2674:, are a list that gives credit to the people involved in the production of a film. Films from before the 1970s usually start a film with credits, often ending with only a title card, saying "The End" or some equivalent, often an equivalent that depends on the language of the production. From then onward, a film's credits usually appear at the end of most films. However, films with credits that end a film often repeat some credits at or near the start of a film and therefore appear twice, such as that film's acting leads, while less frequently some appearing near or at the beginning only appear there, not at the end, which often happens to the director's credit. The credits appearing at or near the beginning of a film are usually called
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positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires, as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. Journalist film critics are sometimes called film reviewers. Critics who take a more academic approach to films, through publishing in film journals and writing books about films using
2120:
2589:. A cinema usually shows a mass-marketed movie using a front-projection screen process with either a film projector or, more recently, with a digital projector. But, cinemas may also show theatrical movies from their home video transfers that include Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and videocassette when they possess sufficient projection quality or based upon need, such as movies that exist only in their transferred state, which may be due to the loss or deterioration of the film master and prints from which the movie originally existed. Due to the advent of
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1747:" includes this narrative theory, due to the overwhelming practice of the rule by movie studios based in Hollywood, California, during film's classical era. Another example of cinematic language is having a shot that zooms in on the forehead of an actor with an expression of silent reflection that cuts to a shot of a younger actor who vaguely resembles the first actor, indicating that the first person is remembering a past self, an edit of compositions that causes a time transition.
1533:
the US since the mid-1950s, but at first, they were very expensive and few broadcasts were in color. During the 1960s, prices gradually came down, color broadcasts became common, and sales boomed. The overwhelming public verdict in favor of color was clear. After the final flurry of black-and-white films had been released in mid-decade, all
Hollywood studio productions were filmed in color, with the usual exceptions made only at the insistence of "star" filmmakers such as
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In a simple example, if a person is shown looking out a window, whatever the next shot shows, it will be regarded as the view the person was seeing.) Each scene was a single stationary shot with the action occurring before it. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots photographed from different distances and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were developed as effective ways to tell a story with film. Until
1121:, an early device that displayed short motion picture loops with 24 glass plate photographs on a 1.5 meter wide rotating wheel that was hand-cranked to a speed of circa 30 frames per second. Different versions were shown at many international exhibitions, fairs, conventions, and arcades from 1887 until at least 1894. Starting in 1891, some 152 examples of a coin-operated peep-box Electrotachyscope model were manufactured by
2140:
1022:, and to use photographs of plaster sculptures in different positions to be animated in the combined device. In 1852, Jules Duboscq patented such an instrument as the "Stéréoscope-fantascope, ou Bïoscope", but he only marketed it very briefly, without success. One Bïoscope disc with stereoscopic photographs of a machine is in the Plateau collection of Ghent University, but no instruments or other discs have yet been found.
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1739:, true to the nature of film, as it captures life as a reflection, life as a dream." An example of the language is a sequence of back and forth images of one speaking actor's left profile, followed by another speaking actor's right profile, then a repetition of this, which is a language understood by the audience to indicate a conversation. This describes another theory of film, the
1292:. Typical films showed employees leaving a factory gate, people walking in the street, and the view from the front of a trolley as it traveled a city's Main Street. According to legend, when a film showed a locomotive at high speed approaching the audience, the audience panicked and ran from the theater. Around the turn of the 20th century, films started stringing several
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trailers are also common on DVDs and Blu-ray Discs, as well as on the
Internet and mobile devices. Trailers are created to be engaging and interesting for viewers. As a result, in the Internet era, viewers often seek out trailers to watch them. Of the ten billion videos watched online annually in 2008, film trailers ranked third, after news and user-created videos. A
1591:) and the rise of film-school-educated independent filmmakers contributed to the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force for change throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. Digital 3D projection largely replaced earlier problem-prone 3D film systems and has become popular in the early 2010s.
3477:
2240:(also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Revenue in the industry is sometimes volatile due to the reliance on
3254:. Creative, business and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also lead to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by
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were built with a lot of screens, all different trailers were shown even if they were not going to play that film in that theater. Film studios realized that the more trailers that were shown (even if it was not going to be shown in that particular theater) the more patrons would go to a different theater to see the film when it came out. The term
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2947:), or thousands of actors, extras, and crew members for a live-action, feature-length epic. The necessary steps for almost any film can be boiled down to conception, planning, execution, revision, and distribution. The more involved the production, the more significant each of the steps becomes. In a typical
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technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot a film with a digital video camera and edit the film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a high-end home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized,
2779:
refers to a showing of a film to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections based on the
2027:
approaches, study how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their reviews published in newspapers or appearing on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals or up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or
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A significant technological advancement in film was the introduction of "natural color," where color was captured directly from nature through photography, as opposed to being manually added to black-and-white prints using techniques like hand-coloring or stencil-coloring. Early color processes often
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in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987). A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in
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presentations and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most films on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some
1994:
tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film and the assessment of the director's and screenwriters' work that makes up the majority of most film reviews can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film.
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together to tell a story. (The filmmakers who first put several shots or scenes discovered that, when one shot follows another, that act establishes a relationship between the content in the separate shots in the minds of the viewer. It is this relationship that makes all film storytelling possible.
1764:
is a film editing technique in which separate pieces of film are selected, edited, and assembled to create a new section or sequence within a film. This technique can be used to convey a narrative or to create an emotional or intellectual effect by juxtaposing different shots, often for the purpose
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generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well-defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography
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is usually interpreted as the people involved in a film's physical construction outside cast participation, and it could include directors, film editors, photographers, grips, gaffers, set decorators, prop masters, and costume designers. A person can both be part of a film's cast and crew, such as
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quickly set about touring the
Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment
2018:
from attaining market success. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily promoted films which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent films indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Other observers note that
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were introduced, and more films were made in color, which soon became the rule rather than the exception. Some important mainstream
Hollywood films were still being made in black-and-white as late as the mid-1960s, but they marked the end of an era. Color television receivers had been available in
1510:
The crucial innovation was the three-strip version of the
Technicolor process, first used in animated cartoons in 1932. The process was later applied to live-action short films, specific sequences in feature films, and finally, for an entire feature film, Becky Sharp, in 1935. Although the process
2865:, facilitating intercultural dialogue. It is considered to be an important art form that provides entertainment and historical value, often visually documenting a period of time. The visual basis of the medium gives it a universal power of communication, often stretched further through the use of
2819:
are advertisements for films that will be shown in 1 to 3 months at a cinema. Back in the early days of cinema, with theaters that had only one or two screens, only certain trailers were shown for the films that were going to be shown there. Later, when theaters added more screens or new theaters
3168:
to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures, many parts of the soundtrack are
2824:
comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film program. That practice did not last long because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the "A film" in a double feature program) begins. Film
1129:. On 25 November 1894, AnschĂĽtz introduced a Electrotachyscope projector with a 6x8 meter screening in Berlin. Between 22 February and 30 March 1895, a total of circa 7,000 paying customers came to view a 1.5-hour show of some 40 scenes at a 300-seat hall in the old Reichstag building in Berlin.
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of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher concern for nitrate and
3155:
system in 1927. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras – allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design – allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more
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which could project longer sequences with separate backgrounds, patented in 1888. He created several movies for the machine by painting images on hundreds of gelatin plates that were mounted into cardboard frames and attached to a cloth band. From 28 October 1892 to March 1900 Reynaud gave over
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that the recording of moving subjects seemed impossible. At least as early as 1844, photographic series of subjects posed in different positions were created to either suggest a motion sequence or document a range of different viewing angles. The advent of stereoscopic photography, with early
852:
Common terms for the field, in general, include "the big screen", "the movies", "the silver screen", and "cinema"; the last of these is commonly used, as an overarching term, in scholarly texts and critical essays. In the early years, the word "sheet" was sometimes used instead of "screen".
3377:, but some of the most notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures.
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1139:
1137:
1419:
were initially distinguished from the usual silent "moving pictures" or "movies" by calling them "talking pictures" or "talkies." The revolution they wrought was swift. By 1930, silent film was practically extinct in the US and already being referred to as "the old medium."
724:
that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally accompanied by sound and (less commonly) other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema" is a shortening of the word
1491:, a revolutionary surround sound system, followed and allowed cinema designers to take acoustics into consideration when designing theaters. This innovation enabled audiences in smaller venues to enjoy comparable audio experiences to those in larger city theaters.
2576:
usually refers to a place where live, non-recorded action or combination thereof occurs from a podium or other type of stage, including the amphitheatre. Theatres can still screen movies in them, though the theatre would be retrofitted to do so. One might propose
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in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; in the 2000s, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based
1332:
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frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown). When synchronized
2747:
is a person who likes or often attends films and movies, and any of these, though more often the latter, could also see oneself as a student to films and movies or the filmic process. Intense interest in films, film theory, and film criticism, is known as
1825:
In contemporary cinema, montage continues to play an essential role in shaping narratives and creating emotional resonance. Filmmakers have adapted the traditional montage technique to suit the evolving aesthetics and storytelling styles of modern cinema.
1498:, remastered audio, and personal viewing experiences shaping its development. However, it is clear that the evolution of sound in cinema has been marked by continuous innovation and a desire to create more immersive and engaging experiences for audiences.
1977:
mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate their opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on the audience response and attendance at films, especially those of certain
807:
is the result of the fact that the visual sense cannot discern the individual images at high speeds, so the impressions of the images blend with the dark intervals and are thus linked together to produce the illusion of one moving image. An analogous
2651:. Existing outside a specific story timeline usually does not exclude a film from being part of a series. A film that portrays events occurring earlier in a timeline with those in another film, but is released after that film, is sometimes called a
2829:
is a much shorter preview or advertisement that lasts only 10 to 30 seconds. Teasers are used to get patrons excited about a film coming out in the next six to twelve months. Teasers may be produced even before the film production is completed.
3143:
was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second were chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. The standard was set with
2437:. After the advent of theatrical film as an industry, the television industry began using videotape as a recording medium. For many decades, tape was solely an analog medium onto which moving images could be either recorded or transferred.
3105:
coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the
1475:
As the television threat emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, the film industry needed to innovate to attract audiences. In terms of sound technology, this meant the development of surround sound and more sophisticated audio systems, such as
3513:
has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
3194:
single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black-and-white films on safety bases and color films preserved on
Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
2445:
refer to the photochemical medium that chemically records a visual image and the act of recording respectively. However, the act of shooting images with other visual media, such as with a digital camera, is still called
1949:
If a movie can illuminate the lives of other people who share this planet with us and show us not only how different they are but, how even so, they share the same dreams and hurts, then it deserves to be called great.
1868:
Sports and training montages: The sports and training montage has become a staple in modern cinema, often used to condense time and show a character's growth or development. Examples of this can be found in films like
1511:
was expensive, the positive public response, as evidenced by increased box office revenue, generally justified the additional cost. Consequently, the number of films made in color gradually increased year after year.
