400:
303:
31:
492:. Under interrogation and torture, Jacob gave away the names of forty-four resistance fighters and a hundred Danish families working with them. Wichfeld was one of them. Despite having received rumours that the Gestapo had evidence against her and would be coming to arrest her, Wichfield refused to leave Engestofte saying "I have joined the struggle for Denmark. I am willing to pay the price." In January 1944, she was arrested at Engestofte and imprisoned in Copenhagen's
448:). Wichfeld began to drum up funds to feed the production and distribution of the papers, and to fund the underground activities of the Communist Party. Later that year, in a new partnership with Erik Kiersgaard, a member of the resistance who had organized a sabotage unit, Wichfeld began to store firearms, ammunition and explosives at Engestofte to support their cause.
508:
There was outrage across the country at her sentence, as capital punishment for women had long since been considered barbaric in
Denmark. The sentence was later converted into a life sentence, and because there was no penal servitude for women in Denmark, she was transferred with other women captured
496:
prison where she was subjected to daily interrogation for four months. The resistance did mount a rescue plan that involved bribing a
Gestapo agent to help facilitate her escape with a staged ambush, but the agent bungled the plan by getting drunk and having himself revealed. The Gestapo staged the
475:
shipyard), as well as being a receiving ground for
British paratroopers and weapons drops. When the resistance gained momentum and the Nazis sent in forces to quell it, Wichfeld was instrumental in facilitating the escape of Danish patriots fleeing the country, including Himar Wulff and his wife.
419:
ordered
British citizens to leave the country in 1941. She returned to Engestofte in Denmark, and began to actively seek out supporters of the Danish resistance. In the summer of 1942 she rented a cottage at Engestofte to journalist Hilmar Wulff and his new wife, teacher Karen Inga Petersen along
504:
and two others, she was sentenced to death but was told she could beg clemency to have it commuted to a life sentence. She asked the court if the same offer extended to the other defendants, and when it was not, turned it down flatly, and then sat down and casually powdered her nose.
467:(SOE), and would eventually become her son-in-law. Wichfeld made her estate available to Muus to house the top-secret SOE agent Jens Jacob Jensen, codenamed "Jacob" and shelter him. Eventually she and Jacob grew to lead the
355:
von
Reventlow continued for nine years. Jørgen Wichfield was aware of the relationship and unconcerned with it, naming Reventlow as daughter Varinka's godfather. When the relationship ended, Reventlow went on to marry
497:
transfer of an agent disguised as
Wichfeld to try and capture the resistance ambush team that included her daughter Varinka and Flemming Muus, but the team recognized the agent as a decoy and did not attack.
476:
During this time, she also challenged the Danish resistance, who was reticent to facilitate safe passage for Jewish families, and personally began to harbour a Jewish family being sought by the
669:
471:
resistance and
Engestofte became central to the recruitment, training, arming, planning, direction and organization of the actions of the resistance (such as the bombing of the
387:
came to Europe, the family fell further in decline, and
Wichfeld took matters into her own hands. She moved alone to Paris to develop a line of beauty products, including a
455:
Carl-Adam "Bobby" Moltke, the son of a former Danish
Foreign Affairs minister and deeply connected member of the political underground of Copenhagen, Wichfeld met
363:
The 1920s Danish tax reforms created a decline in the family's financial status, and the
Wichfelds moved to Campo dei Fiori, a house owned by Wichfeld's mother in
391:-based essence, a fingernail protectant called No-Crax, as well as a profitable line of costume jewellery which reinvigorated the family's financial standing.
670:
https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/people/ulster-history-circle-blue-plaque-unveiled-in-derrylin-fermanagh-honour-of-ww2-heroine-monica-de-wichfeld-4406688
1163:
488:
In late 1942 telephone transmissions between Jacob and other resistance members were intercepted by Gestapo wiretaps and led to the arrest of Jacob in
1153:
614:
581:
313:
On 15 June 1916, she married Danish aristocrat and diplomat Jørgen Adalbert Wichfeld (16 August 1885 - 30 July 1966), the Secretary of the Danish
1178:
793:
1077:
279:
521:. She died there of pneumonia on 27 February 1945 after a long bout of tuberculosis, one month before the end of the Second World War.
290:
and was killed in action in 1918 at the age of 21. After this event, Wichfeld was reported to have harboured a personal hatred of the
1158:
1143:
1148:
1168:
1080:[Pergola with memorial plaques - the memorial wall] (in Danish). Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs. Archived from
1041:] (in Danish). Prefaced by Elias Bredsdorff. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Arnold Busck (published 1946). 101 pages.
