3401:
3390:
191:
The
Catholic Church identifies five ecclesial vocations, three of which are ordained. Theologians and lay ecclesial ministers are not necessarily ordained, while bishops, presbyters, and deacons are ordained. While only the latter are considered clergy by the Catholic Church, all are considered
264:), although the priest is the minister, the only minister, since there are no extraordinary ministers of this sacrament, he must have been granted by the law itself or by a competent authority the faculty to celebrate this sacrament validly for the person to whom he imparts absolution.
335:
priests who are equivalent in law to a diocesan bishop for their subjects, or who legitimately baptise or receive into the Church an adult, or who are acting in danger of death for the person being confirmed or who have been specifically granted the faculty by the diocesan bishop
527:
A role of the instituted lector is to proclaim the readings (except the Gospel) in liturgical celebrations. The instituted lector should do this even if ministers of higher rank are present. Other lay people do these readings at Mass in "the absence of an instituted lector".
485:
While the approved
English translations of the liturgical books of the Catholic Church's Roman Rite use the terms "instituted acolytes" and "instituted lectors" some translations refer to them as "installed". For example, the translation on the Vatican's website of the 2019
188:, usually including graduate studies in theology or divinity, and then exercising some leadership role in the community. In common usage, when someone refers to a "minister of the church" they are referring to any one of these "professional" ministers.
421:
none; licit only if the bishop is ordaining his own subjects who are of the same rite or those who have been given dimissorial letters, and only if the bishop is ordaining in his own territory or with the permission of the local bishop
435:
none; invalid if contracted other than before the local ordinary or parish priest or a priest or deacon delegated by them and before two witnesses (some exceptions to this condition are envisaged in canon law)
516:, says that in ceremonies where are bishop presides it is fitting that instituted acolytes and instituted lectors carry out their functions – rather than by those who have not been instituted. The 2004
282:
Below is a table outlining each sacrament, its ordinary ministers, and its extraordinary ministers (if any), with stipulations regarding its exercise by extraordinary ministers in parentheses.
582:
2077:
1914:
216:. This is not an office or position but instead a function that different kinds of people may perform, depending on the sacrament. There are two kinds of ministers in this sense. The
98:
The
Catholic Church calls people to the responsible stewardship of their time and talent in support of the Catholic Church. This often takes the form of volunteering for a specific
698:
1129:
157:
who serve during Mass and/or who take Holy
Communion to the sick and homebound, and ushers or ministers of hospitality who direct the seating and procession of the assembly.
1235:
1311:
918:
599:. On this day, Pope Francis held a ceremony during which he installed six women as instituted lectors, and three women as instituted catechists, along with some men.
1669:
3084:
1072:
943:
240:
another bishop without pontifical mandate exercises illicitly the spiritual power to consecrate him. While bishops, priests and deacons are ordinary ministers of
1699:
570:
1210:
765:
1023:
477:, both men and women can become instituted lectors and acolytes, and catechist has been turned into an instituted ministry and is available for both sexes.
3004:
461:
608:
383:
none; invalid if done by a layperson or by a priest without faculties (which the law provides for any priest absolving someone who is in danger of death)
2102:
173:
2569:
220:
of a sacrament, who is the standard or normal minister of that sacrament, has the spiritual power to administer it (i.e., the person's sacrament is
1355:
1265:
2890:
1185:
550:
so that both men and women could become instituted lectors and acolytes. Previously, only men were allowed to be instituted in those ministries.
3282:
3069:
2072:
1409:
410:
none; licit only by papal mandate and, if there are no co-consecrators, by papal dispensation, but still valid without these authorisations
248:
ordained as a priest is a minister of the
Eucharist. If a priest is, for some reason, debarred and yet celebrates the Eucharist, he does so
1952:
1284:
2621:
2364:
1902:
3277:
2306:
2209:
146:
1038:
De institutione
Lectorum et Acolythorum; De admissione inter candidatos ad Diaconatum et Presbyteratum; De sacro caelibatu amplectendo
3242:
3104:
2022:
271:
of a sacrament is someone, other than an ordinary minister, officially authorized to administer a sacrament by the law itself (as an
1137:
1617:
276:
154:
3425:
3189:
2283:
1243:
1517:
1512:
524:, n. 113, says: "The bishop should promote the ministries of lector and acolyte, which may be conferred upon male laypersons".
