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505:: "e are done with this life in the mountains—done with wading in beaver dams, and freezing or starving alternately—done with Indian trading and Indian fighting. The fur trade is dead in the Rocky Mountains, and it is no place for us now if ever it was." At the same time the great push west along the newly opened Oregon Trail built up from a trickle of settlers in 1841 to a steady stream in 1844–46 and then became a flood as the highly organized Mormon migration exploited the road to the
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big fur companies originally to serve the mule train based inland fur trade. By the time two new international treaties in early 1846 and early 1848 officially settled new western coastal territories on the United States and spurred a large upsurge in migration, the days of mountain men making a good living by fur trapping had largely ended. The fur industry was failing because of over-trapping. Fortuitously, America's ongoing
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45:
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568:, allows people to recreate aspects of this historical period. Today's Rocky Mountain Rendezvous and other reenacted events are both history-oriented and social occasions. Some modern men choose a lifestyle similar to that of historical mountain men. They may live and roam in the mountains of the West or in the swamps of the southern United States.
788:(1774 or 1775–1810) was a hunter, interpreter, and sign-talker on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, often considered one of Lewis' two most appreciated members (with John Colter). Born to a French Canadian father and a Shawnee mother in Detroit, Drouillard proved to be the most skillful hunter on the expedition, notably during the harsh wintering in
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A fur trapper was a mountain man who, in today's terms, would be called a free agent. He was independent and traded his pelts to whoever would pay him the best price. That contrasts with a "company man", typically indebted to one fur company for the cost of his gear, who traded only with that company
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By the time the fur trade began to collapse in the 1840s, motivating them to change jobs, the trails they had explored and turned into reliable mule trails and improved gradually into wagon-capable freight roads combined to allow them to work as guides and scouts. As the fur trade declined, mountain
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This halted
American expansion into the region. After 1825, few American trappers worked west of the Rocky Mountains, and those who did generally found it unprofitable. According to historian Richard Mackie, this policy of the HBC forced American trappers to remain in the Rocky Mountains, which gave
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In order to stay alive, the men needed keen senses and knowledge of herbal remedies and first aid, among other skills. In summer, they could catch fish, build shelter, and hunt for food and skins. The mountain men dressed in suits made of deer skin that had stiffened after being left outdoors for a
466:
Mountain men were instrumental in opening up the various emigrant trails (widened into wagon roads) allowing
Americans in the east to settle the new territories of the far west by organized wagon trains traveling over roads explored and in many cases, physically improved by the mountain men and the
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By 1841, the
American Fur Company and the Rocky Mountain Fur Company were in ruins. By 1846, only some 50 American trappers still worked in the Snake River country, compared to 500 to 600 in 1826. Soon after the strategic victory by the HBC, the Snake River route was used by emigrants as the Oregon
392:
Expedition was transformed into a trading enterprise. Beginning in 1834, it visited the
American rendezvous to buy furs at low prices. The HBC was able to offer manufactured trade goods at prices far below that with which American fur companies could compete. The last rendezvous was held in 1840,
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where they flourished economically for over three decades. By the time two new international treaties in early 1846 and early 1848 officially settled new western coastal territories in the United States and spurred a large upsurge in migration, the days of mountain men making a good living by fur
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The life of a mountain man was rugged, and many did not last more than several years in the wilderness. They faced many hazards, especially when exploring unmapped areas: biting insects and other wildlife, bad weather, diseases of all kinds, injuries, and the opposition of
Indigenous people,
948:(1798–1845) was a fur trapper, pioneer, and mountain man who, with his brothers after 1823, became an agent of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company (and later one of its owners), exploiting the riches of the Oregon Country, which helped settle the best routes later improved into the Oregon Trail.
427:. This trade attracted numerous French Americans from Louisiana and some French Canadian trappers, in addition to Anglo-Americans. Some New Mexican residents also pursued the beaver trade, as Mexican citizens initially had some legal advantages. Trappers and traders in the
121:
Skinning, marksmanship, self-defense, hunting, fur trapping, trading, canoeing, horsemanship, tracking, exploring, mental and physical toughness, wilderness survival skills, medicine, frontier doctoring, diplomacy, English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Native
American
431:
covered territory that was generally inaccessible to the large fur companies. It included parts of New Mexico, Nevada, California and central and southern Utah. After the decline in beaver and the fur trade, with some emigrants to the West using the
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and was often under the direct command of company representatives. Some company men who paid off their debt could become free traders, using the gear they had earned. They might sell to the same company when the price was agreeable or convenient.
