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invoke a certain ethical principle in all cases where the feature occurs, thus it rejects rationality. In response, the particularist may say that consistency is a condition that is meant to prevent the possession of a set of beliefs that cannot be simultaneously true. For example, it would be rationally inconsistent to believe that pain is harmful, that animals do not deserve harm, and that animals deserve pain. If this is the only meaningful way to consider consistency, then to evaluate it differently in the case of moral reasons would be incorrect.
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are said to be determined by factors of relevance with the consideration of a particular context. A moral particularist, for example, would argue that homicide cannot be judged to be morally wrong until all the morally relevant facts are known. While this stands in stark contrast to other prominent moral theories, such as
956:
morally sensitive person being the one to utilize these principles. Often, the use of said principles is believed to be the contrary of effective, since moral particularists have faith in the subject of the presumed ordinary case to carry out whatever set of morals they believe necessary to the particular situation.
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Within traditional moral particularism, it is strongly believed that moral thought has no distinguished structure. Some more extreme adaptations of the theory include the total rejection of theorized moral principles, as they are thought to be unnecessary in the presumed ordinary case of a relatively
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A key feature of rationality is that the rational agent maintains a consistent set of beliefs. In a moral sense, this means that the agent's internal ethical principles cannot contradict and must apply in every instance. Particularism rejects that a specific feature of a moral issue can necessarily
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that runs counter to the idea that moral actions can be determined by applying universal moral principles. It states that there is no set of moral principles that can be applied to every situation, making it an idea appealing to the causal nature of morally challenging situations. Moral judgements
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Objections regarding rationality also question the particularist's view on moral knowledge. When a selfish child encounters a situation where they are taught to value generosity, the moral generalist recognizes this as the child acquiring ethical knowledge in order to apply it in the future.
931:, it finds its way into jurisprudence, with the idea of justifiable homicide, for instance. In this case, the morally relevant facts are based on context rather than principle. Critics would argue that even in this case, the principle still informs morally right action.
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Particularism denies this and argues that acts can be justified by a sort of sense perception. Rather than deducing permissibility from general moral principles, the agent learns to see the salient moral features of a situation in a particular way.
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947:, Oxford: Clarendon, p. 18). Within philosophy, the term is mainly used to denote a favoritism to one's own interests; which goes to say that morality is not universal.
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has argued that cases, whether imagined or otherwise, contain elements from which we can infer certain moral ideas.
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McDowell, John; The
Hegeler Institute (1979). Sugden, Sherwood J. B. (ed.).
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1167:(Winter 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
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The term "particularism" was coined to designate this position by
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1079:"Moral Particularism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
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1124:
Mele, Alfred R.; Rawling, Piers, eds. (5 February 2004).
441:
1104:
European
Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy
1100:"Moral Particularism and the Role of Imaginary Cases"
870:. In order to explore related topics, please visit
4556:
3363:
1267:
890:
4310:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
1123:
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1274:
1260:
897:
883:
4342:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
1165:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1130:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
757:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
4557:
3351:
3013:
1755:
1293:
1255:
1158:
4358:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1246:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1234:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1058:Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy
1016:Hooker B, Little MO (eds.) (2001).
742:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
13:
1127:The Oxford Handbook of Rationality
1010:
14:
4581:
1221:
4539:
4538:
3331:
3330:
3317:
4326:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
3696:Value monism – Value pluralism
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1071:
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797:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
1:
3014:
1163:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1039:
4390:On the Genealogy of Morality
4350:Critique of Practical Reason
2803:Ordinary language philosophy
1294:
965:
772:On the Genealogy of Morality
732:Critique of Practical Reason
7:
2853:Contemporary utilitarianism
2768:Internalism and externalism
1136:10.1093/0195145399.001.0001
983:
10:
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4318:A Treatise of Human Nature
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2117:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1756:
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802:A Treatise of Human Nature
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1339:Philosophy of mathematics
1329:Philosophy of information
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1227:Dancy, Jonathan (2005). "
1025:Ethics without principles
777:The Philosophy of Freedom
3669:Universal prescriptivism
1159:Dancy, Jonathan (2017),
1023:Dancy, Jonathan (2004).