3484:
Animation is a technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see
1519:
In the early 1950s, the proliferation of black-and-white television started seriously depressing North
American theater attendance. In an attempt to lure audiences back into theaters, bigger screens were installed,
1041:
came about and provided hope that motion photography would soon be possible, but it took a few decades before it was successfully combined with a method to record series of sequential images in real-time. In 1878,
1964:
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in
2163:
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the
3540:. Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Camera-less animation, made famous by film-makers like
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As the art of montage evolved, filmmakers began incorporating musical and visual counterpoint to create a more dynamic and engaging experience for the viewer. The development of scene construction through
2248:. The rise of alternative home entertainment has raised questions about the future of the cinema industry, and Hollywood employment has become less reliable, particularly for medium and low-budget films.
1136:
1821:
using montage to create distinctive and innovative films. This approach continues to be influential in contemporary cinema, with directors employing montage to create memorable sequences in their films.
842:
Many other terms exist for an individual motion-picture, including "picture", "picture show", "moving picture", "photoplay", and "flick". The most common term in the United States is "movie", while in
1330:
1014:
experiments in the 1840s and commercial success since the early 1850s, raised interest in completing the photographic medium with the addition of means to capture colour and motion. In 1849,
2173:
of 1898 was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated
1830:
Rapid editing and fast-paced montages: With the advent of digital editing tools, filmmakers can now create rapid and intricate montages to convey information or emotions quickly. Films like
2895:
Film is used for a range of goals, including education and propaganda due its ability to effectively intercultural dialogue. When the purpose is primarily educational, a film is called an "
1933:
As the medium of film continues to evolve, montage remains an integral aspect of visual storytelling, with filmmakers finding new and innovative ways to employ this powerful technique.
2877:
the dialog into other languages. Just seeing a location in a film is linked to higher tourism to that location, demonstrating how powerful the suggestive nature of the medium can be.
3266:
alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. But the advent of consumer
2481:
either broadly encompasses both films and movies, or it is roughly synonymous with film and theatrical exhibition, and both are capitalized when referring to a category of art. The
2286:
in authoritarian governments, or psychological on subliminal effects (e.g., of a flashing soda can during a screening). These fields may further create derivative fields, such as a
1663:
reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality, not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to
2713:
who plays a central character in a film. Occasionally the word can also be used to refer to the fame of other members of the crew, such as a director or other personality, such as
5479:
1487:
introduced the Dolby A noise reduction system, which became a standard in the recording industry and eliminated the hissing sound associated with earlier standardization efforts.
1321:
to play music that fit the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music to be used for this purpose, and complete
3052:, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as
1507:
produced colors that appeared far from "natural". Unlike the rapid transition from silent films to sound films, color's replacement of black-and-white happened more gradually.
4839:
4381:
3189:
process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation.
3497:. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the
2215:
cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world. Though the expense involved in making films has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of
1743:, as a visual story-telling device with an ability to place a viewer in a context of being psychologically present through the use of visual composition and editing. The "
3028:
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture.
4567:
1853:
Music video influence: The influence of music videos on film has led to the incorporation of stylized montage sequences, often accompanied by popular music. Films like
936:
shows that magic lanterns were popular from 1790 throughout the first half of the 19th century and could feature mechanical slides, rear projection, mobile projectors,
2937:
merely requires a series of images on a strip of paper. Film production can, therefore, take as little as one person with a camera (or even without a camera, as in
1155:
already mentioned the possibility of projecting the images of the
Praxinoscope in his 1877 patent application. He presented a praxinoscope projection device at the
1125:
in Berlin and sold internationally. Nearly 34,000 people paid to see it at the Berlin
Exhibition Park in the summer of 1892. Others saw it in London or at the 1893
4632:
3691:
4731:
2003:, the influence of reviews is important. Poor reviews from leading critics at major papers and magazines will often reduce audience interest and attendance.
1109:
speeds as short as 1/1000 of a second in 1882. The quality of his pictures was generally regarded as much higher than that of the chronophotography works of
4805:
3333:
or derivative works rather than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside
Hollywood and other major
1480:
seven-channel system. However, these advances required a large number of personnel to operate the equipment and maintain the sound experience in theaters.
1309:
had gained a hold on the public imagination. Rather than leave audiences with only the noise of the projector as an accompaniment, theater owners hired a
3221:(NLE) without waiting for the film stock to be processed. The migration was gradual, and as of 2005, most major motion pictures were still shot on film.
2185:
had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars. From 1931 to 1956, film was also the only image storage and playback system for
1046:
eventually managed to take a series of photographs of a running horse with a battery of cameras in a line along the track and published the results as
3403:, who would determine the marketing strategy of the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing, and may set the
4785:
4593:
4404:
2517:, is of a conventional full length, usually 60 minutes or more, and can commercially stand by itself without other films in a ticketed screening. A
4081:
3998:
849:"Flick" is, in general a slang term, first recorded in 1926. It originates in the verb flicker, owing to the flickering appearance of early films.
3520:
is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by
4898:
3325:
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a
2464:
need not be utterly silent, but are films and movies without an audible dialogue, including those that have a musical accompaniment. The word
3505:
has greatly sped up the process. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for
4338:
7888:
5458: – Information on films: actors, directors, biographies, reviews, cast and production credits, box office sales, and other movie data.
1247:
with ten of their own productions. Private screenings had preceded these by several months, with Latham's slightly predating the otherss'.
671:
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3299:
financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on
2290:
section in a newspaper or a television guide. Sub-industries can spin off from film, such as popcorn makers, and film-related toys (e.g.,
1018:
published about the idea to combine his invention of the phénakisticope with the stereoscope, as suggested to him by stereoscope inventor
4752:
4460:
2643:
is an early example. When there are more films than one with the same characters, story arcs, or subject themes, these movies become a
3110:
for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as
2933:
At its core, the means to produce a film depend on the content the filmmaker wishes to show, and the apparatus for displaying it: the
1205:, which could photograph a rapid sequence of images using only one lens, allowed action to be captured and stored on a single compact
6636:
776:
Before the introduction of digital production, a series of still images were recorded on a strip of chemically sensitized celluloid (
4829:
3443:
etc.). Other ways of distributing a film include rental or personal purchase of the film in a variety of media and formats, such as
3176:. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into
1156:
988:
Experiments with early phénakisticope-based animation projectors were made at least as early as 1843 and publicly screened in 1847.
7424:
4924:
4365:
3812:"Ottomar AnschĂĽtz, Kinogeschichte, lebender Bilder, Kino, erste-KinovorfĂĽhrung, KinovorfĂĽhrung, Projektion, Kinoe, Bewegungsbilder"
2919:. The same film may be considered educational by some, and propaganda by others as the categorization of a film can be subjective.
1068:
studies. Muybridge had the contours of dozens of his chronophotographic series traced onto glass discs and projected them with his
1466:
and Tri-Ergon systems. This new technology allowed for greater fluidity in film, giving rise to more complex and epic movies like
835:
The name "film" originally referred to the thin layer of photochemical emulsion on the celluloid strip that used to be the actual
5373:
2523:
is a film that is not as long as a feature-length film, often screened with other shorts, or preceding a feature-length film. An
6823:
4559:
4421:
Christopherson, Susan (2013-03-01). "Hollywood in decline? US film and television producers beyond the era of fiscal crisis".
2329:(plural) is used somewhat frequently to refer to the place where movies are exhibited; in American English this may be called
5531:
5405:
5052:
4676:
4375:
3844:
1636:
4633:"Actress Mona Zaki and key national authorities mark "The Egyptian Girl Celebration" with UNICEF during Gouna Film Festival"
2274:
and analysis. Fields of academic study have been created that are derivative or dependent on the existence of film, such as
1909:(2017) employ complex cross-cutting techniques to build narrative momentum and heighten the audience's emotional engagement.
8502:
8116:
6284:
6073:
1699:, try to clarify misconceptions used in theoretical studies and produce analysis of a film's vocabulary and its link to a
4682:
2014:
in the 2000s is so intense, well-coordinated and well financed that reviewers cannot prevent a poorly written or filmed
7871:
6641:
2659:
5382:
5361:
5313:
5289:
5224:
5201:
5178:
5157:
5134:
5113:
5094:
5075:
5028:
4984:
4961:
4248:
3701:
3311:
has further changed the filmmaking landscape, enabling indie filmmakers to make their films available to the public.
3213:
are gaining ground as well. These approaches are preferred by some film-makers, especially because footage shot with
147:
1447:, faced initial resistance due to expensive equipping costs, but sound in cinema gained acceptance with movies like
8641:
5265:
5001:
3600:
1404:
1387:, in many ways inspired by the meteoric wartime progress of film through Griffith, along with the contributions of
813:
664:
585:
128:
3731:
2409:
are frequently used terms for film and movie productions specifically intended for theatrical exhibition, such as
6988:
6068:
5421:
4163:
Martino, Stierli (2015). "Montage and the Metropolis: Architecture, Modernity, and the Representation of Space".
3605:
3251:
2899:". Examples are recordings of academic lectures and experiments, or a film based on a classic novel. Film may be
1126:
100:
46:
42:
17:
3927:
2572:
usually refers to an arena designed specifically to exhibit films, where the screen is affixed to a wall, while
7851:
6197:
6008:
2333:, but that term is becoming outdated. In other countries, the place where movies are exhibited may be called a
2222:
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large
1890:
Cross-cutting and parallel action: Contemporary filmmakers often use montage to create tension and suspense by
1865:(2017) use montage to create visually striking sequences that are both entertaining and narratively functional.
1855:
1477:
85:
1639:, the oldest film school in the world, was founded in 1919, in order to teach about and research film theory.
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5626:
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4523:
3595:
3521:
2728:
2219:, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
1895:
910:
3860:
3250:. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a
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phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects.
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and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major
107:
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7197:
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to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video websites such as
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has a post-credits scene in which Ferris tells the audience that the film is over and they should go home.
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310:
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Derivative academic fields of study may both interact with and develop independently of filmmaking, as in
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3185:: three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the
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2395:
2015:
1850:(2004) employ fast-paced editing techniques to create immersive and intense experiences for the audience.
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in the 1960s saw changes in the production and style of film. Various New Wave movements (including the
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1744:
1680:
862:
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50:
2798:, at the end of the film, the company wrote and re-shot a new ending in which the character survives.
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The first public screenings of films at which admission was charged were made in 1895 by the American
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As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for
2784:. One example of a film that was changed after a negative response from the test screening is 1982's
2170:
1769:, parallel action, or the interplay of various visual elements to enhance the storytelling or create
1700:
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and others, quickly caught up with American film-making and continued to further advance the medium.