544:
time, which gave them some protection against the weapons of particular enemies. There were no doctors in the regions where mountain men worked, and they had to set their own broken bones, tend their wounds, and nurse themselves back to health.
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by wagon trains with the goal of claiming cheap lands in the west was building rapidly from a trickle of settlers from 1841's opening of the Oregon Trail to a flood of emigrants headed west by 1847–49 and thereafter well into the later 1880s.
257:
Mountain men were most common in the North
American Rocky Mountains from about 1810 through to the 1880s (with a peak population in the 1830s). About 3,000 of them ranged the mountains between 1820 and 1840, the peak beaver-harvesting period.
910:(1799–1831) was a hunter, trapper, and fur trader whose explorations were significant in opening the American West to settlement by Europeans and Americans. Smith is considered the first man of European descent to cross the future state of
714:(1809–1868) achieved notability for his later exploits, but he got his start and gained some early recognition as a trapper. Carson explored the west to California and north through the Rocky Mountains. He lived among and married into the
388:(HBC) instituted several policies to undercut the American fur trade. During the same years, fashion in Europe shifted away from the formerly popular beaver hats; at the same time, the animal had become over-hunted. The HBC's annual
736:(1902–1987), a.k.a. "Man of the Mountain" was a businessman and gold prospector. In 1987, Phoenix Magazine named him one of "Arizona Legends". His gravesite in the Gold Mountain of the
866:, trapping for beaver, buffalo, and wolf hides. Unaffiliated with a company, Johnson bargained independently to sell his hides. Elements of his story were portrayed in the film
455:(NWC) and then the HBC. Both companies undertook numerous measures to prevent American fur traders from competing with them west of the Rocky Mountains, especially in the upper
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1202:
The Life and
Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Mountaineer, Scout, and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians. With Illustrations. Written from His Own Dictation
730:
area, and achieved national fame through
Fremont. Stories of his life as a mountain man turned him into a frontier hero-figure, the prototypical mountain man of his time.
377:. By the mid-1830s, it attracted 450 to 500 men annually: essentially all the American trappers and traders working in the Rockies as well as numerous Native Americans.
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country. After the HBC took over operations in the
Pacific Northwest in 1821, American fur traders in the Snake River country quickly went out business and moved on.
227:
trapping had largely ended. The fur industry was failing because of reduced demand and over trapping. With the rise of the silk trade and quick collapse of the
1249:
266:, most mountain men were employed by major fur companies. The life of a company man was almost militarized. The men had mess groups, hunted and trapped in
350:. He continued to earn revenue by selling that firm their supplies. This system of rendezvous with trappers continued when other firms, particularly the
1529:
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954:(1787–1849) was a frontiersman & furtrapper best known for his expeditions to the American west & as an interpreter for the U.S. government
845:
1033:—Britain and the U.S. settled the ownership of the Pacific Northwest and the northern territories along current western Canada–US border, and
322:, whose company representatives would haul supplies to specific mountain locations in the spring, engage in trading with trappers, and bring
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traveling over roads explored and in many cases, physically improved by the mountain men and the big fur companies, originally to serve the
822:(1783–1833) was a frontiersman & fur trapper best known for his survival from a grizzly bear attack near the Missouri River. The films
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when the HBC, along with a decline in demand for and supply of beaver, had effectively put all American fur traders out of business.
804:'s Missouri Fur Company, where he had signed on in 1807. Often venturing out alone like John Colter, notably to the headwaters of the
616:, arrived in Missouri with his parents and was freed by his father. He started working with the Ashley expedition, signed on with the
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1507:
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from about 1810 through to the 1880s (with a peak population in the early 1840s). They were instrumental in opening up the various
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Trail, which brought a new form of competition. Former trappers earned money as guides or hunters for the emigrant parties.