950:
3458:Artificial intelligence
2808:Postanalytic philosophy
2749:Experimental philosophy
1203:10.5840/monist197962319
1033:Oxford University Press
2941:Social constructionism
1953:Hellenistic philosophy
1369:Theoretical philosophy
1344:Philosophy of religion
1334:Philosophy of language
4382:The Methods of Ethics
3620:Divine command theory
3615:Ideal observer theory
3324:Philosophy portal
2843:Scientific skepticism
2823:Reformed epistemology
1349:Philosophy of science
1241:"Moral Particularism"
1239:Tsu, Peter Shiu-Hwa.
1161:"Moral Particularism"
1054:"Moral Particularism"
383:Social responsibility
310:Intellectual humility
16:Theory in meta-ethics
4499:Political philosophy
2744:Critical rationalism
2451:Edo neo-Confucianism
2295:Acintya bheda abheda
2274:Renaissance humanism
1985:School of the Sextii
1359:Practical philosophy
1354:Political philosophy
727:Beyond Good and Evil
4469:Evolutionary ethics
4430:Reasons and Persons
4406:A Theory of Justice
3560:Uncertain sentience
2315:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2226:Korean Confucianism
1973:Academic Skepticism
1229:Moral particularism
1187:"Virtue and Reason"
1018:Moral particularism
912:Moral particularism
792:A Theory of Justice
762:The Moral Landscape
24:Part of a series on
4464:Ethics in religion
4459:Descriptive ethics
4294:Nicomachean Ethics
2936:Post-structuralism
2838:Scientific realism
2793:Quinean naturalism
2773:Logical positivism
2729:Analytical Marxism
1948:Peripatetic school
1860:Chinese naturalism
1387:Aesthetic response
1314:Applied philosophy
945:Freedom and Reason
832:Ethics in religion
767:Nicomachean Ethics
4552:
4551:
4519:Social philosophy
4504:Population ethics
4494:Philosophy of law
4474:History of ethics
3957:Political freedom
3634:Euthyphro dilemma
3425:Suffering-focused
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2724:Analytic feminism
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2658:Kierkegaardianism
2620:Transcendentalism
2580:Neo-scholasticism
2426:Classical Realism
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2402:
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1990:Neopythagoreanism
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1746:
1743:
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1364:Social philosophy
1145:978-0-19-514539-7
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852:Social philosophy
837:History of ethics
722:Animal Liberation
552:Suffering-focused
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4570:Ethical theories
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2848:Transactionalism
2798:Normative ethics
2778:Legal positivism
2754:Falsificationism
2739:Consequentialism
2734:Communitarianism
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2706:
2575:New Confucianism
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1995:Second Sophistic
1980:Middle Platonism
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782:Practical Ethics
752:Ethics (Spinoza)
351:Moral imperative
315:Is–ought problem
168:Transcognitivism
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3880:Problem of evil
3825:Double standard
3815:Culture of life
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2466:Foundationalism
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2350:Aristotelianism
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2325:Vishishtadvaita
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1938:Megarian school
1933:Eretrian school
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1835:Agriculturalism
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1508:Incompatibilism
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345:Moral hierarchy
288:Problem of evil
238:Double standard
228:Culture of life
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4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Existentialist
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Constructivism
3626:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:Non-naturalism
3600:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3430:Utilitarianism
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3327:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3127:Middle Eastern
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Existentialism
2888:
2886:Deconstruction
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Applied ethics
2715:
2713:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2683:Nietzscheanism
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2625:Utilitarianism
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2523:Transcendental
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:Existentialism
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
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2374:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2249:Augustinianism
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2162:Zoroastrianism
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2005:Church Fathers
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
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1696:
1694:
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1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1520:Libertarianism
1517:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
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1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:Metaphilosophy
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1223:
1222:External links
1220:
1217:
1216:
1197:(3): 331–350.
1177:
1151:
1144:
1116:
1091:
1070:
1044:
1043:
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1038:
1037:
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1021:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
985:
982:
972:
969:
967:
964:
960:Jonathan Dancy
952:
949:
936:
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902:
901:
894:
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879:
876:
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859:
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849:
844:
839:
834:
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823:
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818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
807:Utilitarianism
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
747:Ethics (Moore)
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
709:
708:
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560:
559:
554:
549:
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539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
497:Existentialist
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
458:
454:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
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365:
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178:Utilitarianism
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118:
113:
108:
103:
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93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
67:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4582:
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4568:
4566:
4563:
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4560:
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4537:
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4462:
4460:
4457:
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4450:
4447:
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4444:
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4431:
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4423:
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4415:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4396:
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4388:
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4380:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4348:
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4340:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4308:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
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4244:
4241:
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4236:
4234:
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4209:
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4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
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4071:
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4058:
4056:
4051:
4045:
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4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Moral courage
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:Good and evil
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Family values
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Quasi-realism
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:Environmental
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Particularism
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3338:
3337:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:Miscellaneous
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3008:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:Miscellaneous
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Structuralism
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Postmodernism
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Phenomenology
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Vienna Circle
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Moral realism
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Phenomenology
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Individualism
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
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2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2395:Judeo-Islamic
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2371:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Shuddhadvaita
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
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2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Scholasticism
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
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1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
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1902:
1899:
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1877:
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1754:
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1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Conceptualism
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
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1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Particularism
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Functionalism
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Eliminativism
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
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1527:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Compatibilism
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Particularism
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
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1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:(in German).
