892:, quoted in their unpublished preliminary draft as 'in over three years, I released over a million prisoners from the camps.' But what Dong actually said was rather different, as Desbarats and Jackson confirm in a different version of the article: 'In over three years, we returned to civilian life and to their families more than a million persons who in one way or another had collaborated with the enemy.' The difference between the two translations is important, because Dong was clearly referring to those who were released after only a few days of reeducation in their own home towns—not released from longterm reeducation in distant camps. The actual number of
143:
1151:
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27:
385:, order and social safety; counterintelligence; crime prevention investigation; fire prevention and rescue; execution of criminal judgments, judgment enforcement not subject to imprisonment, custody or temporary detention; legal protection and support; State management of public services in sectors and fields under the Ministry's state management. It is headed by the
419:
formed three departments, consisting of the
Security Service Bureau in Northern Vietnam, the Surveillance Service in central Vietnam and the National Self-Defense Force Bureau in southern Vietnam. The three departments provided protection for Ho Chi Minh and other CPV leaders in time for September 2,
423:
The Sub-Ministry of Public
Security was established in February 1953 when it was under North Vietnamese control after Ho Chi Minh signed Decree 141/SL. At the time of establishment, it formally had seven departments and divisions. After the Government Council was presided from August 27 to 29 of
420:
1945 when independence was declared for the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. On February 21, 1945, Ho Chi Minh signed Decree 23, which unified the three bureaus into the Vietnam People’s Police Department under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Le Gian served as the first head of the MIA.
884:
At this point, Desbarats and
Jackson make a major factual error which makes it even more difficult to make sense of their methodology. They assert that there were one million Vietnamese who experienced incarceration in reeducation camps, based primarily on an alleged admission by then
454:
On 12 June 1981, Decree 250/CP was signed, which defined the mandate of the
Ministry of Interior. The Interior Minister then signed Decision 12-QD/BNV to prescribe the powers of the General Department of Police (GDP) with 12 subordinate units.
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internees, according to both official communist sources and former officials of the regime who later fled to the West, was between 200,000 and 300,000.
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396:, the Vietnamese uniformed police forces - while also responsible for domestic civilian administrative management, similar to the role of a standard
91:
1115:
1025:
63:
1221:
1003:
1135:
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70:
824:
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1206:
77:
526:", membership in Bloc 8406, and writing online articles titled, "The Tail", which critically described life under MPS surveillance.
1278:
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Security
Command (K01)- (It is equivalent to the Department level with the task of protecting key people and state-level officials)
780:
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59:
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1165:
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1125:
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1216:
1211:
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1060:
401:
1273:
984:
110:
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The Police
Department manages custody, temporary detention and criminal judgment execution in the community (C11)
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48:
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507:
128:
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806:"The Office of Investigation Police Agency Ministry of Public Security Socialist Republic of Viet Nam"
886:
463:
397:
1170:
37:
852:; Roberts, James (Summer 1988). "Creating a Bloodbath by Statistical Manipulation: A Review of
1198:
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1041:
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The Police
Department manages prisons, compulsory education institutions, reform school (C10)
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The Police
Department investigates crimes related to corruption, economy, and smuggling (C03)
378:
208:
936:"From Reeducation Camps to Little Saigons: Historicizing Vietnamese Diasporic Anticommunism"
467:
261:
8:
1229:
503:
370:
838:
https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/3794136/Nguyen-Quoc-Tan-Trung.pdf
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Department of
Construction of the all-people movement to protect national security (V05)
1234:
976:
Not yet a workers' paradise: Vietnam's suppression of the independent workers' movement
875:
444:
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825:"Stasi Aid and the Modernization of the Vietnamese Secret Police | Wilson Center"
447:
operations throughout Vietnam, particularly after selected MPS personnel were sent to
980:
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were common. The MPS has also played a role in the surveillance and persecution of
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Bureau of Economic, Scientific, Technical and Environmental Intelligence (B05)
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Department of Cybersecurity and High-Tech Crime Prevention and Control (A05)
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Vietnam Technical - Logistics People's Public Security University (T07/T36)
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486:
officers, government employees, and supporters of the former government of
448:
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provided technical assistance to the MPS in improving its intelligence and
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515:
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Central Public Security Party Committee Inspection Committee Organ (X06)
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Department of Science, Strategy and History of the Public Security (V04)
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854:
A Methodology for Estimating Political Executions in Vietnam, 1975–1983
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1953, the Sub-Ministry was updated to the Ministry of Public Security.
