Moro Rebellion - Knowledge

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superficial peace came at the price of tolerating a certain amount of lawlessness. Constabulary forces in pursuit of Moro fugitives often found themselves forced to abandon their chase after the fugitives took refuge at their home cottas. The constabulary forces were outnumbered, and a much larger (and disruptive) expedition would have been required to dislodge the fugitives from their hiding place. However, this period also demonstrated the success of new aggressive American tactics. According to Rear Admiral D. P. Mannix, who fought the Moros as a young lieutenant from 1907 to 1908, the Americans exploited Muslim taboos by wrapping dead Moros in pig's skin and "stuffing mouth with pork", thereby deterring the Moros from continuing with their suicide attacks.

2370:, historians do not believe that Pershing was directly involved with such incidents, or that he personally gave such orders to his subordinates. Letters and memoirs from soldiers describing events similar to this do not have credible evidence of Pershing's having been personally involved. However, some reports do say that Pershing was engaged in deliberate efforts to offend Muslim Filipinos' religious sensibilities, including an incident in which Pershing brought a pig's head to a ceasefire negotiation with a Muslim leader, though there is no evidence for the claim made by Donald Trump that Pershing executed Muslim insurgents with bullets dipped in pig's blood. 2015:. In September 1902, he led the Masiu Expedition, which resulted in a victory that did much to establish American dominance in the area. On February 10, 1903, Pershing was declared a Datu by the formerly hostile Pandita Sajiduciaman of the Bayan Moros (who had been defeated at the Battle of Pandapatan) – the only American to be so honored. Pershing's career at Camp Vickers culminated in the march around Lake Lanao during April and May 1903. Dansalan also known as the Marawi Expedition, it included the Battle of Bacolod and First Battle of Taraka but was otherwise peaceful. This expedition quickly became a symbol of American control of the 2495: 1967:, to issue a declaration on April 13, 1902. The declaration began, "Under the Treaty of Paris between Spain and the United States, ... the Philippine Islands, including the island of Mindanao, were ceded by Spain to the United States.", and demanded that the killers of American troops and stolen government property be handed over to the United States. Chafee's declaration was an attempt at a peaceful resolution. However the Moros, had never heard of Paris and considered that Spain, which had never successfully conquered Mindanao, could not cede their land to anyone. They considered Chaffee's declaration arrogant and rejected his demands. 2510: 217: 206: 195: 147: 133: 54: 2522: 2379: 2635:

Moros have never asked more than that, it is not surprising, that they refused all overtures made, by Aguinaldo's agents, at the time of the Filipino insurrection. President McKinley sent a personal letter of thanks to Mr. Straus for the excellent work he had done, and said, its accomplishment had saved the United States at least twenty thousand troops in the field. If the reader will pause to consider what this means in men and also the millions in money, he will appreciate this wonderful piece of diplomacy, in averting a holy war.

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change in leadership but a change in regime, and was a traumatic experience. Rotation within the military meant that each military governor could serve only for a limited time, and civil governors were needed in order to provide for a lengthy tenure in office. Until 1911, every district governor and secretary had been a military officer. By 1913, Pershing was the only military officer to hold a civil office.

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district governors and their deputies, were held by members of the American military. The governor of the province served as the commander of the Department of Mindanao-Jolo. This system of combined civil and military administration had several motivations behind it. One was the continued Moro hostilities. Another was the Army's experience during the Indian Wars when it came into conflict with the civilian

2071:, and Zamboanga. The districts were sub-divided into tribal wards, with major datus serving as ward chiefs and minor datus serving as deputies, judges, and sheriffs. This system took advantage of the existing structure of Moro political society, which was based on personal ties while paving the way for a more individualistic society, where the office, not the person holding it, would be given respect. 1859:, set out to better relations with the Moros of the Maranao tribes on the northern shore of Lake Lanao. He successfully established friendly relations with Amai-Manabilang, the retired Sultan of Madaya. Although retired, Manabilang was the single most influential personage among the fragmented inhabitants of the northern shore of the lake. His alliance did much to secure American standing in the area. 1991:. Baldwin wanted to move on the hostile Moros immediately, but Pershing warned that doing so could create an anti-American coalition of the surrounding Datus, while some patient diplomacy could establish friendly relations with most of the Moros, isolating the hostile minority. Baldwin grudgingly agreed. On June 30, Pershing assumed command of Camp Vickers, and Baldwin returned to 2039:(signaling that they had no quarrel with Pershing's troops). Bullard was unable to explain to the Moro why he was not worried about Pershing's approach. On another occasion, a powerful datu proposed an alliance with Bullard, for the purposes of defeating Pershing and establishing overlordship over the entire Lake Lanao region. On June 1, 1903, the 1717:, in 1876. The Spaniards and the Sultan of Sulu signed the Spanish Treaty of Peace on July 22, 1878. Control of the Sulu archipelago outside of the Spanish garrisons was handed to the Sultan. The treaty had translation errors: According to the Spanish-language version, Spain had complete sovereignty over the Sulu archipelago, while the 2429:. The latter battle, fought from June 11–15 1913, was the last major battle of the conflict, and is usually considered as marking the end of the rebellion. Smaller skirmishes between Moro bands and US troops were reported to have occurred in the months following the battle, with the last of these clashes occurring in 1983:, also known as the Battle of Bayan. Pandapatan's defenses were unexpectedly strong, leading to 18 American casualties during the fighting. On the second day, the Americans used ladders and moat-bridging tools to break through the Moro fortifications, and a general slaughter of the Moro defenders followed. 2673:

in 1937; the film was released in 1939. It was based on a 1937 novel of the same name by Charles L. Clifford, a pen name of Hurley's. The film served as American military propaganda, portraying the US Army as brave defenders of the local population being terrorised by the Moros, whom the film depicts

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Arrows, bayonets, guns, and kalises were used in often suicidal attacks by the Moros during their war with the Americans. Suicide attacks became more popular among Moros due to the overwhelming firepower of the Americans in conventional battles. Moro women took part in the resistance at the Battle of

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juramentado attacks were materially reduced in number by a practice the army had already adopted, one that the Mohammadans held in abhorrence. The bodies were publicly buried in the same grave with a dead pig. It was not pleasant to have to take such measures but the prospect of going to hell instead

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An educational system was established. By June 1904, there were 50 schools with an average enrollment of 30 students each. Because of difficulties in getting teachers that spoke native languages, classes were conducted in English after initial training in that language. Many Moros were suspicious of

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Private land ownership was introduced, in order to help the Moros transition to a more individualistic society from their traditional tribal society. Each family was given 40 acres (16 ha) of land, with datus given additional land in accordance with their status. Land sales had to be approved by the

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On Wood's recommendation, the United States unilaterally abrogated the Kiram–Bates Treaty, citing continuing piracy and attacks on American personnel. The Sultan of Sulu was demoted to a purely religious office, with no more power than any other datu, and was provided with a small salary. The United

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replaced Kobbe as the commander of the Department of Mindanao-Jolo. Davis adopted a conciliatory policy towards the Moros. American forces under his command had standing orders to buy Moro produce when possible and to have "heralds of amity" precede all scouting expeditions. Peaceful Moros would not

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After the American government informed the Moros that they would continue the old colonial protectorate relationship that they had with Spain, the Moro Sulu Sultan rejected this and demanded that a new treaty be negotiated. The United States signed the Kiram–Bates Treaty with the Moro Sulu Sultanate

