421:
894:
106:
290:
1167:
838:
42:
61:
623:
913:
413:
1114:
83:
811:, a fungal disease native to the southeast United States and found (in 1986) to have been introduced to California. When trees begin to die of the disease, they attract bark beetles which provide a pathway for infection of other trees. In some stands, 80–90% of trees are infected. If the disease is introduced in agroforestry areas dependent upon
1206:
structures such as retaining walls and pole houses. The name applied to this treatment is tanalized wood. H1 and H2 treatment is suited to indoor use. H3 is the standard house timber and this grade is used for fence palings. H4 and H5 are the standard for inground use. In New
Zealand, a 1995 change to no longer require
1087:
is widely used in private gardens and public landscapes in temperate
California, and similar climates around the world. It is particularly commonly grown as a landscape tree in coastal areas of California outside of its native range, where the climate is virtually identical to its native range. It is
990:(on the central plateau of the North Island), which is one of the largest planted forests in the world. Mass plantings became common from 1900 in the Rotorua area where prison labour was used. In some areas (particularly areas that were formerly grazed that have had stock removed) it is considered an
779:
In South Africa, the tree is a threat to already scarce water resources. The tree has remarkable roots. Monterey pine roots will reach downward as far as physically permitted by subterranean conditions. Roots have been discovered up to 12 meters (39 ft) long. Efforts to remove large quantities
1221:
is used chipped to make particle board sheets, commonly used in flooring. Other sheet products are hardboard, softboard and ply. Most ply is structural and available in 7–22 mm (0.28–0.87 in) sizes. A small amount of higher grade ply is used to produce thinner (4 and 7 mm or 0.16 and
867:
seedlings and caused soil erosion from the mid-19th century until just a few years ago. The older trees gradually died off until by 2001–2002 the population stood at only one hundred. With a program to remove the goats essentially complete by 2005, hundreds of young
Guadalupe pines have started to
569:
On both islands it is the only pine species, and one of the few tree species. Compared to the mainland species, which are mostly three-needled, the insular varieties have their needles in bundles of two. Their cones are also smaller, and they show greater wind resistance in regards to wind-induced
517:
In Mexico, it is found on two islands in the
Pacific Ocean, Guadalupe Island and Cedros Island. On Guadalupe Island, located 280 km (150 nmi) off of the mainland coast, the pines are found on the steep northern end of the island, at elevations of around 500 to 1,200 m (1,600 to
1205:
The wood is normally kiln dried to 12% moisture in 6 m (19 ft 8 in) long, clear lengths. It is available treated with a range of chemical salts, or untreated. Chemical salt treatment is well proven and such timber is frequently used in the ground as posts and poles as part of
934:
was introduced to
Australia in the 1870s. It is "the dominant tree species in the Australian plantation estate" – so much so that many Australians are concerned by the resulting loss of native wildlife habitat. The species is widely regarded as an environmental weed across southeastern and
489:
The modern tree is vastly different from the native tree of
Monterey. In plantations the tree is commonly planted at 4 square meter spacing on a wide variety of landscapes from flat to moderately steep hills. Because of selective breeding and more recently the extensive use of growth factor
970:, where vast plantations have been planted for timber, again displacing the native forests. In 2001, this species produced 5,580,724 cubic meters of lumber, or 95% of Chile's total lumber production. In 2021 1.3 million of Chile's 2.3 million ha of forest plantations were planted with
522:. They are found at lower elevations than on Guadalupe, at around 285 to 690 m (935 to 2,264 ft), on the windward ridges and canyons of the north and central parts of the island. In both cases, the pines seem to be heavily dependent on locations with a high frequency of
1201:
is used in house construction as weatherboards, posts, beams or plywood, in fencing, retaining walls, for concrete formers. It is also used to a limited extent in boat building where untreated ply is sometimes used, but must be encased in epoxy resin to exclude moisture.
1055:
forests have a negative effect on local ecology. In its plantations there are usually no other tree species, while its shady undergrowth does not allow the existence of a rich stratum of scrub. 13% of the wood cut annually in Spain comes from this pine.
