645:
33:
58:
188:
276:
271:
220:
253:
238:
1617:
203:
597:
377:
analyses supported the hypothesis that the genus comprises only a few species with considerable phenotypic variation. More recent DNA work, however, has revealed more than a dozen distinct groups of morels in North
America, and over 60 worldwide. An extensive DNA study showed three discrete
996:
Loizides, Michael; Alvarado, Pablo; Clowez, Philippe; Moreau, Pierre-Arthur; de la Osa, Luis Romero; Palazón, Antonio (2015). "Morchella tridentina, M. rufobrunnea, and M. kakiicolor: a study of three poorly known
Mediterranean morels, with nomenclatural updates in section Distantes".
635:
species, although like other morels, some individuals may be allergic to it, so it must be cooked before being eaten. It can also be dried for later use. However, according to one field guide it may cause gastrointestinal disorder, and cannot easily be identified without a microscope.
627:
exist throughout the years, most authors agree that Fries' original concept refers to a species with dark, conical ascocarps and more or less parallel vertical ridges, with horizontal interconnecting ridges arranged in a "ladderlike" pattern.
682:) or more likely an unknown toxin that is destroyed through cooking, so morel mushrooms should never be eaten raw. It has been reported that even cooked morels can sometimes cause mild adverse effects when consumed with alcohol.
361:
in appearance, exhibiting variations in shape, color and size; this has contributed to uncertainties regarding taxonomy. Discriminating between the various species is complicated by uncertainty regarding which species are truly
1355:
Boudier E (1909) Icones mycologicae ou iconographie des champignons de France principalement discomycètes avec texte descriptif. Tome II, pl. 194–421. Librairie des
Sciences Naturelles, Paris
1383:
Richard, Franck; Bellanger, Jean-Michel; Clowez, Philippe; Courtecuisse, Regis; Hansen, Karen; O'Donnell, Kerry; Sauve, Mathieu; Urban, Alexander; Moreau, Pierre-Arthur (2014).
2312:
2763:
1919:
2463:
1092:
Hatıra Taşkına; Saadet Büyükalacaa; Hasan Hüseyin Doğanb; Stephen A. Rehnerc; Kerry O'Donnell (Aug 2010). "A multigene molecular phylogenetic assessment of true morels (
2663:
2433:
1769:
1734:
1724:
1041:
1744:
1714:
1704:
467:
in the past. However, in a subsequent study by
Richard et al. (2014) proposing a unified taxonomy for the genus, it is suggested that Fries' original description of
459:
from Sweden in 1822. DNA analysis in 2011 has shown North
American black morels to be largely distinct from European species, therefore restricting the use of the
2613:
2172:
1694:
492:, characterised by the purple- or pink-colored tinges of its ascocarps, is now considered to belong to a phylogenetically distinct lineage (Richard et al. 2014).
1824:
1779:
644:
2862:
2623:
2603:
2573:
2302:
2242:
1834:
1684:
2773:
2723:
2703:
2553:
2533:
2473:
2262:
1789:
1373:
Clowez P (2010) Les morilles: Une nouvelle approche mondiale du genre
Morchella. Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France 126 (3-4): 199–376.
2922:
2563:
2543:
2952:
2942:
2902:
2753:
2713:
2673:
2653:
2523:
2493:
2443:
678:(the presence of hydrazine based mycotoxins is controversial since there are no primary references of these substances having been detected in the genus
2972:
2932:
2882:
2842:
2733:
2683:
2633:
2892:
3022:
2802:
3191:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2832:
2812:
1385:"True morels (Morchella, Pezizales) of Europe and North America: evolutionary relationships inferred from multilocus data and a unified taxonomy"
2962:
2912:
764:
Kuo M, Dewsbury DR, O'Donnell K, Carter MC, Rehner SA, Moore JD, Moncalvo JM, Canfield SA, Stephenson SL, Methven AS, Volk TJ (11 April 2012).
