975:
male)...may participate in co-ed sports and may apply to participate in boys sports,â but he must remain in the sport throughout high school. âA trans female (male to female)...may not compete on a girlsâ team, but may participate in co-ed and boys sports. (See also By-Law 3.20.)â Student athletes who are receiving medical hormonal treatment have different rules. Trans males âwho commenced medical/hormone treatment with prescribed drugs for diagnosed gender dysphoria and/or transsexualism, may compete on a boysâ team, but is no longer eligible to compete on a girlsâ team without changing that team status to a co-ed team,â and Trans females âbeing treated with hormone suppression medication...may continue to compete on a boysâ team but may not compete on a girlsâ team, without changing it to a co-ed team, until one calendar year of documented medical/hormone treatment and/or suppression is completed.â Additionally, trans females must maintain treatment and provide ongoing documentation. The policy was borrowed (with permission) from the NCAA Transgender
Participation Policy, commissioned in 2012 and published in
872:, a co-ed Catholic high school outside St. Louis, officially has 645 students for the 2021-22 school year according to MSHSAA's records. For fall sports, Crusaders teams would be placed in Class 4 for softball, football, cross country and girls' volleyball, Class 2 for girls' golf and boys' soccer, and Class 1 for girls' tennis if classes were allocated strictly by recorded enrollment. However, in practice only football, girls' golf, and cross country compete at their "base" or "proper" class. Girls' tennis, girls' volleyball, softball, and boys' soccer are all bumped up to the highest possible class due to recent success, with volleyball and softball both moved up one level and soccer and tennis elevated two classes. Even having to play schools much larger than itself in state playoff series, the school has still acquitted itself well in certain sports, with boys' soccer finishing Class 4 runner-up in 2020, girls' volleyball making the 2020 Class 5 semifinals, and girls' soccer (itself elevated to the highest possible class) winning the Class 4 title in 2021.
987:
sports. The bill would allow cisgender females to play either girlsâ or boysâ sports but would only allow cisgender males to play boysâ sports even if they were receiving hormone therapy. If the
Republican-led Congress approves the bill, the proposed amendment vote would appear on the 2022 ballots. A similar resolution, Senate Resolution 50, was previously sponsored by Senator Cindy OâLaughlin. She argued that MSHSAA âmade the decision to insert themselves into the current ideological culture warâ by asking which gender students identified as on a physical evaluation form. Likewise, House Joint Resolution 82, presented by Representative Robert Ross would require student athletes to compete in birth-assigned roles. In the end, none of the measures banning trans participation in high school sports were enacted.
911:
education programs or activity receiving federal financial assistance.â Additionally, The Equal
Protection Clause, connected to the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, took effect in 1868 and states that âno state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction âthe equal protection of the laws.â The US Supreme Court designates state athletic/activity associations as State Actors; therefore, MSHSAA has legal responsibilities to provide equitable opportunities. This includes the following considerations:
862:
to better reflect how they would compete against co-ed public school's. Beginning in 2020, however, MSHSAA voted to drop the private school multiplier and instead elected to determine class placement for private schools on a sport-by-sport basis using a "competitive coefficient". Under this system, private and charter schools will be placed at a "floor" class based on their raw/doubled enrollment, and can be moved up to two classes higher based on performance in certain sports over a six-year window.
619:, and sponsors one of the nation's largest annual sportsmanship and student leadership events each August. In addition, MSHSAA has a number of recognition programs, including the Distinguished Service Awards program, Officials Recognition program, Scholastic Achievement Awards program, Student Advisory Committee, MSHSAA Leadership School program, Sportsmanship/Integrity/Leadership program, the 5-Star School program and Traditions reunion program.
804:
165:
63:
22:
608:
Competition, College
Auditions & Tryouts, All-Star Games, Recruiting of Athletes, Transfer for Athletic Reasons, Sports Camps & Clinics, Sportsmanship, and Foreign Student Eligibility. A three-level appeals process is in place for students not meeting the essential eligibility standards due to unusual, unforeseen or unexpected circumstances.
604:
the state, and an annual questionnaire to the membership help identify issues to be voted on in the annual ballot process and identify issues for further study or modification. Member schools may also request specific changes to the association's by-laws and constitution through a petition process that places the item directly on the annual ballot.