1212:
Movies were initially shown publicly to one person at a time through "peep show" devices such as the
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1038:
447:
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are video formats that can reproduce a photochemical film. A reproduction based on such is called a
178:(1902) is considered to be a turning point in the development of narrative and science fiction films
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8109:
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prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked
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1917:
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ensuring that each frame remains still during its short projection time. A rotating shutter causes
277:
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rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been
2907:
in Nazi Germany, US war film trailers during World War II, or artistic films made under Stalin by
1813:
movement of the late 1950s and 1960s also embraced the montage technique, with filmmakers such as
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7142:
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6398:
5601:
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led to more sophisticated techniques that can be compared to those utilized in opera and ballet.
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396:
96:
74:
5506: – Information on current and historical films and cast listings (archived 22 January 1997)
5445:
5339:
4994:
Basten, Fred E. (writer); Peter Jones (director and writer); Angela Lansbury (narrator) (1998).
4607:
1439:., laid the groundwork for synchronized sound in film. The Vitaphone system, produced alongside
944:, live actors, smoke (sometimes to project images upon), odors, sounds and even electric shocks.
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8524:
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Burton, Gideon O., and Randy Astle, jt. eds. (2007). "Mormons and Film", entire special issue,
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3635:
3615:
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3263:
2186:
2132:
2075:
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1440:
1264:
1010:
535:
38:
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4456:
3073:(known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
2616:
refer to tickets sold at a theater, or more currently, rights sold for individual showings. A
2401:
Further terminology is used to distinguish various forms and media used in the film industry.
1423:
The evolution of sound in cinema began with the idea of combining moving images with existing
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1182:
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1006:
919:, a natural phenomenon that has possibly been used as an artistic aid since prehistoric times
846:, "film" is preferred. Archaic terms include "animated pictures" and "animated photography".
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81:
31:
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4182:
Ball, E (2018). "Sergei Eisenstein's Montage: Film Editing and the Theory of Attractions".
3811:
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refers to the projection screen used to exhibit films and, by extension, is also used as a
2148:
1921:
1761:
1756:
1688:
1448:
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1164:
969:
animation principle was introduced in 1833 with the stroboscopic disc (better known as the
876:
573:
3395:
Film distribution is the process through which a film is made available for viewing by an
1818:
8:
8284:
8188:
8102:
7576:
7449:
7434:
7299:
7202:
7137:
6833:
6794:
6666:
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6478:
6237:
6043:
6018:
5983:
5936:
5345:
4657:"How people greet each other in TV series and dubbing: Veronica Bonsignori, Silvia Bruti"
3610:
3501:). Generating such a film is very labor-intensive and tedious, though the development of
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1913:
1905:
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6371:
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5124:
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3552:, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
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3182:
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The concept of montage emerged in the 1920s, with pioneering Soviet filmmakers such as
1652:
1529:
1484:
1370:
1043:
1019:
870:
820:) runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it, and was not projected.
766:
615:
324:
204:
174:
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4703:
2297:). Sub-industries of pre-existing industries may deal specifically with film, such as
1790:(1925) is a prime example of the innovative use of montage, where he employed complex
1664:
1623:" seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as
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and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a
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Today, the future of sound in film remains uncertain, with potential influences from
1376:
1213:
1198:
1118:
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824:
804:
777:
610:
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389:
331:
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5282:
Africa Shoots Back: Alternative Perspectives in Sub-Saharan Francophone African Film
4303:
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1240:
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941:
836:
697:
410:
382:
303:
296:
284:
214:
4878:
4704:"Seeing is believing: the effect of film on visitor numbers to screened locations"
4656:
2477:
recorded for playback along with the film, regardless of a musical accompaniment.
1799:
1152:
121:
8541:
8419:
8247:
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6095:
6033:
5951:
5941:
5902:
5818:
5742:
5668:
5474:
5350:
Reel Conversations: Candid Interviews with Film's Foremost Directors and Critics
4408:
4139:
3663:
3640:
3459:
3428:
3148:
3119:
3111:
3007:
2994:. The bigger the production, the more resources it takes, and the more important
2974:
This production cycle usually takes three years. The first year is taken up with
2964:
2960:
2900:
2890:
2795:
2714:
2540:
2471:
2283:
2236:. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The
2209:
2182:
2102:
2087:
2011:
1974:
1814:
1810:
1740:
1655:, emphasized how film differed from reality and thus could be considered a valid
1588:
1576:
1568:
1557:
1538:
1455:
1388:
1338:
1293:
1225:
1187:
1186:, the world's earliest surviving film produced using a motion picture camera, by
970:
937:
866:
788:
689:
530:
433:
368:
7634:
4862:
2790:. After the test audience responded very negatively to the death of protagonist
2390:
would probably be about the aesthetics or theory of film, while a book entitled
2313:
The terminology used for describing motion pictures varies considerably between
2169:
and photograph, export, import, and screen additional product commercially. The
2119:
8467:
8457:
8405:
8329:
8227:
8195:
8141:
7985:
7955:
7935:
7797:
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7727:
7685:
7524:
7479:
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7389:
7167:
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7060:
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6966:
6759:
6730:
6619:
6604:
6548:
6403:
6361:
5872:
5688:
5579:
4350:
4224:
3657:, a simulation game about the film industry, taking place at the dawn of cinema
3630:
3541:
3498:
3214:
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2956:
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2590:
2534:
2275:
2237:
2049:
1942:
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1803:
1724:
1644:
1553:
1360:
1301:
became commercially practical in the late 1920s, motion pictures were a purely
1281:
1270:
1168:
12,800 shows to a total of over 500,000 visitors at the Musée Grévin in Paris.
1144:
1015:
933:
925:, possibly originated around 200 BCE in Central Asia, India, Indonesia or China
916:
886:
The art of film has drawn on several earlier traditions in fields such as oral
800:
799:
intervals of darkness, but the viewer does not notice the interruptions due to
770:
726:
482:
470:
349:
270:
250:
226:
7841:
7639:
6931:
4288:
Abrams, S. (2017). "How Christopher Nolan's 'Dunkirk' Is Like a Silent Film".
4200:
3890:
Sound Design: The Expressive Power of Music, Voice and Sound Effects in Cinema
2386:
aspects, as where to go for fun evening on a date. For example, a book titled
1660:
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8582:
8474:
8217:
8168:
8146:
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809:
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492:
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1925:(2001) employs montage to create a visual language that reflects the film's
8514:
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8427:
8387:
8339:
8200:
8158:
7831:
7814:
7767:
7617:
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7018:
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5887:
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and films comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of
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3404:
3390:
3255:
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Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Hollywood, or other major
3198:
3145:
3115:
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3011:
2999:
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is a screening of two independently marketed, stand-alone feature films. A
2513:
2460:
2423:
2287:
2279:
2216:
2059:
2039:
2024:
1841:
1781:
1716:
1696:
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1436:
1355:, while the film industry in the United States flourished with the rise of
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1053:
1025:
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887:
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563:
525:
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5215:
Reel Racism: Confronting Hollywood's Construction of Afro-American Culture
5150:
Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Film Directory and Resource Guide
5070:. London: Laurence King, in association with Harper Design International.
3928:"TrueSync – using the power of generative AI to visually dub film content"
2131:
was the first large-scale film studio in the world, and the forerunner to
1912:
Thematic montage: Montage can also be used to convey thematic elements or
8616:
8587:
8577:
8509:
8334:
8262:
8173:
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8045:
8025:
8020:
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6587:
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6269:
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6130:
6003:
5963:
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5882:
5798:
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5606:
5557:
5258:
Schultz, John (writer and director); James Earl Jones (narrator) (1995).
5145:
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3107:
3057:
2874:
2786:
2723:
2367:
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2144:
2054:
2020:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1956:
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1306:
1302:
1255:
1236:
1217:
1002:
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827:
through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition.
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8442:
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8306:
8252:
8212:
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8125:
8035:
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5543:
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3157:
3140:
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2750:
2500:
2495:
2371:
2265:
2232:
2007:
1996:
1979:
1604:
1521:
1463:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1384:
1322:
1298:
985:(since 1877), before it became the basic principle for cinematography.
899:
891:
784:
780:
730:
721:
464:
459:
454:
289:
238:
233:
194:
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8267:
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5919:
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5808:
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5722:
5695:
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5496: – Movie reviews, previews, forums, photos, cast info, and more.
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1966:
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978:
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4053:
In Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative, edited by Thomas Elsaesser
1427:
sound technology. Early sound-film systems, such as Thomas Edison's
769:, or by a combination of some or all of these techniques, and other
63:
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2200:. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as
2196:
In the United States, much of the film industry is centered around
2000:
1970:
1712:
1656:
1343:
974:
5493:
5484:
4817:
Why Is 24 FPS the Standard for Films? Media Frame Rates, Explained
4537:
4515:
3782:
3287:
connections and a wide variety of professional and consumer-grade
2911:. They may also be works of political protest, as in the films of
2709:
is an actor or actress, often a popular one, and in many cases, a
2701:
refers to a collection of the actors and actresses who appear, or
2622:
is the distribution and often simultaneous screening of a film. A
2139:
757:, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional
8351:
8055:
7737:
7680:
6698:
4012:
3545:
3374:
3326:
3304:
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3070:
3014:) and for-profit business entities for the production companies.
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1549:
895:
3982:
8010:
7207:
7132:
6784:
6720:
6693:
6356:
6169:
6023:
5488:
5334:(Brigham Young University), vol. 46 (2007), no. 2. 336 p, ill.
5103:
5084:
4778:"The Fi Hall of Fame: Hacking Film – Why 24 Frames Per Second?"
4608:"Mona Zaki on Her Career's Future and Defending Women's Rights"
3041:
2633:
2394:
would probably be about the history of entertaining movies and
2201:
2152:
2128:
1765:
of condensing time, space, or information. Montage can involve
1351:
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the outbreak of
843:
5509:
3956:
3532:
in Japan, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from
3270:
in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution
906:
that had already featured moving or projected images include:
8094:
7695:
6828:
6806:
6799:
6599:
4126:
Harnessing the Technicolor Rainbow: Color Design in the 1930s
3903:
3037:
2608:
2212:
2010:
performance is a matter of debate. Some observers claim that
1871:
1608:
1310:
817:
5461:
5455:
4806:
Why 24 frames per second is still the gold standard for film
4304:"Wes Anderson | Biography, Movies, & Facts | Britannica"
3476:
3329:
which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create
2951:
of a Hollywood-style film, these main stages are defined as
1611:"H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in
6747:
5499:
5170:
Celluloid Mavericks: A History of American Independent Film
4541:
4519:
3308:
2350:
is the predominant term for the medium. Although the words
1599:
1375:(1916). However, in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as
1206:
1163:
before 1882. He then further developed the device into the
3957:"Voice Cloning Software for Content Creators | Respeecher"
1415:
synchronized with the action on the screen. The resulting
992:
marketed phénakisticope projection systems in France from
3448:
3444:
3280:
3002:
are artistic works from the creators' perspective (e.g.,
2585:
in British English, whereas the US expression is usually
2417:
1624:
1514:
744:
5061:
4111:
Technicolor Movies: The History of Dye Transfer Printing
2181:
and commanded huge fees for their performances. By 1917
1627:. The concept of film as an art-form began in 1911 with
1194:
By the end of the 1880s, the introduction of lengths of
4953:
Reel Women: Pioneers of the Cinema, 1896 to the Present
3480:
An animated image of a horse, made using eight pictures
2529:
is a film made outside the conventional film industry.