1182:
is suitable for a wide variety of uses, and has a resinous fragrance while being worked. It holds screws and nails well and takes paint and stain without difficulty, and modern kiln dried timber is very easy to work. It is about 1/3 heavier than dried
868:
grow up in habitat fenced after 2001, the first significant new growth in about 150 years. Possible accidental introduction of pine pitch canker is considered the biggest threat at present to the survival of the
Guadalupe Island pine population. The
1088:
fast-growing and adaptable to a broad range of soil types and climates, though it does not tolerate temperatures below about −15 °C (5 °F). Its fast growth makes it ideal for landscapes and forestry; in a good situation,
711:
of abrupt transition. The numerous groves form a mostly-monotypic forest of the species, with very few other plants besides seedlings emerging in the understory. In some areas, the edges of the forest form a zone that supports
1962:
Daniel, Soto
Aguirre; Gysling Caselli, Janina; Kahler González, Carlos; Poblete Hernández, Pamela; Álvarez González, Verónica; Pardo Velásquez, Evaristo; Bañados, Juan Carlos; Baeza Rocha, Daniela (1 September 2021).
644:, i.e. they remain closed until opened by the heat of a forest fire; the abundant seeds are then discharged to regenerate on the burned forest floor. The cones may also burst open in hot weather.
438:
tree growing to 15–30 m (50–100 ft) tall in the wild, but up to 60 m (200 ft) in cultivation in optimum conditions, with upward pointing branches and a rounded top. The
3187:
2317:
1025:
since the nineteenth century they have been introduced mainly in the north area in order to take advantage of their wood for the manufacture of paper pulp and for shoring work in
486:, hybridizing readily with both species; it is distinguished from the former by needles in threes (not pairs), and from both by the cones not having a sharp spine on the scales.
529:
In
Australia, New Zealand, and Spain it is the leading introduced tree and in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Kenya, and South Africa it is a major plantation species. It is also an
518:
3,900 ft), where they follow the ridgetops and steep slopes. On Cedros Island, the pines are more abundant, being found in far greater numbers partly due to the lack of
2044:
1009:
from about 1920, but doubts were being expressed about it as late as 1945, when at least one MP considered it only suitable for interior studding. Experiments in
3192:
829:
in
California and causes serious damage to plantations of the species in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, especially after hail damage to growing tips.
2155:"DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE) (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1945)"
1544:
Scott, C. W. 1960. Pinus radiata. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Forestry and Forest Products Study 14. Rome, Italy. 328 p. cited in
2431:
León de la Luz, José Luis; Rebman, Jon P. & Oberbauer, Thomas (2003). On the urgency of conservation on Guadalupe Island, Mexico: is it a lost paradise?
1226:. Since the 1990s finger jointed joinery-grade wood has become available in up to 6 m (19 ft 8 in) lengths in a wide range of profiles.
986:
in New Zealand) was first introduced into New Zealand in 1859 and today 89% of the country's plantation forests are of this species. This includes the
3152:
3010:
1874:
1273:
Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus radiata. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 July 2013.
1778:
2845:
1612:
1755:
3070:
2923:
1502:
Rogers, Deborah L.; Jesús Vargas Hernández, J.; Matheson, A. Colin; Guerra Santos, Jesús J. (2005), Romero, Aldemaro; West, Sarah E. (eds.),
490:
seedlings, forests planted since the 1990s have very straight tall trunks without the problem of twin leaders. The trees are pruned in three
371:
is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, suitable for a wide range of uses and valued for rapid growth, as well as desirable
2538:
2324:
398:
parts of the world, it faces serious threats in its natural range, due to the introduction of a fungal parasite, the pine pitch canker (
2687:
1799:
1092:
can reach its full height in 40 years or so. Though a combination of biotic and abiotic factors determines the natural distribution of
3031:
2524:
3167:
3147:
1945:
1832:
1473:
2941:
2783:
2304:
1306:
383:
reflects a century of research, observation and practice. It is often considered a model for growers of other plantation species.
3202:
3182:
3177:
2871:
2796:
2477:
2051:
2179:
2959:
1729:
1550:
1523:
1376:
1344:
1042:
3000:
2876:
1927:
3197:
1993:
464: in) long, brown, ovoid (egg-shaped), and usually set asymmetrically on a branch, attached at an oblique angle. The
3172:
2721:
2682:
1453:
511:
468:
is fissured and dark grey to brown. When not cut short by disease or harvesting, it has a lifespan of 80 to 90 years.
1297:
1222:
0.28 in) ply suitable for furniture, cabinet work and boat building. This is knot and crack free and glued with
1153:
105:
741:
fog, the pines create irrigation for themselves and their associates. Towards the far northern end of the island, a
3111:
2270:
967:
65:
1680:
2928:
2832:
2656:
2367:
948:
917:
90:
3049:
1783:. Taller sobre la Restauración y Conservación de Isla Guadalupe . Instituto Nacional de Ecología. Archived from
3106:
2964:
2459:
2389:
1283:
1135:
1131:
1217:
Lower grade timber is converted to pulp to make newsprint. Higher grade timber is used in house construction.