535:
Boys' and girls' basketball were expanded to six classes in 2020, and baseball was moved to six classes in 2022. Class 6 schools are those with 1,059 students and above; while Class 1 schools are those with 119 students and below. Prior to 2003, the classes were divided into four classes from "A" to "AAAA" (popularly referred to as "1A" to "4A").
296:
457:
The MSHSAA conducts championship-level activities in 23 activities. At least 50 member high schools must sponsor a sport for an official championship series to be conducted. Sports such as boys volleyball, field hockey, girls lacrosse, boys softball, and water polo are considered "emerging sports" by
1154:
Emerging sports and activities are in their first year of inclusion or do not have 50 schools registered. Additionally, they have fewer restrictions and more flexibility; however, they also receive limited services through MSHSAA since they are not fully adopted. Per the 2023-24 MSHSAA Handbook, the
861:
where the gulf between public and private schools is less noticeable than in KC. Instead of separate championships, MSHSAA used a 1.35 multiplier for school enrollments in determining classes for private schools. In addition, like in most other states, the enrollments of single-sex schools doubled
611:
Each of the state's eight geographic regions not only elects members to the Board of
Directors and Appeals Committee, but also nominates representatives to the aforementioned advisory committees and elects three members to serve on each region's investigative committee. The investigative committees
607:
The association's by-laws fall into the following general categories: Bona Fide
Student, Citizenship, Academics, Residence Requirements, Transferring Schools, Participation Limits, Entering School, Amateur & Awards Standards, Age Limits, Playing Under a False Name, Graduated Students, Nonschool
603:
Potential changes to MSHSAA's by-yaws, such as eligibility standards and activity regulations, are voted on each April, or in special elections, by the associations's 760 member schools. A process that includes input from more than 30 standing advisory committees, area meetings conducted throughout
534:
MSHSAA's member schools are organized into groups based on enrollment, with Class 1 being the smallest. In 11-man football the largest is Class 6, comprising the largest 32 schools based on enrollment. Schools wishing to play 8-man football must have an enrollment smaller than 200 total students.
949:
In the 1971-1972 school year, prior to Title IX implementation, â294,015 girls and 3,666,917 boys participated in high school sports; girls = 7.4% of participants.â In the 2016-2017 school year, as
Missouri high schools have worked to create equal opportunities, â3,400,297 girls and 4,563,238 boys
553:
Wrestling and track districts, for instance, usually have 10 or more teams due to the nature of competition, while football districts have anywhere from four to five. Beginning with the 2012 football season, districts comprised eight schools. In other sports, district competition is set up like a
466:
In 1925, while 46 of the states in the US already had governing bodies to regulate interscholastic activities, Missouri did not. The first meeting was held on
November 13, 1925, in St. Louis where a subsequent constitutional convention was scheduled for December 12, 1925. Carl Burris was the first
982:
Nicky
Taghert, a student athlete from Clayton High School, became the first Missouri transgender high school athlete to apply for eligibility through MSHSAA in November of 2017. To receive eligibility, Taghert had to sit out one year while she received hormone therapy treatment toward transition.
986:
In March 2021, Missouri House Bill 1045, sponsored by
Representative Chuck Bayse of Boone County, was debated in a House committee meeting. The bill requests a statewide ballot that would change the constitution. Bayseâs motivation was fueled by concerns of transgender athletes dominating girlsâ
549:
Schools are assigned into districts for playoff competition only; districts vary depending on sport, size and geographic location. Also unlike other states, there is no "regional" championship designation; during playoff competition schools are generally organized into brackets that are close in
974:
Another contentious area addresses transgender athlete rights. MSHSAAâs board policy 34, listed in MSHSAAâs Handbook, describes rules related to transgender athletes. A student not receiving medical hormone treatment may participate in birth-assigned gender activities. âA trans male (female to
518:
MSHSAA's first focus was to ensure uniform eligibility requirements and "control abuses that were creeping into" Missouri athletics. In 1949, MSHSAA shifted its cause from solely athletics to include activities; the acronym stayed the same, but the name was officially changed. The organization
1007:
to televise the 2015 state football championships. MSHSAA stated that Fox wanted money which they could not afford. However, Fox stated that the association went in a "different direction" with its media rights. The 2015 state championship games were available via a paid streaming service
910:
Original questions center around inequity in education, which resulted in Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972, stating âNo person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any
879:
High School was put to a vote by a group of public school athletic directors in St. Louis. While some believed that it would have a larger amount of support the athletic directors as well as the state board gave it a vote of no confidence before it went to the schools. When the results were
953:
To keep the athletics portion equitable, MSHSAA currently hosts state championships for 10 boysâ sports and 10 girlsâ sports. Furthermore, there are 4 emerging co-ed sports, 2 emerging boysâ sports, and 2 emerging girlsâ sports, none of which have MSHSAA-hosted championship series.