1192:
1188:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
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1059:
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1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
990:Particularism
988:
987:
981:
977:
963:
961:
957:
948:
946:
942:
932:
930:
929:virtue ethics
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
900:
895:
893:
888:
886:
881:
880:
878:
877:
873:
869:
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861:
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848:
845:
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835:
833:
830:
828:
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815:
808:
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795:
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758:
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748:
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743:
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738:
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733:
730:
728:
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723:
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718:
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714:
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623:
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613:
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583:
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566:
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543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
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510:
508:
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503:
500:
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495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
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473:
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468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
451:
450:
443:
440:
436:
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432:
431:
428:
426:
423:
419:
416:
415:
414:
411:
409:
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404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Moral courage
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:Good and evil
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Family values
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
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187:
186:
179:
176:
174:
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169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
121:Perspectivism
119:
117:
116:Particularism
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:
39:
37:
36:
33:
28:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4523:
4479:Human rights
4422:After Virtue
4148:Schopenhauer
3922:Moral agency
3795:Common sense
3691:Universalism
3659:Expressivism
3639:Intuitionism
3610:Subjectivism
3555:Terraforming
3530:Professional
3409:
3329:
3315:
2986:
2977:Postcritique
2967:Kyoto School
2926:Posthumanism
2906:Hermeneutics
2761: /
2702:Contemporary
2678:Newtonianism
2641:Cartesianism
2600:Reductionism
2436:Conservatism
2431:Collectivism
2369:
2097:Sarvāstivadā
2075:Anekantavada
2000:Neoplatonism
1968:Epicureanism
1901:Pythagoreans
1840:Confucianism
1806:Contemporary
1796:Early modern
1700:Anti-realism
1654:Universalism
1633:
1611:Subjectivism
1407:Epistemology
1244:
1232:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1169:, retrieved
1164:
1154:
1126:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:
1048:
1024:
1017:
978:
974:
958:
954:
944:
938:
911:
910:
908:
717:After Virtue
677:Schopenhauer
492:Evolutionary
335:Moral agency
208:Common sense
173:Universalism
158:Subjectivism
136:Anti-realism
126:Projectivism
115:
96:Intuitionism
91:Error theory
86:Epicureanism
76:Confucianism
18:
4297:(c. 322 BC)
4163:Kierkegaard
3982:Stewardship
3759:Rousseauian
3676:Rationalism
3588:Cognitivism
3535:Programming
3510:Meat eating
3483:Engineering
2972:Objectivism
2911:Neo-Marxism
2873:Continental
2783:Meta-ethics