1291:
3243:
2872:
658:
fruits during spring on soil. Fries' original description, which was based on a collection from a fir wood in Sweden, reported it as rare: "
3090:
405:
187:
370:
refer to them by their color as the species are very similar in appearance and vary considerably within species and age of individual.
3327:
957:
Du, X.-H.; Zhao, Q.; O’Donnell, K.; Rooney, A. P. & Yang, Z. L. (2012). "Multigene molecular phylogenetics reveals true morels (
3165:
1654:
463:
name to Europe. In 2012, Kuo et al. provided names for many of the North
American black morels that may have been referred to as
722:
O'Donnell K, Rooney AP, Mills GL, Kuo M, Weber NS, Rehner SA (Mar 2011). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels (
1202:
1562:
1537:
1473:
1441:
1068:
420:), which has persistently pale ridges. Within the black and yellow clades, there are dozens of individual species, many
1504:
3322:
1621:
1364:
Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F (1984) Fungi of
Switzerland, Volume 1: Ascomycetes. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern, Switzerland
3248:
765:
616:
has operculate asci (i.e., asci opening by an apical lid to discharge the spores). It further has unicellular
3230:
408:), are characterised by the gradual darkening of their sterile ridges upon maturity, with the exception of
1647:
726:) reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic".
816:
1091:
57:
3258:
3157:
3081:
2372:
1346:
Boudier E (1897) Révision analytique des morilles de France. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 13 : 130-150.
607:
514:
3312:
1303:
3222:
3332:
2503:
2078:
1909:
696:
1529:
1522:
1433:
898:(Pezizales: Morchellaceae) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene".
32:
3196:
3043:
2352:
1640:
358:
666:
is not yet fully clarified, its exact ecological preferences and distribution remain unclear.
3317:
2322:
2292:
2152:
2142:
2132:
1964:
814:
551:
507:
394:
152:
3284:
1496:
1490:
1326:"Comparative study of the asci and ascospores of some Morels (Genus Morchella, Ascomycetes)"
3126:
2693:
2583:
2483:
2412:
2362:
2282:
2192:
2088:
2008:
1006:
410:
327:
was broadly applied to black morels throughout the globe. Like most members of the genus,
1627:
8:
2643:
2593:
2513:
2453:
2402:
2382:
2342:
2332:
2272:
2252:
2222:
2182:
2058:
2038:
2028:
1998:
1988:
1954:
1457:
675:
576:
562:
544:
477:
416:
400:
388:
1226:
Kanwal HK, Acharya K, Ramesh G, Reddy MS (Dec 25, 2010). "Molecular
Characterization of
1010:
815:
Segula
Masaphy; Limor Zabari; Doron Goldberg & Gurinaz Jander-Shagug (Spring 2010).
3307:
2743:
2108:
2048:
2018:
1595:
1426:
1255:
1164:
1022:
868:
797:
537:
456:
424:
to individual continents or regions. This species-rich view is supported by studies in
168:
52:
3279:
3113:
3095:
2392:
2202:
2162:
2098:
1558:
1533:
1500:
1469:
1437:
1406:
1247:
1168:
1156:
1113:
978:
915:
789:
743:
569:
530:
225:
1026:
801:
3118:
2232:
1884:
1874:
1799:
1587:
1396:
1274:
1259:
1239:
1148:
1105:
1060:
1014:
970:
907:
886:
Bunyard, B. A.; Nicholson, M. S.; Royse, D. J. (1995). "Phylogenetic resolution of
860:
845:
Bunyard, B. A.; Nicholson, M. S.; Royse, D. J. (1994). "A systematic assessment of
781:
735:
367:
336:
309:
258:
1183:
3266:
2068:
632:
363:
332:
282:
3235:
1137:) reveals high levels of endemics in Turkey relative to other regions of Europe"
3152:
2822:
1859:
1632:
1131:
Taşkın, H.; Büyükalaca, S.; Hansen, K. & O’Donnell, K. (March–April 2012).