599:
MSHSAA is governed by a 10-member board of directors whose members are elected to four-year terms by school representatives in eight geographic regions of the state. Two at-large positions to the Board of Directors were added in 2005 to ensure racial and gender diversity.
526:. MSHSAA removed the color barrier in 1952, allowing schools from the MNIAA (Missouri Negro Interscholastic Athletic Association) to join. In the late 1960s, the group unified football tournaments (previously only held locally) to form the Show-Me Bowl that exists today.
957:
People opposed to Title IXâs implications argue that now, boysâ sports have a bias against them, protesting, for example, that girlsâ lacrosse is an emerging sport while boysâ lacrosse is not and that girlsâ field hockey is also an emerging sport while boysâ
287:
538:
However, the number of classes varies by the number of schools that participate in a sport: for example, speech, debate, and theater only have one class,swimming and diving has two classes, while girls' softball and girls' volleyball use four classes.
883:
Recently, in the summer of 2022, controversy was sparked online regarding a by-law pertaining to Speech and Debate competitions, allowing students to attend only 11 competitions during a school year, excluding MSHSAA District and State events, and the
994:
was removed from the list of sponsored sports in 2006 after the dramatic fall and injury of a Southern Illinois University-Carbondale cheerleader, and MSHSAA now recognizes cheerleading as only a "sideline activity."
856:
is powerful in local athletics, have proposed separate playoffs for public and private schools in some sports (mostly soccer). This, however, has met resistance from most of the other parts of the state, especially
970:
records 42 high school girlsâ teams and 32 boysâ high school teams. MaxPreps also lists over 200 girlsâ field hockey teams and only 11 boysâ ice hockey teams. All schools listed are not necessarily member schools.
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MSHSAA, but an official postseason series does not exist with less than 50 schools involved in those activities. MSHSAA also administers sideline cheerleading and dance team activities.
182:
35:
1252:
1247:
1237:
2051:
1820:
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The MSHSAA trains and registers more than 5,000 sports officials and adjudicators each year to arbitrate various athletic events and evaluative music festivals.
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229:
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1940:
1880:
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201:
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1242:
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406:
2020:
208:
106:
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1925:
1885:
519:
continued to evolve, and in 1956, the board adopted a program that would aim to use high school activities to educate students in a more holistic way.
84:
77:
1549:
2056:
2015:
1970:
1691:
1960:
1453:
215:
113:
1477:
584:, although there are exceptions. Class 3, 2 and 1 schools are generally rural, although some small private city schools are grouped here as well.
1990:
1985:
1950:
1945:
1860:
1676:
869:
554:
more traditional tournament bracket at the end of the regular season. The winner of the district tournament advances in the championship series.
950:
participated in high school sports; girls = 42.7% of participants.â Girlsâ participation more than doubled while boysâ participation also grew.
2025:
1900:
1429:
542:
Schools in Missouri are able to form their own conferences and play whichever teams they wish in regular season competition. For example, the
197:
95:
1920:
1815:
1652:
1805:
903:
Concerns regarding gender bias on both sides have been raised regarding MSHSAA policies. For instance, in legal counsel Mallory Mayseâs
2030:
1870:
1890:
1865:
1601:
2061:
1850:
1840:
1825:
1780:
817:
2066:
2000:
1835:
1915:
885:
222:
120:
514:
The organization was formed in 1926 when the constitution was approved and adopted, and MSHSAA set its residence in Columbia.
