Morgan le Fay - Knowledge

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Judaeo-Christian and classical traditions, to which Arthurian writers were also heir. Woman's evilness is linked with voracious female sexuality, felt to rob man of his dominance and reduce him to abject subjection. It is connected with an old awareness of the irrational and overwhelming nature of passionate desire, regarded as a supernatural force." According to Maureen Fries, "This character elaboration, incidentally coinciding with the growth of women-hatred in the latter Middle Ages, turns Morgan from a nurturing ruler of a sea-girt paradise into a destructive sorceress who entraps men sexually rather than healing them. (...) In spite of this murderous and adulterous career, Morgan retains her nurturing function as Arthur's conductress to Avalon after his wounding. But this 'good' Morgan is overshadowed by the ubiquitous 'bad' woman. She is the most extreme villain of Arthurian romance—even worse than the infamous Sir Breunz sans Pitié. Her gradual change (...) from a connector of life with healing, as mistress of Avalon, into a connector of death with illicit sex indicates the inability of male Arthurian authors to cope with the image of a woman of power in positive terms."

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indicates her origins in the greater body of water, the sea)". Fries wrote about this "fluid figure, always at least double and usually multiple in her manifestations": "Obviously the Lady has been retailored to represent the (mostly) nurturing side of the split mother-image, as Morgan has become the (mostly) devouring side. A combination of these split images appears in the figure of Nimue (also called Niniane and Viviane), who first serves as a devourer and then as a restorer of Arthurian males. Like her sister-avatar, she is called the Lady of the Lake. In a borrowing from Morgan's career, she has the besotted Merlin teach her his magic, but without yielding to him sexually. (...) But Nimue then becomes the devoted and influential friend of Arthurian society: she saves the King and his knights from Morgan's death-dealing (...) and emerges as one of the three (or more, depending on the work) queens who bear the King away to Avalon. This last function allies her, of course, with her original—Morgan le Fay."

2363:(the Vale of No Return), serving as an enchanted prison for false lovers since she took an unnamed knight as her lover but then discovered his affair with another woman. There, Lancelot frees the 250 unfaithful knights entrapped by Morgan, including her former lover Guiomar whom she has turned to stone for his infidelity, but Morgan then captures Lancelot himself under her spell, using a magic ring and keeps him prisoner in the hope Guinevere would then go mad or die of sorrow. She also otherwise torments Guinevere, causing her great distress and making her miserable until the Lady of the Lake gives her a ring that protects her from Morgan's power. Since then, Lancelot becomes Morgan's prime object of sexual desire but he consistently refuses her obsessive advances due to his great love of Guinevere, even as Morgan repeatedly courts, drugs, enchants or imprisons the knight. Their one-sided relationship (as well as interactions between her and Arthur) may evoke that of the goddess 1459: 1585:

ease, in the dew. (...) And when it took her fancy she could change a man into a bird or an animal. (...) Mighty was she in magic and her life was greatly in defiance of God, for at her command were the birds in the wild, in the woods and fields, and what seems to me greatest, those evil spirits, that are called devils – they were all at her command. She was well capable of marvels for dragons had to bring from the air support in her affairs, as well as the fish in the sea. Moreover, she had kin deep in Hell: the Devil was her companion. He sent her aid, even from the fire, as much as she wanted. And whatever she would have from this earth, she took, without peril, in ample measure, all for herself. The earth bore no root, the power of which was not as familiar to her as the back of my hand is to me. (...) This earth never acquired a better mistress of magic arts than Feimurgân.

2197:), who pardons her when she protests she has been under the devil's power and promises to abandon her wicked ways. After Arthur nevertheless mortally defeats Accolon in a duel arranged by Morgan, her former mentor Merlin, still having feelings for her, saves her from Arthur's wrath by enabling her to escape. To avenge Accolon's death, which caused her great sorrow, Morgan again steals the scabbard from the sleeping king. Pursued by Arthur for her betrayal, Morgan throws the scabbard into a lake, before temporarily turning herself and her entourage to stone, the sight of which makes Arthur think they have been already punished by God. That action of Morgan ultimately causes the death of Arthur, who would otherwise be protected by the scabbard's magic in his final battle. On her way out, Morgan saves Arthur's knight named Manassen ( 1852: 555: 2477: 2654:

but Tristan ends up killing or routing thirty of her knights. Malory mentions Arthur's attempts to conquer at least one of her castles, which originally had been his own gift to her, and which he could not retake (apparently due to magical defences). Nevertheless, despite all of their prior hostility towards each other and her numerous designs directed against Arthur personally (and his own promise to get a terrible revenge on her as long as he lives), she is still redeemed and is one of the four grieving enchantress queens (the others being Nimue, marking the end of conflict between her and Morgan, and two of Morgan's allies, the Queen of the Northgales and the Queen of the

2899: 1743: 2150: 2193:, which has been previously confided to Morgan by Arthur himself as he had trusted her even more than his wife, replacing the real ones with fakes. In a conspiracy with the villainous lord Damas, Morgan plans for Accolon to use Arthur's own magic items against him in single combat, so she and her beloved Accolon would become the rulers. As part of her convoluted plan, both Arthur and Accolon are spirited away from their hunt with Urien by a magical boat of twelve damsels. Confident of her coming victory, Morgan also attempts to murder her sleeping husband Urien with his own sword, but in this act she is stopped by their son Yvain ( 2328: 3356: 961: 2117: 2280: 3166:) in her giant serpent form before becoming his lover; she and her fairy army then save Gawain from the jealous Guinevere, who wants Gawain dead after having been spurned by him. She then herself is imprisoned in a magical torment in her mother's glass-and-diamond magical castle Pela-Orso, because of how Morgana wanted to force her to marry Tristan. Eventually, Gawain storms the castle after three years of siege and frees her from a cursed dungeon, also capturing her tyrannical mother for the same punishment. The 15th-century Italian compilation of Arthur and Tristan legends, 1822:

and deeds as being much more sinister and aggressive than they are in Geoffrey or Chrétien, showing her undergoing a series of transformations in the process of becoming a much more chaotic and unpredictable character. Beginning as an erratic ally of Arthur and a notorious temptress opposed to his wife and some of his knights (especially Lancelot, doubling as her unrequited love interest) in the original stories of the Vulgate Cycle, Morgan's figure eventually often turns into an ambitious and depraved nemesis of King Arthur himself in the Post-Vulgate stories.

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rarely successful in any of her plots. Nevertheless, she remains a medieval symbol of the potential danger of uncontrolled female power." According to Corinne Saunders, Malory's "Morgan is also characterized as following the pattern of the otherworldly ruler who wishes both to destroy and to possess bodies. She shapes herself as the faery mistress and her magic is partly directed towards the destruction of female rivals." Some modern researchers attribute Malory's "personal misogyny" to his portrayal of Morgan as well as women in general.

1027: 2012: 1284: 871:("Land of Youth"). As summarised by Will Hasty, "while this is difficult to establish with certainty the relationship between female figures such as these in the Arthurian tradition and the otherworldly goddesses, sprites, and nymphs of Irish and Welsh myths (a relationship is assumed especially in the case of Morgan le Fay), both groups demonstrate similar ambivalent characteristics: they are by turns dangerous and desirable, implicated alternately in fighting, death, sexuality, and fertility." 3385:, fata Morgana (initially as lady Fortune) is beautiful but wicked fairy enchantress, a sister of King Arthur and a pupil of Merlin. Morgana lives in her paradise-like garden in a crystal cavern under a lake, plotting to eventually destroy the entire world. There, she abducts her favourites until she is thwarted by Orlando who defeats, chases and captures Morgana, destroying her underwater prison and letting her keep only one of her forced lovers, a knight named Ziliante. In 3053:: following his initial epics, when he is 100 years old, the fairy queen Morgan restores him to his youthful form but removes his memory, then takes him to her mystical island palace in Avalon (where Arthur and Gawain are also still alive) to be her lover for 200 years. She later protects him during his adventures in the mortal world as he defends France from Muslim invasion, before his eventual return to Avalon. In some accounts, Ogier begets her two sons, including Marlyn ( 2562: 2920: 2255:. Their friendship is further tested when a quarrel over a handsome widower named Berengier (captured by Sebile after Morgan kidnapped his child) ends in a violent attack by Sebile that leaves Morgan half-dead; Morgan swears revenge, but their relationship is later restored. After Merlin's entombment by the Lady of the Lake, Morgan and her three enchantresses also try to find and rescue him but they fail in that task. Morgan's other allies in the 2100:, Morgan had been tutored by Merlin even before her relationship with Guiomar, and later she returns to learn more. They meet at Lot's funeral, during the time when Morgan is pregnant with Yvain. After Merlin teaches her so much she becomes "the wisest woman in the world", Morgan scorns and drives Merlin away by threatening to torture and kill him if he would not leave her alone, which causes him great sorrow out of his "foolish love" ( 8501: 1179:); and at will she glides down from the sky onto your shores. (...) Morgen received us with due honor. She put the king in her chamber on a golden bed, uncovered his wound with her noble hand and looked long at it. At length she said he could be cured if only he stayed with her a long while and accepted her treatment. We therefore happily committed the king to her care, and spred our sails to favourable winds on return journey. 8513: 2505:, Morgan is the only one who is recognised among the black-hooded ladies who take the dying Arthur to his final rest and possible revival in Avalon. Depending on the manuscript, she is either the leading lady (usually, being recognised by Griflet as the one holding Arthur's hand as he enters the boat), a subordinate to another who is unnamed, or neither of them are superior. The latter part of the Post-Vulgate versions of 998: 3431:(1590), Argante (Layamon's name for Morgan) is lustful giantess queen of the "secret Ile", evoking the Post-Vulgate story of Morgan's kidnapping of Sir Alexander. It also features three other counterpart characters: Acrasia, Duessa, and Malecasta, all representing different themes from Malory's description of Morgan. Morgan might have also inspired the characters of the healer Loosepaine and the fay Oriande in the 2879:

whether she took a dislike to the court, or the court to her, she thought proper to retire to the forest we speak of; where, at her command, her invisible agents erected an enchanted palace. She was followed in her delicious retreats by young and beautiful Varlets, Esquires, and as many Knights as preferred the inglorious, but delightful pleasures that awaited them with Morgana, to the honourable toils of

8525: 2371:. One time, she lets the captive Lancelot go to rescue Gawain when he promises to come back (but also keeping him the company of the most beautiful of her maidens to do "whatever she could to entice him"), and he keeps his word and does return; she eventually releases him altogether after over a year, when his health falters and he is near death. On another occasion, Lancelot captured in Cart Castle ( 2532: 2304: 2247:) and the unnamed Queen of Sorestan. Together, the three "knew so much about magic, they enjoyed one another's company and always rode together and ate and drank together." Sebile and Morgan are particularly close companions, working their magic together, but they tend to fall into petty squabbles due to their rivalries and bad tempers, including a conflict between them when they both seduce 2598:), though he reduces her in role and detail of characterisation, in particular either removing or limiting her traditions of healing and prophecy, and making her more consistently and inherently evil than she is in most of his sources, just as he makes Merlin more good. He also diminishes Morgan's conflict with Guinevere, since there is no mention of Guiomar and instead Accolon ("of 2456:, Lancelot has a vision of Hell where Morgan still will be able to control demons even in afterlife as they torture Guinevere. In one of her castles, Tugan in Garlot, Morgan has hidden a magic book given to her by Merlin, which actually prophesied the deaths of Arthur and Gawain and who would kill them, but no one can read this passage without dying instantly. In the Vulgate 2602:") is her first named lover in a much abbreviated version of his story, but does not clarify Morgan's motivations for her very antagonistic behaviour against Arthur. Overall, up until the war between Arthur and Lancelot and the rebellion of Mordred, it is the evil and chaotic Morgan who remains the main and constant source of direct and indirect threat to the realm. 2435:, after Morgan hosts her nephews Gawain, Mordred and Gaheriet to heal them, Mordred spots the images of Lancelot's passionate love for Guinevere that Lancelot painted on her castle's walls while he was imprisoned there. Morgan shows it to Gawain and his brothers, encouraging them to take action in the name of loyalty to their king, but they decide not to do this. 3176:), too makes Morgan a sister to the Lady of the Lake as well as to Arthur (about the fate of whom it says Morgan "brought him away to a little island in the sea; and there he died of his wounds, and the fairy buried him on that island"). It is based on the French prose romances, but here Morgan is a prophetic figure whose main role is to ensure the fulfilment of 2633:. Morgan is widely feared and hated, so much that "many knights wished her burnt." She is now the leader of the four (not three) witch queens who capture Lancelot (the others being the Queen of the Northgales, the Queen of Eastland, and the Queen of the Outer Isles). In an episode that had been first introduced by the anonymous writer of the earlier Prose 2351:. It applies in particular to the greatest of them all, Lancelot, whom she alternately tries to seduce and to expose as Guinevere's adulterous lover. Her magic aside, Lancelot is always disempowered in his dealings with Morgan as he could never hurt a woman, which, coupled with her being his king's kin, made the Vulgate's Morgan a perfect 2947:, where she is a sister of both Gwyar (Morgause) and Gwalchmei (Gawain), as well as of the other sisters Gracia and Graeria, and is sent off by Uther to Avallach (Avalon). The island of Avalon is often described as an otherworldly place ruled by Morgan in other later texts from all over Western Europe, especially these written in 538:. In some variants, including in the popular retelling by Malory, Morgan is the greatest enemy of Arthur, scheming to usurp his throne and indirectly becoming an instrument of his death. However, she eventually reconciles with Arthur, retaining her original role of taking him on his final journey to Avalon. 2856:) holds the eponymous Wandering Knight captive inside a magnificent castle in her forest realm Païenie ('Pagania'), until messengers from her brother Arthur arrive with a request to lift her enchantment and let him go, to which she agrees. Loosely drawing from the Vulgate Cycle, the Old French anonymous 2828:. She arrives accompanied by two of her fay sisters named Arsile and Maglore to dispense enchantment gifts to and curses upon several characters including the author himself, and in the course of the story reverts her love interest in the local mortal (and unfaithful) knight Robert to her previous lover 2662:

is based, and where Morgan and Arthur usually would either have first made peace or have just never fought to begin with, here her change of attitude towards him is sudden and unexplained (similar to the Post-Vulgate). Arthur is last seen in Morgan's lap, with her lament of sorrow referring to him as

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Many other medieval and Renaissance works feature continuations of her evolutionary tale from the aftermath of Camlann as she becomes the immortal queen of Avalon in both Arthurian and non-Arthurian stories, sometimes alongside Arthur. After a period of being largely absent from contemporary culture,

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in a slightly modified form, resulting in Morgan's damsel instantly burnt to cinders by its curse when she is forced to take it on. In one of later episodes, Morgan plots an elaborate ambush in "The Book of Sir Tristram de Lyons", after learning of the death of one of her favourites in a tournament,

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to Arthur's court a magical drinking horn from which no unfaithful lady can drink without spilling, hoping to disgrace Guinevere by revealing her infidelity, but it is Isolde whose adultery is disclosed instead. With same intent, when Tristan was to be Morgan's champion at a jousting tournament, she

2061:). The high queen intervenes to break their relationship to prevent the loss of honor (according to some scholarship, possibly also because of Guinevere's perception of Morgan, with her kinship and close relationship with Arthur, as a rival in political power). This incident, introduced in the Prose 1821:

religious order, which might explain the texts' demonisation of pagan motifs and increasingly anti-sexual attitudes, altrough some of these attitudes may be arguably shared with the pre-Christian source material.) Integrating her figure fully into the Arthurian world, they also portray Morgan's ways

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In writing that, Hartmann might have not been influenced by Chrétien, but rather by an earlier oral tradition from the stories of Breton bards. Hartmann also separated Arthur's sister (that is Feimurgân) from the fairy mistress of the lord of Avalon (Chrétien's Guigomar), who in his version is named

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and gifts him a wonderful horse, but then pursues him with hate after he rejects her. The abrupt way in which she is used suggests Benoît did expect his aristocratic audience to have been already familiar with her character. Another such ancient-times appearance of a Morgan character can be found in

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She who is first among them is more skilled in the healing art, and also surpasses her sisters in beauty. Morgen is her name, and she has learned what useful properties all the herbs contain, so that she can cure the body ills. She knows, too, the art by which to change her shape, and to fly through

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makes Morgan an unquestionably good sister of Arthur, concerned only about his honour in regard to the affair of Lancelot and Guinevere. Entering her boat (she is not named in the scene, but addresses him as her brother), Arthur believes he is going to be healed, yet his tomb is later discovered by

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cloak, but Morgan's messenger maiden is made put on the gift first by Ninianne'a advice to Arthur, for "if she dies of it, Morgan will be angrier than at anything else that could happen to her, for she loves her with a very great love." The girl indeed falls dead, and Arthur has her body burned. It

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She was comely in body and features, she stood straight and was wonderfully pleasant and a good singer. She was the best worker with her hands that anyone knew about in any land, and she was the cleverest of all. And she had the fairest head of any suited for a woman, and the most beautiful hands,

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When she began to demonstrate her magic powers, she had very soon circumnavigated the world and come back again. (...) Both in the air and on the earth she could hover at her ease, on the waves and beneath them. She was totally indifferent as to whether she lived in the fire or, just as much at her

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name for Etna), where, in the role of a fairy godmother, Morgane and two other fays spirit away and raises Floriant, a son of a murdered Sicilian king and the hero of the story. Floriant, with the help of her magic ship, eventually reunites with Morgane at her castle when he returns there with his

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wander into Morgan's incredibly beautiful castle while lost in a forest, where Arthur is received extremely well and instantly reconciles with his sister. Overjoyed with their reunion, the king allows Morgan to return to Camelot, but she refuses and declares her plan to move to the Isle of Avalon,

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in Malory's version) who is mortally wounded when he attacks the great Cornish knight out of his jealously for her attention; the knight soon dies after returning to her, and the anguished Morgan buries him in a grand tomb. In one variation, Morgan then takes revenge as she takes possession of the