1130:
934:
429:
1243:
1109:
1064:
1018:
974:
739:
3301:
3066:
1674:
1664:
1132:
425:
312:
119:
99:
2852:
1465:
1410:
1251:
1160:
1117:
1039:
982:
956:
911:
793:
747:
374:
288:
919:
3271:
3217:
3178:
3105:
3075:
1578:
Groves, J. Walton (1964). "Poisoning by Morels When Taken with Alcohol".
691:
316:
3170:
1899:
1814:
1599:
872:
89:
3183:
481:, but later shown to have a widespread transcontinental distribution.
3209:
3139:
1934:
1759:
1325:
851:
441:
349:
129:
109:
69:
3037:
1591:
1462:
North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
864:
3204:
3144:
3060:
1401:
1384:
1152:
785:
421:
243:
211:
193:
1382:
1279:. Vol. 2. Lundin, Sweden: Ex Officina Berlingiana. p. 8.
1323:
617:
45:
3131:
1616:
437:
433:
305:
79:
1181:
763:
2792:
1849:
1040:
Harald Kellner; Carsten Renker & François Buscot (2005).
603:
445:
379:
995:
596:
721:
475:-10, which has been since described from North America as
1324:
Parguey-Leduc, A; Janex-Favre, M-C; Bruxelles, G (1998).
660:
In silvis abiegnis, praecipue locis humidis adustis, raro
41:
1225:
1046:
group (Ascomycota: Morchellaceae) in Germany and France"
404:). Species within the Elata clade (also referred to as
1230:
Species from the Western Himalayan Region of India".
885:
844:
382:, or genetic groups, consisting of the black morels (
935:"Morel Data Collection Project: Preliminary results"
821:
Systematics: A Case of the Yellow Morel from Israel"
1492:
Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides)
1133:"Multilocus phylogenetics analysis of true morels (
1521:
1425:
3299:
1662:
1456:
1182:S. Masaphy; L. Zabari & D. Goldberg (2009).
849:using RFLP analysis of the 28S ribosomal gene".
623:Despite the fact that many interpretations of
1648:
1552:
1555:Edible and poisonous mushrooms of the world
1450:
639:
1655:
1641:
1428:Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
31:
1553:Hall, Ian R.; Buchanan, Peter K. (2003).
1400:
1266:
961:) are especially species-rich in China".
759:
757:
342:
1423:
1272:
1124:
717:
715:
713:
711:
643:
595:
1519:
1488:
662:". However, since the true identity of
471:may correspond to phylogenetic lineage
3300:
1577:
1432:. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p.
1289:
1283:
1085:
952:
950:
754:
3042:
3041:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1685:
1636:
1571:
1546:
1528:. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p.
1513:
1219:
1175:
1033:
808:
708:
3259:081799ca-9333-4a3d-b0ff-b53db2680125
1330:Cryptogamie, Bryologie, Lichénologie
1317:
1053:Organisms, Diversity & Evolution
879:
838:
766:"Taxonomic revision of true morels (
674:Morels may contain small amounts of
620:ascospores with polar oil droplets.
495:
315:. It is one of many related species
947:
932:
926:
392:and others), and the white morels (
13:
1920:
1910:
1835:
1825:
770:) in Canada and the United States"
14:
3344:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1965:
1955:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1609:
649:Morchella elata var. purpurascens
3328:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
1885:
1615:
1195:Micologia Aplicada International
386:and others), the yellow morels (
274:
269:
251:
236:
218:
201:
186:
56:
1482:
1417:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1208:from the original on 2011-07-22
1042:"Species diversity within the
989:
591:
1:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2803:
1860:
702:
1495:. New York: Knopf. pp.
1184:"New long-season ecotype of
246:attachment is not applicable
7:
1098:Fungal Genetics and Biology
963:Fungal Genetics and Biology
728:Fungal Genetics and Biology
685:
669:
194:Mycological characteristics
10:
3349:
1460:; Miller, Hope H. (2006).