375:
337:
257:
249:
245:
229:
221:
169:
1159:
3221:
3169:
1801:
1327:
3159:
2895:
1413:
1348:
1024:
https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio-20190930_aperuit-illis.html
3199:
3029:
1937:
1684:
2858:
2355:
1964:
1689:
1103:
1059:
1008:
510:
237:
43:
17:
2841:
2443:
2090:
1924:
1375:
83:
46:, who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church. It is not a particular office or rank of
506:
containing a liturgical ceremony for the installation of instituted lectors and instituted acolytes, was published.
3430:
3355:
2903:
2656:
2601:
2466:
2201:
2197:
1942:
1727:
1674:
543:
253:
225:
185:
75:
1312:"Letter to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences on the Rite of Institution of Catechists (3 December 2021)"
3364:
2706:
2681:
2646:
2641:
2606:
2486:
2085:
1969:
1559:
1522:
1405:
1385:
1341:
3302:
3014:
2701:
2671:
2651:
2591:
2381:
2097:
1635:
1627:
1539:
1400:
1380:
538:
233:
979:, Catholic Truth Society, 2010, ISBN 9781860827303, page 57, n. 98 and 101; page 90, n. 279; page 105, n. 336.
2676:
2666:
1992:
1863:
1761:
1458:
47:
3257:
3228:
3211:
3119:
2731:
2696:
2686:
2264:
2245:
2107:
1858:
1771:
205:
370:
other laity deputed for the purpose (licit when not enough or no clergy or instituted acolytes available)
3267:
2017:
1885:
1754:
497:
has "Bishops could celebrate the Rite of
Installation of Lectors or a similar commissioning of readers".
427:
3184:
2982:
2636:
2288:
2254:
2213:
3374:
3320:
2991:
2941:
2631:
2586:
1694:
906:
686:
3404:
3340:
3262:
3233:
2853:
2848:
2726:
2626:
2611:
2596:
2438:
2259:
2149:
2067:
1891:
1868:
1819:
1492:
517:
54:
may be used as a collective term for vocational or professional pastoral leaders including clergy (
317:
in emergencies, any person with the right intention, even if not baptised (in other circumstances
3325:
2957:
2918:
2885:
2331:
2311:
2179:
2057:
2007:
1786:
1587:
1527:
995:, Liturgical Press, Minnesota, 1989, ISBN 0-8146-1875-8, page xxviii, n. 18(d); page xxxi, n. 38.
575:
24:
987:, vol: I, Collins Liturgical Australia, 1983, ISBN 0 00 599764-X, "General Introduction", n. 54.
3394:
3335:
3330:
2964:
2770:
2691:
2616:
2496:
2174:
2062:
2002:
1679:
1567:
287:
209:
71:
16:"Catholic minister" redirects here. For other senses of the term used in various churches, see
971:, vol: II, Liturgical Press, 1991, ISBN 0-8146-6037-1, page 104, Institution of Readers, n. 3.
3099:
2926:
2351:
2132:
1997:
1843:
1549:
1487:
1446:
1431:
388:
213:
31:
2503:
2472:
2369:
2250:
2164:
2044:
1947:
1664:
1659:
1582:
1532:
1463:
1441:
261:
8:
3292:
3194:
2987:
2971:
2491:
2401:
1852:
1796:
1744:
1645:
1607:
589:
502:
134:
3312:
3129:
1987:
1979:
1722:
1423:
1390:
314:
in the absence of clergy, a catechist or other person designated by the local ordinary
3272:
2508:
1833:
1713:
1480:
1436:
1099:
1055:
1004:
318:
3134:
2908:
2870:
2828:
2756:
2751:
2718:
2525:
2458:
2421:
2416:
2396:
2391:
2316:
2169:
2159:
2119:
1650:
1468:
1451:
944:"Pope Francis admits women to ministries of lector and acolyte in new motu proprio"
930:
871:
626:
592:
448:
365:
272:
2374:
168:
teachers and teachers at
Catholic schools), dismissal leaders (ministers who lead
38:
is used with various meanings. Most commonly, the word refers to a person, either
3369:
3252:
3109:
3074:
2880:
2875:
2800:
2795:
2736:
2661:
2411:
2341:
1873:
1814:
1364:
910:
690:
150:
894:
883:
856:
845:
834:
823:
812:
801:
790:
779:
754:
743:
732:
721:
710:
682:
659:
648:
637:
3287:
3216:
3064:
2999:
2785:
2775:
2761:
2746:
2426:
2321:
2205:
2184:
1718:
1597:
1572:
1544:
1475:
585:
published a liturgical rite for the installation of instituted lay catechists.