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with the half-demon Merlin's magic aid. In the poem's prose version and its continuations, she has at least two elder sisters. Various manuscripts list up to five sisters or half-sisters of Arthur, sometimes from different fathers, and some do not mention Morgan being a bastard (step)child. In the

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For example, Angela Carson proposed, citing a dual nature of Morgan seen in the poem's sources, that not only the two women are one and the same but also that Bertilak's true identity is Morgan's sometime-husband Urien. According to Corinne Saunders, "Morgan is typically depicted as beautiful and

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Elizabeth Sklar described Malory's version of Morgan's character as "an essentially sociopathic personality, respecting no boundaries and acknowledging no rules save those dictated by her own ambitions, envy, and lust." As noted by Mary Lynn Saul: "Curiously, in spite of all her powers, Morgan is

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For example, Maureen Fries, describing Morgan as the most influential Arthurian female counter-hero, wrote about how "more beneficent splittings-off from her original role emerge in the several Ladies of the Lake who later develop from her archetype: literally watered-down from Morgan (whose name

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and simply an artistic device to further connect Gawain's episode to the Arthurian legend, but some regard her as a central character and the driving force of the plot. Opinions are also divided regarding Morgan's intentions and whether she succeeds or fails, and how the story's shapeshifting and

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and dialects, especially still in France but also in Italy, Spain and elsewhere. In the case of Spain, even public edicts dating from the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century tell of the belief in Morgan continuing to enchant and imprison people at Tintagel and in "the Valley of

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both seem to revert to Morgan's friendly attitude toward Arthur from the end of the Vulgate Cycle, despite the Post-Vulgate' own characterisation of Morgan as thoroughly evil and the earlier fierce hostility between them. As Arthur steps into her boat after Camlann but assures he is not going to

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Morgana made several conquests, and of course, many enemies amongst the damsels who found themselves forsaken by their disloyal Knights. The fairy gave proofs of her partial preference to the great Lancelot of the Lake, which Genievre, Arthur's beauteous consort, bore very impatiently. At last,

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is the first known work linking Morgan to Igraine and mentioning her learning sorcery after having been sent away for an education. The reader is informed that Morgan was given her moniker 'la fée' ("the fairy") due to her great knowledge. A 14th-century massive prequel to the Arthurian legend,

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However, disaster strikes Arthur when the sight of Lancelot's frescoes and Morgan's confession finally convinces him about the truth to the rumours of the two's secret love affair (about which he has been already warned by his nephew Agravain). This leads to a great conflict between Arthur and

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A common image of Morgan becomes a malicious, jealous and cruel sorceress, the source of many intrigues at the royal court of Arthur and elsewhere. In some of the later works, she is also subversively working to take over Arthur's throne through her mostly harmful magic and scheming, including

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is the only known instance of medieval Arthurian literature presented as being composed by Morgan herself. This late 12th-century text is purportedly addressed to her court official and tells of the story of a knight called Piers the Fierce; it is likely that the author's motive was to draw a

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Later standalone romances often feature Morgan as a lover and benefactor of various heroes, and yet she can also be their opponent, especially when abducting those who turned down her amorous offers or working to separate true lovers. Such texts may also introduce her additional offspring or

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wrote: "Christian writers may have found it hard to cope with such an ambivalent figure (...) However this may be, in most of the stories about her Morgan personifies the old and deep-rooted male fear of the evilness of woman, which is not confined to the Celtic background but exists in the

2715:, written around 1270, casts a villainous Morgan in the role of the Lady of the Lake and gives her a brother named Morganor as an illegitimate son of King Urien; her wondrous castle Palaus is built mostly of crystal and glass. Conversely, a 14th-century Middle English version of the Vulgate 2443:

It is said that Morgan concentrates on witchcraft to such degree that she goes to live in seclusion in the exile of far-away forests. She learns more spells than any other woman, gains an ability to transform herself into any animal, and people begin to call her Morgan the Goddess

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serving as a "benevolent anti-Morgan", especially in the Post-Vulgate tradition: a largely (but not entirely) opposite character created using Morgan's copied traits. Although Morgan is usually depicted in medieval romances as beautiful and seductive, the medieval archetype of the

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are repeatedly frustrated by the king's new sorceress advisor Ninianne (the Lady of the Lake). An iconic case of Morgan's such further and very underhanded plots to kill Arthur in the Post-Vulgate occurs when Morgan sends him a supposed offering of peace in the form of a rich

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in the Welsh myth, and Morgan would be assigned this role in the later literature, this first continental association between Yvain (the romances' version of Owain) and Morgan does not imply they are son and mother. The earliest mention of Morgan as Yvain's mother is found in

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with a healing balm made by his sister Morgan. This episode affirms her early role as a healer, in addition to being one of the first instances of Morgan presented as Arthur's sister. Healing remains Morgan's chief ability, but Chrétien also hints at her potential to harm.

424:, or a sorceress, generally benevolent and connected to Arthur as his magical saviour and protector. Her prominence increased as the legend of Arthur developed over time, as did her moral ambivalence, and in some texts there is an evolutionary transformation of her to an 2001:

and her skin was softer than millet. But she was the most lustful woman in all Great Britain and the lewdest. And as long as she was in her right mind, she was more courteous than any, but when she was angry with anyone, there was no need in trying to reconcile them.

9598: 2181:) toward Guinevere, in the Post-Vulgate Cycle, where Morgan's explicitly evil nature is directly stated and accented, she also works to destroy Arthur's rule and end his life. The most famous and important of these machinations is introduced in the Post-Vulgate 1224:(her earliest shared supernatural ability being able to traverse on or under water). Such stories being told by wandering storytellers (as credited by Gerald of Wales) would then influence multiple authors writing independently from each other, especially since 480:

and others, Morgan's chief role is that of a great healer. Several of numerous and often unnamed fairy-mistress and maiden-temptress characters found through the Arthurian romance genre may also be considered as appearances of Morgan in her different aspects.

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for the high queen, Arthur's newly married young wife Guinevere. At first, Morgan and the also young Guinevere are close friends, even wearing shared near-identical rings. However, everything changes when Morgan is caught in an affair with her lover

2883:. The fairy was also constantly attended by spirits, and other familiars, who gave her an exact account of what passed within a certain distance from her palace, and assisted her in inveigling every traveller whom she best thought worth her notice. 2108:, Morgan learns all her magic only from Merlin (and not in the nunnery). In any case, having finished her studies under Merlin, Morgan begins scheming her vengeance as she tries to undermine virtue and achieve Guinevere's downfall whenever she can. 2238:

Morgan is often emphasised as promiscuous, even more than her sister Morgause, as she is "so lustful and wanton that a looser woman could not have been found." In some versions, she also associates with two other lascivious enchantresses, Queen

851:", a Welsh ancestor figure also known as Avallach or Avalloc, whose name can also be interpreted as a noun meaning 'a place of apples'; in the tale of Owain and Morfydd's conception in Peniarth 147, Modron is called the "daughter of the King of 1220:, it is possible that Geoffrey has not been the original inventor of Morgan, as character may have had already existed in Breton folklore in the hypothetical unrecorded oral stories that featured her as Arthur's fairy saviour, or even also his 835:(daughter) – and a later folktale have recorded more fully in the manuscript Peniarth 147. A fictionalised version of the historical king Urien is usually Morgan le Fay's husband in the variations of Arthurian legend informed by continental 2294:"She was clad in all the glory at her command, and her appearance was so shining and radiant that when she came into that room Sir Launcelot knew not whether it was a vision his eyes beheld or whether she was a creature of flesh and blood." 1215:

to have the power to cure disease and perform various other awesome magic, such as controlling the sea through incantations, foretelling the future, and changing themselves into any animal. In addition, according to a theory postulated by

2576:"And Sir Bedivere stood upon the shore and looked upon the face of King Arthur as it lay within the lap of Queen Morgana, and he beheld that the face of King Arthur was white like to the ashes of wood, wherefore he wist that he was dead." 3395:(1532), Morgana is revealed as a twin sister of two other sorceresses, the good Logistilla and the evil Alcina; Orlando again defeats Morgana, rescuing Ziliante who has been turned into a dragon, and forces Morgana to swear by her lord 2394:), where he has been held, for a year and a day, and then dutifully continues to guard it even after the castle gets burned down; this eventually leads to his death. Morgan's other fancied good knights include Alexander's relative 2096:, it is rather Merlin who goes to live with Morgan and her two ladies for a long time following the betrayal of him by Niniane (the Lady of the Lake) with her other lover, just as Morgan wished for him to do. In the Post-Vulgate 2872:

in a later manuscript) with twelve other beautiful fairy ladies including the sorceress Madoine. There, they lure and ensnare many hundreds of young and attractive knights, who then spend the rest of their lives in the palace:

4453: 2057:(derived from Chrétien's Guigomar) by Guinevere. Usually, Guiomar is depicted as Guinevere's cousin (alternatively, appearing there as Gaimar, he is Guinevere's early lover instead of her relative in the German version 3162:) features the titular beautiful young fairy daughter of Morgana (Italian version of Morgan's name, here too also a sister of the Lady of the Lake) with Hemison. In her own tale, Morgana's daughter defeats Gawain ( 2230:. The reasons for Morgan's hatred of her brother in the Post-Vulgate narrative are never fully explained, other than by just a "natural" extreme antipathy against goodness by the evil that she is an embodiment of. 3220:

story of the eponymous Corsican knight armed by Morgan with enchanted weapons to avenge his brother killed by Lancelot, and a yet another telling of the familiar story of Morgana's good fairy daughter titled the

2140:"There was a time when great was her enmity towards King Arthur, so that she plotted his ruin not once only nor twice; and that is a strange thing, for it is said that she herself was the kinswoman of the King." 5386:

When Family and Politics Mix: Female Agency, Mixed Spaces, and Coercive Kinship in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Awntyrs off Arthure at Terne Wathelyne, and "The Deth of Arthur" from Le Morte Darthur

3147:), "a live devil who did nothing but evil." When Renoart jilts her and escapes to rescue his other son Maileffer, Morgan sends her demonic monster servant Kapalu (character derived from the Welsh legends' 874:

While many works make Morgan specifically human, she almost always keeps her magical powers and often also her otherworldly if not divine attributes and qualities. Some medieval authors refer to her as a

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by King Lot, and the traitor Mordred by Arthur (in some romances the wife of King Lot is called Morcades, a name that R. S. Loomis argued was another name of Morgan). At a young age, Morgan is sent to a

784:— who, similar to Morgan, are often alternately benevolent and malicious. A chiefly Greek (instead of Celtic) construction Morgan in medieval romances is a relatively new theory by Carolyne Larrington. 2760:

in a role evoking the loathly lady tradition), as a test for Arthur and his knights and to frighten Guinevere to death. Morgan's importance to this particular narrative has been disputed and called a

1354:

character might be also related to Geoffrey's Morgen, as well as to the early Breton oral tradition of Morgan's figure, especially as her son there is named Mabuz, similar to the name of Modron's son

3091:, Morgue la Fée lives in her palace in Avalon together with Arthur and Oberon, who both seem to be her brothers. Variants of Ogier's and Huon's stories typically involve Morgan, Arthur, and Oberon ( 3407:(1560) further introduces Morgana's three daughters: Carvilia, Morganetta, and Nivetta, themselves temptresses of knights. Morgan's other 16th-century appearances include these of Morgue la fée in 484:

Romance authors of the late 12th century established Morgan as Arthur's supernatural elder sister. In the 13th-century prose cycles – and the later works based on them, including the influential

2081:

with all her wealth to seek out Merlin and greater powers. The pregnant Morgan later gives birth to Guiomar's son, who is not named in the story but is said to grow up to become a great knight.

2375:) by Morgan and her fellow magical queens, each of whom tries to make Lancelot her lover; he refuses to choose either of them and escapes with the help of one of their maidservants, Rocedon. 3588:

seductive, but here Bertilak's wife functions as the youthful, desirable counterpart of the loathly old hag: the poem separates out the two faces of the enchantress, beautiful and monstrous."

2868:) as a fairy sister of Arthur as well as a former pupil of the Lady of Lake, Viviane. Ever lascivious and sexual, Morgan lives in a splendid enchanted castle in the wilderness (identified as 2204:

In the same narrative, having been banished from Camelot, Morgan then retires to her lands in the magical kingdom of Gorre and then to her castle near the stronghold of Tauroc (possibly in

546:. Notably, her modern character is frequently being conflated with her sister's as mother of Arthur's son and nemesis Mordred, the status that Morgan herself never had in medieval legend. 9932: 1450:(which some later authors would say she has created as a place of punishment for unfaithful knights). She is later mentioned in the same poem when Arthur provides the wounded hero 2514:

return, she makes no mention of Avalon or her intentions when taking him away. His supposed grave is later said to be found mysteriously empty but for his helmet. (Spanish poem

1316:

that is also occurring in an Italian version of the Avalon motif in some later works). Here, she is the ruler of an underground kingdom who takes the protagonist knight Jaufre (

1615:

inverted Hartmann's Fâmurgân's name to create that of Arthur's fairy ancestor named Terdelaschoye de Feimurgân, the wife of Mazadân, where the part "Terdelaschoye" comes from

6700: 1826:

manipulating men. Most of the time, Morgan's magic arts correspond with these of Merlin's and the Lady of the Lake's, featuring shapeshifting, illusion, and sleeping spells (

787: 2084:

Morgan then either undertakes or continues her studies of dark magic under Merlin, enamored for her, the details of which vary widely depending on the telling. In the Prose

6141: 4060: 9988: 3732: 3399:

to abandon her plots. The story also features the medieval motif where uses a magic horn to convince Arthur of the infidelity of his queen (Geneura), here successfully.

2840:

who has been trying to woo her back. Hellequin's character in this case may be connected in some way to Arthur, who like him sometimes also figures as the leader of the

1714:. Notably, it is one of the first known texts that made her a sister to Arthur, as she is in the works of Chrétien and many others after him. As described by Étienne, 6730: 8562: 1442:

who shares many characteristics with Chrétien's Morgan. It was noted that even Chrétien' earliest mention of Morgan already shows an enmity between her and Queen

5561: 3348:), a German retelling of the enchanted horn episode, moved Morgan's Mediterranean Sea island domain to the east of Sicily, referring to her only as the Queen of 2931:"And, in tones more musical than mortals often hear, she sang a sweet lullaby, a song of fairyland and of the island of Avalon, where the souls of heroes dwell." 1885:, which later served as the original source for the Vulgate Cycle and consequently also the Post-Vulgate Cycle. It was written c. 1200 by the French knight-poet 2390:, whom she promises to heal but he vows to castrate himself rather than to pleasure her. Nevertheless, Alexander promises to defend her castle of Fair Guard ( 5400: 2629:

magic, employed usually through enchantments and potions. Her powers, however, seem to be inspired by fairy magic of Celtic folklore rather than by medieval

2569: 5660: 438:. A significant aspect in many of Morgan's medieval and later iterations is the unpredictable duality of her nature, with potential for both good and evil. 4494:"Britannia After the Romans: Being an Attempt to Illustrate the Religious and Political Revolutions of that Province in the Fifth and Succeeding Centuries" 3204:) but turns him evil, and gives him an armour made in Hell as well as a magical ship in her revenge plot against Gawain as well as Arthur himself, and the 5325: 1975:

after Arthur's father Uther marries her mother, who later gives him a son, Arthur (which makes him Morgan's younger half-brother). There, Morgan masters

657:'; Malory would also use the form "le Fey" alternatively with "le Fay") and some traits indicate, the figure of Morgan appears to have been a remnant of 764:) was one of Geoffrey's prime sources for at least his own, unique version. Also suggested have been possible influence by other magical women from the 1532:, may be derived from Morgan le Fay, though this has been a matter of debate among Arthurian scholars since the 19th century (the epithet Tud may be a 412:, in which most often she and he are siblings. Early appearances of Morgan in Arthurian literature do not elaborate her character beyond her role as a 288: 1276:. Here, she has a daughter named Morganette and an adoptive son named Passelion, who in turn have a son named Morgan, described as an ancestor of the 863:, the marvelous "Isle of Apples" with which Morgan has been associated since her earliest appearances, and the Irish legend of the otherworldly woman 2700:

to warn Arthur prior to his fatal final battle, foretelling his death. She also appears in some other English texts, such as the early-13th-century

5879: 1458: 1125:

and flying, and (at least seemingly) use their powers only for good. Morgen is also said to be a learned mathematician and to have taught it and

1922:, Morgain and Morgue la fee are introduced as two different half-sisters of Arthur who then become merged into one character later in the text. 1105:

was forged. (Geoffrey's Arthur does have a sister, whose name is Anna, but the possibility of her being a predecessor to Morgan is unknown.) In

6757: 9542: 9455: 8555: 3792: 2287: 1692:

is titled in it as "empress of the wilderness, queen of the damsels, lady of the isles, and governor of the waves of the great sea." Morgan (

6625: 929:) had removed Arthur's body to the Isle of Avalon, so that she might cure his wounds there," for the purpose of enabling the possibility of 2641:

from being trapped in an enchanted boiling bath by Morgan and the Queen of the Northgales, both envious of Elaine's great beauty (echoing

10073: 8302: 7673: 6478: 3042:, the protagonist Joana ends up marrying the fairy queen Morgana's son named Beuteusell after passing his mother's test with his help. 677:(Ahes). Speculatively, beginning with Lucy Allen Paton in 1904, Morgan has been connected with the shapeshifting and multifaced Irish 3827: 3143:) to Avalon, where Arthur is the king. Renoart falls in love with Morgan and impregnates her with his illegitimate son named Corbon ( 2588:

follows Morgan's portrayals from the Old French prose cycles in his late-15th-century seminal work of the selective compilation book

1843:

is used frequently, as Morgan can be in a contradictory fashion described as both beautiful and ugly even within the same narration.