1955:
1855:
1800:
1965:
1785:
1975:
1790:
2005:
1895:
1810:
523:
612:
were formed to investigate formal complaints filed regarding suspected by-law violations committed by member schools.
1995:
1980:
1935:
654:
266:
248:
146:
49:
1875:
1845:
1405:
1910:
1830:
1795:
1326:
1760:
1738:
186:
966:, hosted by CBS Sports, there are 66 girlsâ lacrosse teams in Missouri and 69 boysâ lacrosse teams; however,
875:
The most recent time the issue of a public/private split came up was in 2007, when a petition originated by
983:
Ultimately, Taghert was granted permission and played on the girlsâ soccer team her senior year in 2019.
1291:
596:. 580 schools, both public and private, are members. Its current executive director is Dr. Kerwin Urhahn.
2010:
1501:
1066:
739:
729:
772:
1525:
743:
668:
546:, in the southwest portion of the state, has teams from two classes competing against one another.
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323:
175:
73:
1574:
786:
779:
683:
672:
515:
1313:"MSHSAA members vote out private-school multiplier in exchange for postseason success factor"
1054:
866:
853:
849:
753:
723:
569:
565:
1631:
WATCH: Kansas City dad makes impassioned plea for his trans daughter's right to play sports
1602:"New Missouri bill would prevent male-born transgender students from playing girls' sports"
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8:
858:
824:
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1004:
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639:
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1037:
907:, âThe âgenderâ category of cases is second only to âtransfersâ in total number.â
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386:
295:
1205:
1094:
876:
713:
630:
These are the venues for the state championships during the 2023-24 school year.
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516:"By the close of the 1926-27 school year...472 schools joined the association."
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664:
643:
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560:
Class 6 and Class 5 schools generally come from the state's major metro areas:
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888:
National Tournament. A petition was started online to change the by-law using
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secretary of MSHSAA, and the following men drafted the original constitution:
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450:) is the governing body for high school activities throughout the state of
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National Constitution Center â The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
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823:
Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections
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1174:
1100:
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959:
889:
880:
tabulated, the petition was defeated by a landslide (over 200 votes).
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As an example of how the "competitive coefficient" works in practice,
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1253:
List of Missouri state high school girls volleyball championships
1248:
List of Missouri state high school girls basketball championships
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1193:
1132:
709:
1238:
List of Missouri state high school boys basketball championships
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1088:
915:
Sport and activity options that reflect interests and abilities
1199:
1142:
1770:
National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)
1653:"O'Laughlin: MSHSAA changes gender identification question"
1060:
522:
Its first final was in boys' basketball, held that year at
1733:
1692:"MSHSAA title games shift from FOX Sports to online only"
1215:
Current Provisionally Interscholastic Sports/Activities:
1155:
following sports and activities are considered emerging:
426:
286:
454:. Approximately 580 high schools are members of MSHSAA.
1690:
News-Press, Cody Thorn St. Joseph (26 November 2015).
1454:"Missouri High School Girls Lacrosse Teams | MaxPreps"
1360:"A Practical Guide to Title IX (and Equal Protection)"
1243:
List of Missouri state high school football champions
1233:
List of Missouri high schools by athletic conferences
1010:
National Federation of State High School Associations
557:
Redistricting and regrouping occurs every two years.
407:
National Federation of State High School Associations
2052:
High school sports associations in the United States
1550:"Missouri High School Field Hockey Teams | MaxPreps"
198:"Missouri State High School Activities Association"
189:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
96:"Missouri State High School Activities Association"
1650:
1334:Missouri State High School Activities Association
1274:"MSHSAA Enrollment Figures 2010-11 and 2011-2012"
1149:
927:Travel, dining, and housing reimbursement/quality
444:Missouri State High School Activities Association
280:Missouri State High School Activities Association
2043:
1478:"Missouri High School Lacrosse Teams | MaxPreps"
650:for 8-man in 2024 and all other classes in 2025)
615:The association publishes a quarterly magazine,
1381:"Title Ix Of The Education Amendments Of 1972"
918:Available scholarships at the collegiate level
1754:
1406:"The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution"
1707:"Missouri High School Sports and Activities"
1675:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1761:
1747:
1689:
1292:"2021-22 MSHSAA Schedule of Championships"
758:Golf: Multiple locations, varying by class
2072:Organizations based in Columbia, Missouri
1357:
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
2057:Sports organizations established in 1926
529:
1003:MSHSAA did not reach an agreement with
2044:
1271:
680:Moloney Arena at Simon Athletic Center
83:Please improve this article by adding
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1624:
1622:
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1327:"Speech, Debate & Theatre Manual"
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1651:O'Laughlin (R-18), State Sen Cindy.