1794:
of images to create a visceral impact on the audience.
5187:
5066:
Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940
3692:"The Movie Theater of the Future Will Be In Your Mind"
3411:(historically the main way films were distributed) or
3197:
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using
1969:
and other media. Film critics working for newspapers,
1556:, one of the most popular actors in the golden age of
1359:, typified most prominently by the innovative work of
1029:
An animation of the retouched Sallie Garner card from
2637:, which portrays events following those in the film.
2568:, which is a different medium and place altogether).
1243:
and by the – arguably better known – French brothers
1105:
in 1881. He developed a portable camera that allowed
3837:
Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema
3559:
3493:), and then photographing the result with a special
2845:, Egyptian film star, her films influenced both the
1784:
developing the theory of montage. Eisenstein's film
1719:
wrote a classic text on film theory, titled "How to
1462:
American film studios, while Europe standardized on
5210:
4560:"'First Blood' Turns 30: Rambo's original dark end"
4486:"British English vs. U.S. English – film vs. movie"
4249:"Read This: It's okay to hate John McCain's legacy"
2470:refers to the earliest sound films created to have
2135:. It still produces global blockbusters every year.
88:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5212:
5189:
5063:
5015:
4972:
4165:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
3361:A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film,
3044:or provide voices for characters in the film. The
1691:, and others. On the other hand, critics from the
830:
37:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
5279:
4423:Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society
2903:, in whole or in part, such as the films made by
787:per second. The images are transmitted through a
8628:
5356:. New York: Carol Publishing Group. xii, 370 p.
5047:(3rd ed.). London: British Film Institute.
1407:technologies made it practical to incorporate a
5104:Hill, John & Gibson, Pamela Church (1998).
5085:Hagener, Malte & Töteberg, Michael (2002).
4975:Glorious Technicolor: The Movies' Magic Rainbow
4970:
4530:
4508:
3783:"The Exhibition of Moving Pictures before 1896"
2688:is a scene shown after the end of the credits.
2628:is a screening in advance of the main release.
791:at the same rate as they were recorded, with a
5233:
4420:
4195:
4193:
4065:
3839:. University of California Press. p. 46.
3724:"film | Etymology, origin and meaning of film"
3399:. This is normally the task of a professional
2833:
2317:. In British usage, the name of the medium is
1228:films on large screens for theatre audiences.
839:for recording and displaying motion pictures.
8110:
5525:
5391:
5196:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
5166:
5108:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
4702:Tooke, Nichola; Baker, Michael (1996-03-01).
4590:"AWFJ Opinion Poll: All About Movie Trailers"
4457:"British English/American English Vocabulary"
4201:"Film editing | motion pictures | Britannica"
3048:interacts with but is also distinct from the
2581:when referring to the activity, or sometimes
2325:is understood but seldom used. Additionally,
665:
8360:
4821:
4080:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3997:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3887:
3776:
3774:
3181:studios save color films through the use of
1403:In the 1920s, the development of electronic
1235:and his sons, using films produced by their
5298:
5122:
4949:
4755:. Cinemaweb.com. 1911-12-02. Archived from
4225:"New Wave | French film style | Britannica"
4190:
4070:. NY: George Eastman Museum. pp. 9–35.
4055:. London: BFI Publishing. pp. 239–247.
4035:
2880:
2151:, was the first large-scale film studio in
2028:universities as professors or instructors.
2006:The impact of a reviewer on a given film's
749:The moving images of a film are created by
8117:
8103:
5532:
5518:
4701:
2593:, physical film might be absent entirely.
2499:refers to a larger width to height in the
1280:The earliest films were simply one static
932:, developed in the 1650s. The multi-media
672:
658:
5284:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
5037:
5023:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
4979:. Cranbury, NJ: AS Barnes & Company.
4921:"Hanna Barbera's golden age of animation"
4113:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
3983:Bordwell, David, Thompson, Smith (2017).
3771:
1563:The decades following the decline of the
148:Learn how and when to remove this message
5478:) is being considered for deletion. See
5062:Faber, Liz & Walters, Helen (2003).
4480:
4478:
4363:
4128:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
4040:(Rev. ed.). London: BFI Publishing.
3834:
3475:
3294:Since the introduction of digital video
3291:make film-making relatively affordable.
3234:
2837:
2591:digital film production and distribution
2138:
2118:
1598:
1548:
1327:
1254:
1224:. Not much later, exhibitors managed to
1175:
1171:
1131:
1074:
1064:and many others, would create many more
1037:By the late 1850s the first examples of
1024:
959:Prof. Stampfer's Stroboscopische Scheibe
952:
161:
5374:The New Biographical Dictionary of Film
5367:
5129:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4842:from the original on September 15, 2007
4162:
4123:
4050:
3987:(11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
3789:
3689:
2450:, and the resulting works often called
1723:a Film," that addresses this. Director
1284:that showed an event or action with no
1159:on 4 June 1880, but did not market his
913:, probably used since prehistoric times
14:
8629:
5377:(4th ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf.
5152:. Issaquah, WA: Tiger Mountain Press.
5000:(Documentary). Turner Classic Movies.
4918:
4449:
4287:
4272:
4108:
3865:National Science and Media Museum blog
1515:1950s: growing influence of television
1005:was introduced in 1839, but initially
816:of the spoken words, music, and other
745:Recording and transmission of the film
27:Visual art consisting of moving images
8098:
5513:
5264:(Documentary). Amblin Entertainment.
5237:(Spring 1972). "Notes on Film Noir".
5126:New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction
4860:
4827:
4570:from the original on 17 November 2016
4475:
4367:Movie Censorship and American Culture
4326:
4066:Layton, Pierce, James, David (1998).
3978:
3976:
3690:Severny, Andrei (September 5, 2013).
3242:, who were among the first filmmakers
2801:
1679:among other things has given rise to
1325:were composed for major productions.
961:No. X (Trentsensky & Vieweg 1833)
4496:from the original on 10 January 2014
4181:
4096:"The Dawn of Technicolor, 1915–1935"
3883:
3881:
3314:
2362:is more often used when considering
2358:are sometimes used interchangeably,
2251:
1317:or, in large urban theaters, a full
86:adding citations to reliable sources
57:
5173:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press.
5087:Film: An International Bibliography
3795:
3780:
3201:technology similar to that used in
3122:; though 1000 frames per minute (16
2346:By contrast, in the United States,
1711:Film is considered to have its own
1072:in his lectures from 1880 to 1895.
948:
24:
7872:List of American independent films
5324:
5192:The Oxford History of World Cinema
4341:from the original on April 5, 2020
3973:
3904:"The History and Science of Sound"
3861:"A brief history of sound in film"
3345:the real event during the Cold War
2754:. A film enthusiast is known as a
2660:Butch and Sundance: The Early Days
2458:, despite not being shot on film.
1667:. More recent analysis spurred by
1544:
1250:
1117:. In 1886, AnschĂĽtz developed the
25:
8668:
5482:to help reach a consensus. ›
5415:
4463:from the original on 21 June 2013
4411:cnn.com. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
4327:Ebert, Roger (October 25, 1986).
4068:The Dawn of Technicolor 1915–1935
3878:
3217:can be evaluated and edited with
3169:usually recorded simultaneously.
1936:
1157:Société française de photographie
729:" and is used to refer to either
8610:
8078:
8069:
8068:
5464: – Reviews of classic films
5106:The Oxford Guide to Film Studies
4596:from the original on 2013-12-03.
4548:from the original on 2010-07-22.
4526:from the original on 2010-07-22.
3601:Glossary of motion picture terms
3562:
3369:or a similar source, created by
1995:For prestige films such as most
639:
203:
62:
5539:
5268:from the original on 2007-11-07
5219:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
5188:Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey (1999).
5004:from the original on 2006-06-13
4927:from the original on 2006-12-19
4912:
4901:from the original on 2022-07-30
4854:
4830:"Sharing Pix is Risky Business"
4810:
4799:
4788:from the original on 2022-07-21
4770:
4745:
4734:from the original on 2022-07-30
4695:
4685:from the original on 2022-07-30
4649:
4625:
4600:
4582:
4552:
4538:"Movie Terminology Glossary: F"
4516:"Movie Terminology Glossary: W"
4414:
4395:
4384:from the original on 2022-03-11
4370:. Univ of Massachusetts Press.
4357:
4320:
4296:
4281:
4266:
4241:
4217:
4175:
4156:
4132:
4117:
4102:
4088:
4059:
4044:
4029:
4013:"davidbordwell.net : home"
4005:
3949:
3920:
3896:
3734:from the original on 2022-02-01
3606:Index of video-related articles
3380:
2915:, or more subtly, the films of
2503:, compared to earlier historic
1929:of family, nostalgia, and loss.
1033:series (1878–1879) by Muybridge
831:Etymology and alternative terms
823:Contemporary films are usually
73:needs additional citations for
47:Motion picture (disambiguation)
43:Moving picture (disambiguation)
8124:
4828:Amdur, Meredith (2003-11-16).
4038:Silent Cinema: An Introduction
3853:
3828:
3804:
3745:
3716:
3683:
3224:
2726:, who directed and starred in
2491:for the entire film industry.
2308:
1594:
13:
1:
5467:
5394:Flicker: Your Brain on Movies
5261:The Making of 'Jurassic Park'
5144:Ledoux, Trish; Ranney, Doug;
5021:Theories of Cinema, 1945–1995
4942:
4879:10.1080/10402659.2021.1956155
4861:Films, Distrib (2021-01-02).
4364:Couvares, Francis G. (2006).
3596:Bibliography of film by genre
3528:in the United States, and by
3076:
2922:
1894:between parallel storylines.
993:
881:
803:. The apparent motion on the
737:, the overall art form, or a
5446:Resources in other libraries
5211:Rocchio, Vincent F. (2000).
4720:10.1016/0261-5177(95)00111-5
4669:10.3726/978-3-0351-0809-5/13
4171:(1): 6–31 – via JSTOR.
3888:Sonnenschein, David (2001).
3465:
2978:. The second year comprises
2532:In US usage, one talks of a
2315:British and American English
7:
5504:The Internet Movie Database
4919:Savage, Mark (2006-12-19).
4490:Straight Dope Message Board
3757:Online Etymology Dictionary
3555:
3350:
3040:who appear in front of the
2834:The role of film in culture
2031:
1706:
973:) and later applied in the
783:), usually at a rate of 24
10:
8673:
7763:Classical Hollywood cinema
6952:Commedia sexy all'italiana
5860:Exploitation film template
5804:Commedia sexy all'italiana
5308:. New York: Random House.