1605:, and the two have a son Brangemuer who became the king of an otherworldly isle "where no mortal lived". In the 13th-century romance 1308:

Arthurian romance dated c. 1180, Morgan seems to appear, without being named other than introducing herself as the "Fairy of Gibel" (

3001:, Morgan brings Arthur back to his senses by removing Excalibur from his hands, after which they celebrate and leave to Avalon. The 1851: 9973: 8548: 8422: 6708: 2658:) who arrive in a black boat to transport the wounded king to Avalon in the end. Unlike in the French and earlier stories on which 2024: 9660: 9630: 6145: 4057: 1634:

further identified other perceived avatars of Morgan as the "Besieged Lady" archetype in various early works associated with the

1407:(Guingomar, Guinguemar), the Lord of the Isle of Avalon and a nephew of King Arthur, a character derivative of Guigemar from the 4391: 9861: 2808:

alternate siblings, or connect her closer with the figure of the Lady of the Lake. For instance, the fairy queen Lady Morgan (

9830: 9767: 7628: 7609: 7590: 7571: 7552: 7533: 7514: 7393: 7366: 7312: 7223: 7134: 7108: 7081: 7028: 6991: 6891: 6846: 6820: 6671: 6608: 6541: 6514: 6444: 6362: 6336: 6223: 6055: 6028: 5916: 5800: 5758: 5627: 5505: 5364: 5247: 5176: 5058: 5003: 4976: 4949: 4922: 4878: 4838: 4671: 4617: 4591: 4518: 4216: 4132: 7409: 3095:) all living in a fairyland where time passes much slower than in human world. Such works include the 14th century's French 8758: 8664: 7339: 4563:

Thebenroman - Eneasroman - Trojaroman: Studien zur Rezeption der Antike in der französischen Literatur des 12. Jahrhunderts

4189: 3705:"Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur" 1685: 2473:"where the women live who know all the world's magic," so she can dwell there with these (unspecified) other sorceresses. 2048:, who later was recast as the husband of her sister Elaine). Now a queen but unhappy with her husband, Morgan serves as a 5962: 3038: 1719:

Arthur, gravely wounded, sought the help of his sister, who held the holy Isle of Avalon. Morgan, the everlasting nymph (

530:. In this tradition, she is also sexually active and even predatory, taking numerous lovers that may include Merlin and 9927: 9737: 9502: 8876: 8629: 5384: 4476: 1446:, and although Morgan is represented only in a benign role by Chrétien, she resides in a mysterious place known as the 968: 947:(Morganda the Fairy). Morgan retains her early role as Arthur's legendary healer throughout later Arthurian tradition. 5551: 5095:

The Female Figure as the Antagonist in the Arthurian World: The Role of Morgan le Fay in Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur

3024:(1532), features a later appearance of Arthur together with his sister Morgaina, "better known as Morgana the fairy" ( 10018: 9998: 9978: 8871: 8470: 7484: 7161: 6796: 6309: 6282: 4240: 3554: 3260: 3108: 2468:), Morgan ceases troubling Arthur and vanishes for a long time, and the king assumes her to be dead. One day, he and 930: 10063: 10028: 6530:

Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.; Thompson, Raymond H. (5 September 2013).

5557: 5455:. New York Public Library. London : J. M. Dent & Sons Limited; New York : E. P. Dutton & Company. 2975:

writes about having visited the Enchanted Isle and met Arthur who has been brought back to life by the fay Morgan (

1597: 1269: 847:

who plotted to assassinate him, much as Morgan attempts to kill Urien. Additionally, Modron is called "daughter of

1937:

in a war over his wife (Morgan's mother) at the same moment as when Arthur is conceived by Uther, who infiltrates

10033: 9645: 9269: 8572: 7995: 7274:"THE MAGICAL MANTLE, THE DRINKING HORN AND THE CHASTITY TEST: A STUDY OF A "TALE" IN ARTHURIAN CELTIC LITERATURE" 7177: 3450: 3012:

ends, that is with the departure and disappearance of Arthur and his sister Morgaina, described there as a fairy

2845: 2736: 2378:

Another of Morgan's illicit love subjects is the rescued-but-abducted young Cornish knight Alexander the Orphan (

1723:), received her brother here, cured him, nourished him, revived him, and made him immortal. He was presented the 543: 7857: 5985: 2787:. She appears in a variety of roles, generally appearing in works related to the literary cycles of Arthur (the 1567:

has Erec healed by Guinevere with a special plaster that was given to Arthur by the king's sister, the goddess (

10043: 9983: 9625: 9486: 8851: 7666: 2427:

also gives him an enchanted shield depicting Arthur, Guinevere and Lancelot to deliver to Camelot in the Prose

666: 633:

shapeshifting female saint who was associated with the sea). The name is not to be confused with the unrelated

31: 10078: 10013: 9963: 9711: 8888: 8819: 6663:

Florambel de Lucea: primera parte, libros I, II y III : Valladolid, Nicola Tierri, 1532: guía de lectura

4107:

The Mabinogion: From the Llyfr Coch O Hergest (the Red Book of Hergest) with an English Translation and Notes

3970: 1881: 1472: 1199:-type character and her sisters, Geoffrey might have been influenced by the first-century Roman cartographer 554: 445:

as well as from other ancient and medieval myths and historical figures. The earliest documented account, by

3017: 2476: 1727:

as his kingdom. The faerie folk being unarmed, the great war leader comes to their aid: he fears no battle.

10083: 10068: 10048: 10008: 9993: 9526: 7947: 7912: 7475:"Thoroughly Modern Morgan: Morgan le Fey in Twentieth-Century Popular Arthuriana". Sklar, Elizabeth S., in 4455:

Which Witch?: Morgan le Fay as Shape-Shifter and English Perceptions of Magic Reflected in Arthurian Legend

1036: 645:

in the Old Welsh period). As her epithet "le Fay" (a pseudo-French phrase coined up in the 15th century by

5035:"'Morgan le Fay, Empress of the Wilderness': A Newly Recovered Arthurian Text in London, BL Royal 12.C.ix" 4261: 3259:

as a location of her enchanted realm in the mythological landscape of medieval Europe (at least since the

1424:

links him to the beautiful magical entity known only as the "fairy mistress", who was later identified by

10023: 9112: 8883: 8417: 1627:

better known as Kundry) through her plot function as mistress of illusions in an enchanted fairy garden.

7008: 2518:

has Morgan explain that by saying the tomb's purpose was to prevent knights from searching for Arthur.)

10038: 9550: 8465: 8075: 7812: 7070:

Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.; Thompson, Raymond H. (2013).

5885: 2686: 2621:) as a young teenager; in this narrative she did not study with Merlin. Unlike Malory's good sorceress 2348: 2218:

is possible that this motif was inspired by classical stories like that how Medea killed her rival for

2201:) from certain death when she learns Accolon was Manessen's cousin and enables him to kill his captor. 2054: 1756: 1404: 997: 709: 239: 17: 2997:, the noble Queen Morgan searches the world for her missing brother. Finally finding him entranced in 10053: 10003: 9886: 9582: 8719: 7659: 3482: 3463:, historical fiction and other genres across various mediums, especially since the mid-20th century. 3349: 2955:, the island kingdom of Arthur and his fairy sister Morgan the Beautiful is hidden by a cloud in the 2149: 1742: 1631: 1069: 897: 816: 697: 6761: 4661: 2177:

While Morgan's antagonistic actions in the Vulgate Cycle have been motivated by her "great hatred" (

1710:, written for political propaganda purpose of having 'Arthur' criticise King Henry for invading the 1245:

in which Morgan herself makes an unexplained appearance in this second known text featuring her. As

1232: 717: 9912: 9690: 9680: 9590: 9462: 8751: 6460: 3413: 3188:) who wants to rape her but she is rescued by Lancelot. The Italian Morgana appears in a number of 2898: 2711: 2531: 67: 6731:"El tractament de la dona com a pensadora en l Aplec de rondaies mallorquines d Antoni M. Alcover" 6395: 5297: 3801: 3028:), who explains how she saved her brother and gifts Excalibur to the eponymous hero Florambel. In 2327: 2271:, and she enlists the help of the latter in her failed attempt to eliminate the Lady of the Lake. 1943: 195: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9706: 9518: 9470: 9257: 9139: 8931: 8645: 7694: 6633: 5311: 4493: 3472: 3371:, Morgan has been primarily featured in relation to the cycle of epic poems of Orlando (based on 2960: 1995:

narration describes Morgan's unmatched beauty and her various skills and qualities of character:

1623:

further identified a Morganian figure in Wolfram's ambiguous character of Cundrie the Sorceress (

918: 173: 7441:

Caldwell, James R. (1965). "A Medieval Romance of Friendship: Eger and Grime. Mabel van Duzee".

7273: 1547:, 'north, left', 'sinister, wicked', also 'fairy (fay), elf'). There, Morgan is called to treat 1137:) sisters, whose names are listed as Moronoe, Mazoe, Gliten, Glitonea, Gliton, Tyronoe, Thiten ( 9968: 9788: 9772: 9762: 9721: 9716: 9574: 9566: 6942: 5816: 4316: 3876: 1976: 1834:). Some scholars even see the figure of the Lady (or Ladies) of the Lake as Morgan's split-off 1666: 1612: 1331: 1008: 7383: 7356: 7329: 7124: 7098: 6866: 6836: 6598: 6504: 6352: 6326: 6299: 6272: 6213: 6018: 5789:

Zimo, Ann E.; Sprecher, Tiffany D. Vann; Reyerson, Kathryn; Blumenthal, Debra (2 March 2020).

5748: 5495: 5354: 5237: 4993: 4912: 4607: 4508: 4206: 3263:), and local folklore describes her as living in a magical castle located at or floating over 1925:

In a popular tradition, Morgan is the youngest of the daughters of Igraine and her husband, a

1117:

who dwell there, ruling in their own right. Morgen agrees to take Arthur, delivered to her by

960: 9803: 9798: 9675: 9197: 8953: 8926: 8866: 8427: 7302: 7151: 7071: 6881: 6810: 6661: 6531: 6434: 6045: 5790: 5617: 5166: 5093: 4966: 4868: 4828: 4179: 4162: 4105: 3675:

Different Faces of Morgan le Fay: The Changing Image of the Sorceress in Arthurian Literature

3360: 3355: 3272: 3065:, one of their sons is a giant and they live in a palace made of jewels. In the 13th-century 2720: 2701: 2655: 2489: 1680: 1672: 1196: 713: 670: 6354:

Prowess, Piety, and Public Order in Medieval Society: Studies in Honor of Richard W. Kaeuper

5859: 2040:), the realm described as an Otherworldly northern British kingdom, possibly the historical 1664:, among others, including some in later works (such as with Lady Lufamore of Maydenlande in 1394: 1372:(c. 1215), Arthur was taken to Avalon by two women to be healed there by its most beautiful 477: 9922: 9917: 9640: 9635: 9432: 8792: 8767: 8637: 8180: 8165: 8140: 8090: 7965: 7787: 7712: 7126:

The Arthur of the Italians: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Italian Literature and Culture

3376: 3062: 2972: 2630: 2590: 2279: 1898: 1516: 1217: 1060: 1017: 981: 686: 570: 486: 472:, as the leader of the nine magical sisters unrelated to Arthur. Therein, and in the early 446: 92: 3673: 3614: 3408: 3049:

of Charlemagne, she is most associated with one of the Paladins, the Danish folklore hero

2116: 8: 9808: 9793: 9534: 9494: 9149: 9134: 8936: 8831: 8826: 8802: 8744: 3368: 1707: 1551:, Knight of the Sparrowhawk, following the latter's defeat at the hands of his adversary 638: 630: 293: 7651: 6838:

The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature

5993:. Department of English and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno. 5775: 4233:

Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures

3972:

Masks of the Dark Goddess in Arthurian Literature: Origin and Evolution of Morgan le Fay

3704: 3334:), whom Arthur saves from the evil Knight of the Wasteland (similar to the story in the 3236: 3192:

poems of the 14th to 15th century. Some of these are original new episodes, such as the

1771: 1703: 625: 9685: 9617: 8861: 8485: 8480: 8080: 8040: 7970: 7458: 7212: 7207: 6252: 5964:

Characterizing Action: Sir Thomas Malory's Development of Character in Le Morte Darthur

5930: 5922: 4750: 4367:"The Enchantress, the Knight and the Cleric: Authorial Surrogates in Arthurian Romance" 3942: 3934: 3850: 3381: 3244: 3208:

that features her evil fairy son, the Knight of the False Shield, who ends up slain by

3002: 2638: 2347:

Morgan uses her skills in her dealings, amorous or otherwise, with several of Arthur's

2159: 1827: 1814: 973: 940: 435: 405: 7583:

The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds

7358:

The Romance Epics of Boiardo, Ariosto, and Tasso: From Public Duty to Private Pleasure

4013:

Die Religion der Kelten in den antiken literarischen Zeugnissen: Von Cicero bis Florus

3115:

in which Arthur's sister Morgan is mother of not Oberon but Merlin. In another French

1676:, a 19th-century ballad "containing Arthurian material dating back to the year 1200." 1272:, where the fairy Morgane lives in the isle of Zeeland and has learned her magic from 1184: 823:

70 ("Three Blessed Womb-Burdens of the Island of Britain") – in which her children by

796: 9907: 9314: 9144: 8948: 8797: 8712: 8450: 8095: 8030: 7686: 7624: 7605: 7586: 7567: 7548: 7529: 7510: 7480: 7389: 7362: 7335: 7308: 7219: 7157: 7130: 7104: 7077: 7024: 6987: 6962: 6925: 6887: 6842: 6816: 6792: 6758:"The Realm of Prester John by Robert Silverberg, 1972 | Online Research Library" 6667: 6604: 6537: 6510: 6440: 6358: 6332: 6305: 6278: 6219: 6177: 6051: 6024: 5934: 5912: 5842: 5796: 5754: 5623: 5600: 5501: 5450: 5360: 5264: 5243: 5172: 5054: 5030: 4999: 4972: 4945: 4918: 4874: 4834: 4754: 4667: 4613: 4587: 4514: 4399: 4336: 4236: 4212: 4185: 4128: 3946: 3896: 3854: 3427: 3168: 2948: 2800: 2788: 2775:

Morgan further turns up frequently throughout the Western European literature of the

2670: 2352: 2315: 2214: 2088:, for instance, it is Morgan who finds Merlin, whom she "loves passionately". In the 2045: 1760: 1711: 1698: 1654: 1635: 1484:). Morgan the Wise is female in Chrétien's original, as well as in the Norse version 1439: 1367: 1082: 864: 856: 836: 729: 473: 469: 119: 51: 1862:"She was known to have studied magic while she was being brought up in the nunnery." 1794:

Morgan's role was greatly expanded by the unknown authors of the early-13th-century

1026: 61: 9881: 9397: 9117: 8998: 8988: 8921: 8814: 8725: 8364: 8170: 8150: 8105: 7450: 7016: 6954: 5904: 5193: 5046: 4870:

Arthurian Romances, Tales, and Lyric Poetry: The Complete Works of Hartmann Von Aue

4742: 4328: 3926: 3888: 3842: 3477: 3386: 3072: 3067: 2993: 2964: 2817: 2796: 2780: 2776: 2412: 2337: 2011: 1926: 1564: 1492: 1305: 1277: 1114: 977: 662: 597: 364: 313: 165: 72: 8540: 7645: 7385:

Rewriting Arthurian Romance in Renaissance France: From Manuscript to Printed Book

7240: 7100:

Handbook of Arthurian Romance: King Arthur's Court in Medieval European Literature

4537: 1991:

describes her as "wonderfully adept" and "working hard all the time." The Vulgate

1283: 10058: 9851: 9207: 9107: 9003: 8455: 8445: 8399: 8374: 8354: 8332: 8320: 8130: 8035: 7792: 7727: 7502: 6981: 6908: 6379: 5435: 4939: 4895: 4581: 4122: 4064: 3414:

Les grandes chroniques du grand et énorme géant Gargantua et il publie Pantagruel

3391: 3310: 3277: 2762: 2705: 2552:"With haughty, wicked eyes and lovely face, Studied him steadily a little space." 2360: 2248: 2049: 1938: 1934: 1886: 1835: 1780: 1537: 1497: 1486: 1447: 1417: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1221: 935: 892: 868: 828: 773: 765: 705: 499: 442: 299: 199: 9392: 4026:

La légende arthurienne, études et documents: Des origines à Geoffroy de Monmouth

2364: 2077:), begins a lifelong feud between Guinevere and Morgan, who leaves the court of 682: 107: 9437: 8893: 8689: 8529: 8517: 8292: 8246: 6178:"The Obstacle and the Way: Women and Gender in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" 3432: 3422: 3400: 3340: 3075:, Morgan is a protector of the eponymous hero and the mother of the fairy king 3050: 2998: 2678: 2546: 1803: 1749: 1533: 1425: 1399: 1363: 1237: 1200: 808: 753: 693: 430: 356: 251: 8327: 7020: 6867:"Popular Epics of the Middle Ages of the Norse-German and Carlovingian Cycles" 5050: 4055:

Charlotte Spivack, Roberta Lynne Staples. "Morgan le Fay: Goddess or Witch?".