2910:
2341:
2287:
1856:
1005:
Use of pine in construction did not become widespread until forced by wartime shortages. It had been used in
530:
503:
17:
780:
of the non-native tree in areas of South Africa have resulted in significant increases in accessible water.
3162:
2762:
2473:
2243:
704:
2635:
2499:
2451:
2403:
2014:
The Acland family at Mount Peel Station had made the first NZ introduction of British seedlings in 1859...
3057:
2858:
2607:
1878:
1069:
507:
2625:
1780:
Recent conservation efforts and current status of the flora of Guadalupe Island, Baja California, Mexico
1010:
3044:
2801:
2368:"*ARCHIVE* – BIA Update No. 20 – Changes to Acceptable Solution B2/AS1 – Timber Durability 23 Dec 2003"
1784:
335:
2192:
2154:
1620:
3207:
2951:
1241:. In 2011 these hand-built boats fetched very high prices and were generally in excellent condition.
952:
765:
2736:
1743:
651:
is associated with characteristic flora and fauna. It is the co-dominant canopy tree, together with
2217:
869:
680:
237:
2902:
1964:
935:
southwestern Australia and the removal of individual plants beyond plantations is encouraged. The
3036:
2674:
2588:
2508:
1124:
769:
666:
2128:
2076:
1096:, humans have broadly expanded its distribution up and down the California coast, even reaching
2850:
2775:
2757:
2550:
2102:
1006:
1504:"Conserving the Pines of Guadalupe and Cedros Islands, Mexico: An International Collaboration"
1002:) where it has escaped from plantations. It is the most extensively used wood in New Zealand.
554:
of this species have been recognized, each corresponding to the island they are endemic to in
1073:
856:
692:
559:
420:
264:
221:
3098:
2990:
1806:
1207:
2889:
2824:
2695:
1187:. It is brittle when bent, so does not have the same load-bearing features as Oregon pine (
940:
662:
653:
8:
1839:
1663:"Floristic Analysis of Vegetation Communities on Isla de Cedros, Baja California, Mexico"
1643:
1571:
807:
753:
400:
50:
3023:
3119:
2770:
1979:
1900:
1211:
893:
818:
723:
563:
312:
100:
3075:
1334:
815:, such as New Zealand, it could have catastrophic effects in those countries as well.
494:
so that the lower two-thirds of a mature tree is free of branches and hence of knots.
491:
2985:
2749:
2643:
1961:
1662:
1519:
1449:
1372:
1340:
1184:
1022:
773:
391:
205:
1418:
1366:
3124:
2661:
2648:
2469:
2439:
2077:"PINUS RADIATA – UTILISATION AS bUILDING TIMBER (Bay of Plenty Beacon, 1945-12-18)"
1511:
991:
987:
943:, is a planted forest of Monterey Pine trees. 30 kilometres (19 miles) west of the
798:
551:
534:
347:
2599:
872:'s Russell Reservation forestry research station hosts an orchard planted with 73
3062:
2972:
2612:
2532:
2318:"Background note: Information briefing for members of Parliament:Leaky buildings"
2274:
1501:
1234:
1223:
1030:
995:
925:
906:
742:
733:
671:
658:
555:
2915:
1931:
3157:
3018:
1396:
1046:
130:
2443:
2001:
876:
seedlings from Guadalupe Island and plays an important role in conserving the
446:), slender, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long and with a blunt tip. The ovulate
3141:
2884:
2726:
2573:
2516:
936:
898:
700:
483:
465:
395:
351:
70:
2026:
1777:
Junak, S; Keitt, B; Tershy, B; Croll, D; Sánchez, JA (13–14 November 2003).
1515:
289:
3088:
2863:
1250:
is the most common species of Christmas tree in Australia and New Zealand.
999:
738:
447:
380:
376:
2977:
2103:"FOR HOUSE BUILDING – PINUS RADIATA CONDEMNED (Auckland Star, 1945-12-15)"
1503:
502:
In the United States, it is native to three very limited areas located in
2897:
2809:
2582:
1230:
1188:
630:
479:
2267:
1214:, but since 2003 a series of changes have now improved the regulations.
2788:
2129:"PARLIAMENT IN SESSION – DAY'S DEBATE (New Zealand Herald, 1945-07-07)"
1684:
1572:"Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico"
1257:
is commonly planted to block wind or noise, or for ornamental reasons.