5280:Thackway, Melissa (2003).
3469:
3384:
3354:
3318:
3228:
3219:non-linear editing systems
3080:
3021:
2926:
2884:
2805:
2769:
2765:
2255:
2189:until the introduction of
2112:
1940:
1754:
1750:
1681:psychoanalytic film theory
1633:The Birth of the Sixth Art
874:
863:History of film technology
860:
856:
51:Photoplay (disambiguation)
36:
29:
8606:
8550:
8488:
8418:
8305:
8226:
8132:
8064:
7667:
7585:
7330:German underground horror
7285:Documentary Film Movement
7193:American eccentric cinema
7178:
6424:
5550:
5441:Resources in your library
3985:Film Art: An Introduction
3798:"The Anschuetz Zoetropes"
2631:Any film may also have a
2606:is a watching of a film.
2544:of a movie or video on a
2171:Oberammergau Passion Play
1735:, the one who invented a
1695:tradition, influenced by
1685:structuralist film theory
1245:Auguste and Louis Lumière
1161:praxinoscope a projection
1103:instantaneous photographs
1039:instantaneous photography
5480:templates for discussion
5305:Film as a Subversive Art
4971:Basten, Fred E. (1980).
4661:The Languages of Dubbing
4109:Haines, Richard (1993).
3816:www.ottomar-anschuetz.de
3676:
3621:List of film periodicals
3337:. For example, the film
3090:consists of transparent
3060:. Communication between
2881:Education and propaganda
2691:Ferris Bueller's Day Off
2552:. In British English, a
2388:How to Understand a Film
1501:
1398:
1056:. Muybridge, as well as
761:techniques, by means of
278:Breaking down the script
8642:19th-century inventions
7265:Cinema of Transgression
6399:Cinema of Transgression
5398:Oxford University Press
4956:. New York: Continuum.
4124:Higgins, Scott (2007).
3279:. Technologies such as
3017:
2548:at a public or private
1856:Guardians of the Galaxy
1731:for me is the greatest
1526:polarized 3D projection
1496:artificial intelligence
1305:, but these innovative
397:Daily production report
7350:Hollywood on the Tiber
5392:Jeffrey Zacks (2014).
5167:Merritt, Greg (2000).
5089:. Stuttgart: Metzler.
4290:The Hollywood Reporter
3835:Streible, Dan (2008).
3636:List of books on films
3616:List of film festivals
3481:
3289:video editing software
3243:
3032:is distinguished from
2854:
2729:Take the Money and Run
2454:as interchangeable to
2392:Let's Go to the Movies
2210:Indian film industry's
2187:television programming
2160:
2136:
2076:Southeast Asian cinema
1952:
1671:'s psychoanalysis and
1616:
1560:
1441:Bell Telephone Company
1348:
1277:
1265:Le Voyage dans la Lune
1203:motion picture cameras
1191:
1149:
1095:
1034:
1007:photographic emulsions
981:(since 1868), and the
962:
179:
39:Movie (disambiguation)
8325:Principal photography
7340:Grupo Cine LiberaciĂłn
7280:Czechoslovak New Wave
7275:Commedia all'italiana
5622:Commedia all'italiana
4051:Gunning, Tom (1994).
4017:www.davidbordwell.net
3626:List of years in film
3511:independent animation
3479:
3441:broadcast syndication
3417:personal home viewing
3262:Before the advent of
3238:
3203:television production
2841:
2640:Bride of Frankenstein
2378:more often refers to
2256:Further information:
2198:Hollywood, California
2142:
2123:Founded in 1912, the
2122:
2098:North American cinema
2093:Latin American cinema
1947:
1693:analytical philosophy
1673:Ferdinand de Saussure
1641:Formalist film theory
1602:
1552:
1411:of speech, music and
1366:The Birth of a Nation
1336:
1258:
1241:Skladanowsky brothers
1201:and the invention of
1183:Roundhay Garden Scene
1179:
1172:First motion pictures
1148:(1892) repainted clip
1142:
1078:
1028:
956:
755:motion-picture camera
753:actual scenes with a
404:Daily progress report
376:Film inventory report
357:Principal photography
172:
32:Film (disambiguation)
8563:Guerrilla filmmaking
8537:Digital distribution
8480:Digital intermediate
8320:Cinematic techniques
7867:Guerrilla filmmaking
7530:Kitchen sink realism
7485:Praška filmska škola
7415:New French Extremity
7325:German Expressionist
7233:Kitchen sink realism
7098:Contemporary Western
6878:Environmental issues
6409:New French Extremity
6367:New French Extremity
6192:Softcore pornography
6187:Hardcore pornography
6054:New French Extremity
5346:Hickenlooper, George
5123:King, Geoff (2002).
4997:Glorious Technicolor
4950:Acker, Ally (1991).
4663:, Peter Lang, 2015,
4592:. AWFJ. 2008-05-09.
4435:10.1093/cjres/rss024
4036:Usai, Paolo (2000).
3704:on September 7, 2013
3240:The Lumière Brothers
3083:Cinematic techniques
2861:created by specific
2149:Giza Pyramid complex
1922:The Royal Tenenbaums
1689:feminist film theory
1290:cinematic techniques
1275:science fiction film
1267:(A Trip to the Moon)
1127:Chicago World's Fair
1123:Siemens & Halske
1092:, 16/11/1889, p. 303
877:History of animation
574:Guerrilla filmmaking
82:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
8285:Production schedule
7603:Children and family
7577:Yugoslav Black Wave
7450:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
7335:Nigerian Golden Age
7300:European art cinema
7203:Australian New Wave
4863:"Recommended Films"
4753:"Silent Film Speed"
4566:. 22 October 2012.
4273:Desser, D. (2018).
4144:www.technicolor.com
3867:. 13 September 2021
3611:List of film awards
3524:and popularized by
3437:television programs
2777:Preview performance
2657:, an example being
2587:going to the movies
2579:going to the cinema
2509:feature-length film
2226:, an example being
2191:videotape recorders
1896:Christopher Nolan's
1884:Million Dollar Baby
1837:Requiem for a Dream
1787:Battleship Potemkin
1259:A famous shot from
1115:Étienne-Jules Marey
1090:American Scientific
1058:Étienne-Jules Marey
1049:The Horse in Motion
1031:The Horse in Motion
902:. Forms of art and
318:Production schedule
8598:First-dollar gross
7901:Major film studios
7495:Pure Film Movement
7475:Polish Film School
7375:Italian neorealist
7355:Hong Kong New Wave
6957:Mexican sex comedy
6014:German underground
5494:Rottentomatoes.com
5354:Citadel Press Book
5017:Casetti, Francesco
4708:Tourism Management
4407:2008-03-07 at the
4308:www.britannica.com
4229:www.britannica.com
4205:www.britannica.com
3961:www.respeecher.com
3759:. 22 November 2014
3503:computer animation
3482:
3462:using a computer.
3363:television program
3244:
3211:digital projectors
3183:separation masters
2986:. The third year,
2859:cultural artifacts
2855:
2802:Trailer and teaser
2685:post-credits scene
2374:aspects. The term
2161:
2137:
2072:South Asian cinema
1653:Siegfried Kracauer
1637:Moscow Film School
1617:
1561:
1530:stereophonic sound
1485:Dolby Laboratories
1349:
1278:
1273:and also an early
1192:
1150:
1096:
1044:Eadweard Muybridge
1035:
1020:Charles Wheatstone
977:(since 1866), the
963:
871:Precursors of film
810:optical soundtrack
767:computer animation
325:One liner schedule
180:
175:A Trip to the Moon
49:, and
8657:Visual arts media
8647:French inventions
8624:
8623:
8414:
8413:
8290:Shooting schedule
8092:
8091:
8031:Socialist realist
7743:Behind-the-scenes
7520:Socialist realist
7515:Spaghetti Western
7505:Romanian New Wave
7380:Japanese New Wave
7046:Sword and sorcery
6962:Nazi exploitation
6544:Mumbai underworld
6300:Planetary romance
5422:Library resources
5407:978-0-19-998287-5
5054:978-1-84457-193-2
4678:978-3-0343-1646-0
4492:. 21 March 2006.
4402:Bollywood Hots Up
4377:978-1-55849-575-3
4334:Chicago Sun-Times
3846:978-0-520-94058-1
3518:Limited animation
3387:Film distribution
3321:Open content film
3315:Open content film
3277:personal computer
3252:major film studio
3191:Film preservation
2909:Sergei Eisenstein
2782:audience response
2649:James Bond series
2614:at the box office
2299:product placement
2262:Product placement
2252:Associated fields
2242:blockbuster films
2143:Founded in 1935,
2125:Babelsberg Studio
2111:
2110:
2082:
2080:West Asian cinema
2068:East Asian cinema
1847:Shaun of the Dead
1819:François Truffaut
1778:Sergei Eisenstein
1589:Egyptian New Wave
1581:Japanese New Wave
1573:New German Cinema
1535:Peter Bogdanovich
1334:
1269:(1902), an early
1214:Electrotachyscope
1199:photographic film
1140:
1119:Electrotachyscope
1093:
1085:electrotachyscope
1066:chronophotography
1009:needed such long
999:until the 1890s.