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were one of the mountain men's greatest enemies. Winters could be brutal, with heavy snowstorms and low temperatures.
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Mountain men arose in a geographic and economic expansion that was driven by the lucrative earnings available in the
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270:, and always reported to the head of the trapping party. This man was called a "boosway", a bastardization of the
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2016:
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The Avenging Fury of the Plains, John "Liver-Eating" Johnston, Exploding the Myths - Discovering the Man
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scouts, wagon train guides or settled throughout the lands which they had helped open up. Others, like
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by 1830, Astor got out of the fur business before its decline. In the late 1830s, the Canadian-based
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884:(1810–1875) was a trapper, law enforcement official, and politician in the Oregon Country and later
1829:
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Mountain Men and the Fur Trade: Sources of the History of the Fur Trade of the Rocky Mountain West
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2011:
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482:, a notable 19th century mountain man who claimed to have hunted down around 800 grizzly bears
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The Ashley-Smith explorations and the discovery of a central route to the Pacific, 1822-1829
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solo exploration of 1807-1808 made him one of the first Mountain men. While there were many
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in the West to have his life story published (1856). He was credited with the discovery of
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discovered by mountain man Jim Bridger in 1847–48. The migration would explode in 1849's "
8:
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411:, Francois, paying $ 600 in trade goods for an Indian woman to be his wife, ca. 1837, by
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726:("the Pathfinder") as a guide and led him through much of California, Oregon, and the
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2608:
2497:
2006:
1903:
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Blood and Thunder: The Epic Story of Kit Carson and the Conquest of the American West
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878:(1815–1888) was a legendary frontiersman best known for his settlement in California
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1986:
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858:(1824–1900) was one of the more notable latter-day mountain men. Johnson worked in
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region. He is also considered one of the first men of European descent, along with
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231:-based fur trade in the 1830s–1840s, many of the mountain men settled into jobs as
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1842:
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A Rendezvous Reader: Tall, Tangled, and True Tales of the Mountain Men, 1805–1850
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Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation
1351:
1206:
889:
816:, Drouillard was killed in May 1810 by Blackfoot Indians in the Three Forks area.
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path creating what became known as the Beckwourth Trail through the mountains to
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A newer world: Kit Carson, John C. Fremont and the claiming of the American west
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there seemed so outrageous to some that the area was mockingly referred to as
436:, former trappers found work as guides and hunters for the traveling parties.
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Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843
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Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843
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1077:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 107–111.
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from north to south and from west to east; and the first American to enter
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This Reckless Breed of Men: The Trappers and Fur Traders of the Southwest
1105:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 64–65.
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834:(2015) are fictionalized versions of Glass and the grizzly bear episode.
750:(1774–1812 or 1813), one of the first mountain men, was a member of the
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1339:"'Mountain Man' Troy James Knapp faces justice after six years on run"
840:(1906–1980), known as the "Last of the Mountain Men", lived along the
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after Ashley's departure. Smith had notable facial scarring from a
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of 1843, where he was elected as a sheriff. Later he served in the
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of the dress and lifestyle of a mountain man, sometimes known as
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214:, in the wake of the various 1806–1807 published accounts of the
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1404:
Fort Union Fur Trade Symposium Proceedings September 13–15, 1990
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Rocky Mountain Rendezvous: A History of The Fur Trade 1825–1840
911:
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513:" in response to the discovery of gold in California in 1848.
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to serve the remnant fur trade and the settlers heading west.
44:
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2211:
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1538:, a Mountain Man story and podcast from Muzzleloader Magazine
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Queen Creek community park to be named after iconic resident.
888:. A pioneer involved in the fur trade before settling in the
849:
704:(1861-1947), American hunter, trapper and explorer who wrote
447:, British-Canadian companies controlled the fur trade in the
934:. He was a successful businessman and a full partner in the
571:
1623:
915:
361:
The annual rendezvous was often held at Horse Creek on the
200:
27:
Men living remotely in the Rocky Mountains of North America
1546:
1406:(Williston, Friends of Fort Union Trading Post, 1994), 79.
620:, and became a well-known mountain man. He lived with the
2198:
1409:
Maguire, James H., Peter Wild, and Donald Barclay (eds.)