559:
241:
130:
115:
39:
1130:"UPDATE: Pope amends canon law so women can be installed as lectors, acolytes"
204:
The other kind of minister in
Catholic parlance is a person who administers a
3419:
3179:
3139:
3024:
2946:
2931:
2780:
2741:
2547:
2431:
2228:
1897:
1612:
493:
165:
111:
3154:
3089:
3019:
3009:
2936:
2836:
2805:
2581:
2530:
2298:
2240:
2137:
1908:
1825:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1577:
1504:
914:
867:
694:
547:
533:
488:
474:
470:
466:
456:
327:
138:
107:
99:
1073:"Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops "Apostolorum Successores""
3350:
3206:
3079:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3034:
2336:
2271:
2127:
2052:
2030:
1878:
1640:
1602:
874:
and can be conferred on their subjects by some clergy who are not bishops
401:
86:, as part of some offices, and with reference to the exercise of the lay
67:
1266:"Pope confers lay ministries on women, formalising recognition of roles"
609:
Christianity in the 1st century#Ministry and eschatological expectations
3044:
3039:
2863:
2790:
2406:
2326:
1957:
596:
588:
On 23 January 2022, Pope
Francis installed for the first time women as
103:
87:
79:
1285:"For first time, Pope Francis installs women in two church ministries"
1036:
473:, creating "instituted ministries" in their stead. Since 2021, in the
3149:
3144:
3114:
2810:
2573:
2557:
2542:
2386:
2276:
2154:
2144:
2012:
1791:
917:
is, the ordinary minister is a priest with proper jurisdiction (see
562:
345:
161:
126:
1118:, Catholic Truth Society, 2010, ISBN 9781860827303, page 57, n. 101.
583:
Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
340:
if administered by other priests or by persons who are not priests)
3389:
3297:
3124:
2223:
1592:
1236:"Pope confers ministries of lector, catechist on lay women and men"
172:
catechumens on Sundays), retreat leaders, youth group leaders, and
1333:
3094:
1932:
1806:
1749:
1186:"Vatican liturgy office issues guidelines for catechist ministry"
452:
306:
142:
63:
59:
1211:"Vatican produces liturgical rite for institution of catechists"
50:, as is the case in some other Christian organisations; rather,
3247:
2552:
2537:
2481:
2448:
260:. However, in the case of the sacrament of Reconciliation (the
122:
55:
3345:
2513:
2477:
870:(now called ministries) are not classified as holy orders in
558:
In May 2021, Pope Francis created the instituted ministry of
931:
Code of Canon Law, "The Form of the Celebration of Marriage"
2518:
2237:
1062:, page 24, n. 28 and page 25, n. 31, the last sentences.
23:
For the broader concept of minister in Christianity, see
1160:"Pope establishes ministry of catechist - Vatican News"
697:
is, deacons are not normally authorised to baptise (
368:(licit when not enough or no clergy are available)
919:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 828
699:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 677
3417:
480:
199:
1349:
354:none; always invalid if attempted by others
284:
3278:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
1356:
1342:
1282:
196:in the professional and vocational sense.
153:and music ministers who lead the singing,
1183:
465:(1972; taking effect on 1 January 1973),
155:extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion
1263:
1208:
442:
279:) or by being deputed for this purpose.
277:extraordinary minister of holy communion
671:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
553:
184:Some persons within the church receive
74:). It is also used in reference to the
3418:
1737:
1233:
1184:Brockhaus, Hannah (13 December 2021).
1127:
179:
1337:
941:
396:none; invalid if done by anyone else
125:(ministers of the Word) who proclaim
1283:San MartĂn, InĂ©s (23 January 2022).
1264:Pullella, Philip (23 January 2022).
1041:. Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis. 1972.
942:Mares, Courtney (January 11, 2021).
228:authority to administer it (i.e., a
160:Catechetical lay ministries include
1363:
1011:, page 25, n. 31; page 220, n. 802.
13:
1304:
1209:Cernuzio, Salvatore (2021-12-13).
1121:
935:
121:Liturgical lay ministries include
18:Catholic minister (disambiguation)
14:
3442:
1128:Wooden, Cindy (11 January 2021).