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Philippine Uprisings and Campaigns After July 4, 1902, and Prior to January 1, 1914: Hearings Before the Committee on Invalid Pensions, House of Representatives, Seventy-ninth Congress, First Session, on H. R. 128 and H. R. 3251, Bills Extending Pension Benefits to Veterans who Served After July 4,

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was appointed Governor-General of the Philippines, and relieved Pershing of his position as governor of the Moro Province, replacing him with Frank Carpenter, a civilian official. In March 1915, Carpenter came to an agreement with Sultan Jamalul Kiram, in which Kiram agreed to relinquish all claims

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Slavery was abolished. Slave trading and raiding were repressed, but slaves were left with their owners. Wood announced that slaves were "at liberty to go and build homes for themselves wherever they like," and pledged the military's protection for any former slaves that did so. Similar actions had

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battle over his appointment to the rank of major general, which was finally confirmed on March 19, 1904. This drove him to seek military laurels in order to shore up his lack of field experience, sometimes leading the Provincial army on punitive expeditions over minor incidents that would have been

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In addition to the executive branch, under the governor, the province also had a legislative branch: the Moro Council. This Council "consisted of the governor, a state attorney, a secretary, a treasurer, a superintendent of schools, and an engineer." Although the governor appointed all of the other

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issued a proclamation declaring an end to the Philippine Insurrection and a cessation of hostilities in the Philippines "except in the country inhabited by the Moro tribes, to which this proclamation does not apply." Later that month, Davis was promoted and replaced Chaffee as the supreme commander

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Abdul Hamid wrote the letter, which was sent to Mecca where two Sulu chiefs brought it home to Sulu. It was successful, and the "Sulu Mohammedans ... refused to join the insurrectionists and had placed themselves under the control of army, thereby recognizing American sovereignty." John P. Finley

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proved to be of no impediment since Moro juramentado warriors managed to surge directly through it even as it ripped at their flesh and even as they were shot repeatedly with bullets. The Moros used barongs to inflict injuries upon American soldiers. Moros under Jikiri managed to survive in a cave

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The American general Leonard Wood responsible for the massacre of 900 Moro children, women and men at Bud Dajo was congratulated for his actions by US President Theodore Roosevelt who said "I congratulate you and the officers and men of your command upon the brilliant feat of arms, wherein you and

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The Americans, unaware of a long history of internecine Moro feuding which could have moved one Moro group to attack American troops friendly with another group, sent an intermediary to open talks with a local group. Also unknown to the Americans, the leader of that group had a personal dislike of

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Leonard Wood (former Moro Province governor) disagreed with this plan, stating that the move was ill-timed and that the Moros would hide their best arms, turning in only their worst. Pershing waited until roads into the interior had been completed, so that government troops could protect disarmed

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was created, which included "all of the territory of the Philippines lying south of the eight parallel of latitude, excepting the island of Palawan and the eastern portion of the northwest peninsula of Mindanao." The province had a civil government, but many civil service positions, including the

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After due consideration of these facts, the Sultan, as Caliph caused a message to be sent to the Mohammedans of the Philippine Islands forbidding them to enter into any hostilities against the Americans, inasmuch as no interference with their religion would be allowed under American rule. As the

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By 1913, Pershing agreed that the Moro Province needed to transition to civil government. This was prompted by the Moro's personalistic approach to government, which was based on personal ties rather than a respect for an abstract office. To the Moros, a change of administration meant not just a

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to Marawi. Although never officially declared one, like Pershing, he was regarded as a Datu by the Moros. Because of the Lake Lanao Moros' very personalistic style of leadership, they had troubles seeing them as two officers in the same army. Instead, they saw them as two powerful chieftains who

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The expeditionary force built in Camp Vickers one mile south of Pandapatan, and Davis assigned Pershing to Baldwin's command as an intelligence officer and as director of Moro affairs. As director, 'Black Jack' Pershing had a veto over Baldwin's movements, which was an unstable arrangement. This

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Law enforcement in the Moro Province was difficult. Outlaws would go to ground at their home cottas, requiring an entire troop of police or soldiers to arrest them. There was always the danger of a full-fledged battle breaking out during such an arrest, and this led to many known outlaws going

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replaced General Wood as the commander of the Department of Mindanao-Jolo, and replaced him as governor of Moro Province sometime after the First Battle of Bud Dajo. Bliss' tenure is regarded as a "peace era", and Bliss launched no punitive expeditions during his term in office. However, this

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assumed his position as the governor of Moro Province and commander of the Department of Mindanao-Jolo. Wood was somewhat heavy-handed in his dealing with the Moros, being "personally offended by the Moro propensity for blood feuds, polygamy, and human trafficking" and with his "ethnocentrism

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The Moro Exchange system was retained and was supplemented by Industrial Trading Stations. These stations operated in the interior, where merchants seldom went, and bought any non-perishable goods the Moros wished to sell. The stations also sold goods to the Moros at fair prices, preventing

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was shot dozens of times before he was killer, however, other accounts suggest that he survived and was cared for by his relative, Panglima Bandahala ibn Sattiya Munoh, a trusted adviser and close family member of the Sultan. As a result, Americans elected to phase out the .38 caliber

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often took more than one year. Pershing expanded the jurisdiction of the local ward courts, which were presided over by the district governors and secretaries, to include most civil cases and all criminal cases except for capital offenses. The Court of First Instance became the

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had been left to Moro laws and customs, with Philippine laws only applying to disputes with Christians. This led to a double standard, with a Moro who killed a Christian facing a stiff prison sentence, but with a Moro who killed another Moro facing only a maximum fine of 150

2123:. Wood attempted to codify Moro law, but there was simply too much variance in laws and customs between the different tribes and even between neighboring cottas. Wood placed the Moros underneath the Philippine criminal code, but actual enforcement of this proved difficult. 2318:

Labor contract law was reformed in 1912. Defaults on contracts by workers or employers were no longer punishable unless there was intent to defraud or injure. Moros, unused to Western notions of work, were prone to absenteeism, which could lead to breach of contract

1686:, is considered by current Moro leaders as part of the four centuries-long "national liberation movement" of the Bangsamoro (Moro Nation). This conflict persisted and developed into their current war for independence against the Philippine state. A "culture of 2134:

Trade was encouraged in order to give the Moros an alternative to fighting. Trade had been discouraged by banditry, piracy, and the possibility of intertribal disputes between Moro merchants and local customers. When trading with foreign merchants (usually

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did not mention the Ottoman Empire's role in the pacification of the Sulu Moros in his address to the first session of the Fifty-sixth Congress in December 1899 since the agreement with the Sultan of Sulu was not submitted to the Senate until December 18.

1995:. A command the size of Camp Vickers would normally have gone to an officer with the rank of major, and a careful shuffling of personnel would be required to ensure that reinforcements to the Camp did not include officers that were senior to Pershing. 2625:

in the Philippines telling them to submit to American suzerainty and American military rule. Despite the sultan's "pan-Islamic" ideology, he readily aided the American forces because he felt no need to cause hostilities between the West and Muslims.