338:, in the fall. Ashley sold his business to the outfit of
323:
280:. He was the leader of the brigade and the head trader.
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650:(1804–1881) went west in 1822 at age 17 as a member of
922:
by an overland route. He was also first to scale the
658:
area. He was among the first non-natives to see the
373:. Another popular site in the same general area was
1434:
Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the American West
1337:Associated Press in Salt Lake City (June 9, 2014).
1096:
1094:
872:, and Dennis McLelland wrote a biography about him.
694:. Fort Bridger later figured in the history of the
754:. He later became the first European man to enter
624:for years and became a war chief. He was the only
419:A second fur trading and supply center grew up in
187:(widened into wagon roads) allowing Americans in
2785:
1274:Exploring Carter and Kennedy's San Tan Mountains
1091:
1508:Mountain Men: Pathfinders of the West 1810–1860
2594:
1486:Firearms, Traps, and Tools of the Mountain Man
774:. Colter's narrow escape following capture by
1567:
1481:, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 1947.
1385:Fur Trappers and Traders of the Far Southwest
1205:. New York: Harper Brothers. Archived from
678:. In 1830, Bridger purchased shares in the
1612:
1574:
1560:
846:Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness
43:
1369:. Gibbs M. Smith, Layton, Utah 2005. 13.
1025:
1023:
556:
596:
570:
520:
485:
474:
399:
282:
2829:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1488:. New York: Alfred A. Knope, Inc. 1967.
1035:b) the 1848 treaty formally ending the
586:
176:. Mountain men were most common in the
14:
2786:
1198:
1100:
1072:
1020:
892:, Meek played a prominent role at the
239:, opened fort-trading posts along the
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2115:
2114:
1611:
1555:
1129:, New York: Touchstone. 2001, p. 98.
601:Rocky Mountains Trapper (supposedly)
536:presented constant physical dangers.
191:to settle the new territories of the
52:, one of the most famous mountain men
1581:
1464:
1306:
1189:. New York City: Knopf. 1950, p. 44.
1278:
1267:
24:
1413:. University of Utah Press. 1997.
1330:
1289:
1242:
800:after the expedition, working for
690:and was well known as a teller of
25:
2840:
1492:
1402:Orville C. Loomer, "Fort Henry,"
1101:Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997).
1073:Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997).
898:Provisional Legislature of Oregon
792:. He went on trapping in today's
662:and other natural wonders of the
516:
463:rise to the term "mountain men".
367:Upper Green River Rendezvous Site
2091:(self styled captain, braggart)
1391:, Logan, Utah, (1997 reprint).
1300:
1221:
579:or living historian dressed in
547:
2819:History of the Rocky Mountains
2799:Explorers of the United States
1471:. The Arthur H. Clark Company.
1309:"The Last of The Mountain Men"
1179:
1170:
1161:
1150:, Doubleday. 2006, pp. 33-34.
1140:
1119:
1066:
1055:. Idahohistory.net. 2010-07-07
1042:
738:San Tan Mountain Regional Park
13:
1:
1296:Republic; September 22, 2001.
1014:
900:before being selected as the
32:Mountain Man (disambiguation)
2824:Culture of the United States
1438:University of Nebraska Press
380:After achieving an American
7:
2595:
2462:Elderly martial arts master
2157:Hooker with a heart of gold
1389:Utah State University Press
958:
856:John "Liver-Eating" Johnson
838:Sylvan "Buckskin Bill" Hart
814:Three Forks of the Missouri
603:William "Old Bill" Williams
326:back to communities on the
10:
2845:
2647:
1542:Museum of the Mountain Man
1199:Bonner, Thomas D. (1856).
936:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
926:and explore the area from
752:Lewis and Clark Expedition
744:, is a tourist attraction.
680:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
618:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
612:(1798–1866) was born into
590:
320:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
250:
246:
216:Lewis and Clark Expedition
168:and makes his living from
29:
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2642:
2607:
2580:
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2424:
2415:
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2291:
2263:
2235:
2197:
2134:
2125:
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2110:
2037:
1977:
1949:
1920:
1902:
1893:
1868:
1828:
1789:
1761:
1752:
1720:
1692:
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1622:
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1607:
1589:
904:for the Oregon Territory.