1166:
1138: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
944:
860:
837:
519:
339:
143:
41:
2375:
640:
is adapted to cope with stand-killing fire disturbance. Its cones are
622:
2814:
2744:
2708:
2288:"Radiata Pine – The Wood Database – Lumber Identification (Softwood)"
1925:
1038:
1029:. It is found in low altitude areas of the Autonomous Communities of
1026:
912:
713:
688:
475:
refers to the cracks which radiate from the umbo of the cone scales.
435:
432:
412:
355:
280:
2837:
2544:
1244:
The bark is used as a substrate for potting and re-potting orchids.
1113:
3083:
2936:
2567:
2244:"The Tree That's Rare, Endangered and Common – Bay Nature Magazine"
1034:
902:
641:
362:
183:
2713:
1337:
National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
1310:
2669:
1371:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
747:
718:
708:
358:
173:
163:
153:
2700:
2045:"Situation and outlook for New Zealand agriculture and forestry"
442:("needles") are bright green, in clusters of three (two in var.
2620:
2050:. NZ Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2007. Archived from
1833:"Fauna conservation in Australian plantation forests: a review"
1097:
921:
859:. Most of the population was destroyed as tens of thousands of
802:
757:
can sometimes be found growing under the pines in the ecotone.
676:
372:
343:
2000:. Friends of the Wellington Botanic Garden Inc. Archived from
1233:
started building 186 eleven-foot (3.35 m), cold-moulded
117:
2323:. NZ Parliamentary Library. 6 November 2002. Archived from
1419:"Status of Native Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) Ecosystems"
439:
331:
193:
1717:
3188:
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
1683:. Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History. Archived from
947:, there is a forest of introduced Monterey Pine trees in
523:
797:(Monterey pine proper) are infected and under threat of
2180:
Los pinares de pino radiata Los pinares de pino radiata
1598:
The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees
1508:
Environmental Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean
1644:"Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology and systematics"
1013:
with water-soluble preservatives were made from 1943.
1805:. Davis, CA: University of California. Archived from
1776:
2458:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
2223:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 71
1549:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcDonaldLaacke1990 (
1390:
1388:
1510:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 31–54,
982:The Monterey pine (always called "Radiata Pine" or
1926:Mary T. Kalin Arroyo & Adriana E. Hoffmann-J.
2182:Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de España.
1861:Weeds of Australia Biosecurity Queensland Edition
1728:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMcDonaldLaacke1990 (
1385:
679:, is endemic to the same pine forest adjacent to
3139:
1830:
1754:. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry.
1569:
1210:in house framing timber was a key factor in the
2450:McDonald, Philip M.; Laacke, Robert J. (1990).
2342:"Leaky homes will cost $ 11.3b to fix – report"
1641:
1611:Hogan, C. Michael; Frankis, Michael P. (2009).
3193:Natural history of Monterey County, California
2449:
1723:
1545:
657:, which also naturally occurs only in coastal
1877:. Blue Mountains City Council. Archived from
1497:
1495:
939:, 40 kilometres (25 miles) south-east of the
533:on the world's most remote inhabited island,
1955:
1610:
1570:Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016).
1446:The Genus Pinus: A Reference Guide for Pines
1174:bonsai at the National Arboretum in Canberra
2539:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
1831:Lindenmayer, D.B.; Hobbs, R.J. (May 2007).
497:
1650:. Washington, DC: U.S.D.A. Forest Service.
1492:
661:. Furthermore, one of the pine forests in
288:
81:
59:
40:
2509:Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of
1930:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
1800:"Status of Conservation of Monterey Pine"
1660:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1154:Learn how and when to remove this message
3153:NatureServe critically imperiled species
1946:"Douglas-fir Grown in Chile: Background"
1708:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1307:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1165:
911:
892:
836:
793:The three remaining wild stands of var.
621:
419:
411:
2478:United States Department of Agriculture
2277:, Primary Industries and Fisheries, QLD
1752:Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 161
1368:Sustainable management of Pinus radiata
14:
3140:
2488:– via Southern Research Station.
1824:
1595:
1558:
1467:
1465:
1443:
1360:
1358:
1356:
783:
772:, is a prime wintering habitat of the
707:on other parts of the island, forming
2549:
2548:
2185:
1998:Downhill Walk to City – Trees of Note
1704:
1702:
1428:
1394:
1335:Kershner, Bruce; et al. (2008).
1290:
1068:(Aurea Group) 'Aurea' has gained the
3112:e8152c79-5ab0-4e24-8f65-c210a70532bb
2952:179af0af-b10b-488d-ae80-50783d59f7a7
2310:
1758:from the original on 16 October 2016
1642:Hawksworth, F.G.; Wiens, D. (1996).