660:Code of Canon Law, canons 965-966
500:In 1972, an official part of the
3400:
3399:
3388:
3356:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
2904:Criticism of the Catholic Church
909:, which are as much part of the
872:Code of Canon Law, canon 1009 §1
813:Code of Canon Law, canon 1003 §1
415:Holy Orders (priest and deacon)
93:
1523:First seven ecumenical councils
1276:
1257:
1227:
1202:
1177:
1152:
1109:
1089:
1065:
1045:
1029:
1016:
960:
924:
899:
888:
877:
861:
850:
839:
828:
817:
806:
795:
784:
773:
759:
755:Code of Canon Law, canon 900 §1
748:
737:
649:Code of Canon Law, canon 901 §2
638:Code of Canon Law, canon 900 §1
469:abolished minor orders and the
359:Distribution of Holy Communion
286:Ministers of Sacraments in the
3426:Catholic ecclesiastical titles
2098:Separation of church and state
726:
715:
711:Code of Canon Law, canon 861.2
704:
676:
664:
653:
642:
631:
620:
256:), but the Eucharist is still
208:, meaning that he or she is a
1:
895:Code of Canon Law, canon 1017
884:Code of Canon Law, canon 1015
857:Code of Canon Law, canon 1012
846:Code of Canon Law, canon 1014
835:Code of Canon Law, canon 1013
614:
481:Instituted lector and acolyte
1234:Wooden, Cindy (2022-01-23).
802:Code of Canon Law, canon 976
791:Code of Canon Law, canon 966
780:Code of Canon Law, canon 965
744:Code of Canon Law, canon 884
733:Code of Canon Law, canon 883
722:Code of Canon Law, canon 882
683:Code of Canon Law, canon 861
627:Code of Canon Law, canon 910
244:, only someone who has been
7:
602:
542:, Pope Francis changed the
362:clergy (including deacons)
224:), but not necessarily the
200:Ministers of the sacraments
10:
3447:
3395:Catholic Church portal
1098:, Liturgical Press, 1989,
1054:, Liturgical Press, 1989,
1003:, Liturgical Press, 1989,
531:In January 2021, with the
22:
15:
3383:
3321:Aid to the Church in Need
3311:
3168:
2981:
2942:Vatican Television Center
2917:
2827:
2717:
2587:Eastern Catholic Churches
2568:
2457:
2350:
2297:
2222:
2193:
2118:
2043:
1978:
1923:
1842:
1712:
1626:
1558:
1503:
1422:
1399:
1371:
985:Lectionary: Study Edition
907:Eastern Catholic Churches
687:Eastern Catholic Churches
3263:Communion and Liberation
2727:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1892:Mystici Corporis Christi
1820:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
767:Redemptionis sacramentum
689:, which are part of the
581:. In December 2021, the
518:Congregation for Bishops
301:Extraordinary ministers
3431:Catholic liturgical law
2078:Philosophy of canon law
2008:Mariology of the saints
1588:Investiture Controversy
522:Apostolorum Successores
290:of the Catholic Church
174:Scout religious emblems
72:lay ecclesial ministers
25:Minister (Christianity)
3331:Catholic Charities USA
2965:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
2953:Vatican Polyglot Press
2003:Mariology of the popes
1641:Protestant Reformation
288:Latin liturgical rites
269:extraordinary minister
133:) passages during the
3085:Good Shepherd Sisters
2927:Holy See Press Office
2165:Doctors of the Church
1998:Immaculate Conception
1953:Anointing of the Sick
1488:History of the papacy
1328:press release version
1240:Catholic News Service
1134:Catholic News Service
1096:Ceremonial of Bishops
1052:Ceremonial of Bishops
1026:accessed 7 July 2022.
1001:Ceremonial of Bishops
685:and note that in the
514:Ceremonial of Bishops
443:Instituted ministries
389:Anointing of the Sick
32:Roman Catholic Church
2958:L'Osservatore Romano
2896:Role in civilisation
2622:Croatian and Serbian
2370:Episcopal conference
2332:St. Peter's Basilica
1690:Sexual abuse scandal
1646:Catholic Reformation
1190:Catholic News Agency
948:Catholic News Agency
571:Antiquum ministerium
554:Instituted catechist
262:Sacrament of Penance
232:sacrament). Thus, a
102:, most of which are
3293:Neocatechumenal Way
3258:Charismatic Renewal
2972:Annuario Pontificio
2570:Particular churches
2246:Ecumenical councils
2018:Perpetual virginity
1853:Communitas perfecta
1797:Sermon on the Mount
1246:on January 23, 2022
1140:on January 11, 2021
503:Pontificale Romanum
298:Ordinary ministers
291:
180:Ecclesial ministers
135:Liturgy of the Word
3130:Premonstratensians
1513:Ante-Nicene period
1391:Lists of Catholics
1164:www.vaticannews.va
462:Ministeria quaedam
366:instituted acolyte
285:
273:instituted acolyte
82:administration of
66:) and non-clergy (
3413:
3412:
2823:
2822:
2216:
2039:
2038:
1731:
1708:
1707:
1700:COVID-19 pandemic
1670:French Revolution
1660:Thirty Years' War
1568:Islamic conquests
1481:Apostolic fathers
1416:
1106:, page 25, n. 30.