910:"Re-education in Unliberated Vietnam: Loneliness, Suffering and Death"
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Police Department for administrative management of social order (C06)
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499:
183:
Bureau of National Self-Defence Force in Southern Vietnam (1945–1946)
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http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd/tpp/Final_Texts/English/VNM_Annex15A.pdf
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Col. Gen Lương Tam Quang is the current head of the Vietnamese MPS.
26:
673:
Mobile Police Command (K02)- (it is equivalent to Department level)
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Department of Information Processing and Intelligence Support (B01)
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was sentenced in 2007 to five years imprisonment for "endangering
1036:
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Office of Public Security of Ministry of Home Affairs (1946–1953)
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Vietnam Police Fire Prevention and Fighting University (T06/K56)
676:(Vietnam) International Technical Academy- (B06)Logistics People
392:
The Ministry of Public Security is the agency that manages the
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Communication Department of the People's Public Security (X04)
415:
The foundation of the MPS started on August 19, 1945 when the
1244:
Commission for the Management of State Capital at Enterprises
534:
The MPS is structured according to the following as of 2018:
458:
The Ministry of Public Security received many titles such as
428:
353:
219:
685:
Vietnam People's Public Security Political Academy (T03/T29)
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47 Pham Van Dong Street, Mai Dich Ward, Cau Giay District,
908:
Sagan, Ginetta; Denney, Stephen (October–November 1982).
842:
652:
Department of Construction Management and Barracks (H02)
482:, the MPS imprisoned at least 200,000 to 300,000 former
628:
Environmental Crime Prevention Police Department (C05)
634:
Police Department of Fire Prevention and Rescue (C07)
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Department of Legal Affairs and Judicial Reform (V03)
177:
Bureau of Integrity in Northern Vietnam (1945–1946)
427:In 1957, it first made official connections to the
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
568:Inspector of the Ministry of Public Security (X05)
655:Department of Telecommunications and Cipher (H04)
625:Police Department investigating drug crimes (C04)
381:, performing the function of state management of
1255:
756:"Vietnam appoints new public security minister"
616:Office of the Police Investigation Agency (C01)
580:Department of Internal Political Security (A03)
538:Office of the Ministry of Public Security (V01)
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688:Vietnam People's Security University (T04/T47)
556:Department of Organization and Personnel (X01)
180:Bureau of Scout in Central Vietnam (1945–1946)
1222:Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
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682:Vietnam People's Police Academy (T02/T18/T32)
607:US, Europe, Africa Intelligence Service (B03)
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691:Vietnam People's Police University (T05/T48)
679:Vietnam People's Security Academy (T01/C500)
562:Department of Party and Political Work (X03)
506:, and in the ongoing efforts to repress the
907:
766:
649:Department of Equipment and Logistics (H03)
589:Department of Professional Technology (A06)
1026:
1012:
856:, Jacqueline Desbarats; Karl D. Jackson".
510:, especially since the 2006 foundation of
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60:"Ministry of Public Security" Vietnam
1207:Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
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714:Institute of Science and Technology (H09)
700:Vietnam People's Security College I (T08)
237:Number of generals on payroll: 199 (2019)
234:Semi-specialized force: 2,000,000 persons
189:Deputy Ministry of Public Security (1953)
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1203:Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
979:. Human Rights Watch. 2009. p. 24.