1619:. GlobalTwitcher.com. Archived from
1579:San Diego Society of Natural History
1471:
1364:
1296:
1136:adding citations to reliable sources
1107:
2037:
1462:
1395:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
1353:
1229:In 1958, New Zealand boat designer
24:
3050:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30020085-2
2241:
1951:. Concepción, CHILE. October 2002.
1797:
1699:
1667:Third California Islands Symposium
1444:Powell, Leslie (9 February 2017).
1339:. New York: Sterling. p. 84.
916:Monterey Pine trees plantation in
832:
687:is a principal host for the dwarf
25:
3219:
2493:
2161:. National Library of New Zealand
2135:. National Library of New Zealand
2109:. National Library of New Zealand
2083:. National Library of New Zealand
1059:
788:
424:Pollen cones, 2 cm scale bar
3168:Trees of Mexican Pacific Islands
3148:IUCN Red List endangered species
1928:"Temperate Rain Forest of Chile"
1112:
1079:
968:Valdivian temperate rain forests
562:these taxa and do not recognize
104:
2425:
2396:
2382:
2360:
2334:
2298:
2280:
2261:
2235:
2210:
2173:
2147:
2121:
2095:
2069:
2019:
1986:
1938:
1919:
1893:
1867:
1849:
1791:
1770:
1736:
1673:
1654:
1635:
1604:
1589:
1538:
1478:Fire Effects Information System
1123:needs additional citations for
745:community mostly consisting of
737:. With their large surfaces to
545:
390:is extensively cultivated as a
3203:Garden plants of North America
3183:Trees of mild maritime climate
3178:Trees of Mediterranean climate
2374:. 9 March 2004. Archived from
1713:. University of Chicago Press.
1596:Little, Elbert L. Jr. (1980).
1411:
1328:
1276:
1267:
977:
883:
592:. Endemic to Guadalupe Island.
407:
13:
1:
2537:– genetic conservation units
2433:Biodiversity and Conservation
1907:. Blue Mountains City Council
1661:Oberbauer, Thomas A. (1987).
1260:
665:, was the discovery site for
2474:United States Forest Service
1600:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
888:
699:The habitat of the pines on
7:
1965:"Statistical Yearbook 2021"
1905:Weeds of the Blue Mountains
1070:Royal Horticultural Society
703:contrasts greatly with the
613:. Endemic to Cedros Island.
540:
10:
3224:
3198:Endangered biota of Mexico
1724:McDonald & Laacke 1990
1546:McDonald & Laacke 1990
1284:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1224:resorcinol waterproof glue
1045:, and in the north of the
851:On Guadalupe Island, var.
751:is found, and the endemic
617:
3173:Trees of Northern America
2557:
2218:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
1709:Balmford, Andrew (2012).
1681:"Monarch Grove Sanctuary"
1448:. lulu.com. p. 112.
966:has greatly replaced the
669:, an endangered species.
478:It is closely related to
296:
287:
270:
263:
101:Scientific classification
99:
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2466:Silvics of North America
1863:. Queensland Government.
1648:Agriculture Handbook 709
1016:
958:
870:University of California
609:— Commonly known as the
588:— Commonly known as the
514:Counties of California.
498:Distribution and habitat
2525:UC CalPhotos gallery –
2444:10.1023/A:1022854211166
1516:10.1007/1-4020-3774-0_2
1405:The Gymnosperm Database
1103:
918:Prospect Hill, Pemulwuy
897:Monterey Pine trees in
770:Monarch Grove Sanctuary
683:. In its native range,
2346:The New Zealand Herald
2197:(Aurea Group) 'Aurea'"
1175:
928:
909:
848:
634:
425:
417:
2273:11 April 2011 at the
1235:Zephyr-class dinghies
1169:
1074:Award of Garden Merit
915:
896:
857:critically endangered
840:
693:Arceuthobium littorum
647:In its native range,
625:
590:Guadalupe Island pine
471:The specific epithet
423:
415:
87:Critically Imperiled
2390:"Norske Skog Tasman"
2378:on 13 November 2007.
1972:Statistical Bulletin
1615:Cupressus macrocarpa
1472:Cope, Amy B (1993).
1170:Forty-five year old
1132:improve this article
941:Adelaide city centre
675:, a rare species of
667:Hickman's potentilla
663:Monterey, California
654:Cupressus macrocarpa
450:are 7–17 cm (3–
3163:Flora of California
2500:Calflora Database:
2330:on 2 November 2012.