3828:"From The Lady to The Tramp: The Decline of Morgan le Fay in Medieval Romance" 3417:(1532) and of the good Morgana in Erasmo di Valvasone's Italian didactic poem 3275:, since the 14th century. References linking Avalon to Sicily can be found in 2869: 2709:

where she is only "name-dropped" as a minor character. Middle English romance

2368: 2355:

for Lancelot as "the woman he most feared in the world." As told in the Prose

1524:

or derived from a common source, mentions King Arthur's chief physician named

1204: 741: 9957: 9937: 9427: 9352: 9232: 8807: 8671: 8597: 8205: 7990: 6966: 4340: 3900: 3080: 2880: 2757: 2697: 2585: 2398:, but her interest in him turns into burning hatred of him and his true love 2134: 2032:

Uther (or Arthur himself in the Post-Vulgate) betroths her to his ally, King

1807: 1799: 1548: 1156: 1122: 1012: 867:

including the motif of apple in connection to Avalon-like Otherworld isle of

646: 6958: 5926: 3455:

The character Morgan le Fay has become ubiquitous in Arthurian works of the

2756:

who takes an appearance of an elderly woman (contrasting from the beautiful

2752:), whose prior mentorship by Merlin is mentioned. Here, she is an ambiguous 542:

Morgan's character again rose to prominence in the 20th and 21st centuries,

9902: 9558: 9510: 9294: 9247: 9242: 9202: 8963: 8846: 8587: 8505: 8460: 8251: 8070: 8000: 7214:

World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: a Resource for Readers and Writers

4332: 3892: 3151:) after him; the shipwrecked Renoart ends up luckily rescued by a mermaid. 2741: 2422:, wherein Morgan presents herself as Arthur's full sister, she delivers by 2382:), a cousin of Tristan and Mark's enemy from a later addition in the Prose 2208:). However, her treacherous attempts to bring about Arthur's demise in the 2093: 1840: 1620: 1601:, the fairy lover of its variant of Guigomar (here as Guingamuer) is named 1511: 1287: 1054: 987: 844: 820: 658: 634: 608: 576: 452: 86: 7602:

King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition

6910:

L'enchanteur pourrissant: Éd. établie, présenté et annotée par Jean Burgos

5864:. Department of English Language and Literature, Masaryk University, Brno. 4746: 3846: 3794:'Wichecraft & Vilaine': Morgan le Fay in Medieval Arthurian Literature 2692:, Morgan appears in Arthur's dream as Lady Fortune (that is, the goddess 1648: 939:, written around the same time and with similar derision for this belief, 721: 9478: 9422: 9362: 9262: 9227: 9212: 9154: 9067: 8993: 8916: 8706: 8369: 8287: 8115: 8085: 8055: 7682: 6384:(in French). Centro interuniversitario di ricerche sul viaggio in Italia. 5908: 2904: 2792: 2784: 2626: 2610: 2498: 2310: 2205: 2163: 2126: 2019: 1818: 1556: 1430: 1351: 1264: 910: 902: 876: 812: 701: 669:(also known as Mari-Morgans or just Morgans), the Welsh and Breton fairy 562: 523: 409: 280: 203: 9407: 7153:"Der muoz mir süezer worte jehen": liber amicorum für Norbert Voorwinden 6099:"Morgan le Fay and the fairy mound in 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'" 5401:"The Tournament at Logres; King Lot and his Sons; and Morgan and Gyomar" 2767:

enigmatic Morgan might be, or might be not, also Lady Bertilak herself.

2740:, one of the best-known Arthurian tales, it is revealed that the entire 2649:). Malory also reused the magic mantle assassination plot from the Huth 2561: 1476:, in an episode in which the Lady of Norison restores the maddened hero 1067:, it elaborates some episodes from Geoffrey's more famous earlier work, 468:), to which Arthur was carried after having been fatally wounded at the 9846: 9650: 9309: 9252: 9237: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9062: 9042: 8841: 8771: 8736: 8272: 8241: 8185: 7902: 7822: 7462: 7205: 7044: 5201:. Department of English and American Studies, Masaryk University, Brno. 3938: 3456: 3396: 3264: 3148: 3013: 2984: 2919: 2617:") in the nunnery where she was raised, before being married to Urien ( 2614: 2411:

lance that was used to kill Huneson, enchants it, and sends it to King

1795: 1660: 1470:

Chrétien again refers to Morgan as a great healer in his later romance

1408: 1321: 1313: 1257:

in the original-text), there she first lustfully loves the Trojan hero

1242: 590: 490:– she is usually described as the youngest daughter of Arthur's mother 425: 421: 6558: 2744:

plot has been instigated by Gawain's aunt, the goddess Morgan le Fay (

1817:. (Both of these cycles are believed to be at least influenced by the 1670:). Loomis also linked her to the eponymous seductress evil queen from 909:

carried the dead Arthur to her island of Avalon (identified by him as

9342: 9124: 9102: 9052: 9047: 9025: 8602: 8475: 8267: 8236: 8210: 8145: 8120: 8010: 7980: 7932: 7922: 7757: 7752: 7722: 3737:. Department of Religious Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta. 3437: 2988: 2841: 2829: 2753: 2542: 2264: 1984: 1724: 1541: 1443: 1421: 1126: 1102: 620: 586: 527: 8898: 7842: 7454: 5034: 3930: 3917:

Loomis, Roger S. (1945). "Morgain La Fee and the Celtic Goddesses".

1231:

Geoffrey's description of Morgan is notably very similar to that in

769: 9933:

Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period

9856: 9599:

Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants

9417: 9299: 9217: 9057: 9020: 8836: 8394: 8384: 8359: 8349: 8339: 8200: 8155: 8125: 8050: 8020: 7985: 7960: 7927: 7892: 7872: 7827: 7782: 7702: 7242:

Arthuriana: Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend

6636:

on 1 April 2016 – via Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.

6098: 6072: 5140: 4734: 4058:

The Company of Camelot: Arthurian Characters in Romance and Fantasy

3286: 2728: 2469: 2260: 2227: 2223: 2190: 1959: 1955: 1933:. Her father dies in battle with the army of the British high king 1894: 1879:) first appears in the few surviving verses of the Old French poem 1639: 1624: 1619:, or Land of Joy; the text also mentions the mountain of Fâmorgân. 1607: 1412: 1335: 1326: 1273: 1211:

and its nine virgin priestesses believed by the continental Celtic

1208: 1164: 1152: 1118: 1011:(1908), featuring a later version of the character in a scene from 848: 792: 716:, was recorded as having a sister named Maithgen (daughter of king 535: 522:, and a capricious and vindictive adversary of some knights of the 507: 243: 191: 8856: 6142:"Sovereign Fantasies: Arthurian Romance and the Making of Britain" 5778:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive. 5616:

Hopkins, Amanda; Rouse, Robert Allen; Rushton, Cory James (2014).

5438:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive. 5300:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive. 5114:

King Arthur and the Grail: The Arthurian Legends and Their Meaning

4392:"Two Accounts of the Exhumation of Arthur's Body: Gerald of Wales" 4366: 2189:

to obtain the enchanted sword Excalibur as well as its protective

1831: 1528:. It is believed that this character, though considered a male in 9402: 9332: 9222: 8983: 8958: 8612: 8344: 8310: 8282: 8277: 8110: 8065: 8025: 7975: 7955: 7937: 7917: 7907: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7867: 7862: 7852: 7847: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7737: 7717: 6328:

Elf Queens and Holy Friars: Fairy Beliefs and the Medieval Church

5881:

Malory's Morgan le Fay: The Danger of Unrestrained Feminine Power

5312:"Bibliographical bulletin of the International Arthurian Society" 3460: 3209: 3177: 3132: 3046: 2956: 2693: 2538: 2423: 2395: 2309:"How Morgain granted Lancelot a leave from her prison to conquer 2303: 2268: 2186: 2078: 1972: 1963: 1930: 1890: 1706:, which contains a fictitious letter addressed by King Arthur to 1552: 1480:

to his senses with a magical potion provided by Morgan the Wise (

1359: 1317: 1078: 843:. Furthermore, the historical Urien had a treacherous ally named 832: 678: 531: 503: 495: 491: 413: 284: 235: 217: 187: 183: 1555:, and is later called on by Arthur to treat Geraint himself. In 692:

Further early inspiration for her figure likely came from other

9412: 9367: 9337: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9192: 9175: 9170: 9097: 8592: 8389: 8379: 8315: 8231: 8195: 8190: 8160: 8135: 8100: 8015: 7897: 7837: 7747: 7742: 6479:"Gateway to the Classics: The Story of Roland by James Baldwin" 4995:

Studies in Medieval Literature: A Memorial Collection of Essays

3372: 3268: 3256: 3184:, where she is kidnapped by the knight Burletta of the Desert ( 3076: 2837: 2646: 2605:

In Malory's backstory, Morgan has studied astrology as well as

2415:, her possible lover, who years later uses it to slay Tristan. 2399: 2240: 2041: 1967: 1958:, the latter of whom is the mother of Arthur's knights Gawain, 1951: 1643: 1503: 1300: 1268:(1330s), within the fourth book which is set in Britain during 1258: 1090: 1064: 860: 804: 803:

Morgan has also been often linked with the supernatural mother

519: 465: 276: 255: 247: 103: 5788: 5416: 5414: 4735:"Animal Encounters: Contacts and Concepts in Medieval Britain" 3877:"Objections to the Celtic origin of the "Matière de Bretagne"" 2983:) and they both are now forever young due to the power of the 2770: 2406:. In this story, Morgan's paramours include Huneson the Bald ( 1910:, also implies that Arthur's sister was later named after its 526:, all the while harbouring a special hatred for Arthur's wife 502:, is thus Morgan's half-brother, and her full sisters include 328: 9942: 9382: 9377: 9357: 9347: 9274: 9185: 9180: 9129: 9037: 9015: 9010: 8941: 8215: 8175: 8060: 8045: 7802: 7797: 7707: 6791:(Foundation Werkplaats Wetenschap, NL). Rubicon Press, 1987. 6301:

Mervelous Signals: Poetics and Sign Theory in the Middle Ages

6194:

Carson, Angela. "Morgain la Fee as the Principle of Unity in

5847:. New York Public Library. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 4557: 4555: 3225:. Evangelista Fossa combined and retold some of those in his 2825: 2642: 2622: 2219: 2044:(early versions have alternatively named Morgan's husband as 2033: 1477: 1464:

Voyage of King Arthur and Morgan le Fay to the Isle of Avalon

1403:, completed around 1170. In it, a love of Morgan (Morgue) is 1212: 1172: 1130: 1046: 913:), where he was buried. Writing in the early 13th century in 852: 840: 824: 781: 777: 737: 725: 674: 654: 515: 511: 417: 404:

among other names and spellings, is a powerful and ambiguous

266: 221: 115: 111: 4510:

Celtic Visions: Seership, Omens and Dreams of the Otherworld

2521: 322: 9372: 9304: 9072: 9030: 8005: 7832: 7732: 6122:

Williams, Edith Whitehurst. "Morgan La Fee as Trickster in

5411: 4478:

Morgan le Fay as Other in English Medieval and Modern Texts

2599: 1451: 1346:) and raised in her paradise island country of Meidelant (' 925:

invented the legend that some kind of a fantastic goddess (

922: 649:, who derived it from the original French descriptive form 464:) refers to Morgan in association with the Isle of Apples ( 347: 336: 6461:"Claris and Laris | Robbins Library Digital Projects" 5776:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 6)" 5436:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 1)" 5298:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 1)" 4552: 3501:

Variant spellings of the name in the manuscripts include:

1109:, Geoffrey describes this island in more detail and names 732:. Geoffrey's description of Morgen and her sisters in the 428:, particularly as portrayed in cyclical prose such as the 371:; all meaning 'Morgan the Fairy'), alternatively known as 7681: 7507:

Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain

3301:

places Morgan's secret mountain castle of Mongibel (also

2667:), as they disappear from the work's narrative together. 1979:

and begins her study of magic, going on to specialise in

1914:

character Morgane from several centuries earlier. In the

1373: 1085:, is taken off to the blessed Isle of Apple Trees (Latin 685:('Great Queen'). Proponents of this theory have included 325: 4178:

Newcomb, Jacky; Geddes-Ward, Alicen (29 November 2007).

1889:, who described her as an illegitimate daughter of Lady 1684:

satirical moral from the downfall of the English knight

1121:

to have him revived. She and her sisters are capable of

7304:

Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology

6943:"Il manoscritto quattrocentesco della " Ponzela Gaia "" 6073:"An Exploration of the Evolution of the Arthurian Myth" 5668:. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras (ULICES). 4992:

Loomis, Roger Sherman; Roberts, Ruth (18 August 1970).

3016:, after the battle with Mordred. Another Spanish work, 1679:

A recently discovered moralistic manuscript written in

1386:

or Argane; it is possible her name had been originally

1077:, Geoffrey relates how King Arthur, gravely wounded by 665:, and her main name could be connected to the myths of 6980:

Busby, Keith; Thompson, Raymond H. (8 November 2005).

6274:

Stages of Evil: Occultism in Western Theater and Drama

6215:

Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance

5239:

Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance

3441:, possibly originally written in 15th-century England. 3200:, in which Morgana heals the wounded Hector de Maris ( 3180:. Her daughter also appears, as Gaia Donzella, in the 2734:

At the end of the 14th-century Middle English romance

2233: 1646:. These characters include the Queen of Meidenlant in 1101:) is also mentioned as the place where Arthur's sword 950: 7334:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 108. 7210:; Sienkewicz, Thomas J.; McDonough, James T. (1999). 6506:

Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur

6020:

Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur

5844:

The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur

5553:

Creating Her Own Power: Morte Darthur's Morgan le Fay

2570:

The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur

2359:, they first meet in her magical domain known as the 344: 6623: 6152: 5817:"Accolon of Gaul | Robbins Library Digital Projects" 5619:

Sexual Culture in the Literature of Medieval Britain

5581: 5579: 5476: 5474: 5278: 5276: 4609:

Perceforest: The Prehistory of King Arthur's Britain

4263:

Magic and Femininity as Power in Medieval Literature

4164:

The Dwarfs of Arthurian Romance and Celtic Tradition

2402:

after he kills her lover as introduced in the Prose

1638:

motif, often appearing as (usually unnamed) wife of

1595:. In the anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien's 1155:, on strange wings. When she wishes, she is now at 917:, Gerald also wrote that "as a result, the fanciful 752:), as described by the 1st-century Roman geographer 333: 9989:

Fictional characters introduced in the 12th century

8570: 7150:Jongen, Ludo; Onderdelinden, Sjaak (1 April 1997). 7149: 7069: 6557:Torroella, Guillem de. Compagna, Anna Maria (ed.). 6529: 5899:Leitch, Megan G; Rushton, Cory James, eds. (2019). 5615: 4897:

Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance

4802:

Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance

4015:, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008, p. 273. 3638:Lot, Ferdinand, "Morgue la Fée et Morgan-Tud", in: 3255:in Italian, has been in particular associated with 2006: 1702:, a 12th-century (c. 1167–1169) Latin chronicle by 544:

