37:
282:
everything found in a sample of water, rather than only the cells scooped up by a plankton net. Environmental sequencing aims to isolate organisms that are reluctant to being cultured but are abundant in the environment. One such environmental sequencing study captured an unknown
267:
and culturing it consecutively. Another reason why organisms may be reluctant to culturing is due to size. Organisms that are only micrometers long tend to pass through the
322:
are marine heterotrophic flagellates that swim and are active bacterial grazers. They are well adapted to low prey abundances and very efficient at ingesting
259:. There are a myriad of reasons why organisms may be reluctant to culturing. Heterotrophic protists are particularly difficult to culture because culturing a
933:
892:
114:
361:
had not been picked up by other survey methods, since most nets used to capture protists are not fine enough to trap such a tiny organism.
104:
326:. They are widely distributed and abundant in oceans worldwide, accounting for up to 5% of all heterotrophic flagellates in the world.
405:
is the only heterotrophic representative within the
Chlorarachniophytes, which is the only photosynthetic group within the supergroup
622:
del Campo, Javier; Guillou, Laure; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Logares, Ramiro; LĂłpez-GarcĂa, PurificaciĂłn; Massana, Ramon (2016-08-01).
330:
are present in ocean all year long particularly near coastal areas, though abundances vary depending on site, suggesting pockets of
357:
with naked and spherical ovoid cells. They are minuscule, only ~1.3 micrometers wide and ~1.5 micrometers long. This explains why
247:
Culturing bias is the tendency to study organisms that are easily cultured and this bias was rampant in the past study of protist
278:
One way that scientists attempt to overcome culturing bias is by using environmental sequencing, a method that determines the
291:. The rhizarian isolate was genetically distant from any described species, but it matched environmental sequences from the
971:
938:
897:
795:"Environmental Sequencing Provides Reasonable Estimates of the Relative Abundance of Specific Picoeukaryotes"
793:
Giner, Caterina R.; Forn, Irene; Romac, Sarah; Logares, Ramiro; de Vargas, Colomban; Massana, Ramon (2016).
569:"Culturing Bias in Marine Heterotrophic Flagellates Analyzed Through Seawater Enrichment Incubations"
36:
421:
indicates a second instance of acquisition of a green plastid independently in
Chlorarachniophytes.
966:
567:
del Campo, Javier; Balagué, Vanessa; Forn, Irene; Lekunberri, Itziar; Massana, Ramon (2013-10-01).
198:
681:"Dominant marine heterotrophic flagellates are adapted to natural planktonic bacterial abundances"
860:
151:
287:
when attempting to culture ecologically relevant heterotrophic flagellates off the coast of
806:
510:
del Campo, Javier; Not, Fabrice; Forn, Irene; Sieracki, Michael E.; Massana, Ramon (2013).
354:
206:
8:
810:
630:. Current trends in protistology â results from the VII ECOP - ISOP Joint Meeting 2015.
835:
794:
775:
713:
680:
656:
623:
604:
544:
511:
398:
331:
94:
31:
840:
822:
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718:
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661:
643:
608:
596:
588:
549:
531:
292:
924:
883:
830:
814:
749:
708:
692:
651:
635:
580:
539:
523:
961:
300:
679:
RodrĂguezâMartĂnez, Raquel; VaquĂ©, Dolors; Forn, Irene; Massana, Ramon (2022).
639:
279:
74:
61:
754:
584:
955:
826:
763:
704:
647:
592:
535:
390:
737:
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568:
844:
771:
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665:
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553:
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296:
272:
268:
194:
527:
818:
449:
437:
260:
187:
366:
264:
256:
248:
191:
180:
48:
854:
624:"Ecological and evolutionary significance of novel protist lineages"
918:
877:
406:
323:
284:
236:
202:
84:
678:
621:
414:
252:
222:
275:
to survey they microscopic organisms living in bodies of water.
231:
566:
225:, the birthplace of Javier del Campo, who first described the
288:
226:
183:
436:
of coastal ecosystems, possibly having a relevant role in
509:
444:
in coastal waters could be as important as MAST (marine
792:
432:
represents one of the main players in the eukaryotic
235:, latin for tiny, refers to the small size of the
953:
512:"Taming the smallest predators of the oceans"
735:
736:Burki, Fabien; Keeling, Patrick J. (2014).
369:that could be up to four times its length.
337:
834:
753:
712:
655:
543:
384:
342:
440:and controlling bacterial populations.
424:
242:
954:
799:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
314:
859:
858:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
448:) in open ocean, considered abundant
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
417:or whether the lack of a plastid in
13:
14:
983:
462:
628:European Journal of Protistology
190:that is heavily featured in the
35:
201:. It is part of the supergroup
786:
729:
672:
615:
560:
1:
455:
372:
212:
7:
303:. This rhizarian was named
271:that are typically used by
205:, at the base of the class
10:
988:
972:Protists described in 2013
685:Environmental Microbiology
640:10.1016/j.ejop.2016.02.002
908:
867:
755:10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.025
585:10.1007/s00248-013-0251-y
263:necessitates knowing its
157:
150:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
409:. It is unknown whether
186:of marine heterotrophic
697:10.1111/1462-2920.15911
338:Description of organism
385:Genetics and phylogeny
343:Morphology and anatomy
528:10.1038/ismej.2012.85
413:posteriorly lost the
819:10.1128/AEM.00560-16
425:Practical importance
355:unicellular organism
243:History of knowledge
221:comes from the town
207:Chlorarachniophyceae
95:Chlorarachniophyceae
811:2016ApEnM..82.4757G
399:Chlorarachniophytes
397:at the base of the
365:possesses a single
315:Habitat and ecology
307:and thus the genus
377:The life cycle of
332:population density
199:coastal ecosystems
949:
948:
861:Taxon identifiers
805:(15): 4757â4766.