766:. His description of the
756:Yellowstone National Park
314:was later implemented by
126:
117:
112:
75:
62:
57:
42:
1530:Mountain men of the Gila
1510:, University of Virginia
914:; the first to traverse
722:tribes. He was hired by
212:North American fur trade
1547:Museum of the Fur Trade
1465:Dale, Clifford (1918).
1185:Cleland, Robert Glass.
1031:Oregon boundary dispute
758:and to see what is now
706:Buzzacott's Masterpiece
636:in 1850 and improved a
2189:Manic Pixie Dream Girl
1613:By ethics and morality
1454:. Anchor Books, 2006.
1176:Cleland (1950), p. 21.
1167:Cleland (1950), p. 43.
642:Marysville, California
605:
583:
562:Historical reenactment
557:Historical reenactment
532:
493:
483:
439:After the short-lived
416:
292:
2809:Male stock characters
1532:, Southern New Mexico
985:Scottish Indian trade
970:James "Grizzly" Adams
902:United States Marshal
825:Man in the Wilderness
600:
574:
524:
489:
478:
403:
358:, entered the field.
286:
251:Further information:
229:North American beaver
102:Appalachian Mountains
1478:Across Wide Missouri
1250:"Historical Stories"
1037:Mexican–American War
930:to the banks of the
764:Teton Mountain Range
742:Queen Creek, Arizona
654:exploring the Upper
593:List of mountain men
587:Notable mountain men
386:Hudson's Bay Company
352:American Fur Company
316:William Henry Ashley
310:Valley in 1819. The
253:Fur trade in Montana
30:For other uses, see
2403:Princess and dragon
2301:Princesse lointaine
1801:(servants, clowns:
1771:Gentleman detective
1423:McLelland, Dennis.
768:geothermal activity
530:Alfred Jacob Miller
441:Pacific Fur Company
413:Alfred Jacob Miller
405:The Trapper's Bride
369:, near present-day
298:, representing the
218:findings about the
39:
2688:Identity formation
2478:American mappillai
2390:Damsel in distress
2172:Magical girlfriend
2077:(wealthy old men,
1536:"Neighbor Ephraim"
1525:The Overland Trail
1519:2007-08-19 at the
1313:Sports Illustrated
1307:Peterson, Harold.
1050:"Idahohistory.net"
852:from 1932 to 1980.
606:
584:
533:
494:
484:
453:North West Company
451:, first under the
417:
300:North West Company
293:
37:
2814:American folklore
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2658:Adolescent clique
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2411:
2410:
2147:Farmer's daughter
2116:By sex and gender
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
1889:
1888:
1748:
1747:
1669:Mythological king
1484:Russell, Carl P.
1475:DeVoto, Bernard,
1419:978-0-87480-539-0
1148:Blood and Thunder
980:James Ohio Pattie
952:Old Bill Williams
894:Champoeg Meetings
786:George Drouillard
702:Francis Buzzacott
682:. He established
469:western migration
449:Pacific Northwest
423:in what is today
371:Pinedale, Wyoming
365:, now called the
312:rendezvous system
164:who lives in the
154:
153:
16:(Redirected from
2836:
2804:American hunters
2704:Little green men
2693:Imaginary friend
2644:
2643:
2600:
2422:
2421:
2362:Mammy stereotype
2316:Yamato nadeshiko
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2111:
1987:Bug-eyed monster
1951:Social Darwinist
1900:
1899:
1876:Good cop/bad cop
1759:
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1620:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1583:Stock characters
1576:
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1349:Coleman, Jon T.
1346:
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1261:
1252:. Archived from
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1146:Sides, Hampton,
1144:
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1125:Roberts, David.