2193:"RHS Plantfinder –
1798:Rogers, Deborah L.
1623:on 6 September 2017
1613:"Monterey Cypress (
1480:. US Forest Service
951:, in the suburb of
808:Fusarium circinatum
784:Conservation status
754:Dudleya pachyphytum
716:species, including
607:(J.T. Howell) Silba
401:Fusarium circinatum
51:Conservation status
2348:. 22 December 2009
1994:"E: Pinus radiata"
1980:Instituto Forestal
1875:"Weed Fact Sheets"
1787:on 19 August 2007.
1212:leaky homes crisis
1176:
1011:pressure treatment
945:Sydney city centre
929:
910:
849:
819:Sphaeropsis blight
731:, and the endemic
635:
611:Cedros Island pine
426:
418:
330:, is a species of
27:Species of conifer
3135:
3134:
2986:Open Tree of Life
2551:Taxon identifiers
2404:"Pinus radiata D"
2292:wood-database.com
2242:George, Zach St.
1934:on 18 April 2010.
1845:on 8 August 2017.
1525:978-1-4020-3774-0
1378:978-92-5-107634-7
1346:978-1-4027-3875-3
1185:western red cedar
1164:
1163:
1156:
1023:Iberian Peninsula
998:or more commonly
774:monarch butterfly
608:
587:
392:plantation timber
304:
303:
297:Natural range of
94:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3215:
3208:Ornamental trees
3128:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3040:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2916:NHMSYS0000461725
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2546:
2545:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:Washington, D.C.
2438:(5): 1073–1082.
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1969:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1838:. Archived from
1837:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:Blight of Pines"
1740:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1567:
1556:
1554:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1441:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1365:Mead, D (2013).
1362:
1351:
1350:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1309:. Archived from
1304:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1208:borate treatment
1159:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1116:
1108:
992:invasive species
988:Kaingaroa Forest
801:from pine pitch
606:
586:(Engelm.) Lemmon
585:
535:Tristan da Cunha
463:
462:
458:
455:
348:Guadalupe Island
292:
276:
109:
108:
88:
85:
84:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2973:Observation.org
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2720:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2553:
2517:Conifers.org –
2504:(Monterey pine)
2496:
2483:
2481:
2468:. Vol. 1.
2446:(HTML abstract)
2428:
2423:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2408:srs.fs.usda.gov
2402:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2275:Wayback Machine
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2007:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1881:on 24 June 2015
1873:
1872:
1868:
1857:"Pinus radiata"
1855:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1812:on 10 June 2010
1809:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1707:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1687:on 17 July 2006
1679:
1678:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1594:
1590:
1574:
1568:
1559:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1500:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1474:"Pinus radiata"
1470:
1463:
1456:
1442:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1316:on 26 June 2015
1313:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1253:In California,
1160:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1117:
1106:
1082:
1062:
1019:
996:wilding conifer
980:
961:
926:New South Wales
907:South Australia
891:
886:
835:
833:Baja California
791:
786:
734:Eriogonum molle
719:Malosma laurina
672:Piperia yadonii
659:Monterey County
620:
558:. Some authors
556:Baja California
548:
543:
531:introduced tree
512:San Luis Obispo
500:
460:
456:
453:
451:
410:
379:qualities. Its
283:
278:
272:
259:
256:P. radiata
103:
95:
86:
82:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:wfo-0000481837
3116:
3103:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3054:
3041:
3028:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2946:
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2692:
2679:
2666:
2653:
2640:
2630:
2617:
2604:
2594:
2579:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2495:
2494:External links
2492:
2491:
2490:
2447:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2395:
2381:
2359:
2333:
2309:
2307:, nzwood.co.nz
2305:"Radiata pine"
2297:
2279:
2268:"Radiata pine"
2260:
2234:
2209:
2184:
2172:
2146:
2120:
2094:
2068:
2057:on 22 May 2010
2036:
2027:"Radiata pine"
2018:
2004:on 26 May 2010
1985:
1954:
1937:
1918:
1901:"Radiata Pine"
1892:
1866:
1848:
1823:
1790:
1769:
1735:
1716:
1698:
1672:
1653:
1634:
1603:
1588:
1557:
1537:
1524:
1491:
1461:
1455:978-1365157172
1454:
1427:
1410:
1384:
1377:
1352:
1345:
1327:
1299:BSBI List 2007
1289:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1162:
1161:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1081:
1078:
1061:
1060:United Kingdom
1058:
1047:Canary Islands
1043:Basque Country
1018:
1015:
979:
976:
960:
957:
890:
887:
885:
882:
834:
831:
823:Diplodia pinea
790:
789:Fungal disease
787:
785:
782:
619:
616:
615:
614:
593:
547:
544:
542:
539:
499:
496:
409:
406:
361:in the family
334:native to the
316:Pinus insignis
302:
301:
294:
293:
285:
284:
279:
268:
267:
261:
260:
253:
251:
247:
246:
235:
231:
230:
219:
215:
214:
203:
199:
198:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
97:
96:
80:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Monterey pine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3220:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3011:pinus-radiata
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2942:Pinus~radiata
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:Pinus radiata
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:Pinus_radiata
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2626:pinus-radiata
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2589:Pinus radiata
2584:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2559:Pinus radiata
2556:
2552:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2534:Pinus radiata
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:Pinus radiata
2523:
2521:
2520:
2519:Pinus radiata
2515:
2513:
2512:
2511:Pinus radiata
2507:
2505:
2503:
2502:Pinus radiata
2498:
2497:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2454:Pinus radiata
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2196:
2195:Pinus radiata
2188:
2181:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:Pinus radiata
1391:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1172:Pinus radiata
1168:
1158:
1155:
1147:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1121:This section
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1080:United States
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:The cultivar
1057:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:Pinus radiata
975:
973:
972:Pinus radiata
969:
965:
956:
954:
950:
949:Prospect Hill
946:
942:
938:
937:Kuitpo Forest
933:
927:
923:
919:
914:
908:
904:
900:
899:Kuitpo Forest
895:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
843:
842:Pinus radiata
839:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
781:
777:
775:
771:
767:
766:Pacific Grove
763:
758:
756:
755:
750:
749:
744:
740:
736:
735:
730:
729:
726:
721:
720:
715:
710:
706:
702:
701:Cedros Island
697:
695:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
645:
643:
639:
632:
628:
627:Pinus radiata
624:
612:
605:
604:
599:
598:
597:Pinus radiata
594:
591:
584:
583:
578:
577:
576:Pinus radiata
573:
572:
571:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
538:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
495:
493:
487:
485:
484:knobcone pine
481:
476:
474:
469:
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352:Cedros island
349:
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341:
337:
336:Central Coast
333:
329:
325:
324:insignis pine
321:
320:Monterey pine
317:
314:
310:
309:
308:Pinus radiata
300:
299:Pinus radiata
295:
291:
286:
282:
277:
275:
274:Pinus radiata
269:
266:
265:Binomial name
262:
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30:
19:
18:Monterey Pine
2558:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2484:14 September
2482:. Retrieved
2465:
2460:
2453:
2435:
2432:
2426:Bibliography
2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2384:
2376:the original
2371:
2362:
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2325:the original
2312:
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2002:the original
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1975:
1971:
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1921:
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1879:the original
1869:
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1826:
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1807:the original
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1621:the original
1614:
1606:
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1141:
1130:Please help
1125:verification
1122:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1051:
1020:
1004:
1000:wilding pine
983:
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724:
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705:desert scrub
698:
691:
684:
681:Pebble Beach
670:
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636:
633:, California
626:
610:
602:
601:
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581:
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568:
564:infraspecies
549:
546:Subdivisions
528:
516:
501:
488:
477:
472:
470:
443:
428:
427:
416:Ovulate cone
399:
387:
385:
381:silviculture
368:
367:
354:). It is an
328:radiata pine
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
306:
305:
298:
273:
271:
255:
254:
242:
238:
234:Subsection:
226:
222:
210:
206:
194:
144:Gymnospermae
137:
124:
29:
3024:kew-2562495
2898:NatureServe
2810:iNaturalist
2583:Wikispecies
2413:24 November
2372:dbh.govt.nz
2352:26 February
2253:14 November
2159:Papers Past
2133:Papers Past
2107:Papers Past
2081:Papers Past
2008:7 September
1691:8 September
1231:Des Townson
1193:Pseudotsuga
1189:Douglas fir
978:New Zealand
884:Cultivation
861:feral goats
799:extirpation
631:Point Lobos
603:cedrosensis
520:feral goats
480:bishop pine
408:Description
91:NatureServe
3142:Categories
3019:Plant List
2838:30020085-2
2633:Calflora:
2541:(EUFORGEN)
2248:Bay Nature
2061:19 October
1669:: 115–131.