323:, and until 2012 the name
3050:
2790:
2426:Unresolved classification
2425:
2316:. mediteterraneensis
2121:
1977:
1943:
1932:
1897:
1872:
1847:
1812:
1757:
1672:
1489:Whitney, Stephen (1985).
1244:10.1007/s00284-010-9849-1
1110:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.05.004
1065:10.1016/j.ode.2004.07.001
1019:10.1007/s11557-015-1030-6
975:10.1016/j.fgb.2012.03.006
740:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.006
608:phase contrast microscopy
268:
250:
235:
217:
200:
183:
158:
151:
53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
1424:Phillips, Roger (2010).
640:Ecology and distribution
3323:Fungi described in 1822
2767:. umbrinovelutipes
697:Cryptic species complex
2467:. conicopapyracea
2376:. septentrionalis
1923:. ophthalmosporum
1520:Stamets, Paul (2005).
933:Kuo, M. (March 2006).
912:10.1006/emyc.1995.1027
652:
610:
343:Taxonomy and phylogeny
335:and is sought by many
2866:. digitaliformis
2667:. pseudovulgaris
2437:. anteridiformis
1773:. ferruginascens
1188:from northern Israel"
1186:Morchella rufobrunnea
900:Experimental Mycology
647:
599:
524:Western North America
501:Eastern North America
395:Morchella rufobrunnea
364:biologically distinct
2507:. guatemalensis
2082:. sceptriformis
1624:at Wikimedia Commons
1458:Miller Jr., Orson K.
1232:Current Microbiology
451:The scientific name
411:Morchella tridentina
347:The fruit bodies of
2926:. helvelloides
2617:. norvegiensis
2356:. purpurascens
2176:. conifericola
1913:. carthusianum
1276:Systema Mycologicum
1044:Morchella esculenta
1011:2015MycPr..14...13L
817:"The Complexity of
676:monomethylhydrazine
478:Morchella importuna
417:Morchella frustrata
401:Morchella anatolica
389:Morchella esculenta
353:species, including
2956:. morchellula
2946:. krombholzii
2906:. fulvocincta
2326:. populiphila
2296:. laurentiana
2156:. australiana
2146:. arbutiphila
2136:. angusticeps
1968:. rufobrunnea
1783:. maturescens
653:
611:
515:M. septentrionalis
457:Elias Magnus Fries
3295:
3294:
3280:Open Tree of Life
3044:Taxon identifiers
3035:
3034:
2976:. perpusilla
2936:. indigocola
2886:. ferruginea
2846:. chicoensis
2786:
2785:
2697:. rigidoides
2627:. patagonica
2607:. neuwirthii
2587:. meiliensis
2577:. intermedia
2487:. deqinensis
2416:. tridentina
2366:. semilibera
2306:. magnispora
2286:. kakiicolor
2246:. eximioides
2196:. disparilis
2092:. steppicola
2012:. diminutiva
1828:. macrospora
1738:. terrestris
1728:. phragmitis
1620:Media related to
1564:978-0-88192-586-9
1539:978-1-58008-579-3
1475:978-0-7627-3109-1
1443:978-1-55407-651-2
1273:Fries EM (1822).