706:Vietnam People's Police College II (T10)
646:Department of Planning and Finance (H01)
553:Department of Professional Records (V06)
377:) is a public agency directly under the
703:Vietnam People's Police College I (T09)
658:Information Technology Department (H05)
192:Ministry of Public Security (1953–1975)
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598:Bureau of Investigation Security (A09)
400:(however, not to be confused with the
1166:Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs
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583:Department of Economic Security (A04)
577:Department of Homeland Security (A02)
574:Department of Foreign Security (A01)
195:Ministry of Home Affairs (1975–1998)
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1116:Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs
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709:Institute of Criminal Science (C09)
610:Bureau of Secret Intelligence (B04)
595:Administration of Immigration (A08)
541:Department of Foreign Affairs (V02)
13:
1217:Vietnam National University, Hanoi
1212:Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
494:, where both physical torture and
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1121:Natural Resources and Environment
1056:Agriculture and Rural Development
460:Hero of the People's Armed Forces
1264:Government ministries of Vietnam
1199:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Management
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619:Criminal Police Department (C02)
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402:Vietnam Ministry of Home Affairs
394:Vietnam People's Public Security
149:Vietnam People's Public Security
25:
1279:Political repression in Vietnam
637:Traffic Police Department (C08)
36:needs additional citations for
1106:Information and Communications
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667:Security Industry Bureau (H08)
604:Asia Intelligence Bureau (B02)
16:Government ministry in Vietnam
1:
941:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
934:Hoang, Tuan (1 August 2016).
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726:Traditional Medicine Hospital
508:Vietnamese democracy movement
231:Regular force: Not disclosed.
129:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
723:Hospital One Nine Nine - 199
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7:
1066:Culture, Sports and Tourism
417:Indochinese Communist Party
387:Minister of Public Security
363:Ministry of Public Security
325:Minister of Public Security
271:Deputy Minister responsible
124:Ministry of Public Security
10:
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1269:Law enforcement in Vietnam
664:Logistics Department (H07)
661:Department of Health (H06)
514:. For example, lawyer and
437:German Democratic Republic
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164:19 August 1945 (de facto)
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464:Gold Star Order (Vietnam)
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954:10.1525/jvs.2016.11.2.43
914:The Indochina Newsletter
592:Offline Department (A07)
439:. From 1972, Stasi head
341:People's Public Security
1226:Vietnam Social Security
1171:Government Inspectorate
1159:Ministry-level agencies
1126:Planning and Investment
247:4.19 billion USD (2021)
1136:Science and Technology
1076:Education and Training
451:for further training.
374:
1042:Government of Vietnam
379:Government of Vietnam
209:Government of Vietnam
1190:Government-dependent
502:poets, writers, and
398:Ministry of Interior
252:Minister responsible
45:improve this article
1230:Vietnam News Agency
504:political prisoners
132:
1235:Vietnam Television
1101:Industry and Trade
720:Hospital April, 30
717:Hospital August,19
492:re-education camps
468:Ho Chi Minh Orders
445:surveillance state
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478:Following the
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
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34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1130:
1096:Home Affairs
1061:Construction
990:. Retrieved
975:
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957:. Retrieved
948:(2): 43–95.
945:
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917:. Retrieved
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496:mental abuse
477:
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449:East Germany
441:Erich Mielke
426:
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366:
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334:Child agency
302:Lê Văn Tuyến
295:Lê Quốc Hùng
281:Trần Quốc Tỏ
215:Headquarters
205:Jurisdiction
107:
101:October 2021
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
919:1 September
516:labor union
1258:Categories
1181:State Bank
1049:Ministries
992:18 January
731:References
462:13 times,
371:Vietnamese
136:Bộ Công an
71:newspapers
1141:Transport
959:18 August
760:VnExpress
530:Structure
518:activist
512:Bloc 8406
500:dissident
226:Employees
1192:agencies
383:security
306:Maj. Gen
299:Maj. Gen
278:Col. Gen
259:Col. Gen
1111:Justice
1081:Finance
1071:Defence
880:2759306
466:and 88
435:of the
411:History
350:Website
292:Lt. Gen
285:Lt. Gen
85:scholar
1091:Health
983:
878:
781:"News"
431:, the
161:Formed
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
876:JSTOR
429:Stasi
220:Hanoi
92:JSTOR
78:books
994:2012
981:ISBN
961:2022
921:2016
361:The
64:news
950:doi
868:doi
490:in
404:).
367:MPS
127:of
47:by
1260::
946:11
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864:61
862:.
814:^
789:^
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369:,
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