692:
239:
126:
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371:. Wichfeld travelled widely in Europe during this time and socialized with many notable people of the era, including
337:(1922) and Viggo (1924). During this time, she became the friend and lover of Kurt Heinrich Eberhard Erdmann Georg,
615:
https://www.impartialreporter.com/news/17229116.celebrity-lifestyle-heroic-life-story-started-fermanagh/?ref=wa
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191:
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In May 1944, Wichfeld stood trial with ten other defendants in the resistance. Together with
334:
283:
275:
131:
1138:
1133:
384:
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8:
762:
246:
231:
1102:
1054:
WOMEN HEROES OF WORLD WAR II: 26 Stories of Espionage, Sabotage, Resistance, and Rescue
787:
238:
Alice Elizabeth Mulholland (1869-1948), a daughter of the prominent Ulster businessman
234:
descent, her father being John George Massy-Beresford (1856-1923) and her mother being
227:
693:
https://fermanaghherald.com/2023/11/wwii-resistance-leader-to-be-honoured-in-derrylin/
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765:(IWM): Lives of the First World War - We Remember Tristram Hugh Massy-Beresford.
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368:
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85:
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403:
Engestofte Estate with the private Wichfeld family burial plot in the foreground
510:
357:
261:, and participated in the illegal distribution of firearms associated with the
235:
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in November 2023, close to her childhood home, St. Hubert's, on the shores of
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30:
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183:
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333:, where she became a Danish citizen and had three children: Ivan (1919),
219:
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55:
851:(107 ed.). Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage. p. 2642.
708:
https://www.townlands.ie/fermanagh/knockninny/kinawley/crum/geaglum/
582:"Woman who grew up in Fermanagh was active in the Danish Resistance"
659:
545:
314:
199:
195:
607:'Celebrity lifestyle and heroic life story started in Fermanagh' (
489:
514:
477:
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364:
330:
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291:
258:
203:
163:
63:
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347:) von Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow, who lived in neighbouring
322:
211:
150:; 12 July 1894 – 27 February 1945) was a leading member of the
59:
533:
indicating that the whereabouts of her remains are unknown.
452:
344:
167:
544:
in her memory at Kinawley and Holy Trinity Parish Church in
767:
https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/313894
641:
https://www.dib.ie/biography/de-wichfeld-monica-emily-a2481
339:
1002:
Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich
977:
Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich
949:
Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich
899:
Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich
869:
Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich
735:"Herstory II: Profiles of eight more ulster-scotts women"
662:, Fermanagh, honour of WW2 heroine Monica de Wichfeld' (
166:
to receive a capital sentence for resistance against the
1103:"Blue plaque honour for Fermanagh World War Two heroine"
428:
and Wulff was the editor of two underground newspapers
685:'WWII resistance leader to be honoured in Derrylin' (
517:POW camp in Germany, and eventually transferred to
214:. St. Hubert's was on the western shores of Upper
190:in London and was raised at St. Hubert's, a large
170:, but argued for its commutation to imprisonment.
723:https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/st-huberts
483:
317:to London. Wichfeld and her husband moved to his
218:, being only a short distance (by boat) north of
1125:
706:Townlands.ie: Geaglum Townland, Co. Fermanagh.
650:
648:
1056:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 272.
826:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 151.
282:John Clarina Massy-Beresford, served with the
1023:
1021:
395:Danish Resistance during the Second World War
1070:
807:Sutherland, Christine (September 26, 1991).
645:
443:
433:
411:, Wichfeld's family was forced to leave the
849:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage
702:
700:
603:
601:
599:
529:Wichfeld is listed on the memorial wall in
1027:
1018:
806:
792:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
271:operation in April 1914, which was led by
222:. She was born into a wealthy land-owning
29:
1164:Female resistance members of World War II
1154:Danish people who died in prison custody
809:MONICA: Heroine of the Danish Resistance
697:
681:
679:
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596:
398:
301:
1004:. McFarland & Company. p. 72.
979:. McFarland & Company. p. 74.
951:. McFarland & Company. p. 62.
901:. McFarland & Company. p. 58.
846:
777:
717:
715:
115:John George Beresford Massy-Beresford,
1179:Prisoners who died in German detention
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1078:"Pergola med mindetavler - Mindemuren"
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198:of Geaglum, very near the villages of
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306:Portrait of Monica Wichfeld in the
249:(1896-1987) She was involved in the
13:
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885:
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721:Parks & Gardens: St Hubert's.
619:
14:
1190:
1159:Deaths from pneumonia in Germany
1144:Danish female resistance members
524:
424:. All three were members of the
278:. Wichfeld's favourite brother,
117:Hon. Alice Elizabeth, Mulholland
1149:Danish people imprisoned abroad
1095:
1045:
993:
940:
915:
840:
815:
800:
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742:Ulster Scotts Community Network
459:, a man that had trained under
1000:Vargo, Mark E. (Dec 5, 2012).
975:Vargo, Mark E. (Dec 5, 2012).
947:Vargo, Mark E. (Dec 5, 2012).
897:Vargo, Mark E. (Dec 5, 2012).
867:Vargo, Mark E. (Dec 5, 2012).
756:
727:
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484:Arrest, imprisonment and death
1:
639:: de Wichfeld, Monica Emily.
567:
173:
162:. She was the first woman in
1169:20th-century Danish nobility
1052:Atwood, Katherine J (2011).
824:Women Heroes of World War II
465:Special Operations Executive
156:German occupation of Denmark
42:Monica Emily Massy-Beresford
7:
871:. McFarland & Company.
822:Atwood, Kathryn J. (2011).