appearing in a wide variety of roles and portrayals

341: 319: 316: 7526:Avalon Revisited: Reworkings of the Arthurian Myth 7211: 4177: 2497:Lancelot, which brings down the fellowship of the 1390:before it was changed in manuscript transmission. 980:) in her initial literary portrayal and role from 724:), whose name also appears as that of a prophetic 7564:Shapeshifter: The Manifestations of Morgan le Fay 7331:Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato: An Ethics of Desire 6869:. Macmillan and Company – via Google Books. 6377: 6175: 5576: 5471: 5273: 3734:Goddess Dethroned: The Evolution of Morgan le Fay 138:Human, fairy or goddess (depending on the source) 9955: 6017:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (15 January 1997). 5116:. London: Wedienfled and Nicholson. p. 123. 4266:. East Tennessee State University, Johnson City. 7178:"FOSSA, Evangelista in "Dizionario Biografico"" 7009:"La Tavola Ritonda: Magic and the Supernatural" 5214:, p. xxxvi of Thelma S. Fenster's introduction. 2334:How Morgan le Fay Gave a Shield to Sir Tristram 2092:, where Morgan's first lover is a knight named 1330:, translated by the end of the 12th century by 9456:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament 7271: 7096: 6841:. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020. 6630:Antología de libros de caballerías castellanas 5605:. New York Public Library. New York: Scribner. 5468:, p. xxxi of Thelma S. Fenster's introduction. 4231:Briggs, Katharine (1978). "Morgan le Fay". In 3314:wife Florete. The 15th-century French romance 3289:literature, for example in the aforementioned 2951:. In the 14th-century French Crusadic fantasy 9543:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts 8752: 8556: 7667: 7218:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 142. 6979: 6865:Ludlow, John Malcolm Forbes (6 August 1865). 6707:(in Catalan). 1 February 2004. Archived from 6701:"Bramimonda i els cavallers carolingis (778)" 6624:Dorothy A. Carpenter, ed. (21 October 2001). 5898: 5662:Morgan le Fay: The Inheritance of the Goddess 5602:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table 5262: 5141:"The Role of Women in the Arthurian Material" 4991: 3655:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 16; 458; 537; 702; 1602. 3297:. The 13th-century Chrétien-inspired romance 3032:, Morgana offers her love to Tristan. In the 2625:, Morgan deals mostly in "black" rather than 2288:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table 2156:Morgan le Fay Casts Away Excalibur's Scabbard 1658:, and the nameless heroine of the Breton lai 7129:. University of Wales Press. 15 April 2014. 6502: 6016: 5452:Stories from King Arthur and His Round Table 5314:. 21 February 1954 – via Google Books. 4733:Figg, Kristen; Crane, Susan (January 2014). 3330:) a sister known as the Lady Without Pride ( 2943:in the 14th-century Welsh fragment known as 1253:, likely a corruption of a spelling such as 569:The earliest spelling of the name (found in 7201: 7199: 7073:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition 6906: 6666:(in Spanish). Centro Estudios Cervantinos. 6660:Perdomo, María del Rosario Aguilar (2004). 6533:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition 6047:Arthurian Studies in Honour of P.J.C. Field 5792:Rethinking Medieval Margins and Marginality 3346:Ain Hupsches Vasnacht Spill von Künig Artus 3267:. As such she gave her name to the form of 2771:Other later portrayals in various countries 2185:, where she arranges for her devoted lover 1897:, after whose death she is adopted by King 1397:already mentions her in his first romance, 1377: 1052: 1005:How Four Queens Found Sir Lancelot Sleeping 985: 574: 450: 84: 8759: 8745: 8563: 8549: 7674: 7660: 7599: 6325:Green, Richard Firth (28 September 2016). 6176:Neimneh, Shadi; Al-Thebyan, Qusai (2012). 5434:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar) (1911). 5266:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 4817:, Columbia University Press, 1949, p. 488. 4815:Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes 4461:. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton. 4120: 2926:How the Fairies Came to See Ogier the Dane 2131:Stories of King Arthur and the Round Table 1857:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 1047:Geoffrey, Chrétien and other early authors 123: 60: 6808: 6596: 6212:Saunders, Corinne J. (13 February 2024). 5983: 5884:. Worcester State College. Archived from 5861:Femininity and Death in Arthurian Legends 5857: 5382: 5111: 4732: 4090:Preserved in Peniarth 147. See Bromwich, 3800:. University of Leicester. Archived from 3322:) gives Morgaine the Fairy of Montgibel ( 2522:Malory and other medieval English authors 2438: 708:. One of the proposed candidates for the 704:, and perhaps historical figures such as 8766: 7501: 7440: 7196: 6940: 6860: 6858: 6211: 5987:Women Characters in Arthurian Literature 5641: 5639: 5235: 4964: 4579: 4506: 3975:. Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond. 3354: 3235: 3154:The 14th-century Italian romance titled 3057:). In the 14th-century pseudo-chronicle 2959:, where it is visited by King Bauduins ( 2888:1780 English translation by Lewis Porney 2669: 2475: 2168:Tales of King Arthur and the Round Table 2025:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights 2010: 1850: 1846: 1457: 1334:from a now-lost French text, the infant 1312:; Gibel was the Arabic name of Sicily's 1282: 1183: 1063:. Purportedly an account of the life of 786: 736:closely resembles the story of the nine 553: 549: 7561: 7547:. Garland Publishing (published 2015). 7542: 7524:Faedo, María José Alvarez, ed. (2007). 7469: 7354: 7327: 7097:Tether, Leah; McFadyen, Johnny (2017). 6659: 6626:"Arderique: (1517) [selección]" 5873: 5871: 5658: 5263:Knowles, James; Malory, Thomas (1895). 5191: 5164: 4937: 4911:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1 August 2005). 4532: 4530: 4491: 4160: 4049: 3968: 3790: 3671: 1806:cycle, and its subsequent rewrite, the 1241:(c. 1155–1160), a story of the ancient 689:, who doubted the Muirgen connection. 441:Her character may have originated from 14: 9956: 9862:List of people executed for witchcraft 7381: 7103:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 7006: 6930:(in Italian) (1893 ed.). Firenze. 6864: 6755: 6597:Martorell, Joanot (4 September 2013). 6158:Albert B. Friedman, "Morgan le Fay in 5979: 5977: 5703: 5701: 5564:from the original on 25 September 2023 5433: 5029: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4910: 4866: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4470: 4468: 4451: 4364: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4259: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4121:Koch, John T.; Minard, Antone (2012). 3916: 3874: 3730: 3702: 1929:(or Tintagel) who today best known as 1867:This version of Morgan (usually named 1785:Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 1778:Queen Morgan le Fay took the scabbard. 1732: 1496:. While the fairy Modron is mother of 756:, strongly suggesting that Pomponius' 9831:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire 8740: 8544: 7655: 7618: 7523: 7238: 6923: 6855: 6556: 6503:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (1997). 6324: 6297: 6139: 6043: 5636: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5389:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 5378: 5376: 5101:. Autonomous University of Barcelona. 5091: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 4893: 4659: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4496:. H.G. Bohn – via Google Books. 4481:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 4474: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4204: 4103: 4038: 4036: 4034: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3912: 3910: 3825: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3271:common off the shores of Sicily, the 3087:, a prose redaction of the epic poem 3061:written by the French-Belgian author 2824:, in which she visits a contemporary 1652:, the lady of Castellum Puellarum in 1320:) through a fountain to gift him her 1203:, who has described an oracle at the 901:, a noblewoman and close relative of 740:priestesses of the isle of Sena (now 696:, as well as possibly other works of 510:. The young Morgan unhappily marries 8665:The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady 7580: 7300: 6879: 6603:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 6432: 6378:Thomas III; Chaubet, Daniel (2001). 6331:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 6270: 5960: 5877: 5868: 5840: 5747:Lacy, Norris J. (21 February 2010). 5746: 5598: 5493: 5448: 5352: 4971:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 4538:"The Camelot Project: Morgan le Fay" 4527: 4507:Matthews, Caitlin (1 January 2012). 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 1942:best-known version, her sisters are 1686:Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall 1507:, an early 13th-century Breton lai. 1228:was a relatively little-known text. 561:(Italian for 'Morgan the Fairy') by 6927:Pulzella Gaia: Cantare Cavalleresco 5974: 5774:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar). 5750:Lancelot-Grail: The death of Arthur 5698: 5407:. Robbins Library Digital Projects. 5356:Lancelot-Grail: The story of Merlin 5296:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar). 5012: 4826: 4568: 4492:Herbert, Algernon (14 March 1836). 4465: 4246: 4068:(Greenwood Press, 2000), pp. 32–45. 3375:of the historical Charlemagne). In 2234:Lancelot, Tristan and other knights 1855:W. H. Margetson's illustration for 1563:, the 12th-century knight and poet 1338:is spirited away by a water fairy ( 1324:of protection. In the romance poem 951:Medieval and Renaissance literature 27:Enchantress in the Arthurian legend 24: 10074:People whose existence is disputed 9928:Left-hand path and right-hand path 9503:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus 7528:. Literary Criticism. Peter Lang. 6044:Field, P. J. C. (18 August 2004). 5773: 5540: 5373: 5295: 5138: 5074: 4931: 4626: 4565:, Walter de Gruyter, 1991, p. 209. 4440: 4347: 4317:"Morgain la fée in oral tradition" 4283: 4031: 3969:Shearer, John Christopher (2017). 3953: 3907: 3685: 3359:Morgana and Orlando as painted by 2820:'s late-13th-century French farce 2549:'s poem "Accolon of Gaul" (1907). 2452:). In the Post-Vulgate version of 1893:with an initially unnamed Duke of 1438:, the daughter of the King of the 969:The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon 673:related to the legend of Princess 25: 10095: 7639: 6271:Lima, Robert (23 December 2005). 6096: 6070: 5327:Scotland and the Arthurian Legend 4968:Sir Gawain: Knight of the Goddess 4914:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance 4208:A Companion to Wolfram's Parzival 4028:, H. Champion, 1929, pp. 303–307. 3741: 3715: 3658: 3444: 3411:' French satirical fantasy novel 3261:Norman conquest of southern Italy 1292:Prince Arthur and the Fairy Queen 1059:, written by Norman-Welsh cleric 776:sorceresses or goddesses such as 8523: 8511: 8499: 7543:Fenster, Thelma S., ed. (1996). 7434: 7421: 7402: 7375: 7348: 7321: 7301:Bane, Theresa (30 August 2013). 7294: 7265: 7252: 7232: 7170: 7143: 7117: 7090: 7063: 7037: 7000: 6973: 6934: 6917: 6900: 6873: 6829: 6802: 6781: 6768: 6749: 6723: 6693: 6680: 6653: 6640: 6617: 6590: 6577: 6550: 6523: 6496: 6471: 6453: 6426: 6413: 6400:Robbins Library Digital Projects 6388: 6371: 6345: 6318: 6298:Vance, Eugene (1 January 1989). 6291: 6277:. University Press of Kentucky. 6264: 6245: 6232: 6205: 6188: 6169: 6133: 6116: 6090: 6064: 6037: 6010: 5997: 5954: 5941: 5892: 5851: 5834: 5809: 5782: 5767: 5740: 5558:University of Texas-Pan American 4965:Matthews, John (25 March 2003). 3581: 3571: 3113:The Boke of Duke Huon of Burdeux 2918: 2897: 2799:) and written mostly in various 2567:Howard Pyle's illustration from 2560: 2530: 2326: 2302: 2285:Howard Pyle's illustration from 2278: 2148: 2115: 2007:Schism with Guinevere and Arthur 1770: 1741: 1598:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 1051:Morgan first appears by name in 1025: 996: 959: 772:, and elements of the classical 312: 9974:Female characters in literature 8573:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 7566:. Western Michigan University. 7494: 7361:. University of Toronto Press. 6907:Apollinaire, Guillaume (1972). 6160:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 6124:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 5727: 5714: 5685: 5672: 5652: 5609: 5592: 5527: 5514: 5487: 5459: 5442: 5427: 5393: 5346: 5333: 5318: 5304: 5289: 5256: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5185: 5158: 5132: 5120: 5105: 4985: 4958: 4904: 4887: 4867:Vivian, Kim (1 November 2010). 4860: 4847: 4820: 4807: 4794: 4781: 4768: 4726: 4713: 4700: 4687: 4600: 4586:. Routledge. pp. 149–150. 4500: 4485: 4427: 4414: 4384: 4270: 4225: 4198: 4171: 4154: 4141: 4114: 4097: 4084: 4071: 4018: 4005: 3992: 3979: 3561: 3548: 3495: 3451:Morgan le Fay in modern culture 2737:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1787:by Janet MacDonald Clark (1914) 1195:In the making of this arguably 807:, derived from the continental 603:, the masculine form of which, 585:, which is likely derived from 518:. She becomes an apprentice of 9626:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy 9487:Summis desiderantes affectibus 8471:King Arthur's messianic return 6913:(in French). Lettres modernes. 5550:Scott, Cynthia A. (May 2014). 5195:Magic in the Arthurian Legends 4660:Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). 4315:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1959). 4235:, p. 303. New York: Pantheon. 4184:. Hay House, Inc. p. 93. 3875:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1958). 3868: 3819: 3645: 3632: 3607: 3389:'s continuation of this tale, 3216:, a standalone version of the 931:King Arthur's messianic return 534:, with an unrequited love for 32:Morgan le Fay (disambiguation) 13: 1: 7600:Larrington, Carolyne (2006). 7585:. University of Wales Press. 7509:. University of Wales Press. 7013:Handbook of Arthurian Romance 5236:Saunders, Corinne J. (2010). 5165:Markale, Jean (1 June 1995). 4663:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 4475:Capps, Sandra Elaine (1996). 3989:, Cengage Gale, 1994, p. 119. 3595: 3324:Morgaine, la fée de Montgibel 1611:, another German knight-poet 1520:, either based on Chrétien's 1473:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion 1393:The 12th-century French poet 933:. In his encyclopaedic work, 839:, wherein their son is named 728:in the Irish legend of Saint 498:. Arthur, son of Igraine and 458: 9631:accusations against children 9527:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 7562:Thebert, Jill Marie (2008). 7477:Popular Arthurian Traditions 7388:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 6632:(in Spanish). Archived from 5753:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 5622:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 5330:. Retrieved 26 January 2010. 4205:Hasty, Will (1 April 1999). 3615:"Definition of FATA MORGANA" 3600: 2909:Morgan le Fay with Excalibur 2864:(c. 1270), has its Morgan ( 2858:Li Romans de Claris et Laris 2685:In the c. 1400 English poem 2501:. At the end of the Vulgate 2065:and expanded in the Vulgate 1191:by Edward Burne-Jones (1862) 1015:'s 15th-century compilation 879:or even outright a goddess ( 7: 8630:Gawain and the Green Knight 7545:Arthurian Women: A Casebook 7382:Taylor, Jane H. M. (2014). 7260:King Arthur's Enchantresses 6883:Fairies in Medieval Romance 6787:Sion, C.M.H. (translated). 6776:King Arthur's Enchantresses 6436:Fairies in Medieval Romance 6196:Gawain and the Green Knight 5961:Keys, Amanda Leigh (2009). 5949:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5735:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5722:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5709:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5693:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5647:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5587:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5522:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5482:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5341:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5284:King Arthur's Enchantresses 5112:Cavendish, Richard (1978). 5092:Zafra, Laura Calvo (2015). 4855:King Arthur's Enchantresses 4776:King Arthur's Enchantresses 4580:Goodrich, Peter H. (2004). 4435:King Arthur's Enchantresses 4161:Harward, Vernon J. (1958). 3731:Carver, Dax Donald (2006). 3466: 3285:, as well as in Breton and 3198:Cantare di Astore e Morgana 2609:(which might actually mean 1696:) is also mentioned in the 799:fresco (early 14th century) 768:such as the mother of hero 596:, meaning 'sea-born' (from 514:, with whom she has a son, 10: 10100: 9551:Daemonolatreiae libri tres 8466:Historicity of King Arthur 6941:Varanini, Giorgio (1959). 6809:Keightley, Thomas (1828). 6688:The Arthur of the Iberians 6648:The Arthur of the Iberians 6585:The Arthur of the Iberians 6240:The Arthur of the Iberians 5984:Kopřivová, Monika (2007). 5970:. Baylor University, Waco. 5659:Martins, Ana Rita (2015). 5383:Pomerleau, Lainie (2013). 4894:Paton, Lucy Allen (1903). 4827:Aue, Hartmann Von (1982). 4804:, Ginn, 1903, pp. 259–274. 3448: 3326:, as she is also known in 3127:) and her sister Marsion ( 3103:, the 15th-century French 3101:Chanson de Lion de Bourges 3071:story of another Paladin, 3018:Francisco de Enciso Zárate 2349:Knights of the Round Table 2104:) for her. In the Vulgate 1630:Speculatively, Loomis and 1490:, but male in the English 1115:nine magical queen sisters 29: 9895: 9874: 9839: 9823: 9781: 9730: 9699: 9668: 9659: 9616: 9609: 9583:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men 9446: 9323: 9163: 8976: 8909: 8785: 8778: 8720:Honi soit qui mal y pense 8699: 8681: 8656: 8621: 8580: 8494: 8438: 8410: 8301: 8260: 8224: 7946: 7811: 7693: 7621:The Myth of Morgan la Fey 7166:– via Google Books. 7049:Maria Bendinelli Predelli 7021:10.1515/9783110432466-023 6851:– via Google Books. 6421:The Myth of Morgan la Fey 6367:– via Google Books. 6341:– via Google Books. 6314:– via Google Books. 6287:– via Google Books. 6200:Modern Language Quarterly 6166:, volume 35, pp. 260–274. 6060:– via Google Books. 6005:The Myth of Morgan la Fey 5901:A New Companion to Malory 5858:Puškášová, Pavla (2013). 5805:– via Google Books. 5763:– via Google Books. 5556:(M.A.). Edinburg, Texas: 5269:. New York: Warne and Co. 5192:Orlická, Barbora (2012). 