1865:
343:
Torruella, Guifré; de Mendoza, Alex; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Antó, Meritxell; Chaplin, Mark A.; del Campo, Javier; Eme, Laura; Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Whipps, Christopher M.; Nichols, Krista M.; Paley, Richard; Roger, Andrew J.; Sitjà-Bobadilla, Ariadna; Donachie, Stuart;
242:
Microvilli in
Ministeria suggest their presence in the common ancestor of Filasterea and Choanoflagellata. The kinetid structure of Ministeria is similar to that of the choanocytes of the most deep-branching sponges, differing essentially from the kinetid of choanoflagellates. Thus, kinetid and
412:
Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Karpov, Sergey A.; Wylezich, Claudia (1 August 2019). "Microscopical
Studies on Ministeria vibrans Tong, 1997 (Filasterea) Highlight the Cytoskeletal Structure of the Common Ancestor of Filasterea, Metazoa and Choanoflagellata".
263:
Patterson, David J.; Nygaard, Kari; Steinberg, Gero; Turley, Carol M. (11 May 2009). "Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists associated with oceanic detritus throughout the water column in the mid North
Atlantic".
202:
that was originally described to be suspended by a flagellum-like stalk attached to the substrate. Molecular and experimental work later on demonstrated the stalk is indeed a flagellar apparatus.
33:
1655:
1660:
1798:
1518:
1811:
294:
Torruella, Guifré; Derelle, Romain; Paps, Jordi; Lang, B. Franz; Roger, Andrew J.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (2012).
243:
microvilli of
Ministeria illustrate features of the common ancestor of three holozoan groups: Filasterea, Metazoa and Choanoflagellata.
1785:
1906:
296:"Phylogenetic Relationships within the Opisthokonta Based on Phylogenomic Analyses of Conserved Single-Copy Protein Domains"
1935:
466:
1772:
1837:
1816:
500:
495:
579:
569:
552:
385:
Tong, Susan M. (November 1997). "Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists from
Southampton Water, U.K.".
221:. Two Ministeria amoebae species have been reported so far, both of them from coastal marine water samples:
1930:
1899:
1842:
346:"Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi"
584:
459:
1940:
1803:
1740:
1892:
547:
170:
1880:
1829:
8:
1925:
1362:
1146:
1372:
564:
542:
530:
505:
452:
320:
295:
47:
1824:
1706:
1632:
1613:
1323:
906:
574:
537:
525:
515:
430:
367:
325:
214:
1678:
1624:
1378:
824:
489:
422:
398:
394:
357:
315:
307:
273:
1310:
1763:
1551:
726:
426:
1876:
1647:
1637:
1601:
1576:
1265:
1056:
957:
879:
688:
520:
209:
occupies a key position in understanding animal origins. It is a member of the
362:
345:
277:
1919:
1683:
1482:
1474:
1304:
1225:
1165:
1076:
1050:
779:
130:
1777:
311:
1716:
1543:
1523:
1463:
1367:
1340:
1287:
1245:
1212:
987:
765:
704:
444:
434:
371:
329:
118:
70:
1607:
1533:
1385:
1349:
1329:
1277:
1251:
1141:
1089:
1062:
1044:
1017:
784:
653:
642:
1790:
1688:
1512:
1503:
1488:
1356:
1293:
1152:
1113:
1108:
994:
911:
806:
718:
210:
106:
1864:
32:
1587:
1528:
1236:
1201:
1159:
1136:
1118:
1005:
941:
816:
693:
636:
623:
475:
199:
58:
1734:
1757:
1594:
1556:
1457:
1434:
981:
976:
968:
898:
773:
648:
631:
609:
559:
266:
Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom
229:. However, there is currently only one culture available, that of
1872:
1710:
1445:
1282:
1128:
1035:
1024:
888:
794:
750:
658:
411:
218:
94:
82:
342:
1303:
1100:
830:
732:
674:
262:
1670:
927:
293:
258:
256:
253:
1917:
150:Patterson, Nygaard, Steinberg & Turley, 1993
1623:
289:
287:
1900:
460:
474:
1339:
284:
1907:
1893:
467:
453:
31:
717:
361:
319:
622:
607:
1918:
1725:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
1739:
1738:
448:
344:Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (September 2015).
1859:
384:
13:
14:
1952:
1863:
300:Molecular Biology and Evolution
198:is a bacterivorous amoeba with
1204:
1200:
960:
956:
405:
399:10.1080/00785236.1997.10427291
378:
336:
213:, that is the sister-group to
1:
246:
1879:. You can help Knowledge by
427:10.1016/j.protis.2019.07.001
7:
10:
1957:
1936:Protists described in 1997
1858:
1747:
1701:
1669:
1646:
1573:
1542:
1502:
1473:
1453:
1444:
1432:
1428:
1273:
1264:
1235:
1220:
1211:
1198:
1194:
1127:
1099:
1084:
1075:
1034:
1013:
1004:
967:
954:
950:
937:
924:
920:
897:
877:
873:
869:
815:
802:
793:
760:
747:
713:
702:
684:
671:
618:
603:
599:
483:
363:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053
278:10.1017/S0025315400032653
176:
169:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
930:
926:
1875:-related article is a
312:10.1093/molbev/msr185
205:The amoeboid protist
1931:Opisthokont species
1602:Gunflint microbiota
1363:Klebsormidiophyceae
1147:Hyphochytriomycetes
231:Ministeria vibrans.
