395:, involved the Triple Alliance and the city-states of Huejotzingo, Tlaxcala, Cholula, in the Tlaxcala-Pueblan Valley of central Mexico. Believing the famine to have occurred due to their gods' anger, Moctezuma supported the order for an increase of human sacrifices to please them. Thus began the war to accumulate as many victims as possible for sacrifice. The war lasted until the Spanish arrived and recruited enemies of the Triple Alliance to conquer all of Mexico. In preparation for the war, Moctezuma would issue three declarations of war and provide weapons to the enemy region. If the last declaration was not accepted by the enemy region, then within 20 days the Aztecs would attack.
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330:. Tlacopan, located on the western shore of Lake Texcoco, controlled seven city-states to the northwest, while Texcoco was located on the eastern shore and rule over nine city-states in the northeast. As the two regions were added to Moctezuma's empire, the Aztecs relied on already established city-states to increase military power. In this skillfully crafted
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of
Texcoco organized the construction and completion of a double aqueduct pipe system, supplying the city of Tenochtitlan with fresh water. This provided an ample supply of fresh water to Texcoco's various communities, which extended over a distance of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from their lakeshore
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He also created legal and education policies that were determined by class. In the palace, different classes were to be received in different rooms. No mixing was allowed under the punishment of death. Only
Moctezuma was allowed to give a death sentence, and all judges had to notify him of any death
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As a ruler, Moctezuma faced and overcame many natural disasters. In 1446, a swarm of locusts destroyed the region's crops In 1449, Lake
Texcoco flooded the city. In 1450, a frost and drought again destroyed the region's crops. These droughts and frosts continued for four years. The famines resulted
233:, Moctezuma I greatly contributed to the famed Aztec Empire that thrived until Spanish arrival, and he ruled over a period of peace from 1440 to 1453. Moctezuma brought social, economical, and political reform to strengthen Aztec rule, and Tenochtitlan benefited from relations with other cities.
511:) one of his unique abilities is "Gifts for the Tlatoani", in which new luxury resources grant more amenities, as well as boosting Aztec units' combat strength. In game, the civilization is known for aggression and expansion. Moctezuma is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game
292:
Moctezuma then was elected to power in 1440 by this group of nobles at the age of 42, after the death of
Itzcoatl. He held the title of "Great Speaker". This was distinguished from the title of "Speaker" since he spoke for both the Aztecs and the other peoples under their control.
461:
It is reported that
Moctezuma's half-brother Tlacaelel opposed his leadership in the early years. However, other historians report that he was once given the opportunity to rule and turned the opportunity down. He took over the empire in 1469 after the death of Moctezuma.
285:'s death, Moctezuma's brother Chimalpopoca ruled for ten years until his assassination. During his reign, Moctezuma and his brother Tlacaelel I led an opposition group of young nobles. This group was militant in nature, and they chose his half-uncle
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peoples and thereby gaining access to exotic goods such as cocoa, rubber, cotton, fruits, feathers, and seashells. The Aztec were then known as the "Neighbors of the Sea of the Sky", as they controlled all the territory up to the Gulf of Mexico.
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consisted of 2000 blankets (of five types), two military outfits with headdresses and shields, green gemstone beads, 800 bunches of green feathers, 40 bags of cochineal dye, and 20 bowls of gold dust. He took many girls from
470:
While
Moctezuma did lead conquests against others, he was able to maintain peace from 1440 to 1453 within his empire. With this peace, his government was able to enact social, political, and economic reforms.
501:, who was 19 years old. Moctezuma is also now used as a symbol of Mexican independence and resistance. Moctezuma I is depicted much less than Moctezuma II in popular culture. However, one depiction is in the
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warriors, traditional enemies of the Aztecs. While most of the defeated princes were allowed to retain their positions, the Mixtec ruler Atonal was ritually strangled and his family was taken as slaves. The
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He enacted codes which determined what people of certain classes could wear and what their houses could look like. For example, only noblemen or great warriors could have a home with a second
526:. His legend is somewhat distinct from the actual historical figure, but shares elements of him and likely originated with tales of the real one. He is a somewhat ambiguous
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in some selling their children or themselves into slavery, and the city lost most of its population. This drought resulted in
Moctezuma's period of peace ending.