588:
587:
297:
296:
178:Species of fungus
176:
175:
40:Black morel near
16:Species of fungus
3340:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3238:
3236:NBNSYS0000019644
3226:
3225:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3039:
3038:
3025:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2896:. formosana
2895:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2777:. vaporaria
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2727:. tasmanica
2726:
2716:
2707:. smithiana
2706:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2647:. pragensis
2646:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2597:. miyabeana
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2557:. hungarica
2556:
2546:
2537:. hortensis
2536:
2526:
2517:. herediana
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2477:. crassipes
2476:
2466:
2457:. bicostata
2456:
2446:
2436:
2415:
2406:. tomentosa
2405:
2395:
2386:. sextelata
2385:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2346:. punctipes
2345:
2336:. pulchella
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2276:. importuna
2275:
2266:. feekensis
2265:
2256:. exuberans
2255:
2245:
2235:
2226:. eohespera
2225:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2186:. deliciosa
2185:
2175:
2165:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2062:. palazonii
2061:
2051:
2042:. fluvialis
2041:
2032:. esculenta
2031:
2021:
2011:
2002:. castaneae
2001:
1992:. americana
1991:
1967:
1958:. anatolica
1957:
1941:
1940:
1922:
1912:
1887:
1862:
1838:. subcaulis
1837:
1827:
1802:
1793:. rufescens
1792:
1782:
1772:
1748:. tillettei
1747:
1737:
1727:
1718:. palmicola
1717:
1708:. micheneri
1707:
1697:
1687:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1628:California Fungi
1619:
1604:
1603:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1557:. Timber Press.
1550:
1544:
1543:
1527:
1524:Mycelium Running
1517:
1511:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1464:. Guilford, CN:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1302:. Archived from
1300:Rogers Mushrooms
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1238:(4): 1245–1252.
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1067:. Archived from
1050:
1037:
1031:
1030:
993:
987:
986:
954:
945:
944:
942:
941:
930:
924:
923:
883:
877:
876:
842:
836:
835:
825:
812:
806:
805:
761:
752:
751:
719:
651:, Mount Parnitha
496:
455:was proposed by
368:Mushroom hunters
337:mushroom hunters
304:is a species of
278:
277:
273:
272:
255:
254:
240:
239:
222:
221:
205:
204:
190:
181:
180:
164:
61:
60:
35:
21:
20:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3313:Fungi of Europe
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3267:Observation.org
3265:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3242:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3082:Morchella elata
3080:
3079:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3052:Morchella elata
3046:
3036:
3031:
3026:. speciosa
2826:. bohemica
2806:. atroalba
2782:
2747:. tibetica
2567:. inamoena
2547:. hotsonii
2421:
2117:
2112:. vulgaris
2052:. galilaea
2022:. dunensis
1973:
1928:
1893:
1868:
1863:. gigantea
1843:
1808:
1753:
1698:. cristata
1668:
1661:
1622:Morchella elata
1612:
1607:
1592:10.2307/3756634
1576:
1572:
1565:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1468:. p. 503.
1455:
1451:
1444:
1422:
1418:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:(2–3): 277–292.
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1294:Morchella elata
1288:
1284:
1271:
1267:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1129:
1125:
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1038:
1034:
994:
990:
955:
948:
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927:
884:
880:
865:10.2307/3760589
843:
839:
823:
813:
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762:
755:
720:
709:
705:
688:
672:
656:Morchella elata
642:
614:Morchella elata
594:
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469:Morchella elata
453:Morchella elata
384:Morchella elata
345:
301:Morchella elata
275:
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252:
237:
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202:
196:
191:
184:Morchella elata
179:
172:
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162:Morchella elata
160:
147:
55:
25:Morchella elata
17:
12:
11:
5:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3333:Fungus species
3330:
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3293:
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3253:
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3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3016:. sauteri
3009:
3006:. rugipes
2999:
2996:. pusilla
2989:
2986:. pusilla
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2836:. candida
2829:
2819:
2816:. bispora
2809:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2757:. umbrina
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2717:. sulcata
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2677:. rielana
2670:
2660:
2657:. procera
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2527:. hetieri
2520:
2510:
2500:
2497:. distans
2490:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2447:. apicata
2440:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2396:. snyderi
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2206:. dunalii
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2166:. brunnea
2159:
2149:
2139:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2102:. ulmaria
2095:
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2035:
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2015:
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1995:
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1930:
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1894:
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1888:. brunnea
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1611:
1610:External links
1608:
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1605:
1586:(5): 779–780.
1570:
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1545:
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1153:10.3852/11-180
1147:(2): 446–461.
1123:
1104:(8): 672–682.