5181:– via Google Books. 5070:– via Academia.edu. 5051:10.1017/9781846156113.004 5008:– via Google Books. 4981:– via Google Books. 4708:The Myth of Morgan la Fey 4523:– via Google Books. 4513:. Watkins Media Limited. 4452:Oliver, Cheyenne (2015). 4221:– via Google Books. 4104:Guest, Charlotte (1877). 4044:The Myth of Morgan la Fey 4002:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 146. 3791:Enstone, Zoë Eve (2011). 3483:Medieval female sexuality 3119:, the early-13th-century 3036:('folk tale' in Catalan) 2464:, also known as just the 2259:include the opponents of 2251:in the late 13th-century 2226:sent a poisoned tunic to 1987:) and healing; the Prose 1759:with another lady at the 1755:shows Morgan discovering 1270:Julius Caesar's invasions 1097:in the Welsh versions of 1070:Historia Regum Britanniae 898:De instructione principis 817:medieval Welsh literature 795:under an apple tree in a 698:medieval Irish literature 272: 261: 227: 213: 158: 150: 142: 134: 129: 98: 80: 59: 49: 44: 10019:Fictional mathematicians 9999:Fictional Christian nuns 9979:Female literary villains 9913:Christian views on magic 9591:The Discovery of Witches 9463:Directorium Inquisitorum 7619:Pérez, Kristina (2014). 7355:Cavallo, Jo Ann (2004). 7328:Cavallo, Jo Ann (1993). 6924:Rajna, Pio, ed. (1893). 6880:Wade, J. (23 May 2011). 6483:gatewaytotheclassics.com 6433:Wade, J. (23 May 2011). 6218:. Boydell & Brewer. 6140:Clare, Patricia (2001). 5903:. Boydell & Brewer. 5500:. Boydell & Brewer. 5494:Lacy, Norris J. (2010). 5359:. Boydell & Brewer. 5353:Lacy, Norris J. (2010). 5242:. Boydell & Brewer. 5168:Merlin: Priest of Nature 4917:. Chicago Review Press. 4666:. Taylor & Francis. 4211:. Boydell & Brewer. 3488: 3320:The Knight of the Parrot 3241:Fata Morgana; Nude Study 3227:Innamoramento di Galvano 3111:'s 16th-century English 2939:A human Morgan is named 2613:in general rather than " 2462:The Death of King Arthur 1721:Morganis nympha perennis 1540:cognate or borrowing of 1462:Frank William Warwick's 1369:The Chronicle of Britain 1093:, to be healed; Avalon ( 1037:John R. Spencer Stanhope 976:(1898), showing Morgan ( 758:Description of the World 720:, a 6th-century king of 10064:Mythological princesses 10029:Fictional shapeshifters 9519:De praestigiis daemonum 9471:De maleficis mulieribus 8106:Lady/Ladies of the Lake 7007:Murgia, Giulia (2017). 6959:10.3406/scrip.1959.3001 6357:. BRILL. 6 March 2017. 6304:. U of Nebraska Press. 5878:Saul, MaryLynn (2010). 5449:Clay, Beatrice (1913). 4833:. U of Nebraska Press. 4813:Loomis, Roger Sherman. 4396:Encyclopædia Britannica 3826:Fries, Maureen (1994). 3681:. University of Vienna. 3619:www.merriam-webster.com 3316:La Chevalier du Papegau 3206:Cantari del Falso Scudo 2963:). In his 14th-century 2961:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 2836:), a demonic prince of 1748:An illustration of the 927:dea quaedam phantastica 130:In-universe information 10034:Fictional Welsh people 9575:Compendium Maleficarum 9567:Magical Investigations 9458:(8th–2nd centuries BC) 8375:Land/Castle of Maidens 7648:at The Camelot Project 7623:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7239:Green, Thomas (2009). 5171:. Simon and Schuster. 4938:Markale, Jean (1999). 4365:Larrington, Carolyne. 4333:10.3406/roma.1959.3184 4167:. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 3893:10.3406/roma.1958.3112 3672:Dalecky, Elke (2008). 3642:28 (1899), pp. 321–28. 3364: 3248: 3231:Gawain Falling in Love 3186:Burletta della Diserta 3083:. In the 14th-century 2987:. In the 15th-century 2885: 2682: 2584:Middle English writer 2493: 2454:Queste del Saint Graal 2439:Later years and Avalon 2380:Alisaunder le Orphelin 2029: 2003: 1864: 1798:prose romances of the 1729: 1667:Sir Perceval of Galles 1613:Wolfram von Eschenbach 1587: 1467: 1378: 1332:Ulrich von Zatzikhoven 1295: 1233:Benoît de Sainte-Maure 1192: 1181: 1053: 1009:William Frank Calderon 986: 800: 581:, written c. 1150) is 575: 566: 494:and her first husband 451: 368: 361:Morgên y Dylwythen Deg 360: 85: 10044:Family of King Arthur 9984:Fictional astronomers 9198:Cloak of invisibility 8954:Solitary practitioner 8867:Witch-cult hypothesis 6789:Saints and She-Devils 5841:Pyle, Howard (1910). 5599:Pyle, Howard (1905). 4747:10.1353/art.2014.0022 4540:. D.lib.rochester.edu 4260:McGill, Anna (2015). 3847:10.1353/art.1994.0018 3703:Mangle, Josh (2018). 3425:'s English epic poem 3379:'s late-15th-century 3361:George Frederic Watts 3358: 3239: 3059:Ly Myreur des Histors 3045:In the legend of the 2953:Le Bâtard de Bouillon 2876: 2860:better known as just 2846:Thomas III of Saluzzo 2673: 2479: 2069:and the Post-Vulgate 2022:'s illustration from 2014: 1998: 1854: 1847:Family and upbringing 1717: 1673:The Queen of Scotland 1582: 1461: 1350:'). Ulrich's unnamed 1286: 1187: 1148: 984:'s 12th-century poem 790: 557: 550:Etymology and origins 10079:Supernatural legends 10014:Fictional kidnappers 9964:Arthurian characters 9918:Magical organization 9433:Witches of Benevento 8638:Sword of the Valiant 8141:Lynette and Lyonesse 7966:Angharad Golden-Hand 7788:Ambrosius Aurelianus 7581:Hook, David (2015). 7272:Therese SAINT PAUL. 7015:. pp. 355–372. 6756:Silverberg, Robert. 6711:on 23 September 2020 6130:96 (1985), p. 38-56. 5909:10.2307/j.ctv136bvg0 5888:on 25 November 2015. 5039:Arthurian Literature 4873:. Penn State Press. 4149:Trioedd Ynys Prydein 4092:Trioedd Ynys Prydein 4079:Trioedd Ynys Prydein 4063:18 June 2018 at the 4011:Hofeneder, Andreas, 3987:Geoffrey of Monmouth 3985:Curley, Michael J., 3473:King Arthur's family 3377:Matteo Maria Boiardo 3332:la Dame sans Orgueil 3295:La Bataille Loquifer 3121:La Bataille Loquifer 2973:Guillem de Torroella 2928:by H.J. Ford (1921) 2852:, the fairy Morgan ( 2783:, as well as of the 2663:her "dear brother" ( 2631:Christian demonology 2545:'s illustration for 2388:Prophéties de Merlin 2367:and the Celtic hero 2253:Prophéties de Merlin 2222:'s affection or how 2162:'s illustration for 2059:Lancelot und Ginevra 2016:Queen Morgana Le Fey 1802:, also known as the 1783:'s illustration for 1757:her unfaithful lover 1517:Geraint son of Erbin 1113:as the chief of the 1061:Geoffrey of Monmouth 982:Geoffrey of Monmouth 895:in his 12th-century 819:. Modron appears in 687:Roger Sherman Loomis 619:; a cognate form in 571:Geoffrey of Monmouth 447:Geoffrey of Monmouth 174:King Arthur's family 93:Geoffrey of Monmouth 30:For other uses, see 10084:Witches in folklore 10069:Mythological queens 10049:Literary archetypes 10009:Fictional goddesses 9994:Fictional immortals 9535:Newes from Scotland 9495:Malleus Maleficarum 8872:Anglo-Saxon England 7248:. The Lindes Press. 7208:Acquah-Dadzie, Kofi 7045:"Cantari arturiani" 6812:The Fairy Mythology 6465:d.lib.rochester.edu 6381:Le chevalier errant 6202:23 (1962), p. 3-16. 5821:d.lib.rochester.edu 5405:d.lib.rochester.edu 4800:Paton, Lucy Allen. 4612:. DS Brewer. 2011. 3369:Italian Renaissance 3328:Floriant et Florete 3309:, derived from the 3299:Floriant et Florete 3194:Cantari di Tristano 3123:, the fays Morgan ( 3097:Tristan de Nanteuil 3079:by none other than 2945:The Birth of Arthur 2850:Le Chevalier Errant 2637:, Lancelot rescues 2596:The Death of Arthur 2486:The Death of Arthur 2458:La Mort le Roi Artu 2123:Queen Morgan le Fay 1954:sometimes known as 1950:) and the Queen of 1733:French prose cycles 1708:Henry II of England 1681:Anglo-Norman French 1422:Guingamor's own lai 681:of strife known as 508:the Queen of Orkney 408:from the legend of 265:Various, including 234:Various, including 39:Fictional character 10024:Fictional prophets 9887:Witches in fiction 9875:In popular culture 9449:historic treatises 8530:History portal 8518:England portal 8486:Tristan and Iseult 8481:Knight of the Swan 8081:Guiron le Courtois 8041:Elaine of Corbenic 7971:Anguish of Ireland 7206:Adeleye, Gabriel; 6983:Gawain: A Casebook 6764:on 3 October 2015. 6396:"Claris and Laris" 6254:Jeu de la feuillée 6148:on 3 October 2015. 4941:Les dames du Graal 4583:Merlin: A Casebook 3382:Orlando Innamorato 3365: 3338:). Meanwhile, the 3251:Morgan le Fay, or 3249: 3245:John Macallan Swan 3022:Florambel de Lucea 2822:Jeu de la feuillée 2804:False Trickery". 2712:Arthour and Merlin 2683: 2639:Elaine of Corbenic 2494: 2450:Morgue la dieuesse 2125:, illustration by 2030: 1865: 1830:connected it with 1828:Richard Kieckhefer 1815:Post-Vulgate Cycle 1557:the German version 1468: 1395:Chrétien de Troyes 1296: 1193: 974:Edward Burne-Jones 941:Gervase of Tilbury 915:Speculum ecclesiae 801: 567: 478:Chrétien de Troyes 474:chivalric romances 436:Post-Vulgate Cycle 154:Enchantress, queen 10039:Fictional witches 9951: 9950: 9908:Witch (archetype) 9870: 9869: 9819: 9818: 9145:Sympathetic magic 8972: 8971: 8734: 8733: 8713:The Greene Knight 8538: 8537: 8451:Battle of Camlann 8225:Animal characters 8181:Percival's sister 8031:Elaine of Astolat 7687:Matter of Britain 7630:978-1-137-33298-1 7611:978-1-78453-041-9 7592:978-1-78316-243-7 7573:978-0-549-75664-4 7554:978-0-203-76081-9 7535:978-3-03911-231-9 7516:978-0-7083-1386-2 7395:978-1-84384-365-8 7368:978-0-8020-8915-1 7314:978-1-4766-1242-3 7225:978-0-86516-423-9 7136:978-1-78316-051-8 7110:978-3-11-043246-6 7083:978-1-136-60633-5 7030:978-3-11-043246-6 6993:978-1-136-78351-7 6893:978-0-230-11915-4 6848:978-1-78683-743-1 6822:978-1-365-61978-6 6673:978-84-88333-97-1 6610:978-0-307-82854-5 6543:978-1-136-60633-5 6516:978-1-60925-146-8 6446:978-0-230-11915-4 6364:978-90-04-34109-8 6338:978-0-8122-4843-2 6225:978-1-84384-221-7 6057:978-1-84384-013-8 6030:978-1-57863-024-0 5918:978-1-78744-444-7 5802:978-1-000-03484-4 5760:978-1-84384-230-9 5629:978-1-84384-379-5 5507:978-1-84384-238-5 5366:978-1-84384-234-7 5249:978-1-84384-221-7 5178:978-1-62055-450-0 5060:978-1-84615-611-3 5005:978-0-8337-4733-4 4978:978-0-89281-970-6 4951:978-2-85704-604-2 4924:978-1-61373-210-6 4880:978-0-271-04359-3 4840:978-0-8032-7329-0 4673:978-0-8153-2865-0 4619:978-1-84384-262-0 4593:978-1-135-58340-8 4520:978-1-78028-272-5 4402:on 3 October 2013 4218:978-1-57113-152-2 4181:A Faerie Treasury 4134:978-1-59884-964-6 3555:Richard Cavendish 3428:The Faerie Queene 3409:François Rabelais 3169:La Tavola Ritonda 3063:Jean d'Outremeuse 3030:Tristán de Leonis 3008:begins where the 2932: 2801:Romance languages 2789:Matter of Britain 2660:Le Morte d'Arthur 2591:Le Morte d'Arthur 2577: 2553: 2446:Morgain-la-déesse 2431:. In the Vulgate 2319:c. 1494 or later) 2316:Lancelot en prose 2295: 2141: 2046:Nentres of Garlot 1899:Neutres of Garlot 1863: 1761:Vale of No Return 1712:Duchy of Brittany 1699:Draco Normannicus 1655:De Ortu Waluuanii 1636:Castle of Maidens 1579:, Fairy Murgan): 1440:Celtic Otherworld 1207:off the coast of 1083:Battle of Camlann 1018:Le Morte d'Arthur 857:Celtic Otherworld 730:Brigid of Kildare 718:Áedán mac Gabráin 710:historical Arthur 487:Le Morte d'Arthur 470:Battle of Camlann 305: 304: 180:Le Morte d'Arthur 52:Matter of Britain 16:(Redirected from 10091: 10054:Matter of France 10004:Fictional giants 9882:Magic in fiction 9712:Northern Moravia 9666: 9665: 9646:Papua New Guinea 9614: 9613: 9398:Nine sorceresses 9150:Witches' Sabbath 8999:Ceremonial magic 8989:Apotropaic magic 8783: 8782: 8761: 8754: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8726:Pearl Manuscript 8646:The Green Knight 8565: 8558: 8551: 8542: 8541: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8506:Wales portal 8504: 8503: 8502: 8365:Esplumoir Merlin 8171:Nine sorceresses 8151:Mark of Cornwall 8036:Elaine of Benoic 7948:Other characters 7833:Bors the Younger 7728:Elaine of Garlot 7676: 7669: 7662: 7653: 7652: 7634: 7615: 7596: 7577: 7558: 7539: 7520: 7503:Bromwich, Rachel 7488: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7438: 7432: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7341:978-0-8386-35346 7325: 7319: 7318: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7281:Era.lib.ed.ac.uk 7278: 7269: 7263: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7217: 7203: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6862: 6853: 6852: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6806: 6800: 6785: 6779: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6760:. Archived from 6753: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6697: 6691: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6657: 6651: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6594: 6588: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6509:. Weiser Books. 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6430: 6424: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6249: 6243: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6209: 6203: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6173: 6167: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6144:. Archived from 6137: 6131: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6097:North, Richard. 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6023:. Weiser Books. 6014: 6008: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5981: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5958: 5952: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5875: 5866: 5865: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5744: 5738: 5731: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5705: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5656: 5650: 5643: 5634: 5633: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5596: 5590: 5583: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5547: 5538: 5531: 5525: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5431: 5425: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5350: 5344: 5337: 5331: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5271: 5270: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5089: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5033:(January 2008). 5027: 5010: 5009: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4798: 4792: 4785: 4779: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4730: 4724: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4698: 4695:Avalon Revisited 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4657: 4624: 4623: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4577: 4566: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4449: 4438: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4398:. Archived from 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4362: 4345: 4344: 4327:(319): 337–367. 4312: 4281: 4278:Avalon Revisited 4274: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4244: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4191:978-1-8485-06930 4175: 4169: 4168: 4158: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4029: 4022: 4016: 4009: 4003: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3966: 3951: 3950: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3807:on 9 August 2017 3806: 3799: 3788: 3739: 3738: 3728: 3713: 3712: 3700: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3669: 3656: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3611: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3499: 3478:Margot the fairy 3387:Ludovico Ariosto 3212:. Other include 3160:The Merry Maiden 3156:La Pulzella Gaia 3117:chanson de geste 3073:Huon of Bordeaux 3068:chanson de geste 2930: 2922: 2901: 2889: 2862:Claris and Laris 2818:Adam de la Halle 2797:Matter of France 2781:Late Middle Ages 2750:Morgne þe goddes 2698:Wheel of Fortune 2645:'s treatment of 2575: 2564: 2551: 2534: 2482:La Mort d'Arthur 2413:Mark of Cornwall 2338:Aubrey Beardsley 2330: 2306: 2293: 2282: 2152: 2139: 2119: 1927:Duke of Cornwall 1861: 1774: 1745: 1704:Étienne de Rouen 1617:Terre de la Joie 1565:Hartmann von Aue 1493:Ywain and Gawain 1381: 1306:Occitan language 1278:Lady of the Lake 1058: 1029: 1000: 991: 978:with her sisters 963: 891:). According to 815:and featured in 714:Artuir mac Áedán 663:Celtic mythology 631:Celtic Christian 629:, the name of a 598:Common Brittonic 580: 463: 460: 456: 369:Morgen an Spyrys 354: 353: 350: 349: 346: 343: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 297: 289:Kingdom of Gorre 231: 204:Arthur Pendragon 90: 81:First appearance 73:Frederick Sandys 64: 42: 41: 21: 10099: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10088: 9954: 9953: 9952: 9947: 9891: 9866: 9835: 9815: 9777: 9731:Northern Europe 9726: 9695: 9655: 9605: 9448: 9442: 9325: 9319: 9258:Magical weapons 9208:Flying ointment 9159: 9004:Magical formula 8968: 8905: 8852:Greece and Rome 8774: 8765: 8735: 8730: 8695: 8677: 8652: 8617: 8576: 8569: 8539: 8534: 8524: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8490: 8456:Dolorous Stroke 8446:Battle of Badon 8434: 8406: 8400:Tintagel Castle 8355:Chapel perilous 8333:Val sans retour 8321:Glastonbury Tor 8297: 8256: 8220: 8071:Green Knight(s) 7996:Black Knight(s) 7981:Balin and Balan 7942: 7814: 7807: 7793:Uther Pendragon 7689: 7680: 7642: 7637: 7631: 7612: 7604:. I.B. Tauris. 7593: 7574: 7555: 7536: 7517: 7497: 7492: 7491: 7474: 7470: 7455:10.2307/2856494 7439: 7435: 7426: 7422: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7326: 7322: 7315: 7299: 7295: 7285: 7283: 7276: 7270: 7266: 7257: 7253: 7245: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7204: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7095: 7091: 7084: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7005: 7001: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6939: 6935: 6922: 6918: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6878: 6874: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6823: 6807: 6803: 6786: 6782: 6773: 6769: 6754: 6750: 6740: 6738: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6685: 6681: 6674: 6658: 6654: 6645: 6641: 6622: 6618: 6611: 6600:Tirant Lo Blanc 6595: 6591: 6582: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6447: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6269: 6265: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6210: 6206: 6193: 6189: 6174: 6170: 6157: 6153: 6138: 6134: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6015: 6011: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5959: 5955: 5946: 5942: 5919: 5897: 5893: 5876: 5869: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5787: 5783: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5745: 5741: 5732: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5699: 5690: 5686: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5577: 5567: 5565: 5548: 5541: 5532: 5528: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5472: 5466:Arthurian Women 5464: 5460: 5447: 5443: 5432: 5428: 5419: 5412: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5351: 5347: 5338: 5334: 5323: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5294: 5290: 5281: 5274: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5224:Arthurian Women 5222: 5218: 5212:Arthurian Women 5210: 5206: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5137: 5133: 5127:Arthurian Women 5125: 5121: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5090: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5031:Twomey, Michael 5028: 5013: 5006: 4998:. B. Franklin. 