778:photographic film
682:
681:
390:Production report
332:Shooting schedule
170:
158:
157:
150:
132:
16:(Redirected from
8664:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8568:Development hell
8498:Film distributor
8401:Costume designer
8378:Daily production
8358:
8357:
8352:Dailies (rushes)
8347:Daily call sheet
8275:Production board
8236:Script breakdown
8119:
8112:
8105:
8096:
8095:
8082:
8072:
8071:
8051:Vulgar auteurism
7879:Interstitial art
7857:Hyperlink cinema
7572:Vulgar auteurism
7567:Toronto New Wave
7557:Telefoni Bianchi
7552:Sword-and-sandal
7370:Italian futurist
7365:Iranian New Wave
7228:British New Wave
7041:Sword-and-sandal
6922:Rape and revenge
6863:Mouth of Garbage
6709:Tentacle erotica
6657:Goona-goona epic
6637:Extraterrestrial
6524:Heroic bloodshed
6158:Occult detective
5989:Christmas horror
5841:Sword-and-sandal
5573:Hong Kong action
5568:Heroic bloodshed
5534:
5527:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5411:
5388:
5319:
5295:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5254:
5230:
5218:
5207:
5195:
5184:
5163:
5140:
5119:
5100:
5081:
5069:
5058:
5034:
5012:
5010:
5009:
4990:
4978:
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4909:
4907:
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4852:
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4849:
4847:
4825:
4819:
4814:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4782:Film Independent
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:on April 7, 2007
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4699:
4693:
4692:
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3996:
3988:
3980:
3971:
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3968:
3967:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3934:. Archived from
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3876:
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3873:
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3808:
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3793:
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3766:
3764:
3749:
3743:
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3740:
3739:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3700:. Archived from
3687:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3495:animation camera
3401:film distributor
3231:Independent film
3137:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3050:production staff
2949:production cycle
2917:Andrei Tarkovsky
2905:Leni Riefenstahl
2897:educational film
2887:Educational film
2851:African cultures
2680:beginning titles
2066:
2036:
2035:
1982:. Mass marketed
1960:
1832:Darren Aronofsky
1771:symbolic meaning
1729:Andrei Tarkovsky
1727:famously said, "
1629:Ricciotto Canudo
1445:Western Electric
1337:A clip from the
1335:
1239:company, by the
1233:Woodville Latham
1141:
1088:
1062:Ottomar AnschĂĽtz
998:
995:
957:Animated GIF of
949:Before celluloid
942:dissolving views
698:American English
692:)—also called a
674:
667:
660:
644:
643:
642:
411:Daily editor log
383:Daily call sheet
304:Production strip
297:Production board
285:Script breakdown
207:
197:
182:
181:
171:
153:
146:
142:
139:
133:
131:
90:
66:
58:
21:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8620:
8617:Film portal
8611:
8609:
8602:
8546:
8542:Streaming media
8484:
8458:Special effects
8420:Post-production
8410:
8356:
8301:
8280:Day out of days
8248:Shooting script
8222:
8179:film adaptation
8128:
8123:
8093:
8088:
8060:
8001:Semidocumentary
7926:Minimalist film
7916:Message picture
7911:Maximalist film
7805:Database cinema
7788:Computer screen
7748:Black-and-white
7673:
7671:
7669:
7663:
7581:
7537:Soviet parallel
7460:Parallel cinema
7455:Pan-Indian film
7385:Kammerspielfilm
7320:French New Wave
7240:Budapest school
7223:Brighton School
7198:New Objectivity
7180:
7174:
7143:Science fiction
6775:Bruceploitation
6684:Girls with guns
6630:Turksploitation
6504:Gentleman thief
6420:
6255:Science fiction
6101:Minimalist film
6096:Maximalist film
6074:Science fiction
6034:Japanese horror
5831:Social guidance
5546:
5538:
5483:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5418:
5408:
5385:
5327:
5325:Further reading
5322:
5316:
5292:
5271:
5269:
5257:
5227:
5204:
5181:
5160:
5137:
5116:
5097:
5078:
5055:
5044:The Cinema Book
5031:
5007:
5005:
4993:
4987:
4964:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4930:
4928:
4917:
4913:
4904:
4902:
4859:
4855:
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4804:
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4791:
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4776:
4775:
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4696:
4688:
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4655:
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4617:
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4606:
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4588:
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4536:
4535:
4531:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4419:
4415:
4409:Wayback Machine
4400:
4396:
4387:
4385:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4344:
4342:
4329:"Sid and Nancy"
4325:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4286:
4282:
4271:
4267:
4258:
4256:
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4223:
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4218:
4209:
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4199:
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4148:
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4103:
4094:
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4049:
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4030:
4021:
4019:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3912:
3910:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3886:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3833:
3829:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3796:Rossell, Deac.
3794:
3790:
3781:Rossell, Deac.
3779:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3737:
3735:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3664:Television film
3641:Outline of film
3568:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3474:
3468:
3429:video-on-demand
3393:
3385:Main articles:
3383:
3359:
3353:
3323:
3317:
3233:
3227:
3149:The Jazz Singer
3132:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3085:
3079:
3026:
3020:
3008:cinematographer
2988:post-production
2965:post-production
2931:
2925:
2893:
2891:Propaganda film
2885:Main articles:
2883:
2836:
2810:
2804:
2796:Vietnam veteran
2774:
2768:
2715:Martin Scorsese
2705:, in a film. A
2583:to the pictures
2407:moving pictures
2403:Motion pictures
2311:
2284:film propaganda
2282:, divisions of
2268:
2254:
2183:Charlie Chaplin
2117:
2107:
2103:Oceanian cinema
2088:European cinema
2078:
2074:
2070:
2034:
2012:movie marketing
1975:broadcast media
1962:
1954:
1945:
1939:
1815:Jean-Luc Godard
1811:French New Wave
1804:special effects
1802:, editing, and
1759:
1753:
1745:Hollywood style
1741:180-degree rule
1709:
1597:
1577:Indian New Wave
1569:French New Wave
1558:Egyptian Cinema
1547:
1545:1960s and later
1539:Martin Scorsese
1517:
1504:
1464:Tobis-Klangfilm
1456:The Jazz Singer
1405:sound recording
1401:
1389:Charles Chaplin
1339:Charlie Chaplin
1328:
1253:
1251:Early evolution
1188:Louis Le Prince
1174:
1165:Théâtre Optique
1132:
1101:made his first
1094:
1087:
996:
951:
938:superimposition
923:shadow puppetry
884:
879:
873:
867:History of film
861:Main articles:
859:
833:
789:movie projector
747:
690:British English
678:
646:Film portal
640:
638:
631:
630:
596:
579:
578:
559:
551:
550:
542:
541:
508:
498:
497:
489:
488:
471:Special effects
436:
434:Post-production
426:
425:
369:Shooting script
345:
337:
336:
311:Day Out of Days
273:
263:
262:
217:
195:
162:
154:
143:
137:
134:
91:
89:
79:
67:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Motion pictures
15:
12:
11:
5:
8670:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8622:
8621:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8506:
8505:
8494:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8465:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8424:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8408:
8406:Make-up artist
8403:
8398:
8393:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8368:Film inventory
8364:
8362:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8330:Cinematography
8322:
8317:
8311:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8244:
8243:
8232:
8230:
8228:Pre-production
8224:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8198:
8196:Film budgeting
8193:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8144:
8142:Film treatment
8138:
8136:
8130:
8129:
8122:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8099:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8086:
8076:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7986:Reverse motion
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7936:Modernist film
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7881:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7798:midnight movie
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7675:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7620:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7587:
7586:By demographic
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7525:Social realist
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7480:Poliziotteschi
7477:
7472:
7470:Poetic realist
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7425:New generation
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7400:Modernist film
7397:
7392:
7390:L.A. Rebellion
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7255:Cinéma du look
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7168:Zapata Western
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7148:Singing cowboy
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7103:Dacoit Western
7100:
7095:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6984:Shoshimin-eiga
6981:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6972:Nunsploitation
6969:
6967:Pornochanchada
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6740:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6642:Food and drink
6639:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6620:Blaxploitation
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6549:Poliziotteschi
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6404:Extreme cinema
6401:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5984:Chinese horror
5981:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5850:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5705:
5704:
5703:
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5416:External links
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5369:Thomson, David
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5332:B.Y.U. Studies
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4873:(1): 170–172.
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4784:. 2021-12-29.
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4637:www.unicef.org
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3534:movie theaters
3499:phi phenomenon
3470:Main article:
3467:
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3419:(including on
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3355:Main article:
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3335:studio systems
3319:Main article:
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3301:film festivals
3248:studio systems
3229:Main article:
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3215:digital cinema
3156:sophisticated
3146:Warner Bros.'s
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3036:, who are the
3022:Main article:
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2998:becomes; most
2957:pre-production
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2772:Test screening
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2647:, such as the
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2238:Academy Awards
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1941:Main article:
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1937:Film criticism
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1878:The Karate Kid
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1792:juxtapositions
1755:Main article:
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1725:Ingmar Bergman
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1665:realist theory
1645:Rudolf Arnheim
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1554:Salah Zulfikar
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1271:narrative film
1261:Georges Méliès
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771:visual effects
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720:—is a work of
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702:motion picture
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6994:Slice of life
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6947:Bavarian porn
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6900:Partisan film
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6377:Psychological
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6327:Slice of life
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6039:Korean horror
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5898:Magic realism
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5839:
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5814:Sexploitation
5812:
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5807:
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5800:
5797:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5786:
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5778:
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5765:Calligrafismo
5763:
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5718:City symphony
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5409:
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5395:
5390:
5386:
5384:0-375-41128-3
5380:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:0-8065-1237-7
5359:
5355:
5352:, in series,
5351:
5347:
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5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5317:
5315:0-394-49078-9
5311:
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5301:
5297:
5293:
5291:0-85255-576-8
5287:
5283:
5278:
5267:
5263:
5262:
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5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5226:0-8133-6710-7
5222:
5217:
5216:
5209:
5205:
5203:0-19-874242-8
5199:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5182:
5180:1-56025-232-4
5176:
5172:
5171:
5165:
5161:
5159:0-9649542-5-7
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5136:0-231-12759-6
5132:
5128:
5127:
5121:
5117:
5115:0-19-871124-7
5111:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5096:3-476-01523-8
5092:
5088:
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5079:
5077:1-85669-346-5
5073:
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5032:
5030:0-292-71207-3
5026:
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4999:
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4992:
4988:
4986:0-498-02317-6
4982:
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4963:0-8264-0499-5
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4564:Yahoo! Movies
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4299:
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4276:
4275:"Sports Film"
4269:
4254:
4253:The A.V. Club
4250:
4244:
4230:
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3986:
3979:
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3958:
3952:
3938:on 2023-03-23
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3553:
3551:
3550:Stan Brakhage
3547:
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3535:
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3527:
3526:Hanna-Barbera
3523:
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3409:movie theater
3406:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3343:was based on
3342:
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3328:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:
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3278:
3273:
3272:digital video
3269:
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3257:
3253:
3249:
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3237:
3232:
3222:
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3208:
3207:digital video
3204:
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3063:
3059:
3055:
3054:screenwriters
3051:
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3043:
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3035:
3031:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:film director
3001:
3000:feature films
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2980:preproduction
2977:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:'s 1963 film
2940:
2939:Stan Brakhage
2936:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:Andrzej Wajda
2910:
2906:
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2594:
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2588:
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2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2556:happens at a
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2505:aspect ratios
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2484:silver screen
2480:
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2380:entertainment
2377:
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2341:
2340:movie theatre
2336:
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2296:
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2267:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2228:Kevin Costner
2225:
2224:cost overruns
2220:
2218:
2217:movie studios
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
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2167:
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2134:
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2126:
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2116:
2115:Film industry
2104:
2101:
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2047:
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2038:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:cross-cutting
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1874:
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1867:
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1833:
1829:
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1807:
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1801:
1800:mise-en-scène
1795:
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1779:
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1714:
1704:
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1698:
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1690:
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1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:Jacques Lacan
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1607:spring-wound
1606:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:New Hollywood
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:studio system
1559:
1555:
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1540:
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1508:
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1470:
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1452:
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1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:sound effects
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1393:Buster Keaton
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1362:
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1354:
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1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:A frame from
1178:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Émile Reynaud
1147:
1146:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:zoopraxiscope
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:cabinet cards
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
991:
990:Jules Duboscq
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
960:
955:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:magic lantern
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
907:
905:
904:entertainment
901:
897:
893:
889:
878:
872:
868:
864:
854:
850:
847:
845:
840:
838:
828:
826:
825:fully digital
821:
819:
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:photographing
742:
740:
739:movie theater
736:
735:film industry
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
675:
670:
668:
663:
661:
656:
655:
653:
652:
647:
637:
636:
635:
634:
627:
624:
622:
621:Screenwriting
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
592:
591:
588:
587:
583:
582:
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567:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:
547:
544:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
523:
522:
520:
514:
511:
510:
507:
502:
501:
494:
493:Negative cost
491:
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484:
481:
479:
475:
474:
472:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
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398:
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388:
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152:
149:
141:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99: –
98:
94:
93:Find sources:
87:
83:
77:
76:
71:This article
69:
65:
60:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
8608:
8572:
8510:Film release
8490:Distribution
8433:Re-recording
8428:Film editing
8340:Videographer
8201:Film finance
8159:Step outline
7820:Experimental
7815:Ethnofiction
7562:Third Cinema
7465:Persian Film
7208:Auteur films
7179:By movement
7036:Swashbuckler
6895:Ozploitation
6890:Outlaw biker
6770:Martial arts
6765:Magical girl
6615:Exploitation
6610:Ethnographic
6539:Mafia comedy
6182:Pornographic
6059:Psycho-biddy
6044:Lovecraftian
5878:Contemporary
5859:
5853:Exploitation
5848:Experimental
5728:Mockumentary
5597:Biographical
5540:
5473:
5436:Online books
5426:
5393:
5372:
5353:
5349:
5331:
5303:
5281:
5270:. Retrieved
5260:
5242:
5239:Film Comment
5238:
5214:
5191:
5169:
5149:
5146:Patten, Fred
5125:
5105:
5086:
5065:
5043:
5020:
5006:. Retrieved
4996:
4974:
4952:
4929:. Retrieved
4923:. BBC News.
