631:, was considered pro-Western. Mohamed Khouna officially came in second place with about 19% of the vote, although he alleged fraud; he was arrested immediately after the election, accused of plotting a coup. Mohamed Khouna had also been briefly detained just prior to the vote. On December 28, 2003 he received a five-year suspended sentence and therefore was set free, but barred from politics for five years. An appeals court confirmed this sentence in April 2004. Also in April, his supporters attempted to register a political party, the Party for Democratic Convergence.
1724:
1638:
219:
577:. This led to a crisis in relations with the country's until-then ally Morocco, which had similarly annexed the remainder of Western Sahara, with Mohamed Khouna's government facing an attempted coup, troop clashes and military tension. Relations were completely severed between 1981 and 1985, when they were restored by Mohamed Khouna's successor. However, relations improved with POLISARIO's main regional backer,
685:, requesting for help to bring his son back to Mauritania or to liberate him. He denounced the conditions of imprisonment of his son, who is handicapped. On June 24, 2010, El Ghassem Ould Bellali, a Mauritanian deputy, declared that the imprisonment of Sidi Mohamed Ould Haidalla is a Moroccan "political vengeance" against his's father, for the recognition he gave to the
822:
622:
After returning to
Mauritania in late 1984, Mohamed Khouna was held in administrative detention for several years by Ould Taya, during which time he fell sick. After his release, he stayed outside politics until 2003, when he returned to head the opposition. He then unsuccessfully ran for president
670:
in August 2008, Mohamed Khouna expressed his support for the coup in a statement on August 29, 2008, saying that it was necessary under the circumstances and urging all
Mauritanians to support it. He also criticized the negative reactions of Western governments to the coup, alleging that they were
650:
scheduled for March 11, 2007. He campaigned on a nationalist-Islamist platform, citing the struggle against poverty and slavery as priorities. On
February 3, he gained the support of another registered presidential candidate, former opposition politician and prisoner under Ould Taya,
605:
law in 1980-83, as well as several failed attempts to rebuild the political system shattered by the 1978 coup—first as a multiparty system, and then, after the first coup attempt against him, as a one-party state. It was also during
Mohamed Khouna's rule that
610:
was formally and completely abolished in
Mauritania, although the practice continues at a diminished level still today. He made a statement announcing the abolition of slavery in July 1980, and this was followed by a legal decree in November 1981.
658:
However, no longer having the political base that came with being the main candidate of the opposition under Ould Taya, Mohamed Khouna was even less successful in the 2007 election, coming in tenth place and receiving 1.73% of the vote.
634:
Mohamed Khouna was arrested again on
November 3, 2004, accused of involvement in coup plots. The prosecutor sought a five-year prison sentence, but he was acquitted on February 3, 2005, at the end of a mass trial of 195 people.
488:— started by Ould Daddah in 1975 — and his regime faced a number of coups attempts and military intrigues. On March 16, 1981, a violent coup attempt against Mohamed Khouna failed. Mohamed Khouna accused
643:
Following a military coup against Taya in August 2005, an amnesty in early
September freed Mohamed Khouna from his sentences, along with more than a hundred others sentenced for political offenses.
40:
876:
840:
652:
1902:
1686:
507:
1947:
901:
1547:
1299:
1102:
614:
Political opponents were treated harshly, with imprisonments and those responsible for one of the failed coups against his government were executed.
1917:
1912:
1251:
1927:
506:
On
December 12, 1984, however, Taya ousted Mohamed Khouna in a coup while the latter was out of the country. Mohamed Khouna had been at a
1679:
393:
581:, with the Algerian government sending arms, ammunitions and supplies to bolster his regime. Mohamed Khouna's 1984 recognition of the
503:
On 8 March 1984, Mohamed Khouna took the office of prime minister again, replacing Taya, in a move to strengthen his personal power.