993:Book of Blessings
905:Note that in the
440:
439:
432:husband and wife
393:bishop or priest
380:bishop or priest
351:bishop or priest
319:illicit but valid
218:ordinary minister
110:, or involved in
3438:
3403:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3135:Redemptoristines
2983:Religious orders
2909:Anti-Catholicism
2859:Church buildings
2719:Catholic liturgy
2459:Consecrated life
2317:Apostolic Palace
2284:Synod of Bishops
2220:
2219:
2196:
1802:Ten Commandments
1735:
1734:
1717:
1618:Age of Discovery
1452:Great Commission
1420:
1419:
1404:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1242:. Archived from
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1136:. Archived from
1125:
1119:
1116:The Roman Missal
1113:
1107:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1069:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
977:The Roman Missal
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
939:
933:
928:
922:
903:
897:
892:
886:
881:
875:
865:
859:
854:
848:
843:
837:
832:
826:
821:
815:
810:
804:
799:
793:
788:
782:
777:
771:
763:
757:
752:
746:
741:
735:
730:
724:
719:
713:
708:
702:
680:
674:
668:
662:
657:
651:
646:
640:
635:
629:
624:
579:
455:were previously
292:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3387:
3379:
3358:
3341:Relief Services
3307:
3253:Catholic Action
3243:Military orders
3180:Confraternities
3172:of the faithful
3171:
3164:
2986:
2977:
2913:
2819:
2713:
2572:
2564:
2497:Prior, Prioress
2453:
2346:
2342:Vatican Museums
2293:
2226:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2114:
2068:Social teaching
2035:
1974:
1919:
1874:One true church
1838:
1815:Sixtine Vulgate
1811:Official Bible
1725:
1721:
1716:
1704:
1622:
1554:
1499:
1469:Petrine primacy
1412:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1367:
1365:Catholic Church
1362:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1307:
1305:Further reading
1302:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1277:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
965:
961:
952:
950:
940:
936:
929:
925:
911:Catholic Church
904:
900:
893:
889:
882:
878:
866:
862:
855:
851:
844:
840:
833:
829:
822:
818:
811:
807:
800:
796:
789:
785:
778:
774:
764:
760:
753:
749:
742:
738:
731:
727:
720:
716:
709:
705:
693:as much as the
691:Catholic Church
681:
677:
669:
665:
658:
654:
647:
643:
636:
632:
625:
621:
617:
605:
573:
556:
539:Spiritus Domini
511:liturgical book
483:
447:The offices of
445:
369:
348:(consecration)
315:
212:of sacramental
202:
182:
145:who assist the
96:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Legion of Mary
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3217:Lay Carmelites
3214:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3065:Conceptionists
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Assumptionists
2996:
2994:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
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2906:
2901:
2898:
2893:
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2878:
2873:
2868:
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2866:
2856:
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2833:
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2825:
2824:
2821:
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2816:
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2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2702:Syro-Malankara
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Italo-Albanian
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Lateran Treaty
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2248:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Moral theology
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
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1917:
1912:
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1876:
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1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1573:Pope Gregory I
1570:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1545:Biblical canon
1542:
1540:Late antiquity
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:Church fathers
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1410:Ecclesiastical
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1316:www.vatican.va
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1275:
1256:
1226:
1201:
1176:
1151:
1120:
1108:
1104:978-0814618189
1088:
1077:www.vatican.va
1064:
1060:978-0814618189
1044:
1028:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1009:978-0814618189
997:
996:
989:
988:
981:
980:
973:
972:
959:
934:
923:
898:
887:
876:
860:
849:
838:
827:
816:
805:
794:
783:
772:
758:
747:
736:
725:
714:
703:
675:
663:
652:
641:
630:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
604:
601:
555:
552:
482:
479:
444:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
428:Holy Matrimony
424:
423:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
398:
397:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
378:
376:Reconciliation
372:
371:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
342:
341:
333:
330:
324:
323:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
296:
252:(i.e. against
242:holy communion
201:
198:
181:
178:
149:at the altar,
116:social justice