1123:
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1098:
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1088:
1070:
1064:
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991:Coureur des bois
975:Overmountain Men
946:William Sublette
886:Oregon Territory
869:Jeremiah Johnson
686:in southwestern
652:Ashley's Hundred
626:African American
511:The Forty-Niners
356:John Jacob Astor
296:Donald Mackenzie
237:William Sublette
205:inland fur trade
137:Coureur des bois
77:Activity sectors
47:
40:
36:
21:
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2528:Prince Charming
2522:
2518:Superfluous man
2513:Nice Jewish boy
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2349:Lady-in-waiting
2343:
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2259:
2231:
2217:Fairy godmother
2193:
2117:
2094:
2033:
1973:
1945:
1916:
1885:
1864:
1843:Gentleman thief
1824:
1817: and
1785:
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1716:
1688:
1614:
1603:
1585:
1580:
1521:Wayback Machine
1495:
1450:Hampton Sides.
1436:. Bison Books,
1431:Morgan, Dale L.
1381:Hafen, LeRoy R.
1333:
1331:Further reading
1328:
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1209:on 29 June 2014
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961:
890:Tualatin Valley
812:and around the
808:River from the
724:John C. Frémont
672:Great Salt Lake
668:Étienne Provost
638:Native American
630:Beckwourth Pass
595:
589:
559:
550:
519:
507:Great Salt Lake
287:Fur trading at
255:
249:
185:emigrant trails
181:Rocky Mountains
129:
106:Ozark Mountains
82:Rocky Mountains
78:
65:
64:Occupation type
53:
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12:
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2754:Tragic mulatto
2751:
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2729:Shoulder angel
2726:
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2700:("The Lovers")
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2152:Girl next door
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2065:Masked villain
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1493:External links
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932:Columbia River
908:Jedediah Smith
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656:Missouri River
645:
610:Jim Beckwourth
591:Main article:
588:
585:
558:
555:
549:
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518:
517:Mode of living
515:
491:Mariano Medina
289:Fort Nez Percé
248:
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224:Oregon Country
178:North American
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2709:Magical Negro
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2541:Knight-errant
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2135:Love interest
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2012:Swamp monster
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1357:Hill and Wang
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1256:on 2017-12-22
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19:
2794:Mountain men
2769:White savior
2739:Straight man
2673:Dragonslayer
2622:Black knight
2590:Seme and uke
2572:Mountain man
2571:
2562:Noble savage
2457:Wise old man
2278:Magical girl
2250:Femme fatale
2227:Loathly lady
2182:Monster girl
2027:Nazi zombies
2002:Monster girl
1969:Supervillain
1931:Double agent
1904:Antivillains
1858:Space pirate
1791:Tricky slave
1738:Space marine
1702:Byronic hero
1684:Youngest son
1632:Classic hero
1524:
1514:Mountain Men
1503:Mountain Men
1502:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1451:
1433:
1424:
1410:
1403:
1384:
1366:
1363:Gowans, Fred
1350:
1343:The Guardian
1342:
1317:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1201:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1147:
1142:
1126:
1121:
1102:
1074:
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1044:
1003:Bandeirantes
1001:
989:
965:Fort Laramie
940:grizzly bear
867:
842:Salmon River
831:The Revenant
829:
828:(1971) and
823:
790:Fort Clatsop
780:Colter's Run
760:Jackson Hole
696:Donner Party
684:Fort Bridger
566:buckskinning
560:
551:
548:Fur trappers
542:
534:
526:The Greeting
525:
495:
465:
461:
438:
434:Mormon Trail
418:
404:
395:
379:
360:
294:
275:
256:
241:Oregon Trail
209:
197:wagon trains
158:mountain man
157:
155:
149:Fur trappers
128:Related jobs
118:Competencies
94:Great Plains
69:Frontiersman
38:Mountain men
18:Mountain men
2714:Mole people
2557:Feral child
2439:Scaramouche
2311:Valley girl
2273:Jungle girl
2245:Dragon Lady
2222:La Ruffiana
2167:Loosu ponnu
2089:Il Capitano
1712:Tragic hero
1664:Legacy hero
1639:Action hero
1319:20 February
1315:. Time, Inc
924:High Sierra
882:Joseph Meek
876:Seth Kinman
810:Yellowstone
802:Manuel Lisa
748:John Colter
728:Great Basin
664:Yellowstone
648:Jim Bridger
503:Jim Bridger
480:Seth Kinman
457:Snake River
390:Snake River
363:Green River
332:Mississippi
308:Boise River
113:Description
98:Great Lakes
71:(1800–1890)
50:Jim Bridger
2788:Categories
2749:Town drunk
2698:Innamorati
2398:Final girl
2380:Gamer girl
2083:Il Dottore
2055:Folk devil
1997:Killer toy
1992:Evil clown
1912:False hero
1853:Air pirate
1815:Pulcinella
1383:, editor.