573:Microbial Ecology
293:Mediterranean Sea
172:
171:
132:
979:
942:
941:
929:
928:
927:
901:
900:
888:
887:
886:
856:
855:
849:
848:
838:
790:
784:
783:
757:
748:(3): R103âR107.
733:
727:
726:
716:
691:(5): 2421â2434.
676:
670:
669:
659:
619:
613:
612:
564:
558:
557:
547:
516:The ISME Journal
507:
280:genetic sequence
163:
131:del Campo, 2013
130:
40:
39:
21:
20:
16:Species of algae
987:
986:
982:
981:
980:
978:
977:
976:
967:Rhizaria genera
952:
951:
950:
945:
937:
932:
923:
922:
917:
910:Minorisa minuta
904:
896:
891:
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881:
876:
863:
853:
852:
791:
787:
742:Current Biology
734:
730:
677:
673:
620:
616:
565:
561:
508:
463:
458:
427:
395:Minorisa minuta
387:
379:Minorisa minuta
375:
345:
340:
320:Minorisa minuta
317:
305:Minorisa minuta
301:English Channel
245:
215:
168:
165:
161:Minorisa minuta
159:
146:
129:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
985:
975:
974:
969:
964:
947:
946:
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914:
912:
906:
905:
903:
902:
889:
873:
871:
865:
864:
851:
850:
785:
728:
671:
634:(Pt A): 4â11.
614:
579:(3): 489â499.
559:
522:(2): 351â358.
460:
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386:
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344:
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316:
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273:oceanographers
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170:
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155:
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143:M. minuta
140:
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134:
133:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
65:
64:
62:Diaphoretickes
59:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
984:
973:
970:
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959:
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916:
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837:
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828:
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781:
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769:
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546:
541:
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484:
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480:
478:
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474:
472:
470:
468:
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461:
453:
451:
447:
446:stramenopiles
443:
439:
438:carbon fluxes
435:
431:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:phylogenetics
382:
380:
370:
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329:
325:
321:
312:
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276:
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269:plankton nets
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210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
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185:
182:
178:
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164:
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156:
153:
152:Binomial name
149:
145:
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119:
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33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
909:
868:
802:
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745:
741:
731:
688:
684:
674:
631:
627:
617:
576:
572:
562:
519:
515:
450:bacterivores
441:
434:picoplankton
429:
428:
418:
410:
402:
394:
388:
381:is unknown.
378:
376:
362:
358:
350:
347:
346:
327:
319:
318:
308:
304:
297:Sargasso Sea
277:
246:
230:
218:
216:
195:picoplankton
175:
174:
173:
160:
158:
142:
141:
125:
124:
68:
55:
24:
18:
261:heterotroph
188:flagellates
115:Minorisidae
956:Categories
925:Q110226290
884:Q110226289
738:"Rhizaria"
456:References
389:Molecular
373:Life cycle
311:was born.
299:, and the
192:eukaryotic
167:del Campo
105:Minorisida
827:0099-2240
780:235312055
764:0960-9822
705:1462-2912
648:0932-4739
609:253778653
593:1432-184X
536:1751-7370
367:flagellum
285:rhizarian
257:evolution
249:phylogeny
229:in 2013.
217:The name
213:Etymology
181:monotypic
137:Species:
49:Eukaryota
919:Wikidata
878:Wikidata
869:Minorisa
845:27235440
772:24502779
723:35080092
666:26996654
601:23749062
554:22810060
442:Minorisa
430:Minorisa
419:Minorisa
411:Minorisa
407:Rhizaria
403:Minorisa
363:Minorisa
359:Minorisa
348:Minorisa
328:Minorisa
324:bacteria
309:Minorisa
237:organism
219:Minorisa
203:Rhizaria
176:Minorisa
126:Minorisa
111:Family:
85:Cercozoa
81:Phylum:
45:Domain:
25:Minorisa
939:1213618
898:1213617
836:4984273
807:Bibcode
714:9303649
657:5242370
545:3554395
415:plastid
393:places
253:ecology
223:Manresa
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
962:Filosa
843:
833:
825:
778:
770:
762:
721:
711:
703:
664:
654:
646:
607:
599:
591:
552:
542:
534:
351:minuta
295:, the
255:, and
232:Minuta
776:S2CID
605:S2CID
353:is a
289:Spain
227:genus
184:genus
179:is a
69:Clade
56:Clade
934:NCBI
893:NCBI
841:PMID
823:ISSN
768:PMID
760:ISSN
719:PMID
701:ISSN
662:PMID
644:ISSN
597:PMID
589:ISSN
550:PMID
532:ISSN
265:prey
831:PMC
815:doi
750:doi
709:PMC
693:doi
652:PMC
636:doi
581:doi
540:PMC
524:doi
197:of
75:SAR
958::
936::
921::
895::
880::
839:.
829:.
821:.
813:.
803:82
801:.
797:.
774:.
766:.
758:.
746:24
744:.
740:.
717:.
707:.
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689:24
687:.
683:.
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650:.
642:.
632:55
626:.
603:.
595:.
587:.
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575:.
571:.
548:.
538:.
530:.
518:.
514:.
464:^
452:.
401:.
334:.
251:,
239:.
209:.
71::
58::
847:.
817::
809::
782:.
752::
725:.
695::
668:.
638::
611:.
583::
556:.
526::
520:7
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