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of prisoners. Moctezuma was seated on a basketwork throne and was crowned by the ruler of Texoco. His crown was a turquoise diadem known as the fire crown.
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Map showing the expansion of the Aztec empire showing the areas conquered by the Aztec rulers. The conquests of
Moctezuma is marked by the colour pink.
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series. In this video game, Moctezuma is the leader of one of the playable civilizations, leading the Aztec Empire. In the latest installment (
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and had ten harems all to himself. He stole three of them from his dead brother Huehue Zaca. Similar campaigns were conducted against
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261:. He was the grandson of the first ruler of Tenochtitlan. His name meant 'he is angry like a lord' (from the root
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was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken, and
Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the
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Dunitz, Robin J. Street
Gallery: a guide to 1000 Los Angeles Murals. Los Angeles, CA: RJD Enterprises, c1993;
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penalty rulings. Religion was also emphasized, and religious schools were required in every neighborhood.
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Moctezuma is also seen as a "hero-god" by several Southwestern Native American tribes, especially the
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After the famine ravaged through Aztec agricultural resources, a series of conflicts, known as the
653:"Aztec Empire - Dictionary definition of Aztec Empire | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary"
478:. No one was allowed to have towers, because he claimed they could only be granted by the gods.
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885:, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, 89-90. Vol. 2, 700 to 1449. Detroit: Gale, 2001.
838:"Tenochtitlan | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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949:"Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, "El que se muestra enojado, el que flecha al cielo" (1440-1469)"
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in 1445. Moctezuma then went on to extend the boundaries of the Aztec empire beyond the
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as the next ruler. Under Itzcoatl, Moctezuma and Tlacaelel were generals in his army.
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Tlacaelel, Moctezuma's first successor, was succeeded by Moctezuma's cousin or son
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744:"Portrait: Montezuma I sitting for his portrait carved in the rock at Chapultepec"
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The allure of Nezahualcoyotl: pre-Hispanic history, religion, and Nahua poetics
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Coast, known as the "Sea of the Sky", for the first time, subjugating the
1051:"Pre-order 'Civilization VI' and get Montezuma and the Aztecs as a bonus"
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The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors: Archaeology of Mesoamerica
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975:"Tarlton Law Library: Exhibit - Aztec and Maya Law: Introduction"
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322:, Moctezuma solidified the alliance with two neighboring states,
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The Aztec Kings: the Construction of Rulership in Mexica History
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677:"The Mythology of the Aztecs and the Founding of Tenochtitlan"
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1148:. Civilization of the American Indian series, #188. Norman:
641:. Sampson Low, Marsten, Searle & Rivington. p. 148.
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Narrative and Critical History of America: London: 1886-1889
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Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control
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Among the Aztecs' greatest achievements, Moctezuma and
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1020:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 73.
768:"Moctezuma I, the Fifth Aztec King (Reigned 1440–69)"
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905:"Montezuma I - Dictionary definition of Montezuma I"
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His coronation was a large ceremony, involving many
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717:, 2nd ed., 322-324. Vol. 22. Detroit: Gale, 2004.
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403:In about 1458, Moctezuma led an expedition into
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825:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
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1535:("eagle ruler"; a non-dynastic interim ruler)
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1081:University of New Mexico's Digital Repository
345:Early in his rule, he conquered the state of
229:. Often mistaken for his popular descendant,
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1213:(second edition, revised ed.). London:
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860:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1319:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1303:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
842:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
788:Berdan, Frances F. (2015). "Aztec Empire".
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245:(meaning 'Hummingbird Feather') and queen
936:Tenochtitlan: Capital of the Aztec Empire
614:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7.
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267:'lord' combined with the reflexive verb
611:Dictionary of Mexican Rulers, 1325-1997
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195:[motɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁilwikaˈmiːna]
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424:records that the tribute owed by
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1273:"The Names of the Mexica Kings"
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715:Encyclopedia of World Biography
1240:Weaver, Muriel Porter (1993).
