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230:, deviations from the model may be permitted in the course of final animation; this "tightness" of model is a major distinguishing factor in overall animation style, as it constitutes a tradeoff between expressiveness and smoothness/consistency. As such, the usage of models varies widely between studios and projects.
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Some model sheets are specific to particular completed or ongoing projects, whereas others are more general and inclusive of a studio's entire collection of characters. Animation studios besides Disney and fans also post model sheets on their
Internet Web sites. Larry's Toon Institute provides a
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Model sheets are drawings of posed cartoon or comic strip characters that are created to provide a reference template for several artists who collaborate in the production of a lengthy or multiple-edition work of art such as a comic book, animated film or television series. Model sheets usually
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Model sheets ensure that, despite the efforts of several or many artists, their work exhibits unity, as if one artist created the drawings (that is, they are "on model"). They show the character's structure, proportions, attire, and body language. Often, several sheets are required to depict a
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Model sheets are required when multiple artists are involved in the production of an animated film, game, or comic to help maintain continuity in characters from scene to scene. In animation, one animator may only do one shot out of the several hundred that are required to complete an animated
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Model sheets also provide notes that present specific information about how to develop particular features of the character, such as his or her head shape, hair length and style, size and position of the eyes and the mouth.
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depict the character's head and body as they appear at various angles (a process known as "model rotation"), includes sketches of the character's hands and feet, and shows several basic facial expressions.
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Although model sheets originally are intended for artists who work for the studios that own the characters for which these templates are developed, other artists, such as those who create
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Model sheets have also been used in the past to maintain graphic continuity over the years for long lasting cartoon productions of short or short features such as the
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Model sheets are not typically in the public domain, but are copyrighted material owned by the animation studio which created it.
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Drawing comics lab: characters, panels, storytelling, publishing, and professional practices
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Model sheets can also be used in the construction of costumes or sculpted figurines.
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Prepare to board!: creating story and characters for animated features and shorts
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generic model sheet for the purpose of introducing the concept of model sheets.
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Animation from pencils to pixels: classical techniques for digital animators
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Making comics: storytelling secrets of comics, manga and graphic novels
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A sample model sheet from the DVD tutorial 'Chaos&Evolutions'
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Chaudhuri, Parag; Kalra, Prem; Banerjee, Subhashis (2007).
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character's subtler emotional and physical attitudes.
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List of animated television series by episode count
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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435:"Larry's Toon Institute: Character Model Sheets"
1816:List of animated films by box office admissions
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191:Model sheets are also used for references in
303:(2007). "Backgrounds and character design".
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16:Reference document for drawing a character
305:Writing for animation, comics & games
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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195:to guide proper proportions of models.
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1789:Films with live action and animation
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
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391:View-dependent character animation
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502:. Beverly: Quarry Books. p.
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41:needs additional citations for
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281:Glossary of comics terminology
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1811:Most expensive animated films
1466:Direct manipulation animation
1117:Barrier-grid and stereography
575:. Amsterdam; Burlington, MA:
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1357:Non-photorealistic rendering
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989:International Animation Day
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226:Depending on the whim of
957:Animation film festivals
397:. pp. 3–12, 31–56.
19:Not to be confused with
1779:Twelve basic principles
1699:Instructional animation
498:Chapman, Robyn (2012).
344:Beiman, Nancy (2013) .
21:ModelSheet Software LLC
1377:Virtual cinematography
974:Highest-grossing films
876:Early TV broadcast era
459:Bancroft, Tom (2006).
255:Copyright and fair use
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1894:Animation terminology
1694:Independent animation
1684:Educational animation
307:. Amsterdam; Boston:
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1889:Animation technology
1674:Animated documentary
1506:Whiteboard animation
1399:Traditional puppetry
1043:Adult animated films
952:Biologist simulators
915:Animation department
621:at Wikimedia Commons
571:White, Tony (2006).