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set out to settle matters with the south-shore Moros. Although an excellent officer, Baldwin was "eager", and a worried Davis joined the expedition as an observer. On May 2, 1902, Baldwin's expedition attacked a Moro cotta (fortress) at the

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they so well upheld the honor of the American flag." After being hit with dozens of rifle and pistol bullets, Moros continued to fight and kill US soldiers with their bladed weapons. The Moros' tenacity led to the creation of the

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were used by Moros in fierce close-quarters combat against the Americans. Muskets were also used by the Moros. The Moros employed bayonets at close range when shooting was not possible according to the American journal

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forces in the southern Philippines were commanded by General Nicolas Capistrano, and American forces conducted an expedition against him in the winter of 1900–1901. On March 27, 1901, Capistrano surrendered. General

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12 Prose Writers: Francis Bacon, Jonathan Swift, William Hazlitt, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Matthew Arnold, Mark Twain, E.M. Forster, Aldous Huxley, James Thurber, George Orwell, Mary McCarthy [and] James

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in small detachments throughout the interior. This reduced crime and promoted agriculture and trade, at the cost of reduced military efficiency and troop training. The benefits of this reform outweighed the

1948:. Three days later, an 18-man cavalry detachment in the same area was ambushed by Moros and one of their number killed. On March 30, another American was hacked to death by Moros outside the nearby port of 2450:

of political power over territories within the Philippines, resulting in the dissolution of the Sulu Sultanate and the United States now having complete, uncontested control over the Philippine Islands.

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had been captured a few days earlier captured in Luzon. This major victory in the war in the north allowed the Americans to devote more resources to the south, and they began to push into Moroland.

2588:. Americans were even charged at by Moros using spears. Moros fought to the death against Americans armed with rifles and artillery while they themselves used only kalises at the crater battle. 2111:. This registration poll tax was highly unpopular with the Moros, since they interpreted it as a form of tribute. According to Hurley, participation in the Cedula was very low as late as 1933. 4048: 2035:

might become rivals. During Pershing's March Around Lake Lanao, one Moro ran to Bullard, exclaiming that Pershing had gone Juramentado, meaning berserk and that Bullard had better run up the

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Some of the Moros fighting against the American troops were women who dressed exactly the same as men. This led to the song sung by American troops called "If a Lady's Wearin' Pantaloons".

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Pershing recognized the practice of sacopy – indentured servitude in exchange for support and protection – as legitimate, but reaffirmed the government's opposition to involuntary slavery.

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1902, and Prior to January 1, 1914, in the Armed Forces Engaged in Actual Hostilities in Certain Specified Areas on the Philippine Islands, and to Their Dependents. March 20 and 22, 1945

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In March of 1902, relations between American troops and the Moros seemed to be good. However, on March 9, an American soldier was killed by unidentified assailants. outside the port of

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tells the story of Colonel Alexander Rodgers using pigs to subdue the Moros in the Philippines. Hurley wrote that Rodgers was known as "the Pig" to the Moros. And another Hurley book

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the intermediary. The intermediary was told that Americans were intent on proselytizing the Moros away from Islam and taking their lands. The Americans viewed this as defiance.

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into the vast interior regions. After a series of unsuccessful attempts during the centuries of Spanish rule in the Philippines, Spanish forces occupied the abandoned city of

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Following the American occupation of the Northern Philippines during 1899, Spanish forces in the Southern Philippines were abolished, and they retreated to the garrisons at

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as Dr. Bill Canavan threatens to bury a captive Moro in a pigskin so to prevent the Moro from entering paradise upon death; this scene was censored from the movie during

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members of the council, this body was permanent and provided a more solid foundation for laws than the fiats of the governor, which might be overturned by his successor.

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better handled diplomatically by the district governors. The period of Wood's governorship had the hardest and bloodiest fighting of America's occupation of Moroland.

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if they stayed out of the Philippine–American War. This allowed Brigadier General John C. Bates to concentrate his forces on repressing the Filipino resistance in

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on March 29, 1911, after further weapon testing during the rebellion, beginning over 70 years of service by the pistol and cartridge in the US military.

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Novels have been written describing juramentados deliberately impaling themselves on their bayonets in attempts to reach and kill American soldiers.

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The province was divided into five districts, with American officers serving as district governors and deputy governors. These districts included:

403: 5206: 2494: 4977: 4883: 3797: 1610: 2769: 2418:. On September 8, 1911, Executive Order No. 24, which ordered the disarmament, was issued. The deadline for disarmament was December 1, 1911. 5832: 1441: 1433: 3316: 1400: 1273: 1222: 2982: 3360: 2521: 2458:

During the Moro Rebellion, the Americans suffered losses amounting to 130 killed and 323 wounded. Another 500 or so died of disease. The

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been taken by individual commanders in the past, but Wood's edict had the backing of the Moro Council, giving it more permanent weight.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Invalid Pensions; United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs (1945).

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sometimes him to impose American concepts too quickly in Moroland." In addition to his views of the Moros, Wood also faced an uphill

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causing 60 Filipino soldiers to cower in fear, which was protested by Philippine President Manuel Quezon. In one scene of the movie,

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Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar

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Beginning in the spring of 1904 and continuing into the fall of 1905, American forces conducted a lengthy and massive manhunt for

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and American colonization. The Moro areas of Western Mindanao have been the most rebellious areas in the Philippines along with

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and Jolo. American forces took control over the Spanish government in Jolo on May 18, 1899, and at Zamboanga in December 1899.

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Moros from holdouts. He conferred with the Datus, who mostly agreed that disarmament would be a good idea – provided that

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swords against US troops with pistols, bolt-action rifles, pump-action shotguns, machine guns, and mountain artillery.

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Wood's march around Lake Lanao during the fall of 1903 was an abortive attempt to replicate Pershing's earlier March.

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https://web.archive.org/web/20120522073018/http://www.morolandhistory.com/Home%20Page/Home%20Page%20content.htm

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took the "only good Indian is a dead Indian" mentality with them to the Philippines, and "civilize 'em with a

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Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

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in favor of .45 caliber sidearms to continue their fight against the Moros. This led to a re-issuing of old

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was fought from March 5 to 7, 1906. An estimated 600 Muslims were killed, fighting a force of 800 Americans.

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The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State

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in 1910. Smith participated in expeditions against the Moro rebels for much of his time in the Philippines.

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of American forces in the Philippines. Command of the Mindanao-Jolo Department went to Brigadier General

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Cast in Deathless Bronze: Andrew Rowan, the Spanish–American War, and the Origins of American Empire

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as bloodthirsty raiders oppressing the local Christian Filipino community. The film showed one Moro

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On the Moro side, casualties were high as surrender was uncommon when Moros were engaged in combat.

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The economy of Moro Province continued to expand under Pershing. The three most important exports –

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Tin Pan Alley and the Philippines: American Songs of War and Love, 1898–1946: a Resource Guide

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suffered heavily as well with more than 1,500 losses sustained of which half were fatalities.

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Pershing promised to donate government land for purposes of building Muslim houses of worship.

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who augmented American forces during the campaign suffered 116 killed and 189 wounded. The

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The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle, 1902–1913

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Resistance to disarmament was particularly fierce in the district of Jolo and led to the

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In October and November 1903, Wood personally led the Provincial Army to put down the

1718: 1690:" emerged among the Moros due to the centuries-long war against the Spanish invaders. 5590: 5527: 5174: 5155: 5126: 5116: 5099: 5089: 5082: 5068: 5058: 5037: 5027: 5010: 5000: 4913: 4860: 4843: 4833: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4723: 4699: 4619: 4592: 4565: 4538: 4511: 4433: 4406: 4379: 4352: 4325: 4242: 4215: 4163: 4032: 3969: 3760: 3733: 3688: 3661: 3634: 3608: 3581: 3554: 3527: 3497: 3478:

These are merely estimates, because no firm number of Moro dead was ever established.