329:
59:
1407:
438:
1932:
1907:
1281:
1672:
1540:
647:
340:
336:
1942:
1695:
474:
102:
1844:
1556:
989:
431:
321:
55:
1922:
1804:
1794:
667:
542:
1937:
1533:
804:
1365:
1045:
686:
582:
1322:"Le conseil constitutionnel proclame les résultats du premier tour de l'élection présidentielles du 11 mars 2007"
713:
392:, Senegal, in 1961. After joining the Mauritanian army in 1962, he studied in French military colleges, notably
1783:
1771:
1594:
1517:
1500:
1490:
590:
538:
493:
173:
161:
94:
1307:
681:
On June 18, 2010, Mohamed Khouna wrote an open letter to the heads of state who have good relations with the
1829:
1507:
1480:
1453:
1099:
1050:
1839:
484:
His reign was marked by severe political turbulence, as
Mauritania extracted itself from the war with the
1334:
858:
744:
1824:
1814:
1789:
1605:
1582:
1473:
663:
470:
82:
1347:
1799:
1809:
1766:
1622:
1610:
1463:
1259:
478:
138:
1723:
1637:
1361:
1897:
1627:
1754:
1599:
1446:
1111:
523:
442:
125:
674:
In July 2007, Sidi
Mohamed Ould Haidalla (Mohamed Khouna's son) was detained in Morocco for
1892:
1300:"Nouvelle coalition de parti et Ould Cheikh Melainine se retire en faveur de Ould Haidalla"
1237:
1219:
1201:
1183:
1165:
1147:
1068:
519:
1100:"Mauritania: Fear of ill-treatment or torture / Incommunicado detention / Medical concern"
1019:
8:
1834:
971:
952:
933:
863:
791:
749:
666:, Mohamed Khouna announced his support for Abdallahi in October 2007. However, following
586:
1616:
1419:
966:
928:
1849:
1819:
1748:
1738:
1713:
1576:
1571:
897:
690:
675:
570:
565:
in 1975. The CMSN opted for complete withdrawal from the conflict, evacuating southern
462:
458:
434:
408:
400:
293:
276:
206:
1285:
453:
Mohamed Khouna became prime minister on 31 May 1979, a few days after the death in an
1854:
1282:"Ch'Bih Ould Cheikh Melainine retire sa candidature à la présidentielle de mars 2007"
1232:
1214:
1196:
1178:
1160:
1142:
1063:
415:
1389:(in French). Carrefour de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (CRIDEM). 2010-06-18
1321:
427:
39:
1179:"Opposition leader stripped of political rights as putchists prepare to face trial"
913:
248:
1386:
526:. Mohamed Khouna returned to Mauritania anyway and was arrested at the airport in
1411:
1129:
1106:
1086:
827:
682:
601:
On the domestic front, his most notable policies were the institution of Islamic
558:
485:
412:
306:
1664:
1284:(in French). Agence Mauritanienne d'Information. 3 February 2007. Archived from
1124:
1081:
997:
496:
was appointed prime minister. Another attempted coup was allegedly sponsored by
381:
1525:
1408:"Diputado considera "venganza" encarcelamiento en Marruecos hijo ex presidente"
881:
845:
809:
646:
On December 27, 2006, Mohamed Khouna announced that he would be a candidate in
562:
554:
465:
and the CRMN. On 4 January 1980 he seized power from Ould Salek's successor as
404:
352:
198:
589:) as a sovereign nation appears to have been one of the triggering causes for
1886:
1215:"Mauritania: Three opposition leaders arrested in connection with coup plots"
947:
786:
466:
461:, with whom he had seized power for the CMSN just a month earlier, from Col.
566:
1304:
Convergence Républicaine pour l'Instauration de la Democratie en Mauritanie
423:
1348:"L'ancien président Ould Haidalla défend le nouveau pouvoir en Mauritanie"
561:, which had been fighting Mauritania since it annexed part of the former
515:
364:
1233:"Mauritania: Coup plotters get life in prison but escape death sentence"
194:
1699:
1560:
527:
356:
325:
233:
223:
218:
202:
627:
platform, whereas Taya, who had established full diplomatic ties with
492:
of being behind the coup, which Morocco denied, and in the next month
419:
1046:"Mauritanian ruler from the 1980s enters post-coup presidential race"
898:"Former Mauritanian President Ould Haidalla seeks new term in office"
765:
534:
426:. In 1978, with the country in severe disorder, he participated in a
678:
charges. In 2008 he was judged and condemned to 7 years in prison.
694:
624:
574:
454:
360:
1335:"Former Mauritanian leader pledges support for current president"
607:
578:
511:
489:
385:
377:
299:
266:
1324:(in French). Agence Mauritanienne d'Information. 15 March 2007.