4990: 4986: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4909: 4905: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4825: 4821: 4812: 4808: 4799: 4795: 4786: 4782: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4714: 4705: 4701: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4658: 4627: 4620: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4578: 4569: 4561:Schöning, Udo, 4560: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4490: 4486: 4473: 4466: 4458: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4428: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4363: 4348: 4313: 4284: 4275: 4271: 4258: 4247: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4102: 4098: 4089: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4065:Wayback Machine 4054: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4024:Faral, Edmond, 4023: 4019: 4010: 4006: 3997: 3993: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3954: 3931:10.2307/2854594 3915: 3908: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3789: 3742: 3729: 3716: 3709:Graduate Theses 3701: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3562: 3553: 3549: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3469: 3453: 3447: 3392:Orlando Furioso 3278:Otia Imperialia 3174:The Round Table 3085:Ogier le Danois 3039:La fada Morgana 2994:Tirant lo Blanc 2937: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2881:knight-errantry 2866:Morgane la Faye 2773: 2763:deus ex machina 2706:Roman de Waldef 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2535: 2524: 2441: 2386:as well as the 2361:Val sans Retour 2345: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2283: 2249:Hector de Maris 2236: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2153: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2120: 2071:Suite du Merlin 2050:lady-in-waiting 2009: 2004: 1993:Suite du Merlin 1983:(astronomy and 1939:Tintagel Castle 1935:Uther Pendragon 1887:Robert de Boron 1860: 1849: 1836:literary double 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1781:W. H. Margetson 1775: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1746: 1735: 1730: 1588: 1514:Arthurian tale 1498:Owain mab Urien 1418:Marie de France 1356:Mabon ap Modron 1348:Land of Maidens 1344:Old High German 1262:the much later 1247:Orvan the Fairy 1222:fairy godmother 1182: 1141:), and Thiton ( 1049: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1030: 1022: 1021: 1001: 993: 992: 964: 953: 945:Morganda Fatata 936:Otia Imperialia 893:Gerald of Wales 829:Owain mab Urien 797:Siedlęcin Tower 780:and especially 774:Greek mythology 766:Irish mythology 706:Empress Matilda 637:masculine name 552: 500:Uther Pendragon 461: 443:Welsh mythology 340: 332: 315: 311: 300:Tintagel Castle 291: 229: 209: 200:Uther Pendragon 178: 76: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10097: 10087: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9899: 9897: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9878: 9876: 9872: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9833: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9782:Western Europe 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9734: 9732: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9703: 9701: 9700:Eastern Europe 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9672: 9670: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9611: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9595: 9587: 9579: 9571: 9563: 9555: 9547: 9539: 9531: 9523: 9515: 9507: 9499: 9491: 9483: 9475: 9467: 9459: 9452: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9438:Witch of Endor 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9315:Witch's ladder 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9266: 9265: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9178: 9173: 9167: 9165: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9034: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9013: 9008: 9007: 9006: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8980: 8978: 8974: 8973: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8812: 8811: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8789: 8787: 8780: 8776: 8775: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8741: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8668: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8642: 8634: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8568: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8545: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8532: 8520: 8508: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8293:Siege Perilous 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8247:Questing Beast 8244: 8239: 8234: 8228: 8226: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8056:Fisher King(s) 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8006:Bors the Elder 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7813:Knights of the 7809: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7679: 7678: 7671: 7664: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7641: 7640:External links 7638: 7636: 7635: 7629: 7616: 7610: 7597: 7591: 7578: 7572: 7559: 7553: 7540: 7534: 7521: 7515: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7468: 7449:(1): 170–172. 7433: 7431:, pp. 110–116. 7420: 7401: 7394: 7374: 7367: 7347: 7340: 7320: 7313: 7293: 7264: 7251: 7231: 7224: 7195: 7169: 7162: 7142: 7135: 7116: 7109: 7089: 7082: 7062: 7051:. 11 July 2016 7036: 7029: 6999: 6992: 6972: 6949:(in Italian). 6933: 6916: 6899: 6892: 6872: 6854: 6847: 6828: 6821: 6801: 6780: 6767: 6748: 6722: 6692: 6679: 6672: 6652: 6639: 6616: 6609: 6589: 6576: 6563:rialc.unina.it 6549: 6542: 6522: 6515: 6495: 6470: 6452: 6445: 6425: 6412: 6387: 6370: 6363: 6344: 6337: 6317: 6310: 6290: 6283: 6263: 6244: 6231: 6224: 6204: 6187: 6168: 6151: 6132: 6115: 6089: 6071:Still, Angie. 6063: 6056: 6036: 6029: 6009: 5996: 5973: 5953: 5940: 5917: 5891: 5867: 5850: 5833: 5808: 5801: 5781: 5766: 5759: 5739: 5726: 5713: 5697: 5684: 5671: 5651: 5635: 5628: 5608: 5591: 5575: 5539: 5526: 5513: 5506: 5497:Lancelot-Grail 5486: 5470: 5458: 5441: 5426: 5410: 5392: 5372: 5365: 5345: 5332: 5324:R. S. Loomis, 5317: 5303: 5288: 5272: 5255: 5248: 5228: 5216: 5204: 5184: 5177: 5157: 5131: 5119: 5104: 5073: 5059: 5011: 5004: 4984: 4977: 4957: 4950: 4930: 4923: 4903: 4886: 4879: 4859: 4846: 4839: 4819: 4806: 4793: 4780: 4767: 4725: 4712: 4699: 4686: 4672: 4625: 4618: 4599: 4592: 4567: 4551: 4526: 4519: 4499: 4484: 4464: 4439: 4426: 4413: 4383: 4346: 4282: 4269: 4245: 4224: 4217: 4197: 4190: 4170: 4153: 4151:, pp. 274–275. 4140: 4133: 4124:The Celts: A-H 4113: 4096: 4094:, pp. 449–451. 4083: 4070: 4048: 4030: 4017: 4004: 4000:Celtic Culture 3991: 3978: 3952: 3925:(2): 183–203. 3906: 3887:(313): 47–77. 3867: 3818: 3740: 3714: 3684: 3657: 3653:Celtic Culture 3644: 3631: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3580: 3570: 3560: 3547: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3449:Main article: 3446: 3445:Modern culture 3443: 3433:Scots language 3423:Edmund Spenser 3401:Bernardo Tasso 3341:Fastnachtspiel 3336:Tavola Ritonda 3281:(c. 1211) and 3218:Tavola Ritonda 3182:Tavola Ritonda 3135:hero Renoart ( 3109:John Bourchier 3051:Ogier the Dane 2999:Constantinople 2981:Morguan la fea 2977:Morgan la feya 2924: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2903: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2875: 2854:la fée Morgane 2816:) shows up in 2772: 2769: 2746:Morgue la Faye 2679:Daniel Maclise 2675:Morte D'Arthur 2566: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2547:Madison Cawein 2536: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2440: 2437: 2332: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2311:Dolereuse Gard 2308: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2284: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2235: 2232: 2154: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2121: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2008: 2005: 1997: 1977:the seven arts 1848: 1845: 1804:Lancelot-Grail 1776: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1716: 1642:and mother of 1581: 1522:Erec and Enide 1482:Morgue la sage 1426:Thomas Chestre 1400:Erec and Enide 1382:) queen named 1364:Middle English 1238:Roman de Troie 1201:Pomponius Mela 1151:the air, like 1147: 1129:to her fellow 1087:Insula Pomorum 1048: 1045: 1031: 1024: 1023: 1002: 995: 994: 965: 958: 957: 956: 955: 954: 952: 949: 859:. This evokes 809:mother goddess 754:Pomponius Mela 694:Welsh folklore 607:, survived in 551: 548: 431:Lancelot-Grail 303: 302: 274: 270: 269: 263: 259: 258: 252:Ogier the Dane 232: 225: 224: 215: 211: 210: 208: 207: 206:(half-brother) 202:(stepfather), 176: 162: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 127: 126: 100: 96: 95: 82: 78: 77: 65: 57: 56: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10096: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9969:Fairy royalty 9967: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9938:Folk religion 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9822: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9658: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9608: 9601: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9540: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9428:Three Witches 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9388:Morgan le Fay 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9233:Kitchen witch 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9162: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9005: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8900: 8897: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8884:Latin America 8882: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8825: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8813: 8809: 8808:Witch smeller 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8784: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8762: 8757: 8755: 8750: 8748: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8672:The Hollowing 8669: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8608:Morgan le Fay 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8598:Lady Bertilak 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8574: 8566: 8561: 8559: 8554: 8552: 8547: 8546: 8543: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8424: 8423:List of works 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8206:Tegau Eurfron 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8186:Red Knight(s) 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7991:Lady Bertilak 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7778:Morgan le Fay 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7677: 7672: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7658: 7657: 7654: 7647: 7646:Morgan le Fay 7644: 7643: 7632: 7626: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7603: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7546: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7527: 7522: 7518: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7486: 7485:0-87972-562-1 7482: 7478: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7424: 7417:(in Italian). 7413: 7412: 7405: 7397: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7378: 7370: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7351: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7324: 7316: 7310: 7307:. McFarland. 7306: 7305: 7297: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7255: 7244: 7243: 7235: 7227: 7221: 7216: 7215: 7209: 7202: 7200: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7165: 7163:90-420-0363-4 7159: 7155: 7154: 7146: 7138: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7120: 7112: 7106: 7102: 7101: 7093: 7085: 7079: 7076:. Routledge. 7075: 7074: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7032: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6995: 6989: 6986:. Routledge. 6985: 6984: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6929: 6928: 6920: 6912: 6911: 6903: 6895: 6889: 6885: 6884: 6876: 6868: 6861: 6859: 6850: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6832: 6824: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6805: 6798: 6797:0-948695-06-4 6794: 6790: 6784: 6777: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6689: 6683: 6675: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6656: 6649: 6643: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6593: 6586: 6580: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6545: 6539: 6536:. Routledge. 6535: 6534: 6526: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6466: 6462: 6456: 6448: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6429: 6422: 6416: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6383: 6382: 6374: 6366: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6321: 6313: 6311:0-8032-9608-8 6307: 6303: 6302: 6294: 6286: 6284:0-8131-7176-8 6280: 6276: 6275: 6267: 6256: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6235: 6227: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6208: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6053: 6050:. DS Brewer. 6049: 6048: 6040: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6021: 6013: 6006: 6000: 5989: 5988: 5980: 5978: 5966: 5965: 5957: 5950: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5895: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5874: 5872: 5863: 5862: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5837: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5804: 5798: 5795:. Routledge. 5794: 5793: 5785: 5777: 5770: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5751: 5743: 5736: 5730: 5723: 5717: 5710: 5704: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5681: 5675: 5664: 5663: 5655: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5631: 5625: 5621: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5603: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5580: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5546: 5544: 5536: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5475: 5467: 5462: 5454: 5453: 5445: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5388: 5387: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5349: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5328: 5321: 5313: 5307: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5197: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5161: 5146: 5142: 5139:Marxen, Lis. 5135: 5128: 5123: 5115: 5108: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5062: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4988: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4953: 4947: 4944:. Pygmalion. 4943: 4942: 4934: 4926: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4907: 4899: 4898: 4890: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4863: 4856: 4850: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4823: 4816: 4810: 4803: 4797: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4771: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4621: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4503: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4469: 4457: 4456: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4279: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4242: 4241:0-394-73467-X 4238: 4234: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4174: 4166: 4165: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4136: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4108: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4014: 4008: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3973: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3883:(in French). 3882: 3878: 3871: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3677: 3676: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3635: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3606: 3584: 3574: 3564: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089:Roman d'Ogier 3086: 3082: 3081:Julius Caesar 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2927: 2921: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2890: 2884: 2882: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814:Morgue li fee 2811: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2758:Lady Bertilak 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2719:known as the 2718: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2689:Morte Arthure 2687:Alliterative 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586:Thomas Malory 2572: 2571: 2563: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2519: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2418:In the Prose 2416: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2305: 2290: 2289: 2281: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2136: 2135:Beatrice Clay 2132: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Livre d'Artus 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2002: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1858: 1853: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1801: 1800:Vulgate Cycle 1797: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1744: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1632:John Matthews 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Edern ap Nudd 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1448:Vale Perilous 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436:Dame Tryamour 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1310:fada de Gibel 1307: 1303: 1302: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1235:'s epic poem 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1189:Morgan le Fay 1186: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123:shapeshifting 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095:Ynys Afallach 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1038: 1034: 1033:Morgan Le Fay 1028: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013:Thomas Malory 1010: 1006: 999: 990: 989: 983: 979: 975: 971: 970: 962: 948: 946: 942: 938: 937: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 798: 794: 789: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:De situ orbis 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:water spirits 668: 664: 661:females from 660: 656: 652: 648: 647:Thomas Malory 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 627: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 599: 595: 592: 588: 584: 579: 578: 572: 564: 560: 556: 547: 545: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 488: 482: 479: 475: 471: 467: 455: 454: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 432: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 396: 392: 388: 385: 381: 377: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 352: 309: 308:Morgan le Fay 301: 295: 290: 286: 282: 278: 275: 271: 268: 264: 260: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 226: 223: 219: 216: 212: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 175: 171: 167: 164: 163: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94: 89: 88: 83: 79: 74: 70: 69: 68:Morgan le Fay 63: 58: 54: 53: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 9903:Witch (word) 9852:Witch's mark 9661:Early Modern 9597: 9589: 9581: 9573: 9565: 9559:Daemonologie 9557: 9549: 9541: 9533: 9525: 9517: 9511:Laienspiegel 9509: 9501: 9493: 9485: 9477: 9469: 9461: 9393:Muma Pădurii 9387: 9324:Folklore and 9295:Sator Square 9248:Magic circle 9243:Magic carpet 9203:Crystal ball 9140:Spiritualism 8964:Witch doctor 8847:Cunning folk 8718: 8711: 8688: 8670: 8663: 8644: 8636: 8628: 8607: 8588:Green Knight 8571: 8461:Loathly lady 8418:Bibliography 8252:Twrch Trwyth 8001:Blanchefleur 7777: 7620: 7601: 7582: 7563: 7544: 7525: 7506: 7495:Bibliography 7476: 7471: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7429:Shapeshifter 7428: 7423: 7410: 7404: 7384: 7377: 7357: 7350: 7330: 7323: 7303: 7296: 7284:. Retrieved 7280: 7267: 7259: 7258:Larrington, 7254: 7241: 7234: 7213: 7186:. Retrieved 7184:(in Italian) 7181: 7172: 7152: 7145: 7125: 7119: 7099: 7092: 7072: 7065: 7053:. Retrieved 7048: 7039: 7012: 7002: 6982: 6975: 6953:(1): 70–79. 