1627:14 January
1320:17 October
1261:References
1255:P. radiata
1248:P. radiata
1239:P. radiata
1219:P. radiata
1199:P. radiata
1180:P. radiata
1178:As timber
1144:April 2021
1094:P. radiata
1090:P. radiata
1085:P. radiata
1066:P. radiata
1053:P. radiata
1027:coal mines
994:(termed a
964:P. radiata
932:P. radiata
874:P. radiata
827:P. radiata
825:) infects
813:P. radiata
805:caused by
762:P. radiata
760:A remnant
685:P. radiata
649:P. radiata
642:serotinous
638:P. radiata
629:forest in
570:toppling.
504:Santa Cruz
433:coniferous
429:P. radiata
388:P. radiata
369:P. radiata
340:California
202:Subgenus:
150:Division:
66:Endangered
2763:233500951
2745:FloraBase
1711:Wild Hope
1039:Cantabria
1007:Southland
889:Australia
880:variety.
764:stand in
743:succulent
728:stellatus
714:chaparral
689:mistletoe
552:varieties
436:evergreen
396:temperate
386:Although
356:evergreen
250:Species:
243:Australes
241:subsect.
227:Trifoliae
218:Section:
164:Pinopsida
154:Pinophyta
114:Kingdom:
3107:VicFlora
3089:24900210
3084:Tropicos
2937:NSWFlora
2903:2.147411
2851:10857999
2683:eFloraSA
2568:Wikidata
2476:(USFS),
2461:Conifers
2271:Archived
2227:25 April
2202:30 April
1885:1 August
1816:17 March
1756:Archived
1746:Diplodia
1237:, using
1035:Asturias
953:Pemulwuy
903:Adelaide
739:condense
725:Diplacus
541:Taxonomy
508:Monterey
394:in many
363:Pinaceae
184:Pinaceae
180:Family:
71:IUCN 3.1
2789:5285727
2701:1061749
2670:Ecocrop
2574:Q748888
1911:8 April
1762:5 March
1531:21 July
1031:Galicia
1021:In the
795:radiata
748:Dudleya
618:Ecology
473:radiata
459:⁄
359:conifer
318:), the
190:Genus:
174:Pinales
170:Order:
160:Class:
118:Plantae
89: (
69: (
3099:468906
3096:uBio:
3076:3475-7
3032:PLANTS
2991:568644
2978:140750
2949:NZOR:
2877:183372
2737:pinrad
2734:FEIS:
2727:150616
2621:ARKive
2600:131132
2597:APDB:
2480:(USDA)
2031:Te Ara
1585:: 131.
1522:
1452:
1375:
1343:
1098:Oregon
1041:, the
922:Sydney
878:binata
865:binata
853:binata
846:binata
803:canker
768:, the
677:orchid
582:binata
510:, and
444:binata
440:leaves
373:lumber
344:Mexico
225:sect.
209:subg.
3158:Pinus
3071:SANBI
3063:13128
3037:PIRA2
3008:PPE:
2998:PFI:
2960:NZPCN
2890:42408
2864:41699
2846:IRMNG
2822:IPA:
2815:53421
2802:28536
2771:FoAO2
2722:EUNIS
2714:PIURA
2649:4J2FP
2613:71193
2328:(PDF)
2321:(PDF)
2221:(PDF)
2165:5 May
2139:5 May
2113:5 May
2087:5 May
2055:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1968:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1843:(PDF)
1836:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1575:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1314:(xls)
1303:(xls)
1017:Spain
959:Chile
920:near
901:near
844:var.
709:zones
600:var.
579:var.
492:lifts
448:cones
431:is a
281:D.Don
211:Pinus
195:Pinus
138:Clade
125:Clade
3045:POWO
3001:8286
2965:3089
2929:3347
2924:NCBI
2885:IUCN
2872:ITIS
2833:IPNI
2825:3228
2797:GRIN
2784:GBIF
2709:EPPO
2675:1705
2662:1378
2657:CNPS
2636:6523
2608:APNI
2486:2013
2415:2020
2354:2012
2255:2020
2229:2018
2204:2018
2167:2017
2141:2017
2115:2017
2089:2017
2063:2010
2010:2010
1913:2015
1887:2015
1818:2012
1764:2015
1730:help
1693:2006
1629:2011
1551:help
1533:2022
1520:ISBN
1486:2023
1450:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1322:2014
1104:Uses
863:ate
560:lump
550:Two
482:and
466:bark
377:pulp
375:and
350:and
346:(on
342:and
332:pine
313:syn.
3120:WFO
3058:RHS
2911:NBN
2859:ISC
2758:FNA
2696:EoL
2644:CoL
2440:doi
1976:180
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