628:
602:
445:, he was promoted to the post of Chief of the General Staff.
399:
After 1975, he commanded forces in the north of Mauritania and
373:
1362:"La Cour d'appel condamne les accusés à des peines de prison"
1197:"Mauritania: Haidalla supporters create new opposition party"
573:) and recognizing the POLISARIO as the representative of the
553:
Mohamed Khouna's main achievement was to make peace with the
497:
389:
369:
317:
289:
1415:
967:
Mauritania: Relations with Other States of the Maghrib
623:
against Taya in November, campaigning on a moderately
351:
Born in 1940 in the Nouadhibou region (either in then-
1064:"MAURITANIA: Ould Haidallah trial to begin on Monday"
823:"Mauritanian Coup Attempt Fails After Bloody Clashes"
346:
332:, CMSN) from 4 January 1980 to 12 December 1984.
841:"Career Soldier Takes Over As Premier of Mauritania"
16:
Former head of state of Mauritania from 1980 to 1984
740:
738:
736:
734:
1350:(in French). African Press Agency. 29 August 2008.
1118:
1075:
714:"MAURITANIA COUP OUSTS PRESIDENT (Published 1984)"
530:; he was eventually released in December 1988.
1694:
893:
891:
805:"Mauritanian Group Says It Killed Libyan in Rome"
1884:
1555:
877:"Mauritania's President Arrested by Coup Leader"
731:
617:
924:
922:
1252:"Political exiles flocking back to Mauritania"
1143:"Peaceful election, but opposition cries foul"
983:
981:
888:
477:until December of that year, when a civilian,
1948:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1680:
1541:
1161:"Haidalla walks free with suspended sentence"
1012:
870:
852:
834:
798:
1903:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
1306:(in French). 3 February 2007. Archived from
919:
816:
473:. He continued to also hold the position of
978:
960:
457:crash of the previous prime minister, Col.
368:tribe, he passed to secondary education in
1687:
1673:
1548:
1534:
72:4 January 1980 – 12 December 1984
1337:, African Press Agency, October 25, 2007.
1041:
1039:
1037:
697:, when he was president of Mauritania.
330:Military Committee for National Salvation
60:Military Committee for National Salvation
1022:. Amnesty International. 7 November 2002
1020:"Mauritania: A future free from slavery"
929:"Mauritania: Regional Security Concerns"
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
761:
759:
518:, during his return to Mauritania, from
335:He was an unsuccessful candidate in the
151:8 March 1984 – 12 December 1984
115:31 May 1979 – 12 December 1980
1885:
1034:
859:"Mauritania: Political Disintegration"
638:
1668:
1529:
1387:"Appel pour des raisons humanitaires"
1057:
771:
756:
671:interfering in Mauritanian affairs.
662:After the election, which was won by
1918:20th-century Mauritanian politicians
1913:21st-century Mauritanian politicians
745:"Mauritania: Consolidation of Power"
1928:Mauritanian prisoners and detainees
1258:. 12 September 2005. Archived from
987:
914:"Mauritania: The Polisario Problem"
310:
13:
1125:"Charges for Mauritania candidate"
596:
448:
347:Family background and early career
14:
1959:
1082:"Top Mauritanian politician held"
787:"Mauritania: The Haidalla Regime"
548:
537:, but his rule was considered as
1722:
1636:
655:, who dropped out of the race.
583:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
481:, was appointed to the post.