555:
297:
10:
1195:
584:. News Letter. 1 July 2019
562:Danish resistance movement
509:as part of the resistance
407:After the outbreak of the
308:National Museum of Denmark
927:Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
847:Moseley, Charles (2003).
130:Children: Ivan Wichfeld,
121:
111:
100:
74:
37:
28:
21:
16:Danish resistance fighter
1039:Prison Diary and Letters
351:. The relationship with
1034:Fængselsdagbog og breve
929:(in Danish). 2014-05-23
923:"Hilmar Wulff | lex.dk"
654:'Ulster History Circle
778:Rodgers, Mary (1967).
610:The Impartial Reporter
531:Ryvangen Memorial Park
444:
434:
426:Danish Communist Party
404:
310:
251:Ulster Volunteer Force
240:the 1st Baron Dunleath
127:The 1st Baron Dunleath
668:, 12 November 2023).
613:, 28 November 2018).
538:Ulster History Circle
402:
305:
284:Royal Field Artillery
210:in the south-west of
178:Wichfeld was born to
141:Monica Emily Wichfeld
132:Varinka Wichfeld Muus
691:, 9 November 2023).
420:with dissident poet
385:The Great Depression
377:Clementine Churchill
134:, and Viggo Wichfeld
107:, resistance fighter
763:Imperial War Museum
247:Tim Massy-Beresford
811:. Canongate Press.
405:
311:
242:. Her brother was
206:, in the south of
1029:Quistgaard, Georg
461:Winston Churchill
422:Halfdan Rasmussen
381:Tallulah Bankhead
325:on the island of
286:(RFA) during the
269:Larne gun-running
253:(UVF) during the
224:Church of Ireland
152:Danish resistance
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550:Upper Lough Erne
502:Georg Quistgaard
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413:Kingdom of Italy
409:Second World War
349:Hardenberg Manor
255:Home Rule Crisis
226:family of mixed
208:County Fermanagh
160:Second World War
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78:27 February 1945
68:County Fermanagh
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148:Massy-Beresford
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86:Waldheim Prison
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1084:on 2014-12-09
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125:Grandfather:
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101:Occupation(s)
99:
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1111:. Retrieved
1109:. 2023-11-11
1106:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1072:
1053:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1001:
995:
976:
948:
942:
931:. Retrieved
926:
917:
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868:
848:
842:
823:
817:
808:
802:
779:
773:
758:
746:. Retrieved
741:
729:
686:
663:
658:unveiled in
634:
608:
588:18 September
586:. Retrieved
576:
535:
528:
507:
499:
487:
450:
445:Land og Folk
439:
435:Frit Denmark
430:Free Denmark
429:
406:
389:Coco Channel
362:
352:
338:
321:Estate near
312:
265:Clyde Valley
264:
232:Ulster Scots
184:Eaton Square
177:
147:
144:
140:
139:
105:Entrepreneur
94:Nazi Germany
80:(1945-02-27)
66:; raised in
52:12 July 1894
1139:1945 deaths
1134:1894 births
665:News Letter
656:blue plaque
542:blue plaque
540:unveiled a
373:Noël Coward
228:Anglo-Irish
220:Crom Castle
154:during the
1128:Categories
1113:2023-11-13
1088:2014-11-16
933:2023-11-13
782:. Belfast.
568:References
319:Engestofte
280:Lieutenant
216:Lough Erne
174:Early life
48:1894-07-12
788:cite book
417:Mussolini
244:Brigadier
192:Victorian
188:Belgravia
122:Relatives
112:Parent(s)
56:Belgravia
1107:BBC News
1031:(1944).
748:July 29,
660:Derrylin
556:See also
546:Derrylin
451:Through
315:Legation
298:Marriage
236:the Hon.
200:Derrylin
196:townland
90:Waldheim
515:Cottbus
478:Gestapo
469:Lolland
367:on the
365:Rapallo
335:Varinka
331:Denmark
327:Lolland
292:Germans
259:Ireland
204:Teemore
164:Denmark
158:in the
64:England
1060:
1008:
983:
955:
905:
875:
830:
636:D.I.B.
473:Naskov
438:) and
323:Maribo
212:Ulster
60:London
1037:[
738:(PDF)
490:Århus
453:Count
415:when
383:. As
353:Greve
345:Count
340:Greve
273:Major
180:Irish
168:Nazis
1058:ISBN
1006:ISBN
981:ISBN
953:ISBN
903:ISBN
873:ISBN
828:ISBN
794:link
750:2014
744:: 38
590:2019
536:The
379:and
230:and
202:and
75:Died
38:Born
513:to
463:'s
329:in
263:SS
257:in
186:in
145:née
1130::
1105:.
1020:^
967:^
925:.
887:^
857:^
790:}}
786:{{
740:.
714:^
699:^
676:^
647:^
621:^
598:^
552:.
480:.
375:,
360:.
294:.
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62:,
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1116:.
1091:.
1066:.
1014:.
989:.
961:.
936:.
911:.
881:.
836:.
796:)
752:.
592:.
442:(
432:(
343:(
143:(
50:)
46:(
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