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813:"criticism" or "controversy" section
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187:adding citations to reliable sources
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1657:Chillicothe News - Chillicothe, MO
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1526:"MO High School | Inside Lacrosse"
1502:"MO High School | Inside Lacrosse"
936:Medical care and training services
524:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
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1727:
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905:National Case Summaries 1934-2017
655:World Wide Technology Soccer Park
31:This article has multiple issues.
1358:Schroeder, Stacy (1 July 2018).
930:Educational and coaching support
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477:Dr. H. S. Curtis, Jefferson City
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2062:1926 establishments in Missouri
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1211:Girls stunt: 25 schools (sport)
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174:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
2067:High school sports in Missouri
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1150:Emerging sports and activities
483:C. O. Williams, Jefferson City
1:
1430:"You are being redirected..."
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816:may compromise the article's
471:W. T. Doherty, Cape Girardeau
85:secondary or tertiary sources
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718:Softball (fall and spring):
7:
1226:
592:MSHSAA is headquartered in
501:H. R. Shepherd, Kansas City
10:
2088:
461:
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1031:
848:Some schools, notably in
773:Missouri State University
495:H. N. McCall, Carterville
489:Uel W. Lampkin, Maryville
486:D. W. Hopkins, St. Joseph
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1433:www.athleticbusiness.com
720:Killian Softball Complex
504:Coach G. Henry, Columbia
474:C. C. Conrad, Charleston
1575:"Transforming the Game"
1222:: 65 schools (activity)
1208:: 32 schools (activity)
1202:: 15 schools (activity)
1196:: 11 schools (activity)
1190:: 25 schools (activity)
924:Game and practice times
480:T. C. Reid, Warrensburg
376:730 full member schools
1530:www.insidelacrosse.com
1506:www.insidelacrosse.com
945:Collegiate recruitment
942:Other support services
921:Equipment and supplies
787:University of Missouri
780:University of Missouri
673:St. Joseph Civic Arena
550:geographic proximity.
510:O. G. Sanford, Trenton
72:relies excessively on
962:is not. According to
854:Rockhurst High School
750:Cooper Tennis Complex
698:Swimming and Diving:
530:School classification
507:W. F. Byers, Carthage
1821:District of Columbia
1184:: 17 schools (sport)
1177:: 21 schools (sport)
1170:: 37 schools (sport)
1163:: 31 schools (sport)
977:Champions of Respect
730:Gans Creek XC Course
498:Carl Burris, Clayton
492:J. D. Deaton, Butler
398:Dr. Jennifer Rukstad
341:Athletic/Educational
183:improve this article
1272:Consulting, LANIT.
1137:Spirit Activities (
771:Speech and Debate:
740:Pete Adkins Stadium
700:St. Peters Rec-Plex
663:Girls' Volleyball:
281:
1040:(11-man and 8-man)
1005:Fox Sports Midwest
825:through discussion
678:Boys' Volleyball:
626:State Finals sites
394:Executive Director
382:Official language
279:
2039:
2038:
1038:American football
1008:sponsored by the
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738:Track and Field:
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349:1 North Keene St.
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1336:. 11 August 2022
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1109:(girls and boys)
1103:(girls and boys)
1097:(girls and boys)
1091:(girls and boys)
1085:(girls and boys)
1069:(girls and boys)
1063:(girls and boys)
1057:(girls and boys)
1051:(girls and boys)
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544:Ozark Conference
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1573:Cohen, Daniel.
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1315:. 26 June 2019.
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1206:Target shooting
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333:Association
322:Volunteer;
2046:Categories
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1259:References
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1671:cite web
1227:See also
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1173:Boys
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1119:Music
877:Belle
714:Ozark
354:65205
230:JSTOR
216:books
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114:books
2001:Utah
1956:Ohio
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1677:link
1367:NFHS
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