2763:Coherentism
2668:Hegelianism
2605:Rationalism
2565:Natural law
2545:Materialism
2471:Historicism
2441:Determinism
2332:Navya-Nyāya
2107:Sautrāntika
2102:Pudgalavada
2038:Vaisheshika
1891:Presocratic
1791:Renaissance
1730:Physicalism
1715:Materialism
1621:Normativity
1606:Objectivism
1591:Emergentism
1581:Behaviorism
1530:Metaphysics
1496:Determinism
1435:Rationalism
1005:Rationality
995:Meta-ethics
971:Rationality
943:, in 1963 (
916:meta-ethics
627:Kierkegaard
547:Situational
487:Descriptive
467:Axiological
393:Stewardship
148:Rousseauism
4565:Metaethics
4559:Categories
4193:Bonhoeffer
3902:Immorality
3845:Eudaimonia
3805:Conscience
3800:Compassion
3686:Skepticism
3681:Relativism
3598:Naturalism
3578:Absolutism
3550:Technology
3400:Deontology
3271:Amerindian
3178:Australian
3117:Vietnamese
3097:Indonesian
2646:Kantianism
2595:Positivism
2585:Pragmatism
2560:Naturalism
2540:Liberalism
2518:Subjective
2456:Empiricism
2360:Avicennism
2305:Bhedabheda
2189:East Asian
2112:Madhyamaka
2092:Abhidharma
1958:Pyrrhonism
1725:Nominalism
1720:Naturalism
1649:Skepticism
1639:Relativism
1629:Absolutism
1558:Naturalism
1468:Deontology
1440:Skepticism
1425:Naturalism
1415:Empiricism
1379:Aesthetics
1283:Philosophy
1171:4 December
1109:17 October
1063:17 October
1040:References
941:R. M. Hare
921:deontology
872:navigation
868:philosophy
862:This is a
527:Population
361:Immorality
253:Eudaimonia
218:Conscience
213:Compassion
143:Relativism
81:Deontology
71:Absolutism
4454:Casuistry
4366:Either/Or
4273:Korsgaard
4268:Azurmendi
4233:MacIntyre
4173:Nietzsche
4103:Augustine
4098:Confucius
4078:Aristotle
4054:Ethicists
4012:Intrinsic
3977:Suffering
3887:Happiness
3860:Free will
3840:Etiquette
3785:Authority
3729:Epicurean
3724:Confucian
3719:Christian
3654:Emotivism
3478:Discourse
3415:Pragmatic
3387:Normative
3150:Pakistani
3112:Taiwanese
3059:Ethiopian
3032:By region
3018:By region
2833:Scientism
2828:Systemics
2688:Spinozism
2615:Socialism
2550:Modernism
2513:Objective
2421:Anarchism
2355:Averroism
2244:Christian
2196:Neotaoism
2167:Zurvanism
2157:Mithraism
2152:Mazdakism
1923:Cyrenaics
1850:Logicians
1483:Free will
1445:Solipsism
1392:Formalism
1243:, in the
1211:0026-9662
1084:13 August
966:Criticism
864:subseries
827:Casuistry
737:Either/Or
652:Nietzsche
637:MacIntyre
602:Confucius
587:Augustine
582:Aristotle
570:Ethicists
532:Pragmatic
522:Normative
482:Christian
418:Intrinsic
388:Suffering
295:Happiness
268:Free will
248:Etiquette
198:Authority
4544:Category
4484:Ideology
4449:Axiology
4278:Nussbaum
4228:Frankena
4223:Anscombe
4213:Williams
4168:Sidgwick
4088:Valluvar
4083:Diogenes
4068:Socrates
3992:Theodicy
3987:Sympathy
3952:Pacifism
3942:Morality
3855:Fidelity
3835:Equality
3790:Autonomy
3778:Concepts
3739:Feminist
3714:Buddhist
3644:Nihilism
3583:Axiology
3540:Research
3473:Computer
3468:Business
3336:Category
3291:Yugoslav
3281:Romanian
3188:Scottish
3173:American
3102:Japanese
3082:Buddhist
3064:Africana
3054:Egyptian
2896:Feminist
2818:Rawlsian
2813:Quietism
2711:Analytic
2663:Krausism
2570:Nihilism
2535:Kokugaku
2498:Absolute
2493:Idealism
2481:Humanism
2269:Occamism
2236:European
2181:Medieval
2127:Yogacara
2087:Buddhist
2080:Syādvāda
1963:Stoicism
1928:Cynicism
1916:Sophists
1911:Atomists
1906:Eleatics
1845:Legalism
1786:Medieval
1710:Idealism
1664:Ontology
1644:Nihilism
1548:Idealism
1306:Branches
1295:Branches
984:See also
842:Ideology
682:Sidgwick
657:Nussbaum
502:Feminist
472:Buddhist
435:Cardinal
403:Theodicy
398:Sympathy
356:Morality
263:Fidelity
203:Autonomy
191:Concepts
153:Stoicism
106:Nihilism
101:Moralism
47:Category
4442:Related
4188:Tillich
4153:Bentham
4128:Spinoza
4123:Aquinas
4108:Mencius
4022:Western
3997:Torture
3962:Precept
3917:Loyalty
3912:Liberty
3907:Justice
3820:Dignity
3810:Consent
3754:Kantian
3744:Islamic
3707:Schools
3593:Realism
3525:Nursing
3520:Medical
3505:Machine
3445:Applied
3286:Russian
3255:Spanish
3250:Slovene
3240:Maltese
3235:Italian
3215:Finland
3183:British
3165:Western
3155:Turkish
3140:Islamic
3135:Iranian
3087:Chinese
3074:Eastern
3041:African
2988:more...