217:
38:
1400:
1379:
1354:
1340:
1328:
1314:
1292:
1274:
1244:
1226:
1208:
1190:
1172:
1154:
1136:
1093:
941:
907:
1933:Leaders who took power by coup
1908:Mauritanian military personnel
1870:
1652:
706:
668:the coup that ousted Abdallahi
1:
1744:office abolished, 1961 – 1979
1418:). 2010-06-24. Archived from
766:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah
700:
618:Activities after losing power
541:by many; he was deposed by a
314:Muḥammad Khouna Wald Haidalla
1943:Heads of state of Mauritania
1508:Prime Minister of Mauritania
1454:Prime Minister of Mauritania
1051:International Herald Tribune
303:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
103:Prime Minister of Mauritania
23:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
7:
1518:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
1501:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
1491:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
691:right of self-determination
653:Chbih Ould Cheikh Melainine
591:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
569:(which had been annexed as
514:and learned of the coup in
494:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
430:that overthrew Mauritanian
192:1940 (age 83–84)
174:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
162:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
95:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
10:
1964:
1474:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
664:Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
471:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
341:2007 presidential election
337:2003 presidential election
288:In this Mauritanian name,
287:
83:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
1923:Mauritanian Sunni Muslims
1863:
1731:
1720:
1706:
1645:
1634:
1567:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1487:
1478:
1470:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1438:
648:the presidential election
533:Taya promised to install
282:
272:
262:
254:
244:
239:
229:
212:
188:
183:
179:
167:
155:
144:
132:
119:
108:
100:
88:
76:
65:
53:
49:
37:
28:
21:
1938:Leaders ousted by a coup
359:), into a family of the
44:Colonel Haidalla in 1983
29:
1481:President of Mauritania
1464:Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara
593:'s coup in late 1984.
585:(SADR, the POLISARIO's
522:, the president of the
479:Sid'Ahmed Ould Bneijara
139:Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara
990:"Mauritania / History"
1447:Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi
1310:on 28 September 2007.
1112:Amnesty International
948:"Mauritania: Morocco"
813:, September 23, 1984.
524:Republic of the Congo
508:Franco-African Summit
437:. As a member of the
255:Years of service
126:Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi
1169:, December 29, 2003.
1133:, November 10, 2003.
1054:, December 28, 2006.
1000:on 29 September 2018
994:LookLex Encyclopedia
902:African Press Agency
885:, December 14, 1984.
520:Denis Sassou Nguesso
311:محمد خونا ولد هيداله
31:محمد خونا ولد هيداله
1241:, February 3, 2005.
1223:, November 4, 2004.
1151:, November 7, 2003.
1090:, November 9, 2003.
1072:, 27 November 2003.
972:Library of Congress
953:Library of Congress
934:Library of Congress
864:Library of Congress
792:Library of Congress
750:Library of Congress
639:After the 2005 coup
587:government-in-exile
435:Mokhtar Ould Daddah
372:near the border to
1439:Political offices
1262:on 20 October 2006
1256:Middle East Online
1115:, 14 November 2003
1105:2006-11-28 at the
718:The New York Times
545:in August 2005.
463:Mustafa Ould Salek
459:Ahmed Ould Bouceif
294:patronymic surname
277:Western Sahara War
207:French West Africa
1880:
1879:
1662:
1661:
1524:
1523:
1515:Succeeded by
1488:Succeeded by
1461:Succeeded by
1288:on 27 March 2007.
1187:, April 22, 2004.
849:, April 27, 1981.
831:, March 17, 1981.
571:Tiris El Gharbiya
418:, notably in the
401:Tiris al-Gharbiya
328:(Chairman of the
286:
285:
1955:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1726:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1640:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1498:Preceded by
1471:Preceded by
1444:Preceded by
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1248:
1242:
1230:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1205:, April 7, 2004.
1194:
1188:
1176:
1170:
1158:
1152:
1140:
1134:
1122:
1116:
1097:
1091:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
996:. Archived from
985:
976:
964:
958:
945:
939:
926:
917:
911:
905:
904:, March 7, 2007.
895:
886:
874:
868:
856:
850:
838:
832:
820:
814:
802:
796:
784:
769:
763:
754:
742:
729:
728:
726:
725:
710:
676:drug trafficking
312:
249:Mauritanian Army
240:Military service
222:
221:
184:Personal details
170:
158:
149:
135:
122:
113:
91:
79:
70:
42:
32:
19:
18:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1727:
1718:
1702:
1696:Prime ministers
1693:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1563:
1554:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1466:
1457:
1449:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1231:
1227:
1213:
1209:
1195:
1191:
1177:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1130:BBC News Online
1123:
1119:
1107:Wayback Machine
1098:
1094:
1087:BBC News Online
1080:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1044:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
988:Kjeilen, Tore.