3467: 3434: 3375: 3322: 3101: 3070: 3039: 2459: 2285: 961: 939: 549: 489: 165: 3798:"America Past and Present Online – Mark Twain, "Incident in the Philippines" (1924)" 3298:"Bearers of the Sword Radical Islam, Philippines Insurgency, and Regional Stability" 1862:

Not all of Davis' subordinates were as diplomatic as Pershing. Many veterans of the

5435: 4263:"The battles of Bud Dahu and Bud Bagsak: Monuments to Tausug heroism and martyrdom" 3457: 3263: 2715: 2640: 2559: 2415: 2269: 2257: 2171: 2136: 2064: 2004: 1852: 1837: 1303: 1248: 1190: 1135: 1090: 1060: 1021: 670: 568: 364: 354: 233: 221: 83: 5024:

The General: Robert L. Bullard and Officership in the United States Army 1881–1925

3910: 3342: 5552: 5430: 5420: 5395: 5370: 5248: 5201: 4907: 4783: 4763: 4505: 4157: 4130: 4109: 4088: 3684:

In time of hesitation: American Anti-Imperialists and the Philippine–American War

3604:

Understanding U.S. Military Conflicts through Primary Sources [4 volumes]

3491: 3445:

By the end of the operation the estimated 600 Muslims in Bud Daju were wiped out.

3392: 3185: 3095: 3064: 2917: 2788: 2687: 2546: 2229: 2164: 1481: 971: 904: 738: 573: 484: 359: 244: 210: 5213:

Imperial historicism and American military rule in the Philippines' Muslim south

4978:"'Like a mad tiger': fighting Islamic warriors in the Philippines 100 years ago" 2910: 2241: 19:

This article is about the Moro–American conflict. For the earlier conflict, see

5542: 5415: 5319: 3889: 3870: 2669: 2622: 2611: 2603: 2566:

as the M1917). This contributed to the development and adoption of the .45 ACP

2542: 2481: 2249: 1737: 1714: 1466: 1095: 991: 539: 4744: 3756:

Mark Twain and the Three R's: Race, Religion, Revolution – And Related Matters

2272:

assumed his duties as the third and final military governor of Moro Province.

1987:

arrangement was tested when survivors of Pandapatan began building a Cotta at

1670:

have a 400-year history of resisting foreign rule. The violent armed struggle

5736: 5512: 5365: 4917: 4847: 4639:

George Hubbard Blakeslee; Granville Stanley Hall; Harry Elmer Barnes (1915).

4238:

Encyclopedia of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: A New Era of Modern Warfare

2710: 2618: 2473: 2407:

Six weeks before putting his disarmament plan into action, Pershing informed

2339: 2095:

Wood instituted many changes during his tenure as governor of Moro Province:

2068: 2040: 1975: 1848:

be disarmed. Polite reminders of America's anti-slavery policy were allowed.

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U.S. Army Counterinsurgency & Contingency Operations Doctrine: 1860–1941

3829: 2886: 2830: 5340: 5130: 5041: 5014: 4049:"Trump said to study General Pershing. Here's what the president got wrong" 3657:

America Through the Eyes of Its People: Primary Sources in American History

2683: 2567: 2213: 2115: 2108: 2075: 1960: 1766:

After the war in 1915, the Americans imposed the Carpenter Treaty on Sulu.

1722: 1702: 1006: 986: 805: 199: 5103: 5072: 4429:

Swish of the Kris, the Story of the Moros, Authorized and Enhanced Edition

2292:

The legal system was streamlined. Previously, trials had started with the

1757:

guaranteed the Sultanate's autonomy in its internal affairs and governance

395: 5699: 5646: 5522: 5455: 5405: 5390: 3493:

Honor for the Flag: The Battle of Bud Dajo – 1906 & the Moro Massacre

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In order to extend rule of law into the interior, Pershing stationed the

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In the spring of 1904, Wood destroyed or captured 130 cottas during the

2114:

The legal code of Moroland was reformed. Disputes between Moros and non-

5400: 4943: 3517: 3343:"If a Lady's Wearin' Pantaloons sheet music for Treble Clef Instrument" 3217: 2857: 2653: 2551: 2205: 2060: 2036: 2016: 1908: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1804: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1710: 1486: 1323: 1001: 5053:

Bliss, Peacemaker: The Life and Letters of General Tasker Howard Bliss

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Invalid Pensions (1945).

2983:"Causes of Conflict between Christians and Muslims in the Philippines" 2280:

Pershing enacted the following reforms during his tenure as governor:

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The ethnic Moro population of the southern Philippines resisted both

1675: 1140: 1075: 743: 5115:. Vol. 1. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. 1883: 1779: 5217: 4375:

Jungle Patrol, the Story of the Philippine Constabulary (1901–1936)

3812:""Comments on the Moro Massacre" – Samuel Clemens (March 12, 1906)" 2599: 2580: 2555: 2178: 2056: 1992: 1974:

The Moros being not compliant, a punitive expedition under Colonel

1949: 1461: 976: 951: 919: 899: 854: 790: 662: 255: 79: 3430:

The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898T1934: An Encyclopedia

1955:

These ambushes of American troops by Moros, one of which involved

4031:, pp. 284–285 Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. 2563: 2430: 2217: 2020: 1988: 1050: 1011: 869: 310: 3380:. Desmond FitzGerald, Incorporated – via Internet Archive. 2167:, which was led by the most powerful datu on the island of Jolo. 1936: 4458:. United States Field Artillery Association. 1942. p. 799. 4425: 4126:"The Next President of the Philippines Could Be 'the Punisher'" 3097:

Colorado's Volunteer Infantry in the Philippine Wars, 1898–1899

2331: 2301: 2236: 2031: 1856: 894: 889: 879: 3779: 2537:

In the Moro Rebellion, the Tausug Moro Muslim juramentados in

2223: 5151:

Guardians of Empire: The U.S. Army and the Pacific, 1902–1940

4159:

How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States

3600: 2485: 2477: 2327: 2156:

Major military campaigns during Wood's governorship include:

2026:

While Pershing was working to the south of Lake Lanao, Major

1760: 1698: 1687: 981: 3983:

A compilation of the diary of Rear Admiral D. P. Mannix III.

3100:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 198. 2395:

unpunished. In 1911, Pershing resolved to disarm the Moros.

2351:

Pershing wrote the following in his autobiography about the

4719:

War and American Popular Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia

3852:"Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 1: an electronic text" 2735: 2662:

The Jungle Patrol: The Story of the Philippine Constabulary

2602:, the American Secretary of State, asked the ambassador to 2387: 2323: 2131:

the schools, but some offered buildings for use as schools.

2120: 884: 666: 4745:"Western Movies Full Length The Real Glory War Drama 1939" 4084:"The Real Story Behind Donald Trump's Pig's Blood Slander" 4066:"Study Pershing, Trump Said. But the Story Doesn't Add Up" 2090: 3573: 3035:

Wanted Dead or Alive: Manhunts from Geronimo to Bin Laden

2558:

M1873 Peacemaker revolvers and later the issuance of the

3630:

Documents in United States History: Since Reconstruction

3014: 2664:

also relates the story of pigs being used against them.

657:, and saw the US move to impose its authority over the 2543:

charge against American soldiers even after being shot

2296:, which convened every six months, and appeals to the 2107:

The Cedula Act of 1903 created an annual registration

5084:

Guerrilla Warrior: The Early Life of John J. Pershing

4813:(Eighth ed.). Quezon City: Garotech Publishing. 3406: 3404: 3402: 3069:. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 68. 2579:

under machine gun fire and Colt gunfire. Kalises and

16:

1902–1913 uprising during the Philippine-American War

2931:"A Brief History of America and the Moros 1899–1920" 2574:

Bud Dajo against Major General Lenard Wood in 1906.