2673:Marxism
2503:British
2446:Dualism
2342:Islamic
2300:Advaita
2290:Vedanta
2264:Scotism
2259:Thomism
2201:Tiantai
2144:Persian
2132:Tibetan
2122:Śūnyatā
2063:Cārvāka
2053:Ājīvika
2048:Mīmāṃsā
2028:Samkhya
1943:Academy
1896:Ionians
1870:Yangism
1827:Chinese
1818:Ancient
1781:Western
1776:Ancient
1735:Realism
1692:Reality
1682:Process
1563:Realism
1543:Dualism
1538:Atomism
1420:Fideism
935:History
820:Related
692:Spinoza
592:Bentham
577:Aquinas
542:Secular
507:Islamic
462:Applied
455:Domains
430:Virtues
330:Loyalty
325:Liberty
320:Justice
233:Dignity
223:Consent
131:Realism
64:Schools
42:Outline
4433:(1984)
4425:(1981)
4417:(1979)
4409:(1971)
4401:(1903)
4393:(1887)
4385:(1874)
4377:(1861)
4369:(1843)
4361:(1820)
4353:(1788)
4345:(1785)
4337:(1780)
4329:(1759)
4321:(1740)
4313:(1726)
4305:(1677)
4263:Taylor
4248:Parfit
4243:Singer
4218:Mackie
4093:Cicero
4034:Virtue
3967:Rights
3892:Honour
3749:Jewish
3545:Sexual
3453:Animal
3435:Virtue
3379:Ethics
3245:Polish
3225:German
3220:French
3205:Danish
3195:Canada
3145:Jewish
3107:Korean
3092:Indian
2634:People
2555:Monism
2508:German
2476:Holism
2409:Modern
2387:Jewish
2310:Dvaita
2283:Indian
2206:Huayan
2058:Ajñana
2015:Indian
1880:Greco-
1865:Taoism
1855:Mohism
1801:Modern
1768:By era
1757:By era
1672:Action
1553:Monism
1473:Virtue
1455:Ethics
1231:", in
1209:
1191:Monist
1142:
1029:Oxford
1020:. OUP.
1000:Ethics
927:, and
697:Taylor
687:Singer
662:Parfit
642:Mackie
597:Cicero
557:Virtue
512:Jewish
413:Values
373:Rights
349:
300:Honour
163:Taoism
31:Ethics
4525:Index
4287:Works
4258:Adams
4253:Nagel
4208:Dewey
4203:Rawls
4183:Barth
4178:Moore
4143:Hegel
4118:Xunzi
4073:Plato
4063:Laozi
4044:Wrong
4017:Japan
4007:Value
4002:Trust
3897:Ideal
3764:Stoic
3515:Media
3500:Legal
3276:Aztec
3230:Greek
3210:Dutch
3200:Czech
3049:Bantu
2486:Anti-
2033:Nyaya
2023:Hindu
1883:Roman
1677:Event
1319:Logic
951:Views
710:Works
672:Rawls
667:Plato
647:Moore
632:Laozi
612:Hegel
425:Vices
408:Trust
368:Norms
305:Ideal
52:Index
4238:Hare
4198:Foot
4158:Mill
4138:Kant
4133:Hume
4113:Mozi
4029:Vice
3947:Norm
3875:Evil
3870:Good
3830:Duty
3570:Meta
3493:Land
3420:Role
3405:Care
2377:Sufi
2211:Chan
2070:Jain
2043:Yoga
1573:Mind
1513:Hard
1501:Hard
1207:ISSN
1173:2022
1140:ISBN
1111:2019
1086:2021
1065:2019
622:Kant
617:Hume
607:Foot
537:Role
517:Meta
477:Care
283:Evil
278:Good
243:Duty
4039:Vow
3769:Tao
3463:Bio
2651:Neo
2216:Zen
1199:doi
1132:doi
866:on
442:Vow
4561::
1205:.
1195:62
1189:.
1138:.
1102:.
1056:.
1031::
1027:,
923:,
3371:e
3364:t
3357:v
1275:e
1268:t
1261:v
1213:.
1201::
1148:.
1134::
1113:.
1088:.
1067:.
1035:.
898:e
891:t
884:v
874:.
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