1749:Ministeria vibrans
1373:Coleochaetophyceae
753:
749:
677:
673:
235:The life cycle of
207:Ministeria vibrans
195:Ministeria vibrans
180:Ministeria vibrans
41:Ministeria vibrans
25:Ministeria vibrans
1888:
1887:
1853:
1852:
1825:Open Tree of Life
1741:Taxon identifiers
1732:
1731:
1697:
1696:
1633:Spironematellidae
1614:Meteora sporadica
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1498:
1497:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1324:Prasinodermophyta
1260:
1259:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1071:
1070:
907:Centroplasthelida
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
743:
742:
667:
666:
356:(18): 2404–2410.
239:remains unknown.
215:Choanoflagellatea
191:
190:
16:Species of amoeba
1948:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1867:
1860:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1820:
1819:
1807:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1736:
1735:
1679:Collodictyonidae
1625:Hemimastigophora
1621:
1620:
1580:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1379:Zygnematophyceae
1337:
1336:
1317:
1301:
1300:
1271:
1270:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1082:
1081:
1011:
1010:
965:
964:
961:
952:
951:
935:
934:
931:
922:
921:
895:
894:
882:
875:
874:
871:
870:
825:Choanoflagellata
800:
799:
758:
757:
754:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
682:
681:
678:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
605:
604:
601:
600:
512:
492:
469:
462:
455:
446:
445:
439:
438:
409:
403:
402:
382:
376:
375:
365:
340:
334:
333:
323:
291:
282:
281:
260:
182:
35:
21:
20:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1693:
1665:
1656:Ancyromonadidae
1642:
1619:
1574:
1561:
1552:Malawimonadidae
1538:
1494:
1469:
1433:
1392:
1335:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1256:
1231:
1199:
1170:
1123:
1095:
1067:
1030:
1000:
955:
946:
925:
916:
893:
878:
837:
811:
789:
748:
739:
703:
698:
672:
663:
608:
595:
594:
510:
488:
479:
473:
443:
442:
410:
406:
383:
379:
350:Current Biology
341:
337:
292:
285:
261:
254:
249:
187:
184:
178:
165:
162:M. vibrans
151:
148:
147:
133:
121:
109:
97:
85:
73:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1868:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1709:excluded from
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1661:Planomonadidae
1658:
1652:
1650:
1648:Ancyromonadida
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1638:Paramastigidae
1635:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1577:Incertae sedis
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1266:Archaeplastida
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1057:Dinoflagellata
1053:
1051:Chrompodellida
1048:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
991:
984:
979:
973:
971:
962:
948:
947:
945:
944:
938:
932:
918:
917:
915:
914:
909:
903:
901:
892:
891:
885:
883:
880:Diaphoretickes
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
836:
835:
827:
821:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
803:
797:
791:
790:
788:
787:
782:
777:
769:
761:
755:
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
729:
723:
721:
708:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
685:
679:
669:
668:
665:
664:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
639:
634:
628:
626:
613:
597:
596:
593:
592:
591:
590:
589:
588:
585:Mesomycetozoea
582:
577:
567:
557:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
521:Diaphoretickes
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
485:
484:
481:
480:
478:classification
472:
471:
464:
457:
449:
441:
440:
421:(4): 385–396.
404:
377:
335:
306:(2): 531–544.
283:
251:
250:
248:
245:
189:
188:
185:
174:
173:
167:
166:
159:
157:
153:
152:
149:
141:
139:
135:
134:
129:
127:
123:
122:
117:
115:
111:
110:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
67:
63:
62:
57:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1953:
1942:
1941:Holozoa stubs
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:¹traditional
1704:
1703:
1700:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Mantamonadida
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:Heterolobosea
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:Discicristata
1472:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1305:Viridiplantae
1302:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1226:Microheliella
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1167:
1166:Actinophryida
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:Stramenopiles
1074:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
996:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
963:
959:
953:
949:
943:
940:
939:
936:
933:
929:
923:
919:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
900:
896:
890:
887:
886:
884:
881:
876:
872:
868:
833:
832:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
792:
786:
783:
781:
780:Ichthyosporea
778:
776:
775:
770:
768:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
752:
746:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:Rotosphaerida
725:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
709:
706:
701:
695:
692:
690:
689:Apusomonadida
687:
686:
683:
680:
676:
670:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
614:
611:
606:
602:
598:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
554:
551:
549:
548:Stramenopiles
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
532:
529:
528:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
517:
514:
511:(major groups
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
491:
487:
486:
482:
477:
470:
465:
463:
458:
456:
451:
450:
447:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
400:
396:
393:(2): 71–131.