2515:

Three Moro rebels being hanged in Jolo, 21 July 1911

2362:

of heaven sometimes deterred the would-be assassins.

1733:

which signaled the end of the Spanish–American War.

4479: 2667:Hurley wrote the screenplay for the Hollywood film 5113:Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing 5081: 5050: 4806: 4493:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 37–38. 3680: 2532: 4942:. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. Archived from 4715: 4632: 4534:Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty 4503: 4234: 4207: 4028:My Life Before the World War, 1860–1917: A Memoir 3577:Voices of a People's History of the United States 3550:Delphi Complete Works of Mark Twain (Illustrated) 3523:Delphi Complete Works of Mark Twain (Illustrated) 3463:My Life before the World War, 1860–1917: A Memoir 3426: 2614:to request that the Sultan write a letter to the 1769: 5734: 4419: 3707: 3594: 3489: 3456: 3222:. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. Archived from 2862:. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. Archived from 2436: 2366:Though this treatment was inflicted on captured 2019:region and was regarded with dismay by the Moro 58:American soldiers battling against Moro fighters 4931:. Vol. 2. New York: Harper & Brothers. 4677:. Academy of Political Science. 1904. pp. 4584: 3031: 2127:district governments in order to prevent fraud. 2030:was working to the north, building a road from 1940:Map of Basilan during the American colonial era 4742: 4462: 3773: 3729:A Pen Warmed-Up in Hell: Mark Twain in Protest 3567: 2799: 2797: 2527:Three Moro rebels hanged in Jolo, 21 July 1911 641:(1902–1913) was an armed conflict between the 5233: 4709: 4530: 3968:. Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 164. 3886:"Comments on the Moro Massacre by Mark Twain" 3826:"Comments on the Moro Massacre by Mark Twain" 3674: 3653: 3466:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 386. 3018:Perang di Jalan Allah: Perang Aceh, 1873–1912 2686:due to the Moros being US allies against the 2208:condemned the American massacre at Bud Dajo. 1647: 411: 326: 3633:. Pearson/Prentice Hall. 2004. p. 431. 3008: 2803: 2237:Governorship of John J. Pershing (1909–1913) 2100:States assumed direct control over Moroland. 2011:celebration had 700 guests from neighboring 5057:. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press. 4722:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 187. 4611: 4561:Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era 3647: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3188:. MSC Institute of Technology. July 4, 1902 2794: 2224:Governorship of Tasker H. Bliss (1906–1909) 425: 5240: 5226: 4591:. Oxford University Press. pp. 235–. 4578: 4497: 4426:Vic Hurley; Christopher L. Harris (2010). 4371: 4365: 4321:Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor 3752: 3725: 3715:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 161. 3701: 3546: 3516: 3483: 1654: 1640: 418: 404: 333: 319: 4912:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1902. 4801: 4696:Swish of the Kris: The Story of the Moros 4605: 4557: 4524: 4398: 4155: 3780:Mark Twain; Albert Bigelow Paine (1925). 3746: 3719: 3540: 2741: 1924:Learn how and when to remove this message 1820:Learn how and when to remove this message 1106:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization 5110: 4924: 4661:. Clark University. 1915. pp. 358–. 4351:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 29–. 4344: 4123: 4081: 3908: 3601:James R. Arnold; Roberta Wiener (2015). 3256: 3244: 3214:"18. The Formation of the Moro Province" 3200: 2658:Swish of the Kris The Story of the Moros 2594: 2377: 2268:On November 11, 1909, Brigadier General 2240: 1935: 5021: 4997:Armed Progressive: General Leonard Wood 4564:. Universal-Publishers. pp. 405–. 4551: 4392: 4156:Immerwahr, Daniel (February 19, 2019). 4102: 4041: 4019: 4007:from the original on September 27, 2012 3058: 2228:On February 1, 1906, Brigadier General 2091:Province under Leonard Wood (1903–1906) 1855:, assigned to the American garrison at 845:Historically documented states/polities 5778:History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 5735: 5088:. New York: Charles Scribener's Sons. 5079: 5048: 4999:. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press. 4935: 4854: 4827: 4642:The Journal of International Relations 4348:The Shahids: Islam and Suicide Attacks 4311: 4058: 3963: 3580:. Seven Stories Press. pp. 248–. 3410: 3373: 3361:"abc – If a Lady's Wearin' Pantaloons" 3284: 3257:Bacevich, Andrew J. (March 12, 2006). 3211: 3168: 3152: 3120: 3038:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 73–74. 2851: 2804:Dphrepaulezz, Omar H. (June 5, 2013). 2753: 2586:The Field Artillery Journal, Volume 32 1843:On August 31, 1901, Brigadier General 305:Heavy; official casualties are unknown 23:. For the post-colonial conflict, see 5721:Military history of African Americans 5221: 4873: 4144: 4082:Berenson, Tessa (February 24, 2016). 3314: 3021:. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. p. 130. 2995: 2647: 399: 314: 5833:Rebellions against the United States 5247: 5168: 5144: 5026:. Westport, Conn.: Greenward Press. 4994: 4975: 4743:Ignacio Farmer (February 21, 2015). 4405:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 44–. 4338: 3574:Howard Zinn; Anthony Arnove (2011). 3089: 3066:The United States Marines: A History 2822: 2373: 1965:military governor of the Philippines 1906:adding citations to reliable sources 1877: 1851:One of Davis' subordinates, Captain 1802:adding citations to reliable sources 1773: 4906: 4293:"Colt New Army & Navy Revolver" 4124:Campbell, Charlie (April 7, 2016). 4103:Elegant, Simon (October 27, 2003). 3866:"Novelist Kurt Vonnegut Dies at 84" 3553:. Delphi Classics. pp. 3777–. 3390: 3136: 2610:in 1899 to approach Ottoman Sultan 1743: 13: 5276: 5195:Battles of Bud Dajo and Bud Bagsak 5173:. West Virginia University Press. 4716:M. Paul Holsinger (January 1999). 4645:. Clark University. pp. 358–. 4618:. Lexington Books. pp. 397–. 4317: 3992: 3911:"A Long-buried War with the Moros" 3687:. New Day Publishers. p. 67. 705: 340: 14: 5849: 5188: 4432:. Cerberus Books. pp. 210–. 4378:. Cerberus Books. pp. 319–. 3526:. Delphi Classics. p. 3819. 2185:, the Simpetan massacre, and the 2074:On August 6, 1903, Major General 1046:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi 759:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens 5828:Wars involving the United States 5798:History of Maguindanao del Norte 5169:Rice, Donald Tunnicliff (2016). 4874:Byler, Charles (May–June 2005). 4510:. Free Press, Inc. p. 238. 4324:. DK Publishing. pp. 290–. 4184:"Capt. McElderry Dies of Wounds" 3732:. Harper & Row. p. 97. 3393:"IF A LADY'S WEARIN' PANTALOONS" 3015:Ibrahim Alfian (Teuku.) (1987). 2520: 2508: 2493: 2248:(far right), a recipient of the 1882: 1870:" became a similar catchphrase. 