4914:
4903:. Retrieved
4870:
4867:Peace Review
4866:
4856:
4844:. Retrieved
4833:
4823:
4812:
4801:
4790:. Retrieved
4781:
4772:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4747:
4736:. Retrieved
4714:(2): 87–94.
4711:
4707:
4697:
4687:, retrieved
4660:
4651:
4640:. Retrieved
4636:
4627:
4616:. Retrieved
4614:. 2021-01-25
4612:Vogue Arabia
4611:
4602:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4554:
4532:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4489:
4465:. Retrieved
4451:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4397:
4386:. Retrieved
4366:
4359:
4349:– via
4343:. Retrieved
4332:
4322:
4311:. Retrieved
4307:
4298:
4289:
4283:
4268:
4257:. Retrieved
4255:. 2017-07-25
4252:
4243:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:
4219:
4208:. Retrieved
4204:
4183:
4177:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4147:. Retrieved
4143:
4140:"Who We Are"
4134:
4125:
4119:
4110:
4104:
4090:
4067:
4061:
4052:
4046:
4037:
4031:
4020:. Retrieved
4016:
4007:
3984:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:
3951:
3940:. Retrieved
3936:the original
3931:
3922:
3911:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3889:
3869:. Retrieved
3864:
3855:
3836:
3830:
3819:. Retrieved
3815:
3806:
3791:
3761:. Retrieved
3756:
3747:
3736:. Retrieved
3727:
3718:
3708:September 5,
3706:. Retrieved
3702:the original
3695:
3685:
3652:
3530:Osamu Tezuka
3516:
3483:
3425:Blu-ray Disc
3405:release date
3394:
3391:Film release
3381:Distribution
3360:
3339:
3324:
3293:
3261:
3259:lead roles.
3256:Warner Bros.
3245:
3209:cameras and
3199:analog video
3196:
3171:
3086:
3065:
3061:
3058:film editors
3049:
3045:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3012:screenwriter
2992:distribution
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:distribution
2942:
2932:
2894:
2856:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:Film trailer
2785:
2776:
2775:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2554:film showing
2553:
2549:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2514:feature film
2512:
2508:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2478:
2465:
2461:Silent films
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:Blu-ray Disc
2422:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:blockbusters
2391:
2387:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:the pictures
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2292:
2288:movie review
2280:film history
2269:
2244:released in
2231:
2221:
2195:
2162:
2060:Asian cinema
2040:World cinema
2025:film studies
2005:
1992:comedy films
1963:
1953:
1948:
1932:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1882:
1881:(1984), and
1876:
1870:
1860:
1854:
1845:
1842:Edgar Wright
1835:
1824:
1808:
1796:
1785:
1782:Lev Kuleshov
1775:
1760:
1737:new language
1736:
1720:
1717:James Monaco
1710:
1701:form of life
1697:Wittgenstein
1632:
1631:'s manifest
1618:
1613:film schools
1562:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1489:Dolby Stereo
1482:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1422:
1402:
1381:F. W. Murnau
1371:
1364:
1350:
1342:
1341:silent film
1307:silent films
1279:
1263:
1230:
1211:
1193:
1181:
1160:
1151:
1143:
1097:
1089:
1047:
1036:
1001:
987:
983:praxinoscope
967:stroboscopic
964:
958:
911:shadowgraphy
888:storytelling
885:
851:
848:
841:
834:
822:
797:stroboscopic
793:Geneva drive
775:
748:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
693:
685:
683:
600:
584:
564:Film history
519:Film release
513:Distribution
506:Distribution
448:Re-recording
441:Film editing
416:Sound report
246:Film finance
222:Step outline
173:
159:
144:
135:
125:
118:
111:
104:
92:
80:Please help
75:verification
72:
55:
8588:Film rights
8578:Filmography
8335:Videography
8263:Scenography
8174:spec script
8134:Development
8046:Video nasty
8041:Underground
8026:Slow cinema
7996:Sceneggiata
7884:Live action
7862:Independent
7842:Film Ă clef
7810:Docufiction
7778:Compilation
7753:Blockbuster
7721:Traditional
7716:Stop-motion
7652:Chick flick
7510:Slow cinema
7500:Remodernist
7315:Free Cinema
7295:Erra Cinema
7260:Cinema Novo
7138:Revisionist
6647:Gendai-geki
6583:Psychedelic
6571:Apocalyptic
6437:Beach party
6332:Slow cinema
6305:Space opera
6270:Fantastique
6141:Sceneggiata
6131:Musicarello
6004:Fantastique
5883:Fantastique
5826:Educational
5753:Video essay
5708:Documentary
5468:‹ The
5300:Vogel, Amos
5245:(1): 8–13.
4574:16 November
4184:JSTOR Daily
3763:11 December
3578:Docufiction
3570:Film portal
3491:stop motion
3456:downloading
3433:downloading
3331:fan fiction
3225:Independent
3187:Technicolor
3174:photography
3164:, allowing
3108:film format
2976:development
2953:development
2787:First Blood
2724:Woody Allen
2672:end credits
2526:independent
2368:theoretical
2321:. The word
2309:Terminology
2303:advertising
2272:film theory
2258:Film theory
2179:celebrities
2157:Middle East
2145:Studio Misr
2055:Arab cinema
2021:film theory
2016:blockbuster
1957:Roger Ebert
1916:in a film.
1903:(2010) and
1862:Baby Driver
1859:(2014) and
1840:(2000) and
1661:André Bazin
1649:Béla Balázs
1621:Film theory
1595:Film theory
1524:processes,
1453:(1926) and
1437:Warner Bros
1429:Kinetoscope
1417:sound films
1372:Intolerance
1369:(1915) and
1353:World War I
1323:film scores
1237:Eidoloscope
1218:Kinetoscope
1003:Photography
997: 1853
900:visual arts
812:(a graphic
626:Spec script
569:Filmography
422:Cost report
364:Videography
258:Green-light
215:Development
8631:Categories
8593:Turnaround
8558:Box office
8443:Soundtrack
8438:Sync sound
8396:Editor log
8373:Production
8307:Production
8253:Storyboard
8213:Greenlight
8164:Screenplay
8152:scriptment
8126:Filmmaking
7966:Paracinema
7951:Neorealist
7946:Mythopoeia
7931:Mockbuster
7896:Low-budget
7837:Featurette
7670:technique,
7668:By format,
7547:Surrealist
7542:Structural
7420:New German
7410:Neorealist
7405:Mumblecore
7345:Heimatfilm
7305:Film d'art
7270:Cinéma pur
7004:South Seas
6977:Sex report
6243:Paranormal
6206:Propaganda
6106:Mumblecore
5893:Historical
5775:Historical
5664:Remarriage
5654:Mo lei tau
5272:2007-02-02
5008:2007-02-02
4943:References
4931:2007-01-25
4905:2021-11-18
4792:2022-07-21
4763:2010-11-25
4738:2022-01-27
4689:2022-01-24
4642:2023-11-26
4618:2023-11-26
4388:2022-01-17
4313:2023-03-25
4259:2023-03-25
4234:2023-03-25
4210:2023-03-25
4149:2023-03-24
4022:2023-03-24
3966:2023-03-23
3942:2023-03-23
3913:2023-03-23
3871:2023-03-23
3821:2020-04-19
3738:2022-02-01
3728:etymonline
3660:Platforms
3654:The Movies
3588:Filmophile
3538:television
3487:claymation
3413:television
3367:comic book
3268:camcorders
3178:multimedia
3158:filmstocks
3151:and their
3141:sound film
3120:projectors
3112:35 mm
3088:Film stock
3081:See also:
3077:Technology
3062:production
2984:production
2961:production
2929:Filmmaking
2923:Production
2901:propaganda
2857:Films are
2792:John Rambo
2751:cinephilia
2741:movie goer
2541:projection
2496:Widescreen
2384:commercial
2331:the movies
2301:and other
2266:Propaganda
2233:Waterworld
2204:-centered
2008:box office
1967:newspapers
1767:flashbacks
1522:widescreen
1478:Cinerama's
1425:phonograph
1409:soundtrack
1385:Fritz Lang
1377:Eisenstein
1303:visual art
1299:sound film
892:literature
882:Precursors
875:See also:
731:filmmaking
722:visual art
460:Soundtrack
455:Sync sound
344:Production
290:Storyboard
239:Screenplay
234:Scriptment
196:Filmmaking
108:newspapers
8315:Film crew
8295:one-liner
8268:Rehearsal
7956:No-budget
7921:Meta-film
7889:animation
7847:Film-poem
7783:Composite
7728:Anthology
7691:Animation
7686:Actuality
7672:approach,
7440:New Queer
7360:Indiewood
7310:Film gris
7181:or period
7158:Spaghetti
7081:Submarine
7061:Vigilante
7026:Superhero
6780:Chopsocky
6726:Jidaigeki
6595:Dystopian
6494:Detective
6452:Buddy cop
6442:Body swap
6372:Political
6352:Financial
6315:Tokusatsu
6310:Steampunk
6226:Bromantic
6198:Malayalam
6177:Crossover
6153:Detective
6121:Backstage
6069:Religious
5925:Tech noir
5920:Pulp noir
5910:Film noir
5785:Melodrama
5723:Docudrama
5696:Cyberpunk
5689:Slapstick
5679:Screwball
5639:Gross out
5602:Christian
5580:Adventure
5462:Film Site
5340:0007-0106
5251:0015-119X
5039:Cook, Pam
4895:239028670
4887:1040-2659
4728:0261-5177
4443:1752-1378
4076:cite book
3993:cite book
3648:Lost film
3472:Animation
3466:Animation
3460:streaming
3431:, online
3421:DVD-Video
3205:. Modern
3166:directors
3153:Vitaphone
3100:polyester
3092:celluloid
3024:Film crew
2996:financing
2944:Mothlight
2875:translate
2871:subtitles
2843:Mona Zaki
2756:cinephile
2745:film buff
2737:film goer
2711:celebrity
2697:A film's
2562:(never a
2535:screening
2430:videotape
2412:Star Wars
2372:technical
2293:Star Wars
2206:Bollywood
2147:near the
2133:Hollywood
2001:art films
1971:magazines
1900:Inception
1677:semiotics
1643:, led by
1483:In 1966,
1469:King Kong
1433:Vitaphone
1357:Hollywood
1319:orchestra
1288:or other
1222:Mutoscope
1209:of film.