1096:) in Turkey".
1084:
1059:(2): 101–107.
1032:
999:Mycol Progress
988:
969:(6): 455–469.
946:
925:
906:(3): 223–233.
878:
859:(6): 762–772.
837:
828:Fungi Magazine
807:
786:10.3852/11-375
780:(5): 1159–77.
753:
734:(3): 252–265.
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552:M. septimelata
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508:M. angusticeps
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2966:. patula
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2916:. grisea
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2856:. conica
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2737:. tatari
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2699:
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2687:. rigida
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2649:
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2637:. patula
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2236:. eximia
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1803:. venosa
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1689:
1688:. athrix
1682:
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1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:Costantinella
1671:
1666:
1665:Morchellaceae
1658:
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1398:
1395:(2): 359–82.
1394:
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1331:
1327:
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1306:on 2008-05-18
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1074:on 2011-07-19
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426:North America
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407:
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385:
381:
376:
371:
369:
365:
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357:, are highly
356:
352:
351:
340:
338:
334:
333:edible fungus
331:is a popular
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:Morchellaceae
311:
307:
303:
302:
293:
291:
287:or can cause
286:
285:
281:Edibility is
280:
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153:Binomial name
150:
146:
145:
144:M. elata
140:
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133:
132:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:Morchellaceae
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
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100:Pezizomycetes
98:
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71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
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50:
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43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3318:Edible fungi
3051:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2891:
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2876:. dubia
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2831:
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2216:. elata
2212:
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2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2141:
2131:
2123:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2072:. prava
2067:
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2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
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1963:
1953:
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1466:FalconGuides
1461:
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1427:
1419:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:the original
1299:
1293:
1290:Phillips R.
1285:
1275:
1268:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1210:. Retrieved
1201:(2): 45–55.
1198:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1069:the original
1056:
1052:
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1035:
1002:
998:
991:
966:
962:
958:
938:. Retrieved
928:
903:
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827:
818:
810:
777:
773:
767:
731:
727:
723:
679:
673:
663:
659:
655:
654:
648:
630:
624:
622:
613:
612:
606:viewed with
600:
582:
577:M. tomentosa
575:
568:
563:M. sextelata
561:
550:
545:M. importuna
543:
536:
529:
523:
522:
513:
506:
500:
499:
490:purpurescens
489:
485:
484:The variety
483:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
452:
450:
415:
409:
399:
393:
387:
383:
375:phylogenetic
372:
354:
348:
346:
328:
324:
321:black morels
320:
300:
299:
298:
289:
283:
262:
229:
208:
161:
159:
143:
142:
130:
24:
18:
3218:NatureServe
3179:iNaturalist
3076:Wikispecies
1946:Rufobrunnea
834:(2): 14–18.
692:False morel
631:This is an
592:Description
538:M. capitata
359:polymorphic
3302:Categories
1900:Leucangium
1815:Fischerula
1310:2008-12-16
1212:2012-02-20
1078:2012-02-20
940:2009-05-26
703:References
570:M. snyderi
531:M. brunnea
90:Ascomycota
86:Division:
3308:Morchella
2124:Distantes
1980:Morchella
1935:Morchella
1760:Disciotis
1580:Mycologia
1389:Mycologia
1228:Morchella
1169:207685509
1141:Mycologia
1135:Morchella
1094:Morchella
1005:(3): 13.