392:
388:
381:
373:
369:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
331:
327:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
288:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
257:
252:
244:
240:
238:
233:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
196:
183:
181:
175:
172:
171:Binomial name
168:
164:
163:
158:
155:
154:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
132:
131:Ministeriidae
128:
125:
124:
120:
116:
113:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
89:
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
53:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1881:expanding it
1870:
1855:
1748:
1722:
1717:paraphyletic
1612:
1593:
1575:
1544:Malawimonada
1524:Anaeromonada
1519:Anaeramoebae
1511:
1487:
1464:Tsukubamonas
1462:
1384:
1377:
1368:Charophyceae
1355:
1348:
1341:Streptophyta
1328:
1312:
1292:
1288:Rhodelphidia
1246:Palpitomonas
1244:
1224:
1213:Pancryptista
1158:
1151:
1088:
1055:
1043:
1023:
993:
988:Foraminifera
986:
829:
772:
766:Tunicaraptor
764:
731:
705:Opisthokonta
641:
570:Opisthokonta
418:
414:
407:
390:
386:
380:
353:
349:
338:
303:
299:
272:(1): 67–95.
269:
265:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
206:
204:
194:
193:
192:
179:
177:
161:
160:
143:
142:
119:Ministeriida
90:(unranked):
78:(unranked):
71:Opisthokonta
66:(unranked):
40:
24:
18:
1608:Chitinozoan
1534:Parabasalia
1386:Embryophyta
1350:Chlorokybus
1330:Chlorophyta
1278:Glaucophyta
1252:Cryptophyta
1142:Pirsoniales
1109:Bicosoecida
1090:Platysulcus
1063:Perkinsozoa
1045:Apicomplexa
1018:Colponemida
785:Pluriformea
654:Archamoebea
643:Eumycetozoa
227:M. marisola
1926:Filasterea
1920:Categories
1689:Rigifilida
1588:Acritarchs
1513:Barthelona
1504:Metamonada
1489:Euglenozoa
1357:Mesostigma
1313:sensu lato
1294:Rhodophyta
1153:Ochrophyta
1114:Placidozoa
1025:Ciliophora
995:Radiolaria
912:Haptophyta
807:Filasterea
719:Holomycota
247:References
237:Ministeria
223:M. vibrans
211:Filasterea
186:Tong, 1997
144:Ministeria
107:Filasterea
1764:Q18679113
1529:Fornicata
1435:Excavates
1237:Cryptista
1160:Oomycetes
1137:Developea
1119:Sagenista
1006:Alveolata
942:Telonemia
817:Choanozoa
694:Breviatea
637:Tubulinea
624:Amoebozoa
565:Amoebozoa
543:Alveolata
531:Cryptista
506:Eukaryota
476:Eukaryote
200:filopodia
156:Species:
59:Eukaryota
1804:10816915
1758:Wikidata
1711:protists
1707:kingdoms
1595:Grypania
1557:Imasidae
1458:Jakobida
982:Endomyxa
977:Cercozoa
969:Rhizaria
899:Haptista
831:Animalia
774:Bicellum
649:Variosea
632:Discosea
610:Amorphea
560:Amorphea
538:Rhizaria
526:Hacrobia
516:Excavata
501:Bacteria
435:31493690
372:26365255
330:21771718
126:Family:
54:Domain:
1873:Holozoa
1791:7816607
1446:Discoba
1311:Plants
1283:Picozoa
1129:Gyrista
1036:Myzozoa
889:Provora
795:Filozoa
751:Holozoa
659:Cutosea
575:Animals
496:Archaea
415:Protist
387:Ophelia
321:3350318
219:Metazoa
138:Genus:
114:Order:
102:Class:
95:Filozoa
83:Holozoa
1843:118061
1830:787809
1817:134558
1719:groups
1101:Bigyra
675:Obazoa
553:Plants
490:Domain
433:
370:
328:
318:
1871:This
1838:WoRMS
1799:IRMNG
1778:38061
1773:EUNIS
1671:CRuMs
733:Fungi
580:Fungi
1877:stub
1812:NCBI
1786:GBIF
1723:bold
928:TSAR
431:PMID
368:PMID
326:PMID
225:and
217:and
1202:CAM
958:SAR
423:doi
419:170
395:doi
358:doi
316:PMC
308:doi
274:doi
1922::
1840::
1827::
1814::
1801::
1788::
1775::
1760::
429:.
417:.
391:47
389:.
366:.
354:25
352:.
348:.
324:.
314:.
304:29
302:.
298:.
286:^
270:73
268:.
255:^
1908:e
1901:t
1894:v
1883:.
1715:*
1606:†
1600:†
1592:†
1586:†
1437:*
1389:¹
1316:)
1309:(
1020:*
834:¹
771:†
736:¹
587:)
468:e
461:t
454:v
437:.
425::
401:.
397::
374:.
360::
332:.
310::
280:.
276::
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