1260:2017-12-19
1235:2012-10-01
1059:2012-10-01
1015:References
920:California
820:Hugh Glass
712:Kit Carson
692:tall tales
445:liquidated
425:New Mexico
304:rendezvous
201:mule train
166:wilderness
133:Longhunter
58:Occupation
2759:Truck-kun
2663:Barbarian
2597:Otokonoko
2550:Primitive
2426:Harlequin
2417:Masculine
2372:Geek girl
2357:Columbina
2293:Queen bee
2079:Pantalone
2050:Archenemy
1959:Dark lord
1941:Terrorist
1936:Evil twin
1807:Brighella
1803:Harlequin
1781:Trickster
1728:Cyberhero
1707:Man alone
1679:Superhero
1654:Folk hero
1599:Archetype
1231:. PBS.org
1229:"PBS.org"
997:Voyageurs
928:San Diego
776:Blackfeet
581:buckskins
577:reenactor
429:Southwest
354:owned by
336:St. Louis
302:, held a
277:bourgeois
122:languages
2744:Tokenism
2734:Sidekick
2724:Redshirt
2719:Pop icon
2536:BishĹŤnen
2508:Nice guy
2255:Tsundere
2207:Cat lady
2127:Feminine
2017:Vampires
2007:Skeleton
1979:Monsters
1895:Villains
1694:Antihero
1649:Everyman
1517:Archived
1440:, 1964.
1387:. 1965,
1213:2 August
959:See also
806:Big Horn
762:and the
720:Cheyenne
407:shows a
382:monopoly
348:Sublette
328:Missouri
268:brigades
222:and the
193:far west
189:the east
174:trapping
162:explorer
145:Woodsman
141:Surveyor
108:, rivers
2617:Pachuco
2609:Bad boy
2567:Caveman
2434:Pierrot
2339:Laotong
2334:Class S
2177:Catgirl
2162:Ingénue
2142:BishĹŤjo
2075:Vecchio
2022:Zombies
1838:Bad boy
1819:Pierrot
1813:,
1811:Scapino
1809:,
1805:,
1674:Paladin
1359:(2012).
1029:see a)
942:attack.
864:Montana
860:Wyoming
844:in the
798:Montana
794:Wyoming
716:Arapaho
688:Wyoming
660:geysers
632:in the
614:slavery
409:trapper
344:Jackson
318:of the
306:in the
291:in 1841
247:History
220:Rockies
203:-based
170:hunting
2648:Others
2283:Virago
2045:Alazon
1848:Pirate
1830:Outlaw
1754:Rogues
1624:Heroes
1458:
1444:
1417:
1395:
1373:
1154:
1133:
1109:
1081:
912:Nevada
346:, and
272:French
160:is an
2678:Donor
2668:Clown
2483:Himbo
2471:Young
2212:Crone
2070:Miser
2038:Other
1869:Other
1799:Zanni
1721:Other
1053:(PDF)
850:Idaho
528:, by
501:told
340:Smith
324:pelts
274:term
2683:Fool
2582:LGBT
2498:Jock
2493:Jack
2326:LGBT
2081:and
2060:Igor
1923:mole
1921:The
1881:Rake
1776:Jack
1594:List
1456:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1321:2016
1215:2014
1152:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1079:ISBN
916:Utah
862:and
796:and
718:and
622:Crow
497:man
443:was
421:Taos
330:and
233:Army
172:and
2199:Hag
848:in
740:in
2790::
1523:,
1501:,
1365:.
1355:,
1341:.
1311:.
1093:^
1022:^
782:".
342:,
207:.
156:A
147:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
88:,
84:,
2085:)
1821:)
1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
1427:,
1399:.
1377:.
1345:.
1323:.
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1238:.
1217:.
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1137:.
1115:.
1087:.
1062:.
1039:.
708:.
698:.
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415:.
34:.
20:)
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