2989:
2979:
2953:Nature
2932:
2924:
2883:
2875:
2834:
2824:
2798:Nature
2773:
2738:
2728:
2702:Nature
2681:
2524:(weak)
2518:(weak)
2400:(with
2241:TRV734
2111:Heroin
1947:, and
1923:Fatal
1907:, and
1901:RGS9-2
1852:miosis
1840:nausea
1789:nuclei
1779:, the
1497:search
1495:PubMed
1150:P42866
1131:P35372
1027:Entrez
496:BioGPS
454:embryo
183:6q25.2
75:600018
13168:Semax
12807:(NOP)
12785:UPHIT
12770:RB-64
12710:ML350
12705:ML190
12665:JDTic
12640:DIPPA
12407:RB-64
12162:HS665
12027:CR665
11922:18-MC
11917:8-CAC
11893:(KOR)
11415:DSLET
11400:DPDPE
11350:DADLE
11310:BU-48
11236:(DOR)
11074:JDTic
10936:18-MC
10765:PZM21
10709:opium
10618:NFEPP
10298:DADLE
10102:(MOR)
10034:Sigma
10027:Other
9917:TACR1
9864:Kappa
9859:Delta
9796:Other
9396:Other
9363:TAS1R
9354:Taste
9252:GLP2R
9247:GLP1R
9200:Other
9065:ELTD1
9038:ADGRL
8996:ADGRG
8962:ADGRE
8933:ADGRC
8904:ADGRB
8885:-like
8767:Opsin
8749:Other
8223:TAS2R
8214:Taste
8042:Sigma
8024:Kappa
8019:Delta
7727:C5a (
7712:Other
7358:Other
7286:FPRL1
7254:CysLT
7072:Other
7023:5-HT2
6993:5-HT1
6988:5-HT3
6787:-like
6722:OPRM1
6716:OPRM1
6572:Cells
4998:86208
4837:Drugs
4592:Drugs
4557:Drugs
4290:S2CID
4246:S2CID
4045:(PDF)
3977:S2CID
3898:S2CID
3770:S2CID
3616:S2CID
3494:JSTOR
3322:S2CID
3230:S2CID
3030:S2CID
2930:S2CID
2881:S2CID
2474:(HNK)
2467:Comp5
2221:PZM21
2006:SNRIs
1909:RGSZ2
1905:RGS14
1729:The μ
1636:DAMGO
1628:β-FNA
1588:opium
1060:18390
1020:Mouse
1015:Human
986:Amigo
384:sperm
372:gonad
348:Mouse
341:Human
288:Start
223:Mouse
187:Start
120:Human
99:OPRM1
91:37368
83:97441
58:OPRM1
35:OPRM1
12555:ANTI
12172:HZ-2
11726:BNTX
11009:CTOP
11005:CTAP
10016:NPR2
10011:NPR1
9808:NPR3
9782:LHCG
9727:LHRH
9501:RAIG
9409:GABA
9242:GIPR
8989:CD97
8837:SREB
8638:137B
8613:109B
8608:109A
8038:Zeta
7995:MCHR
7775:NMBR
7770:GRPR
7765:BRS3
7403:EBI2
7269:LTB4
7193:TAAR
7043:5-HT
6672:PMID
6636:PMID
6600:PMID
6549:PMID
6514:PMID
6465:PMID
6438:link
6420:PMID
6384:PMID
6335:PMID
6300:PMID
6249:PMID
6214:PMID
6158:PMID
6094:PMID
6059:PMID
6032:PMID
6004:PMID
5953:PMID
5926:PMID
5899:PMID
5872:PMID
5836:PMID
5800:PMID
5765:PMID
5730:PMID
5679:PMID
5644:PMID
5595:PMID
5546:PMID
5511:PMID
5475:PMID
5424:PMID
5375:PMID
5324:ISBN
5297:PMID
5246:PMID
5216:PMID
5181:PMID
5145:PMID
5110:PMID
5083:PMID
5052:2024
5021:PMID
4994:PMID
4959:PMID
4924:PMID
4889:PMID
4853:PMID
4818:PMID
4769:PMID
4709:PMID
4657:PMID
4608:PMID
4573:PMID
4533:PMID
4484:PMID
4474:ISBN
4434:ISBN
4400:PMID
4338:PMID
4328:ISBN
4282:PMID
4238:PMID
4197:PMID
4148:PMID
4099:PMID
4018:PMID
3969:PMID
3933:PMID
3890:PMID
3854:PMID
3805:PMID
3762:PMID
3727:PMID
3692:PMID
3657:PMID
3608:PMID
3561:PMID
3535:Cell
3512:PMID
3441:PMID
3390:PMID
3363:PMID
3314:PMID
3279:PMID
3222:PMID
3187:PMID
3138:PMID
3081:PMID
3022:ISSN
2987:PMID
2922:PMID
2904:Cell
2873:PMID
2855:Cell
2832:PMID
2771:PMID
2736:PMID
2679:PMID
2000:and
1897:RGS4
1888:and
1808:GABA
1652:BU72
1646:and
1630:and
1616:cAMP
1562:and
1546:The
1041:4988
714:axon
331:Bgee
279:Band
240:Chr.
178:Band
137:Chr.
71:OMIM
12650:ECG
12645:EGC
11761:EGC
11756:ECG
11435:FIT
11039:EGC
11034:ECG
9939:B/W
9837:VIP
9787:TSH
9732:TRH
9722:FSH
9717:CRH
9495:179
9490:158
9485:156
9481:GPR
9268:GPR
9189:157
9184:155
9179:144
9174:143
9169:133
9164:128
9159:126
9154:125
9149:124
9144:123
9139:116
9134:115
9129:114
9124:113
9119:112
9114:111
9109:110
9085:GPR
8967:EMR
8806:RRH
8801:RGR
8796:1SW
8791:1MW
8786:1LW
8738:183
8733:182
8728:177
8723:176
8718:174
8713:173
8708:171
8703:162
8698:161
8693:160
8688:153
8683:152
8678:151
8673:150
8668:149
8663:148
8658:146
8653:142
8648:141
8643:139
8633:135
8628:132
8623:120
8618:119
8603:103
8598:101
8374:GPR
7910:MAS
7855:FSH
7723:C3a
7609:B/W
7545:PAF
7397:119
7383:GPR
7379:CB2
7374:CB1
7335:),
7312:),
7291:OXE
6908:P2Y
6897:A2B
6892:A2A
6664:doi
6628:doi
6624:159
6590:PMC
6580:doi
6541:doi
6537:137
6504:PMC
6496:doi
6457:doi
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