1778: 1623: 249: 238: 227: 215: 204: 193: 170: 159: 145: 131: 52: 4958: 4771: 4751: 4736: 4688: 4665: 4658:The Journal of Race Development 4649: 4537:. W. W. Norton. pp. 159–. 4446: 4285: 4269:. March 2, 2006. Archived from 4255: 4228: 4201: 4176: 4149: 4138: 4117: 4096: 4075: 4047:Horton, Alex (August 18, 2017) 3986: 3957: 3939: 3921: 3902: 3896: 3878: 3858: 3844: 3818: 3804: 3790: 3621: 3510: 3450: 3420: 3384: 3367: 3353: 3335: 3308: 3300:. June 21, 2012. Archived from 3290: 3278: 3250: 3238: 3178: 3083: 3052: 3025: 2989: 2975: 2949: 2923: 2884: 2854:"17. Mindanao and Sulu in 1898" 2828: 2533:Juramentados and stopping power 1893:needs additional citations for 1789:needs additional citations for 112:Department of Mindanao and Sulu 5803:History of Maguindanao del Sur 4809:History of the Filipino People 4295:. July 4, 2010. Archived from 4214:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 415–417. 3909:Derewicz, Mark (Winter 2006). 2904: 2878: 2845: 2775: 2763: 1770:Philippine–American War events 1452:2000 campaign against the MILF 957:Laguna Copperplate Inscription 811:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery 1: 5783:Rebellions in the Philippines 4976:Kolb, Richard K. (May 2002). 4759:"Cinema: Goldwyn's Filipinos" 4162:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 4064:Qiu, Linda (August 18, 2017) 3964:Mannix, Daniel P. IV (1983). 3786:. Gabriel Wells. p. 187. 3759:. Bobbs-Merrill. p. 20. 2723: 2453: 2437:Transition to civil authority 1116:Battles of La Naval de Manila 676: 46:Philippine–American War 5263:United States Colored Troops 3995:"American Military Strategy" 3321:. Rowman & Littlefield. 2151: 2023:inhabitants of that region. 967:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik 7: 5111:Vandiver, Frank E. (1977). 5049:Palmer, Frederick (1970) . 4674:Political Science Quarterly 4455:The Field Artillery Journal 3681:Roger J. Bresnahan (1981). 3259:"What happened at Bud Dajo" 2694: 2568:M1911 semi-automatic pistol 2202:Incident in the Philippines 2187:Battle of the Malalag River 1998:On July 4, 1902, President 1873: 1457:2nd People Power Revolution 1447:1997 Asian financial crisis 1181:Declaration of Independence 70:May 3, 1902 – June 15, 1913 10: 5854: 5660:Second Battle of the Marne 5209:American Moro War History] 4925:Hagedorn, Hermann (1931). 4855:Birtle, Andrew J. (1998). 4779:"Cinema: The New Pictures" 4504:Teodoro M. Locsin (1994). 4235:Spencer C. Tucker (2013). 4208:Spencer C. Tucker (2009). 3947:"The Unstoppable Warriors" 3783:The Writings of Mark Twain 3427:Benjamin R. Beede (2013). 3092:"Civilize 'Em with a Krag" 3061:"Civilize 'Em with a Krag" 3059:Simmons, Edwin H. (2003). 2787:February 10, 2016, at the 2346: 2275: 1747: 1186:American capture of Manila 18: 5708: 5682: 5655:Third Battle of the Aisne 5645: 5617: 5599: 5561: 5473: 5464: 5318: 5287: 5274: 5255: 5022:Millett, Alan R. (1975). 4928:Leonard Wood: A Biography 4828:Arnold, James R. (2011). 4241:. ABC-CLIO. p. 371. 3708:Burton L. Cooper (1967). 3607:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1–. 3490:Robert A. Fulton (2011). 3433:. Routledge. p. 74. 3331:– via Google Books. 3315:Walsh, Thomas P. (2013). 2701:Moros during World War II 2656:'s history of the Moros, 2545:. Panglima Hassan in the 2423:Second Battle of Bud Dajo 1066:Spanish capture of Manila 655:First Philippine Republic 437: 350: 274: 261: 186: 123: 62: 51: 39: 34: 5793:History of Lanao del Sur 5773:1910s in the Philippines 5768:1900s in the Philippines 5268:Bureau of Colored Troops 4909:Congressional Serial Set 4585:Kemal H. Karpat (2001). 3660:. Longman. p. 236. 3032:Benjamin Runkle (2011). 2996:Staff (March 15, 1904). 2957:"The Bates Mission 1899" 2810:(Doctoral Dissertations) 2502:First Battle of Bud Dajo 2194:First Battle of Bud Dajo 2046:Bureau of Indian Affairs 1526:Administrative divisions 1241:American colonial period 1161:Republic of Biak-na-Bato 997:Butuan Silver Paleograph 982:Batanes Ijang fortresses 925:Sultanate of Maguindanao 796:Cordillera Rice Terraces 299:Philippine Constabulary: 104:Total annexation of the 86:(today part of southern 5763:1899 in the Philippines 5665:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5627:Pancho Villa Expedition 5601:Philippine–American War 5310:25th Infantry Regiment 5200:April 23, 2011, at the 5080:Smythe, Donald (1973). 4887:: 41–45. Archived from 3090:Hunt, Geoffrey (2006). 2916:April 13, 2013, at the 2852:Hurley, Victor (1936). 2464:Philippine Constabulary 2447:Francis Burton Harrison 2294:Court of First Instance 2256:with Brigadier General 2254:Philippine Constabulary 1845:George Whitefield Davis 1725:instead of an outright 1421:People Power Revolution 1201:Philippine–American War 1035:Spanish colonial period 651:Philippine–American War 429:Philippine–American War 5690:Wham Paymaster Robbery 5451:William Othello Wilson 5305:24th Infantry Regiment 5281: 5146:Linn, Brian McAllister 4995:Lane, Jack C. (1978). 4963:. PhilippineUpdate.com 4531:Mustafa Akyol (2011). 4025:Pershing, John (2013) 3654:Bruce Borland (1997). 3374:Runyon, Damon (1911). 3247:, p. 14, Volume 2 2833:. PhilippineUpdate.com 2637: 2412:William Cameron Forbes 2391: 2364: 2265: 2252:, as commander of the 2218:.45 caliber cartridges 1941: 1630:Philippines portal 1606:Science and technology 1223:UST Baybayin Documents 1171:Treaty of Paris (1898) 749:Austronesian expansion 734:Early hominin activity 710: 647:United States military 288:~500 dead from disease 187:Commanders and leaders 5563:Spanish–American War 5351:George Ritter Burnett 5300:10th Cavalry Regiment 5280: 4803:Agoncillo, Teodoro A. 4787:. September 25, 1939. 4402:Pershing: A Biography 3892:on December 28, 2005. 2706:Spanish–Moro conflict 2632: 2595:Ottoman Empire's role 2472:Tausug fighters used 2381: 2359: 2244: 1939: 1684:against the Filipinos 1551:Cultural achievements 1375:Filipino First policy 1365:Mutual Defense Treaty 1319:Philippine resistance 1151:Philippine Revolution 1111:Spanish–Moro conflict 1101:Revolts and uprisings 987:Golden Tara of Agusan 709: 275:Casualties and losses 177:Maguindanao Sultanate 21:Spanish–Moro conflict 5838:Insurgencies in Asia 5813:History of Tawi-Tawi 5670:Oise-Aisne Offensive 5475:American Indian Wars 5426:William H. Thompkins 5295:9th Cavalry Regiment 4936:Hurley, Vic (1936). 4832:. Bloomsbury Press. 4747:– via YouTube. 4683:Straus Sulu Ottoman. 4612:Moshe Yegar (2002). 3933:Green Dragon Society 3377:The Tents of Trouble 3212:Hurley, Vic (1936). 2427:Battle of Bud Bagsak 2384:Battle of Bud Bagsak 2307:court of last resort 1981:Battle of Pandapatan 1902:improve this article 1864:American Indian Wars 1798:improve this article 1721:version described a 1707:punitive expeditions 1680:against the Japanese 1611:World Heritage Sites 1477:Territorial disputes 1380:North Borneo dispute 1370:Hukbalahap Rebellion 1334:Philippines campaign 1329:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1309:Battle of Corregidor 1284:Tydings–McDuffie Act 1176:Battle of Manila Bay 1166:Spanish–American War 774:Precolonial barangay 669:and the neighboring 5331:Edward L. Baker Jr. 5154:. UNC Press Books. 