1077:"The Last Word on "Montezuma""
938:. University Press of Florida.
887:Gale Virtual Reference Library
798:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe025
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719:Gale Virtual Reference Library
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342:to the hills of Tetxcotxinco.
210:[weːwemotɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ]
16:Fifth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
1:
1209:Townsend, Richard F. (2000).
1075:Read, Benjamin (1926-07-01).
889:(accessed February 22, 2018).
721:(accessed February 22, 2018).
608:Gómez, Juana Vázquez (1997).
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307:The coronation of Moctezuma I
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1399:Monarchic period (1375–1525)
1182:(2nd ed.). Malden, MA:
1150:University of Oklahoma Press
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1573:15th-century Aztec nobility
1475:Colonial period (1525–1565)
1119:University of Arizona Press
579:List of Tenochtitlan rulers
574:List of people from Morelos
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1016:Townsend, Camilla (2019).
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790:The Encyclopedia of Empire
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955:(in Spanish). 2016-07-05
934:De Rojas, J. L. (2012).
504:Sid Meier's Civilization
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277:Accession and coronation
221:. During his reign, the
635:Winsor, Justin (1886).
457:Opposition to his reign
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191:Motēuczōmah Ilhuicamīna
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1271:Bowles, David (2018).
979:tarlton.law.utexas.edu
486:Descendants and legacy
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249:. He was a brother of
177:–1469), also known as
134:Chichimecacihuatzin II
1313:"Huitzilihuitl"
1144:Hassig, Ross (1988).
997:Smith (2003, p. 161).
883:Science and Its Times
821:Lee, Jongsoo (2008).
451:
441:), and Cuetlachtlan (
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227:Aztec Triple Alliance
116:Chichimecacihuatzin I
1297:"Montezuma I."
1184:Blackwell Publishing
953:Arqueología Mexicana
657:www.encyclopedia.com
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137:Prince Iquehuacatzin
1111:Gillespie, Susan D.
33:Moctezuma I in the
731:Names Mexica Kings
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273:'becomes angry').
217:and fifth king of
213:), was the second
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1176:Smith, Michael E.
1159:978-0-8061-2121-5
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104:(1469-00-00)
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1568:1469 deaths
1431:Moctezuma I
417:Huexotzinco
259:Huehue Zaca
255:Tlacaelel I
179:Montezuma I
175: 1398
168:Moctezuma I
60:Predecessor
22:Moctezuma I
1547:Categories
1466:Cuauhtémoc
1461:Cuitláhuac
1344:1440–1469
1279:2018-11-25
1211:The Aztecs
1180:The Aztecs
1117:. Tucson:
1091:2022-05-10
1061:2018-04-02
984:2018-04-05
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914:2018-03-04
847:2018-04-22
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662:2018-04-22
590:References
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379:Flower War
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1483:Tlacotzin
1451:Ahuitzotl
1441:Axayacatl
1436:Atotoztli
1350:Axayacatl
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595:Citations
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132:Princess
127:Princess
70:Successor
55:1440–1469
1513:Cecetzin
1426:Itzcoatl
1390:Tlatoque
1333:Itzcoatl
1275:. Medium
1264:25832740
1233:43337963
1202:48579073
1178:(2003).
1168:17106411
1137:19353576
1113:(1989).
1085:Archived
856:cite web
584:Oaxtepec
538:See also
443:Cotaxtla
413:Tlaxcala
324:Tlacopan
319:tlatoani
287:Itzcoatl
237:Ancestry
147:Emperor
64:Itzcoatl
44:Tlatoani
1529:Italics
1322:. 1892.
1306:. 1900.
1103:Sources
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353:to the
328:Texcoco
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144:Father
114:Queen
111:Spouse
1518:Cipac
1446:Tizoc
476:story
312:Reign
264:tēuc-
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123:Issue
52:Reign
1260:OCLC
1250:ISBN
1229:OCLC
1219:ISBN
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1188:ISBN
1164:OCLC
1154:ISBN
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1123:ISBN
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862:link
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528:Noah
522:and
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