1196:celluloid
1111:Muybridge
1011:exposures
979:flip book
814:recording
759:animation
714:photoplay
606:Film crew
138:June 2019
8532:Roadshow
8448:Timecode
8383:Progress
8147:Producer
8074:Category
7961:One-shot
7825:Abstract
7711:Computer
7395:Lettrist
7290:Dogme 95
7218:Bourekas
7188:Absolute
7128:Northern
7123:Meat pie
7076:Euro War
7071:Anti-war
6937:Rumberas
6858:Mountain
6760:Luchador
6716:Homeland
6704:Shotacon
6677:Suburban
6605:Economic
6566:Disaster
6499:Gangster
6474:Colonial
6464:Cannibal
6425:By theme
6382:Romantic
6337:Thriller
6295:New Wave
6290:Military
6248:Thriller
6216:Romantic
6163:Whodunit
6136:Operetta
6116:Arthouse
6084:Splatter
5979:Cannibal
5969:Arthouse
5952:Suburban
5942:Southern
5915:Neo-noir
5819:Thriller
5713:Animated
5701:Japanese
5669:Romantic
5659:Thriller
5585:Survival
5563:Arthouse
5551:By style
5470:template
5456:Allmovie
5371:(2002).
5348:(1991).
5302:(1974).
5266:Archived
5148:(1997).
5041:(2007).
5019:(1999).
5002:Archived
4925:Archived
4899:Archived
4846:June 23,
4840:Archived
4786:Archived
4732:Archived
4683:archived
4594:Archived
4568:Archived
4546:Archived
4524:Archived
4494:Archived
4461:Archived
4405:Archived
4382:Archived
4339:Archived
3932:Flawless
3732:Archived
3669:Web film
3556:See also
3453:Internet
3447:tape or
3439:through
3397:audience
3375:amateurs
3357:Fan film
3351:Fan film
3285:FireWire
3071:Caterers
2935:zoetrope
2863:cultures
2847:Egyptian
2817:previews
2813:Trailers
2760:cineaste
2475:dialogue
2435:transfer
2364:artistic
2175:theaters
2166:Lumières
2155:and the
2032:Industry
1875:(1976),
1733:director
1713:language
1707:Language
1657:fine art
1472:(1933).
1459:(1927).
1450:Don Juan
1435:used by
1431:and the
1344:The Bond
1315:organist
1220:and the
1099:AnschĂĽtz
1082:AnschĂĽtz
975:zoetrope
595:See also
586:Glossary
546:Roadshow
187:a series
185:Part of
8551:Related
8525:delayed
8520:limited
8258:Casting
8241:process
8169:process
8056:Z movie
7832:Feature
7768:Collage
7738:B movie
7706:Cartoon
7445:No wave
7113:Florida
7108:Fantasy
7088:Western
7031:Surfing
7019:Eurospy
6989:Slavery
6839:Vampire
6819:Monster
6790:Kung fu
6731:Samurai
6699:Lolicon
6667:Romance
6514:Gong'an
6484:Concert
6469:Chicano
6432:Animals
6320:Western
6275:Fantasy
6233:Fantasy
6211:Reality
6148:Mystery
6126:Jukebox
6111:Musical
6089:Satanic
6079:Slasher
6049:Natural
6029:Holiday
5937:Romance
5903:Science
5868:Fantasy
5770:Dramedy
5634:Dramedy
5472:below (
4835:Variety
4500:26 June
4467:26 June
4345:May 31,
3753:"Flick"
3697:Tribeca
3546:Len Lye
3340:Balloon
3327:license
3305:YouTube
3264:digital
3136:
3124:
3116:cameras
3096:acetate
2867:dubbing
2822:trailer
2766:Preview
2668:credits
2654:prequel
2625:preview
2619:release
2604:viewing
2574:theatre
2565:theatre
2550:theater
2489:metonym
2472:audible
2467:talkies
2448:filming
2443:filming
2295:figures
1906:Dunkirk
1887:(2004).
1762:Montage
1757:Montage
1751:Montage
1311:pianist
1286:editing
1226:project
1107:shutter
896:theatre
857:History
710:picture
536:delayed
531:limited
122:scholar
8468:visual
8189:Option
8084:Portal
8021:Silent
8011:Shinpa
8006:Serial
7991:Satire
7976:Poetry
7906:Masala
7635:ShĹŤnen
7618:Seinen
7133:Ostern
7118:Horror
7051:Travel
7009:Sports
6932:Rubble
6905:Prison
6873:Nature
6844:Zombie
6785:Gun fu
6721:Isekai
6694:Hentai
6662:Gothic
6588:Stoner
6554:Yakuza
6509:GokudĹŤ
6457:Female
6387:Techno
6357:Giallo
6347:Erotic
6342:Comedy
6285:Horror
6280:Gothic
6265:Comedy
6238:Gothic
6221:Comedy
6170:Giallo
6024:Giallo
5994:Comedy
5964:Horror
5932:Gothic
5873:Comedy
5799:Erotic
5790:Korean
5748:Travel
5738:Pseudo
5684:Silent
5649:Parody
5644:Horror
5612:Action
5607:Comedy
5558:Action
5544:genres
5489:Curlie
5485:Movies
5475:Curlie
5424:about
5404:
5381:
5360:
5338:
5312:
5288:
5249:
5223:
5200:
5177:
5156:
5133:
5112:
5093:
5074:
5051:
5027:
4983:
4960:
4893:
4885:
4726:
4675:
4441:
4374:
3843:
3592:Lists
3584:genre)
3582:hybrid
3548:, and
3162:lenses
3042:camera
3038:actors
2827:teaser
2676:titles
2645:series
2634:sequel
2570:Cinema
2559:cinema
2546:screen
2479:Cinema
2456:movies
2427:, and
2376:movies
2335:cinema
2264:, and
2208:, the
2202:Mumbai
2153:Africa
2129:Berlin
1997:dramas
1990:, and
1988:horror
1984:action
1980:genres
1973:, and
1959:(1986)
1927:themes
1914:motifs
1651:, and
1635:. The
1587:, and
1575:wave,
1528:, and
1347:(1918)
1294:scenes
1190:, 1888
869:, and
844:Europe
837:medium
818:sounds
805:screen
785:frames
733:, the
483:visual
124:
117:
110:
103:
97:"Film"
95:
45:,
41:,
8463:sound
8453:Music
8388:Sound
8206:pitch
8036:Sound
8016:Short
7773:Color
7696:Anime
7657:Josei
7647:Women
7640:ShĹŤjo
7608:Anime
7598:Black
7593:Adult
7153:Space
7056:Trial
6999:Snuff
6910:Women
6885:Opera
6834:Mummy
6829:Kaiju
6812:Anime
6807:Mecha
6800:Wuxia
6795:Ninja
6743:LGBTQ
6738:KaitĹŤ
6689:Harem
6672:Space
6652:Ghost
6600:Ecchi
6561:Dance
6534:Mafia
6519:Heist
6489:Crime
6447:Buddy
6416:Trick
6362:Legal
6019:Ghost
5957:Urban
5947:Space
5780:Legal
5760:Drama
5733:Mondo
5617:Black
4891:S2CID
3908:TSDCA
3677:Notes
3451:, or
3098:, or
2743:, or
2670:, or
2609:Sales
2520:short
2511:, or
2501:frame
2452:films
2370:, or
2356:movie
2348:movie
2323:movie
2213:Hindi
2127:near
1872:Rocky
1609:Bolex
1605:16 mm
1603:This
1502:Color
1399:Sound
781:stock
718:flick
716:, or
694:movie
616:Pitch
478:sound
465:Music
129:JSTOR
115:books
8637:Film
8573:Film
8515:wide
8503:list
8392:Cost
8184:Hook
7793:Cult
7630:Teen
7623:Stag
7614:Men
7093:Acid
6927:Road
6917:Race
6753:Yuri
6748:Yaoi
6578:Drug
6529:Hood
5974:Body
5888:High
5858:see
5836:Epic
5809:Pink
5743:Semi
5627:Sexy
5541:Film
5500:IMDb
5427:Film
5402:ISBN
5379:ISBN
5358:ISBN
5336:ISSN
5310:ISBN
5286:ISBN
5247:ISSN
5221:ISBN
5198:ISBN
5175:ISBN
5154:ISBN
5131:ISBN
5110:ISBN
5091:ISBN
5072:ISBN
5049:ISBN
5025:ISBN
4981:ISBN
4958:ISBN
4883:ISSN
4848:2007
4724:ISSN
4673:ISBN
4576:2016
4542:IMDb
4520:IMDb
4502:2013
4469:2013
4439:ISSN
4372:ISBN
4347:2020
4082:link
3999:link
3841:ISBN
3765:2022
3710:2013
3489:and
3415:for
3389:and
3371:fans
3309:Veoh
3307:and
3281:DVDs
3160:and
3118:and
3103:base
3066:crew
3064:and
3056:and
3046:crew
3034:cast
3030:Crew
3018:Crew
2990:and
2982:and
2967:and
2889:and
2849:and
2794:, a
2719:crew
2717:. A
2707:star
2703:star
2699:cast
2682:. A
2666:The
2612:and
2507:. A
2441:and
2439:Film
2405:and
2360:film
2354:and
2352:film
2319:film
1999:and
1817:and
1809:The
1780:and
1721:Read
1537:and
1443:and
1383:and
1282:shot
1207:reel
1113:and
965:The
928:The
898:and
765:and
686:film
611:Hook
601:Film
526:wide
101:news
7733:Art
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