6950: 6946: 6936: 6926: 6919: 6909: 6902: 6886:. Springer. 6882: 6875: 6837: 6831: 6815:. Lulu.com. 6811: 6804: 6788: 6783: 6775: 6774:Larrington, 6770: 6762:the original 6751: 6739:. Retrieved 6737:(in Spanish) 6735:docplayer.es 6734: 6725: 6713:. Retrieved 6709:the original 6704: 6695: 6687: 6682: 6662: 6655: 6647: 6642: 6634:the original 6629: 6619: 6599: 6592: 6584: 6579: 6567:. Retrieved 6565:(in Catalan) 6562: 6552: 6532: 6525: 6505: 6498: 6486:. Retrieved 6482: 6473: 6464: 6455: 6439:. Springer. 6435: 6428: 6420: 6415: 6403:. Retrieved 6399: 6390: 6380: 6373: 6353: 6347: 6327: 6320: 6300: 6293: 6273: 6266: 6260:(in French). 6253: 6247: 6239: 6234: 6214: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6182:ResearchGate 6181: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6146:the original 6135: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6106:. Retrieved 6103:Academia.edu 6102: 6092: 6080:. Retrieved 6077:Academia.edu 6076: 6066: 6046: 6039: 6019: 6012: 6004: 5999: 5986: 5963: 5956: 5948: 5947:Larrington, 5943: 5927:j.ctv136bvg0 5900: 5894: 5886:the original 5880: 5860: 5853: 5843: 5836: 5824:. Retrieved 5820: 5811: 5791: 5784: 5769: 5749: 5742: 5734: 5733:Larrington, 5729: 5721: 5720:Larrington, 5716: 5708: 5707:Larrington, 5692: 5691:Larrington, 5687: 5680:Shapeshifter 5679: 5674: 5661: 5654: 5649:, pp. 42–43. 5646: 5645:Larrington, 5618: 5611: 5601: 5594: 5586: 5585:Larrington, 5566:. Retrieved 5552: 5535:Shapeshifter 5534: 5529: 5521: 5520:Larrington, 5516: 5496: 5489: 5481: 5480:Larrington, 5465: 5461: 5451: 5444: 5429: 5422:Shapeshifter 5421: 5404: 5395: 5385: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5339:Larrington, 5335: 5326: 5320: 5306: 5291: 5283: 5282:Larrington, 5265: 5258: 5238: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5194: 5187: 5167: 5160: 5148:. Retrieved 5144: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5113: 5107: 5094: 5064:. Retrieved 5042: 5038: 4994: 4987: 4967: 4960: 4940: 4933: 4913: 4906: 4896: 4889: 4869: 4862: 4854: 4853:Larrington, 4849: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4809: 4801: 4796: 4789:Shapeshifter 4788: 4783: 4775: 4774:Larrington, 4770: 4758:. Retrieved 4738: 4728: 4721:Shapeshifter 4720: 4715: 4710:, pp. 73–75. 4707: 4702: 4694: 4689: 4677:. Retrieved 4662: 4608: 4602: 4582: 4562: 4542:. Retrieved 4509: 4502: 4487: 4477: 4454: 4434: 4433:Larrington, 4429: 4422:Shapeshifter 4421: 4416: 4404:. Retrieved 4400:the original 4395: 4386: 4374:. Retrieved 4370: 4324: 4320: 4277: 4272: 4262: 4232: 4227: 4207: 4200: 4180: 4173: 4163: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4127:. ABC-CLIO. 4123: 4116: 4106: 4099: 4091: 4086: 4078: 4073: 4056: 4051: 4043: 4025: 4020: 4012: 4007: 3999: 3998:Koch, John, 3994: 3986: 3981: 3971: 3922: 3918: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3860:19 September 3858:. Retrieved 3838: 3834: 3821: 3809:. Retrieved 3802:the original 3793: 3733: 3708: 3674: 3652: 3651:Koch, John, 3647: 3639: 3634: 3622:. Retrieved 3618: 3609: 3583: 3573: 3563: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3454: 3436: 3426: 3418: 3412: 3404: 3390: 3380: 3366: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3273:Fata Morgana 3253:Fata Morgana 3252: 3250: 3240: 3233:, c. 1494). 3230: 3226: 3223:Ponzela Gaia 3222: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131:) bring the 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3026:fada Morgana 3025: 3021: 3009: 3005: 2992: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2925: 2908: 2886: 2877: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2833: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2774: 2761: 2749: 2745: 2742:Green Knight 2735: 2733: 2723:Morte Arthur 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2702:Anglo-Norman 2688: 2684: 2674: 2665:dere brothir 2664: 2659: 2650: 2634: 2618: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2568: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2490:James Archer 2485: 2481: 2480:A detail of 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2432: 2428: 2419: 2417: 2407: 2403: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2356: 2346: 2333: 2314: 2286: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2237: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2167: 2155: 2130: 2122: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2037: 2031: 2023: 2015: 1999: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1947: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1856: 1841:loathly lady 1824: 1813:-influenced 1809: 1793: 1784: 1777: 1751: 1720: 1718: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1678: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1629: 1621:Jean Markale 1616: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1544: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1512:Middle Welsh 1509: 1502: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1435: 1429: 1411: 1398: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1368: 1339: 1325: 1309: 1299: 1297: 1291: 1288:Henry Fuseli 1263: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1230: 1226:Vita Merlini 1225: 1218:R. S. Loomis 1194: 1188: 1176: 1168: 1160: 1149: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1110: 1107:Vita Merlini 1106: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1074: 1068: 1055:Vita Merlini 1050: 1032: 1016: 1004: 1003:A detail of 988:Vita Merlini 967: 966:A detail of 944: 934: 926: 914: 906: 896: 888: 884: 880: 873: 845:Morcant Bulc 802: 791:Morgan with 761: 757: 749: 745: 734:Vita Merlini 733: 691: 683:the Morrígan 659:supernatural 650: 642: 635:Modern Welsh 624: 616: 612: 609:Middle Welsh 604: 600: 593: 582: 577:Vita Merlini 568: 559:Fata Morgana 558: 540: 485: 483: 453:Vita Merlini 440: 429: 401: 397: 394: 390: 386: 383: 379: 375: 372: 307: 306: 228:Significant 179: 170:Vita Merlini 169: 108:the Morrígan 87:Vita Merlini 66: 50: 36: 9610:Persecution 9479:Formicarius 9423:Spearfinger 9363:Elbow witch 9263:Magic sword 9228:Julleuchter 9213:Goofer dust 9155:White magic 9068:Incantation 8994:Black magic 8949:Renaissance 8917:Chaos magic 8889:Middle East 8820:Philippines 8707:Gawain Poet 8370:Joyous Gard 8328:Brocéliande 8288:Round Table 8116:Leodegrance 8086:Gwenhwyfach 7815:Round Table 7713:Constantine 7683:King Arthur 7479:pp. 24–32. 7182:treccani.it 6947:Scriptorium 6108:7 September 6082:7 September 5568:2 September 5226:, p. 70-71. 5150:7 September 5129:, p. 69-70. 5066:7 September 4760:7 September 4376:7 September 3459:, spanning 3421:(1591). In 3367:During the 3014:necromancer 2905:Dora Curtis 2870:Brocéliande 2810:Dame Morgue 2793:Charlemagne 2785:Renaissance 2696:) with the 2611:black magic 2607:nigremancie 2537:Morgan and 2499:Round Table 2392:Belle Garde 2369:Cú Chulainn 2206:North Wales 2179:grant hayne 2164:Andrew Lang 2127:Dora Curtis 2020:Howard Pyle 1918:version of 1916:Huth-Merlin 1908:Perceforest 1832:Norse magic 1431:Sir Launfal 1352:fairy queen 1304:, an early 1265:Perceforest 1251:Orva la fée 1205:Île de Sein 1197:Virgin Mary 1073:(1136). In 911:Glastonbury 903:King Arthur 877:fairy queen 821:Welsh Triad 813:Dea Matrona 742:Île de Sein 702:hagiography 605:*Mori-genos 563:Giambologna 524:Round Table 506:'s mother, 462: 1150 410:King Arthur 406:enchantress 292: [ 281:Broceliande 198:(sisters), 190:(parents), 166:Her sisters 9958:Categories 9923:Maleficium 9847:Witch-hunt 9651:Witch camp 9310:Witch ball 9253:Magic ring 9238:Love charm 9093:Necromancy 9088:Moon magic 9083:Mediumship 9078:Love magic 9063:Gray magic 9043:Divination 8842:Benandanti 8772:witchcraft 8657:Literature 8581:Characters 8273:Holy Grail 8242:Petitcrieu 7823:Bagdemagus 7188:14 January 7156:. Rodopi. 7055:14 January 6559:"La faula" 6488:1 February 5826:1 February 4739:Arthuriana 4147:Bromwich, 4077:Bromwich, 3835:Arthuriana 3596:References 3457:modern era 3397:Demogorgon 3307:Montegibel 3265:Mount Etna 3149:Cath Palug 2985:Holy Grail 2615:necromancy 2257:Prophéties 2160:H. J. Ford 2073:(the Huth 2036:of Gorre ( 1981:astronomie 1819:Cistercian 1796:Old French 1603:Brangepart 1526:Morgan Tud 1487:Ivens saga 1409:Breton lai 1388:Margan(te) 1322:magic ring 1314:Mount Etna 1243:Trojan War 1171:), now at 1163:), now at 943:calls her 921:and their 869:Tír na nÓg 831:(son) and 827:are named 811:figure of 750:Gallizenae 746:Gallisenae 601:*Mori-genā 591:Old Breton 426:antagonist 151:Occupation 18:Morgan Tud 9824:Classical 9343:Baba Yaga 9326:mythology 9135:Spiritism 9125:Sex magic 9103:Shamanism 9098:Occultism 9053:Evocation 9048:Entheogen 9026:Damnation 8977:Practices 8603:Guinevere 8476:Pendragon 8268:Excalibur 8237:Gringolet 8211:Vortigern 8146:Maleagant 8121:Lohengrin 8016:Brunor(s) 8011:Brangaine 7933:Sagramore 7923:Pellinore 7913:Palamedes 7758:Guinevere 7753:Gingalain 7411:La caccia 6967:0036-9772 6690:, p. 289. 6650:, p. 184. 6587:, p. 155. 6423:, p. 108. 6242:, p. 148. 5935:166203958 5537:, p. 170. 5045:: 67–92. 4755:161664560 4697:, p. 135. 4544:1 January 4406:1 January 4341:0035-8029 4280:, p. 134. 4081:, p. 195. 3947:161308783 3901:0035-8029 3855:162377628 3601:Citations 3438:Greysteil 3419:La caccia 3405:L'Amadigi 3303:Montgibel 3287:Provençal 3141:Rainouart 3010:Mort Artu 3006:Arderique 3003:Castilian 2989:Valencian 2842:Wild Hunt 2830:Hellequin 2754:trickster 2721:Stanzaic 2717:Mort Artu 2656:Wasteland 2543:Eric Pape 2503:Mort Artu 2466:Mort Artu 2094:Bertolais 1985:astrology 1763:(c. 1480) 1725:Antipodes 1649:Diu Crône 1573:Feimurgân 1542:Old Irish 1444:Guinevere 1294:(c. 1788) 1127:astronomy 1103:Excalibur 744:) called 722:Dál Riata 641:(spelled 621:Old Irish 587:Old Welsh 565:(c. 1574) 528:Guinevere 457:(written 102:Possibly 55:character 9857:Pricking 9768:Scotland 9691:Virginia 9681:New York 9676:Maryland 9669:Americas 9418:Sorginak 9408:Pasiphaë 9300:Talisman 9270:Mojo bag 9218:Grimoire 9113:Regional 9058:Familiar 9021:Anathema 8937:Neopagan 8932:Medieval 8837:Akelarre 8411:In media 8395:Tintagel 8385:Lyonesse 8360:Corbenic 8350:Celliwig 8340:Caerleon 8201:Taliesin 8156:Meliodas 8091:Hellawes 8051:Feirefiz 8021:Catigern 7961:Agrestes 7928:Percival 7893:Lancelot 7873:Galehaut 7828:Bedivere 7783:Morgause 7703:Agravain 7685:and the 7505:(1963). 7443:Speculum 7427:Hebert, 7262:, p. 93. 6778:, p. 94. 6705:dBalears 6164:Speculum 6128:Folklore 5951:, p. 16. 5737:, p. 24. 5724:, p. 45. 5711:, p. 83. 5695:, p. 88. 5682:, p. 69. 5678:Hebert, 5589:, p. 13. 5562:Archived 5533:Hebert, 5524:, p. 36. 5484:, p. 33. 5424:, p. 71. 5420:Hebert, 5343:, p. 15. 5286:, p. 41. 5145:Academia 4857:, p. 11. 4791:, p. 44. 4787:Hebert, 4778:, p. 40. 4723:, p. 47. 4719:Hebert, 4424:, p. 43. 4420:Hebert, 4371:Academia 4061:Archived 4046:, p. 95. 3919:Speculum 3841:: 1–18. 3640:Romania 3467:See also 3283:La faula 3214:Lasencis 3196:group's 3137:Renouart 3099:and the 3047:Paladins 3034:rondalla 2991:romance 2969:La faula 2834:Hellekin 2729:Bedivere 2635:Lancelot 2516:La Faula 2470:Sagramor 2365:Morrígan 2357:Lancelot 2263:such as 2261:chivalry 2228:Hercules 2224:Deianira 2199:Manessen 2191:scabbard 2106:Lancelot 2102:fol amor 2067:Lancelot 1960:Agravain 1956:Morgause 1895:Tintagel 1752:Lancelot 1750:Vulgate 1694:Morganis 1690:Morgayne 1640:King Lot 1608:Parzival 1577:Fâmurgân 1413:Guigemar 1405:Guigomar 1340:merfeine 1336:Lancelot 1327:Lanzelet 1209:Brittany 1165:Chartres 1153:Daedalus 1119:Taliesin 1099:Historia 1075:Historia 907:Morganis 849:Afallach 837:romances 793:Lancelot 536:Lancelot 434:and the 262:Children 244:Lancelot 192:Morgause 99:Based on 9896:Related 9840:Related 9758:Iceland 9753:Finland 9748:England 9743:Denmark 9707:Hungary 9403:Obayifo 9333:Agamede 9290:Potions 9223:Incense 9164:Objects 8984:Animism 8959:Warlock 8894:Oceania 8877:Britain 8700:Related 8613:Caradoc 8345:Camelot 8311:Astolat 8283:Prydwen 8278:Pridwen 8261:Objects 8166:Nentres 8111:Laudine 8096:Hengist 8076:Guiomar 8066:Gorlois 8026:Claudas 7976:Annowre 7956:Accolon 7938:Tristan 7918:Pelleas 7908:Moriaen 7888:Lamorak 7883:Griflet 7878:Geraint 7868:Galahad 7863:Dinadan 7853:Dagonet 7848:Caradoc 7773:Mordred 7763:Igraine 7738:Gaheris 7718:Culhwch 7463:2856494 7286:5 March 6741:9 March 6715:9 March 6419:Pérez, 6007:, p. 3. 6003:Pérez, 4900:. Ginn. 4706:Pérez, 4693:Faedo, 4437:, p. 8. 4321:Romania 4276:Faedo, 4042:Pérez, 3939:2854594 3881:Romania 3811:18 June 3535:moruein 3531:morgain 3519:orueins 3515:ornains 3461:fantasy 3210:Galahad 3190:cantari 3164:Galvano 3145:Corbans 3133:Saracen 3129:Marrion 3105:Mabrien 3093:Auberon 3055:Meurvin 2965:Catalan 2957:Red Sea 2941:Dioneta 2694:Fortuna 2627:"white" 2573:(1909) 2539:Accolon 2429:Tristan 2424:Lamorak 2420:Tristan 2408:Hemison 2404:Tristan 2396:Tristan 2384:Tristan 2373:Charyot 2291:(1905) 2269:Claudas 2187:Accolon 2137:(1905) 2079:Camelot 2055:Guiomar 1973:convent 1964:Gaheris 1948:Blasine 1931:Gorlois 1891:Igraine 1873:Morgain 1869:Morgane 1859:(1908) 1810:Tristan 1593:Marguel 1569:gotinne 1553:Geraint 1530:Gereint 1384:Argante 1360:Layamon 1318:Griflet 1255:*Morgua 1169:Carnoti 1161:Brisiti 1135:nymphae 1081:at the 1079:Mordred 919:Britons 889:gotinne 833:Morfydd 738:Gaulish 679:goddess 667:Morgens 643:Morcant 626:Muirgen 532:Accolon 504:Mordred 496:Gorlois 492:Igraine 414:goddess 391:Morgant 380:Morgain 365:Cornish 285:Camelot 240:Guiomar 236:Accolon 218:Nentres 188:Gorlois 184:Igraine 135:Species 10059:Merlin 9809:Basque 9794:Geneva 9789:France 9773:Sweden 9763:Norway 9738:Baltic 9722:Russia 9717:Poland 9618:Modern 9602:(1751) 9594:(1647) 9586:(1627) 9578:(1608) 9570:(1599) 9562:(1597) 9554:(1595) 9546:(1593) 9538:(1591) 9530:(1584) 9522:(1563) 9514:(1509) 9506:(1489) 9498:(1487) 9490:(1484) 9482:(1475) 9474:(1440) 9466:(1376) 9413:Sebile 9368:Hecate 9338:Aradia 9285:Poppet 9280:Nkondi 9193:Censer 9176:Athame 9171:Amulet 9130:Sigils 9118:Yellow 8927:Hoodoo 8922:Goetia 8899:Mākutu 8827:Europe 8798:Azande 8793:Africa 8786:Region 8690:Gawain 8649:(2021) 8641:(1984) 8633:(1973) 8593:Gawain 8439:Topics 8428:comics 8390:Sarras 8380:Logres 8316:Avalon 8303:Places 8232:Cavall 8196:Sebile 8191:Rience 8161:Merlin 8136:Lunete 8131:Lucius 8101:Iseult 7903:Lionel 7898:Lanval 7858:Daniel 7843:Cligès 7838:Brunor 7748:Gawain 7743:Gareth 7695:Family 7627: 7608: 7589: 7570: 7551: 7532: 7513: 7483: 7461: 7392: 7365: 7338: 7311: 7222: 7160: 7133: 7107: 7080: 7027: 6990: 6965: 6890: 6845: 6819: 6795: 6686:Hook, 6670: 6646:Hook, 6607: 6583:Hook, 6569:3 July 6540: 6513: 6443: 6405:3 June 6361: 6335: 6308: 6281: 6238:Hook, 6222: 6054: 6027: 5933: 5925: 5915: 5799: 5757: 5626: 5504: 5363: 5246: 5175: 5057: 5002: 4975: 4948: 4921: 4877: 4837: 4753: 4679:24 May 4670: 4616: 4590: 4517: 4339: 4239: 4215: 4188: 4131: 3945: 3937: 3899: 3853: 3624:12 May 3543:moranz 3541:, and 3527:ornais 3523:oruain 3373:Roland 3363:(1865) 3350:Cyprus 3311:Arabic 3291:Jaufre 3269:mirage 3257:Sicily 3247:(1905) 3202:Astore 3125:Morgue 3107:, and 3077:Oberon 2949:Iberia 2911:(1905) 2838:Faerie 2681:(1857) 2651:Merlin 2647:Scylla 2619:Uriens 2507:Queste 2492:(1860) 2433:Queste 2400:Isolde 2340:(1893) 2245:Sedile 2241:Sebile 2215:mantle 2195:Uwayne 2170:(1902) 2086:Merlin 2075:Merlin 2063:Merlin 2042:Rheged 2028:(1903) 1989:Merlin 1968:Gareth 1952:Orkney 1944:Elaine 1920:Merlin 1903:Merlin 1882:Merlin 1877:Morgue 1808:Prose 1644:Gawain 1538:Breton 1504:Tyolet 1466:(1888) 1301:Jaufre 1274:Zephir 1259:Hector 1143:Thetis 1139:Thitis 1111:Morgen 1091:Avalon 1065:Merlin 1039:(1880) 905:named 885:déesse 861:Avalon 805:Modron 770:Fráech 651:la fée 639:Morgan 617:Morien 613:Moryen 594:Morgen 583:Morgen 520:Merlin 466:Avalon 402:Morgue 400:, and 373:Morgan 277:Avalon 256:Sebile 248:Merlin 214:Spouse 196:Elaine 159:Family 146:Female 143:Gender 124:others 104:Modron 75:, 1864 45:Morgan 9943:Adept 9804:Spain 9799:Italy 9686:Salem 9641:Nepal 9636:India 9447:Major 9383:Medea 9378:Kalku 9358:Drude 9353:Dayan 9348:Circe 9275:Nkisi 9186:besom 9181:Broom 9108:Black 9038:Demon 9016:Curse 9011:Coven 8942:Wicca 8862:Völva 8857:Seiðr 8832:Italy 8803:Ghana 8779:Types 8768:Magic 8682:Opera 8216:Yniol 8176:Olwen 8061:Garel 8046:Enide 7803:Yvain 7798:Urien 7723:Ector 7708:Cador 7459:JSTOR 7415:(PDF) 7277:(PDF) 7246:(PDF) 6258:(PDF) 6162:" in 5991:(PDF) 5968:(PDF) 5931:S2CID 5923:JSTOR 5666:(PDF) 5199:(PDF) 5099:(PDF) 4751:S2CID 4459:(PDF) 3943:S2CID 3935:JSTOR 3851:S2CID 3831:(PDF) 3805:(PDF) 3798:(PDF) 3679:(PDF) 3539:moran 3489:Notes 3435:poem 2967:poem 2844:. In 2826:Arras 2795:(the 2791:) or 2643:Circe 2623:Nimue 2488:) by 2220:Jason 2210:Suite 2183:Suite 2129:from 2098:Suite 2034:Urien 1625:later 1545:tuath 1534:Welsh 1478:Yvain 1379:aluen 1374:elfen 1366:poem 1358:. 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