986:
979:
974:Country Studies
965:
961:
955:Country Studies
946:
942:
936:Country Studies
927:
920:
912:
908:
896:
889:
875:
871:
866:Country Studies
857:
853:
839:
835:
828:Washington Post
821:
817:
803:
799:
794:Country Studies
785:
772:
764:
757:
752:Country Studies
743:
732:
723:
721:
712:
711:
707:
703:
683:king of Morocco
641:
620:
599:
597:Domestic policy
559:Polisario Front
551:
486:Polisario Front
451:
449:As head of CMSN
413:Polisario Front
349:
297:
216:
193:
168:
156:
150:
145:
133:
120:
114:
109:
89:
77:
71:
66:
45:
33:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1878:
1877:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1557:Heads of state
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1410:(in Spanish).
1399:
1378:
1353:
1339:
1327:
1313:
1291:
1273:
1243:
1225:
1207:
1189:
1171:
1153:
1135:
1117:
1092:
1074:
1056:
1033:
1011:
977:
959:
940:
918:
906:
887:
882:New York Times
869:
851:
846:New York Times
833:
815:
810:New York Times
797:
770:
755:
730:
704:
702:
699:
695:Sahrawi people
640:
637:
619:
616:
598:
595:
575:Sahrawi people
563:Spanish colony
555:Western Sahara
550:
549:Foreign policy
547:
475:prime minister
450:
447:
405:Western Sahara
380:. He earned a
376:-administered
353:Spanish Sahara
348:
345:
292:Haidalla is a
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
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245:Branch/service
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1420:the original
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1391:. Retrieved
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1368:. 2008-10-17
1356:
1342:
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1308:the original
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1024:. Retrieved
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998:the original
993:
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880:
872:
862:
854:
844:
836:
826:
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768:, Rulers.org
748:
722:. Retrieved
720:. 1984-12-13
717:
708:
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621:
613:
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424:Bir Moghrein
398:
382:baccalaureat
363:
355:or colonial
350:
334:
313:
302:
298:
273:Battles/wars
169:Succeeded by
146:
134:Succeeded by
110:
90:Succeeded by
67:
1893:1940 births
1732:Independent
1026:27 February
1004:27 February
916:, Arab.net.
689:and to the
516:Brazzaville
428:coup d'état
422:region and
365:Laaroussien
224:Mauritanian
213:Nationality
157:Preceded by
121:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
1887:Categories
1700:Mauritania
1623:Abdel Aziz
1611:Abdel Aziz
1561:Mauritania
1485:1980–1984
1458:1979–1980
1426:2010-05-08
1393:2010-05-08
1372:2010-05-08
724:2024-01-31
701:References
567:Rio de Oro
528:Nouakchott
416:guerrillas
407:), in the
357:Mauritania
326:Mauritania
320:) was the
234:Nouakchott
203:Nouadhibou
1628:Ghazouani
1606:Abdallahi
535:democracy
441:military
432:President
394:Saint-Cyr
258:1962–1984
230:Residence
147:In office
111:In office
68:In office
1874:military
1835:Hamedine
1815:Boubacar
1810:M'Bareck
1790:Boubacar
1778:Haidalla
1767:Bneijara
1761:Haidalla
1707:Colonial
1656:military
1589:Haidalla
1366:Le Matin
1266:21 April
1103:Archived
625:Islamist
455:airplane
420:Zouerate
411:against
339:and the
195:La Güera
128:(Acting)
56:Chairman
1830:Laghdaf
1820:Zeidane
1749:Bouceif
879:, UPI,
693:of the
608:slavery
579:Algeria
557:-based
512:Burundi
490:Morocco
386:science
378:Senegal
361:Sahrawi
316:; born
267:Colonel
58:of the
1867:acting
1845:Sidiya
1840:Béchir
1825:Waghef
1805:Khouna
1795:Khouna
1739:Daddah
1714:Daddah
1649:acting
1572:Daddah
629:Israel
603:Sharia
374:French
307:Arabic
1850:Bilal
1617:Mbaré
1583:Louly
1577:Salek
1512:1984
498:Libya
443:junta
390:Dakar
370:Rosso
1855:Djay
1800:Guig
1784:Taya
1772:Taya
1755:Sidi
1600:Vall
1595:Taya
1268:2015
1238:IRIN
1220:IRIN
1202:IRIN
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1166:IRIN
1148:IRIN
1069:IRIN
1028:2022
1006:2022
687:SADR
500:.
439:CRMN
318:1940
300:Col.
290:Ould
263:Rank
189:Born
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409:war
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384:in
324:of
201:or
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