4694:Vic Hurley (2010) 4372:Vic Hurley (2011). 4053:The Washington Post 3753:Mark Twain (1973). 3726:Mark Twain (1979). 3547:Mark Twain (2013). 2744:, pp. 247–297. 2552:Colt M1892 revolver 2397:Army Chief of Staff 1672:against the Spanish 1472:Philippine drug war 1434:Contemporary period 1401:Communist rebellion 1299:Japanese occupation 1264:Military Government 1218:Doctrina Christiana 1126:Propaganda Movement 1081:Spanish East Indies 1071:Battle of Bangkusay 1017:Magellan expedition 935:Sultanates of Lanao 930:Sultanate of Buayan 181:Sultanates of Lanao 42:post-war insurgency 5823:Rebellions in Asia 5788:History of Basilan 5714:United States Army 5695:Brownsville Affair 5356:Louis H. Carpenter 5282: 4990:on August 5, 2004. 4961:"The Bates Treaty" 4767:. August 28, 1939. 4558:Idris Bal (2004). 4399:Jim Lacey (2008). 4188:The New York Times 4070:The New York Times 3993:Miller, Daniel G. 3002:The New York Times 2887:"The Bates Treaty" 2831:"The Bates Treaty" 2648:In popular culture 2392: 2266: 2246:Cornelius C. Smith 2183:Battle of Siranaya 2028:Robert Lee Bullard 2000:Theodore Roosevelt 1942: 1750:Kiram–Bates Treaty 1713:, the seat of the 1274:Insular Government 1259:Zamboanga Republic 1156:Tejeros Convention 1146:Cry of Pugad Lawin 1131:1872 Cavite mutiny 839:Precolonial period 779:Maritime Silk Road 754:Angono Petroglyphs 726:Prehistoric period 711: 601:Cagayan de Misamis 291:Philippine Scouts: 152:Insular Government 106:Philippine Islands 5748:Conflicts in 1899 5730: 5729: 5678: 5677: 5528:Victorio Campaign 5488:Texas–Indian wars 5180:978-1-943665-43-3 5161:978-0-8078-4815-9 4939:Swish of the Kris 4839:978-1-60819-024-9 4729:978-0-313-29908-7 4704:978-061-538-242-5 4625:978-0-7391-0356-2 4598:978-0-19-513618-0 4571:978-1-58112-423-1 4544:978-0-393-07086-6 4517:978-971-91399-0-4 4507:Trial & error 4439:978-0-615-38242-5 4412:978-0-230-61270-9 4385:978-0-9834756-2-0 4358:978-1-4128-3892-4 4331:978-0-7566-4219-8 4248:978-1-61069-280-9 4221:978-1-85109-952-8 4169:978-0-374-71512-0 3975:978-0-02-579470-2 3951:The Pinoy Warrior 3766:978-0-672-51705-1 3739:978-0-06-090678-8 3694:978-0-686-32579-6 3667:978-0-673-97738-0 3640:978-0-13-150256-7 3614:978-1-61069-934-1 3587:978-1-58322-947-7 3560:978-1-908909-12-1 3533:978-1-908909-12-1 3503:978-0-9795173-2-7 3496:. Robert Fulton. 3473:978-0-8131-4198-5 3440:978-1-136-74691-8 3328:978-0-8108-8608-7 3304:on June 21, 2012. 3219:Swish of the Kris 3107:978-0-8263-3700-9 3076:978-1-55750-868-3 3045:978-0-230-33891-3 2891:Philippine Update 2859:Swish of the Kris 2500:Aftermath of the 2460:Philippine Scouts 2445:In October 1913, 2433:in October 1913. 2386:on the island of 2374:Surrender of arms 2286:Philippine Scouts 2214:Colt M1911 pistol 1934: 1933: 1926: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1664: 1663: 1511:Ancient religions 1492:COVID-19 pandemic 1347:Post-independence 1086:Captaincy General 962:Butuan Ivory Seal 940:Sultanate of Sulu 821:Prehistoric beads 634: 633: 393: 392: 309: 308: 166:Sultanate of Sulu 119: 118: 110:Formation of the 100:American victory 5845: 5586:San Juan Heights 5538:Bannock Uprising 5471: 5470: 5465:Notable battles 5436:George H. Wanton 5249:Buffalo Soldiers 5242: 5235: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5184: 5165: 5134: 5107: 5087: 5076: 5056: 5045: 5018: 4991: 4986:. Archived from 4972: 4970: 4968: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4946:on July 12, 2008 4932: 4921: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4894:on July 24, 2006 4893: 4880: 4870: 4859:. Diane Pub Co. 4851: 4824: 4812: 4789: 4788: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4713: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4153: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4079: 4073: 4062: 4056: 4045: 4039: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4006: 3999: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3953:. March 4, 2011. 3943: 3937: 3936: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3888:. Archived from 3882: 3876: 3875: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3828:. Archived from 3822: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3458:John J. Pershing 3454: 3448: 3447: 3424: 3418: 3408: 3397: 3396: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3264:The Boston Globe 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3226:on July 12, 2008 3209: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3166: 3160: 3150: 3144: 3134: 3128: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2959:. Archived from 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2937:on March 9, 2016 2933:. Archived from 2927: 2921: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2866:on July 12, 2008 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2801: 2792: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2716:Jabidah massacre 2641:William McKinley 2524: 2512: 2497: 2416:J. Franklin Bell 2409:Governor-General 2270:John J. Pershing 2258:John J. Pershing 2172:Battle of Taraca 2137:maritime Chinese 2005:Samuel S. Sumner 1929: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1886: 1878: 1853:John J. Pershing 1838:Emilio Aguinaldo 1825: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1782: 1774: 1744:Cause of the war 1656: 1649: 1642: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1360:Treaty of Manila 1304:Battle of Bataan 1249:Tagalog Republic 1191:Malolos Congress 1136:La Liga Filipina 1121:British invasion 1091:Tondo Conspiracy 1061:Blockade of Cebu 1022:Battle of Mactan 946:Events/Artifacts 849:(north to south) 785:Events/Artifacts 769:Sa Huỳnh culture 699: 681: 680: 671:Sulu Archipelago 432: 430: 420: 413: 406: 397: 396: 345: 335: 328: 321: 312: 311: 302:1,706 casualties 254: 253: 252: 243: 242: 241: 234:Jamalul Kiram II 232: 231: 230: 222:John J. Pershing 220: 219: 218: 209: 208: 207: 198: 197: 196: 175: 174: 173: 164: 163: 162: 150: 149: 148: 137: 135: 134: 84:Sulu Archipelago 64: 63: 56: 32: 31: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5808:History of Sulu 5758:1910s conflicts 5753:1900s conflicts 5733: 5732: 5731: 5726: 5704: 5674: 5641: 5613: 5595: 5557: 5553:Meeker Massacre 5466: 5460: 5431:Augustus Walley 5421:Freddie Stowers 5396:William McBryar 5371:Clinton Greaves 5323: 5314: 5283: 5272: 5251: 5246: 5202:Wayback Machine 5191: 5181: 5162: 5139:Further reading 5123: 5096: 5065: 5034: 5007: 4966: 4964: 4949: 4947: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4884:Military Review 4878: 4867: 4840: 4821: 4793: 4792: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4714: 4710: 4693: 4689: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4502: 4498: 4484: 4480: 4467: 4463: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4300: 4299:on July 4, 2010 4291: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4273:on May 26, 2012 4261: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4139: 4122: 4118: 4101: 4097: 4080: 4076: 4063: 4059: 4046: 4042: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3976: 3962: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3917:. UNC Research. 