237:Specific annotations
50:improve this article
1747:Character animation
1527:Character animation
1065:Children's animated
276:Character animation
228:animation direction
1774:Creature animation
1704:Virtual newscaster
1649:Abstract animation
1481:Ink-wash animation
1471:Humanoid animation
1454:Audio-Animatronics
1018:Lost or unfinished
942:Animation database
920:Animation director
144:, also known as a
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1806:Cartoon violence
1794:highest grossing
1689:Erotic animation
1664:Animated cartoon
1431:Supermarionation
1404:Digital puppetry
1325:Facial animation
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437:. Awn.com. 1999
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1826:anime series
1784:Motion comic
1751:
1653:visual music
1599:Pose to pose
1574:Inbetweening
1554:Chuckimation
1531:
1496:Shadowmation
1449:Animatronics
1350:eye tracking
1330:Morph target
1282:Multi-sketch
1033:Short series
947:Art pipeline
925:Story artist
871:World War II
740:South Africa
619:Model sheets
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48:Please help
43:verification
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1752:model sheet
1609:Rubber hose
1532:model sheet
1310:Cel shading
1152:Stop motion
1137:Rotoscoping
1109:Traditional
1038:Stop-motion
984:Outsourcing
745:South Korea
725:Philippines
720:North Korea
577:Focal Press
544:. pp.
467:. pp.
352:. pp.
350:Focal Press
311:. pp.
309:Focal Press
193:3D modeling
174:video games
142:model sheet
138:visual arts
1883:Categories
1757:walk cycle
1624:Syncro-Vox
1537:walk cycle
1441:Mechanical
1367:Procedural
1267:PowerPoint
1220:Puppetoons
1215:Pixilation
1180:silhouette
1169:strata-cut
1160:Claymation
1101:Techniques
1090:Television
861:Silent Era
793:Bangladesh
788:Azerbaijan
675:Bangladesh
664:By country
590:0240806700
579:. p.
482:0823023494
441:2011-03-16
393:. London:
287:References
76:newspapers
1767:off-model
1737:Key frame
1594:Pixel art
1589:Pinscreen
1547:off-model
1491:Scanimate
1409:Machinima
1208:Brickfilm
1196:go motion
1122:Flip book
656:Animation
522:781679591
376:779740447
186:off-model
166:animation
162:character
1853:Category
1762:lip sync
1642:Variants
1629:Zoetrope
1579:Morphing
1542:lip sync
1522:Blocking
1414:Aniforms
1391:Puppetry
1372:Skeletal
1239:timeline
1230:Computer
1085:Internet
967:regional
903:Animator
896:Industry
760:Thailand
730:Portugal
710:Malaysia
599:70229895
564:71225478
532:(2006).
491:61821740
421:71285570
331:70230693
270:See also
246:Examples
215:series.
199:Purposes
106:May 2024
1868:Outline
1235:history
1186:Graphic
1132:Masking
1023:Package
848:Ukraine
818:Hungary
780:History
770:Vietnam
735:Romania
695:Estonia
690:Czechia
264:fan art
90:scholar
1863:Portal
1424:Live2D
1340:facial
1305:T-pose
1203:Object
1176:Cutout
1055:Series
1004:Films
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1679:Anime
1320:Crowd
1262:Flash
1191:Model
1080:Flash
1028:Short
998:Works
838:Korea
833:Japan
823:India
808:China
750:Spain
705:Japan
700:India
685:China
546:74–77
473:54–57
158:study
97:JSTOR
83:books
1619:Sand
1257:2.5D
935:List
908:List
828:Iran
595:OCLC
585:ISBN
560:OCLC
550:ISBN
518:OCLC
508:ISBN
487:OCLC
477:ISBN
417:OCLC
407:ISBN
372:OCLC
362:ISBN
327:OCLC
317:ISBN
140:, a
69:news
1742:Cel
1315:CGI
1277:CSS
1272:SVG
399:doi
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