959:Morchella
896:Disciotis
888:Morchella
852:Mycologia
847:Morchella
819:Morchella
774:Mycologia
768:Morchella
724:Morchella
680:Morchella
601:Morchella
442:Himalayas
406:Distantes
350:Morchella
319:known as
292:reactions
138:Species:
131:Morchella
110:Pezizales
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
3223:2.127652
3205:MycoBank
3197:10389503
3153:Fungorum
3103:BioLib:
3096:60020095
3091:AusFungi
3061:Wikidata
2122:Section
1978:Section
1944:Section
1875:Kalapuya
1411:25550303
1252:21188589
1203:Archived
1161:22123659
1118:20580850
1027:16132175
983:22503770
802:45219627
794:22495449
748:20888422
686:See also
670:Toxicity
664:M. elata
625:M. elata
486:M. elata
465:M. elata
461:M. elata
355:M. elata
329:M. elata
325:M. elata
317:commonly
290:allergic
244:Hymenium
212:hymenium
116:Family:
66:Domain:
3171:2594626
3067:Q627991
1667:species
1663:Extant
1600:3756634
1260:1394087
1007:Bibcode
920:7553270
873:3760589
618:hyaline
422:endemic
308:in the
230:conical
126:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
46:Germany
3285:339440
3256:NZOR:
3210:212987
3184:120172
3158:212987
3145:MRCHEL
3132:187840
1598:
1561:
1536:
1503:
1497:497–98
1472:
1440:
1409:
1258:
1250:
1167:
1159:
1116:
1025:
981:
918:
871:
800:
792:
746:
633:edible
583:
444:, and
440:, the
438:Israel
434:Turkey
380:clades
373:Early
310:family
306:fungus
284:choice
209:Smooth
171:(1822)
3272:14919
3249:39930
3192:IRMNG
3119:44CPP
3106:59668
2793:Verpa
1850:Imaia
1596:JSTOR
1256:S2CID
1206:(PDF)
1191:(PDF)
1165:S2CID
1072:(PDF)
1049:(PDF)
1023:S2CID
894:, and
892:Verpa
869:JSTOR
824:(PDF)
798:S2CID
488:var.
446:China
259:Stipe
80:Fungi
3244:NCBI
3166:GBIF
3140:EPPO
1559:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1407:PMID
1248:PMID
1157:PMID
1114:PMID
979:PMID
916:PMID
790:PMID
744:PMID
604:asci
398:and
263:bare
3231:NBN
3127:EoL
3114:CoL
1588:doi
1530:271
1434:361
1397:doi
1393:107
1240:doi
1149:doi
1145:104
1106:doi
1061:doi
1015:doi
971:doi
908:doi
861:doi
782:doi
778:104
736:doi
473:Mel
261:is
228:is
226:Cap
169:Fr.
42:Ulm
3304::
3282::
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1100:.
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1021:.
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967:49
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756:^
742:.
732:48
730:.
710:^
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436:,
432:,
428:,
414:(=
366:.
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44:,
3024:V
3014:V
3004:V
2994:V
2984:V
2974:V
2964:V
2954:V
2944:V
2934:V
2924:V
2914:V
2904:V
2894:V
2884:V
2874:V
2864:V
2854:V
2844:V
2834:V
2824:V
2814:V
2804:V
2775:M
2765:M
2755:M
2745:M
2735:M
2725:M
2715:M
2705:M
2695:M
2685:M
2675:M
2665:M
2655:M
2645:M
2635:M
2625:M
2615:M
2605:M
2595:M
2585:M
2575:M
2565:M
2555:M
2545:M
2535:M
2525:M
2515:M
2505:M
2495:M
2485:M
2475:M
2465:M
2455:M
2445:M
2435:M
2414:M
2404:M
2394:M
2384:M
2374:M
2364:M
2354:M
2344:M
2334:M
2324:M
2314:M
2304:M
2294:M
2284:M
2274:M
2264:M
2254:M
2244:M
2234:M
2224:M
2214:M
2204:M
2194:M
2184:M
2174:M
2164:M
2154:M
2144:M
2134:M
2110:M
2100:M
2090:M
2080:M
2070:M
2060:M
2050:M
2040:M
2030:M
2020:M
2010:M
2000:M
1990:M
1966:M
1956:M
1921:L
1911:L
1886:K
1861:I
1836:F
1826:F
1801:D
1791:D
1781:D
1771:D
1746:C
1736:C
1726:C
1716:C
1706:C
1696:C
1686:C
1656:e
1649:t
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