3907: 3903: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3832:on May 13, 2016 3824: 3823: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3724: 3720: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3615: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3409: 3400: 3389: 3385: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3313: 3309: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3210: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3167: 3163: 3151: 3147: 3135: 3131: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3030: 3026: 3013: 3009: 2994: 2990: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2963:on June 3, 2016 2955: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2918:Wayback Machine 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2795: 2789:Wayback Machine 2780: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2697: 2650: 2597: 2547:Hassan uprising 2539:suicide attacks 2535: 2528: 2525: 2516: 2513: 2504: 2498: 2456: 2439: 2376: 2349: 2342:during famines. 2278: 2262:Moro chieftains 2239: 2230:Tasker H. Bliss 2226: 2165:Hassan uprising 2154: 2093: 1930: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1899: 1887: 1876: 1826: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1795: 1783: 1772: 1752: 1746: 1731:Treaty of Paris 1660: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1556:Diet and health 1505: 1497: 1496: 1482:Siege of Marawi 1437: 1426: 1425: 1416:Fourth Republic 1396: 1385: 1384: 1350: 1339: 1338: 1314:Second Republic 1254:Negros Republic 1244: 1233: 1232: 1038: 1027: 1026: 972:Kabayan Mummies 842: 831: 830: 739:Homo luzonensis 729: 698:the Philippines 697: 690: 679: 635: 630: 611:Makahambus Hill 433: 428: 426: 424: 394: 389: 360:Hassan uprising 346: 341: 339: 301: 297: 295: 293: 289: 287: 285: 283: 250: 248: 247: 245:Panglima Hassan 239: 237: 236: 228: 226: 216: 214: 213: 211:Tasker H. Bliss 205: 203: 202: 194: 192: 179: 171: 169: 168: 160: 158: 146: 144: 132: 130: 91: 57: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5851: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5743:Moro Rebellion 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5609:Moro Rebellion 5605: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5543:Yaqui Uprising 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5493:Beecher Island 5490: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Moses Williams 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5416:Emanuel Stance 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5346:Benjamin Brown 5343: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5320:Medal of Honor 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5291: 5289: 5288:Original units 5285: 5284: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5190: 5189:External links 5187: 5186: 5185: 5179: 5166: 5160: 5136: 5135: 5121: 5108: 5094: 5077: 5063: 5046: 5032: 5019: 5005: 4992: 4973: 4956: 4933: 4922: 4904: 4871: 4865: 4852: 4838: 4825: 4820:978-9718711064 4819: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4770: 4750: 4735: 4728: 4708: 4698:Cerebus Corp. 4687: 4664: 4648: 4631: 4624: 4604: 4597: 4577: 4570: 4550: 4543: 4523: 4516: 4496: 4478: 4461: 4445: 4438: 4418: 4411: 4391: 4384: 4364: 4357: 4345:ShaÊ¾ul Shai. 4337: 4330: 4310: 4284: 4254: 4247: 4227: 4220: 4200: 4175: 4168: 4148: 4137: 4116: 4095: 4074: 4057: 4040: 4018: 3985: 3974: 3956: 3938: 3920: 3901: 3895: 3877: 3871:Democracy Now! 3857: 3843: 3817: 3803: 3789: 3772: 3765: 3745: 3738: 3718: 3700: 3693: 3673: 3666: 3646: 3639: 3620: 3613: 3593: 3586: 3566: 3559: 3539: 3532: 3509: 3502: 3482: 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against the 1662: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1651: 1644: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1576:Historiography 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1541:Communications 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1521:Queen consorts 1518: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1467:Oakwood mutiny 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1442:Fifth Republic 1438: 1436:(1986–present) 1432: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1355:Third Republic 1351: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269:Moro Rebellion 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1196:First Republic 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1096:Manila galleon 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Tomas 296:109 wounded 286:270 wounded 88:Philippines 5737:Categories 5619:Border War 5518:Wichita II 5508:North Fork 5401:Adam Paine 5361:John Denny 4145:Byler 2005 3518:Mark Twain 3347:8notes.com 3171:, p. 2814:August 11, 2756:, p. 2724:References 2654:Vic Hurley 2639:President 2454:Casualties 2404:disarmed. 2206:Mark Twain 2116:Christians 2037:white flag 2017:Lake Lanao 2013:rancherias 1748:See also: 1727:dependency 1711:Jolo, Sulu 1487:Bangsamoro 1393:Marcos era 1324:Hukbalahap 1002:Piloncitos 841:(900–1565) 677:Background 661:states in 530:Tirad Pass 505:San Isidro 475:Santa Cruz 385:Bud Bagsak 294:111 killed 284:130 killed 5498:Wichita I 5441:John Ward 4918:1931-2822 4848:664519655 4805:(1990) . 4011:April 25, 3915:Endeavors 2581:kampilans 2402:everybody 2152:Campaigns 2145:Singapore 2141:Hong Kong 1738:Zamboanga 1676:Americans 1581:Languages 1571:Geography 1561:Education 1546:Conflicts 1279:Jones Law 1207:Artifacts 1141:Katipunan 1076:New Spain 744:Tabon Man 728:(pre-900) 579:Balangiga 564:Balantang 535:San Mateo 480:Pagsanjan 450:San Roque 5683:See also 5632:Carrizal 5591:Santiago 5581:El Caney 5576:Tayacoba 5386:Fitz Lee 5198:Archived 5148:(1999). 4472:Hearings 4303:June 23, 4002:Archived 3520:(2013). 3460:(2013). 3137:GPO 1982 2914:Archived 2896:June 26, 2791:, p. 68. 2785:Archived 2772:, p. 24. 2695:See also 2688:Japanese 2600:John Hay 2556:.45 Colt 2179:Datu Ali 2109:poll tax 2057:Cotabato 1993:Malabang 1950:Malabang 1874:Conflict 1701:and the 1601:Politics 1591:Military 1586:Medicine 1504:By topic 1462:EDSA III 977:Baybayin 952:Maragtas 920:Sanmalan 900:Madja-as 855:Caboloan 791:Balangay 717:Timeline 687:a series 685:Part of 663:Mindanao 645:and the 616:Siranaya 595:Mindanao 515:Olongapo 495:Calumpit 262:Strength 256:Datu Ali 80:Mindanao 75:Location 5131:2645933 5042:1530541 5015:3415456 4277:May 26, 3929:"Moros" 3712:Baldwin 3141:485–486 2967:May 18, 2621:of the 2564:.45 ACP 2431:Talipao 2390:in 1913 2347:Tactics 2276:Reforms 2021:Maranao 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