95:
92:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3443:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:Home Missions
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:Saint Francis
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Saint Dominic
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
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3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
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3088:
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3083:
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3076:
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3063:
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3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Bethlehemites
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:Vatican Radio
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:Vatican Media
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
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2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
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2285:
2282:
2278:
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2274:
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2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:List of popes
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Mother of God
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:People of God
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:Infallibility
1884:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
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1813:
1812:
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1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Body and soul
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Enlightenment
1663:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:Protestantism
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Scholasticism
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Schism (1378)
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Schism (1054)
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
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1460:
1457:
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1448:
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1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
966:
963:
949:
945:
938:
932:
927:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
896:
891:
885:
880:
873:
869:
864:
858:
853:
847:
842:
836:
831:
825:
820:
814:
809:
803:
798:
792:
787:
781:
776:
770:
768:
762:
756:
751:
745:
740:
734:
729:
723:
718:
712:
707:
700:
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3105:Mercedarians
3090:Hieronymites
3035:Camaldoleses
3020:Benedictines
3010:Augustinians
2970:
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2937:Vatican News
2891:Distinctions
2697:Syro-Malabar
2582:Latin Church
2504:Grand master
2402:Metropolitan
2299:Vatican City
2194:Organisation
2073:Philosophers
1938:Confirmation
1915:In canon law
1909:Subsistit in
1907:
1903:Three states
1890:
1851:
1844:Ecclesiology
1826:Nova Vulgata
1824:
1782:Original sin
1777:Nicene Creed
1767:Divine grace
1726:
1608:Universities
1578:Papal States
1505:Great Church
1447:Resurrection
1424:Early Church
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3365:Health care
3351:Pax Christi
3303:Schoenstatt
3268:Sant'Egidio
3100:Legionaries
3080:Franciscans
3055:Cistercians
3050:Carthusians
3005:Annonciades
2864:Altarpieces
2757:West Syriac
2752:East Syriac
2732:Alexandrian
2356:Holy orders
2337:Swiss Guard
2277:Dicasteries
2272:Roman Curia
2170:Evangelists
2128:Holy Family
2063:Personalism
2053:Natural law
2031:Josephology
1965:Holy orders
1603:Inquisition
1560:Middle Ages
1550:Monasticism
1518:Constantine
1442:Crucifixion
574: [
402:Holy Orders
311:any clergy
238:consecrates
68:theologians
34:, the term
3420:Categories
3120:Oratorians
3075:Dominicans
3045:Carmelites
3040:Camillians
2988:institutes
2801:Tridentine
2737:Antiochian
2657:Macedonian
2602:Belarusian
2492:Provincial
2407:Archbishop
2327:Roman Rota
2289:Properties
2214:By country
2210:Precedence
2175:Confessors
2155:Archangels
2145:Patriarchs
2045:Philosophy
2023:Veneration
1988:Assumption
1958:Last rites
1925:Sacraments
1869:Four marks
1680:Vatican II
1628:Modern era
1464:Succession
1321:2023-06-08
1294:2022-01-24
1250:2022-01-24
1220:2023-06-08
1195:2023-06-08
1170:2022-01-04
1144:12 January
1082:2022-07-07
953:2021-01-11
824:Canon 1012
615:References
597:catechists
590:instituted
520:guideline
295:Sacrament
162:catechists
127:scriptural
104:liturgical
88:apostolate
84:sacraments
80:liturgical
3361:See also:
3313:Charities
3222:Discalced
3150:Trappists
3145:Theatines
3115:Olivetans
3060:Clarisses
3030:Blue nuns
3015:Basilians
2992:societies
2900:See also:
2786:Mozarabic
2776:Ambrosian
2762:Malankara
2747:Byzantine
2707:Ukrainian
2682:Ruthenian
2647:Hungarian
2632:Ethiopian
2607:Bulgarian
2574:sui iuris
2558:Postulant
2467:Religious
2422:Auxiliary
2417:Coadjutor
2387:Patriarch
2255:Cardinals
2202:Canon law
2198:Hierarchy
2180:Disciples
2103:Relations
2091:Evolution
2082:See also:
2027:See also:
1980:Mariology
1970:Matrimony
1943:Eucharist
1864:Ecumenism
1792:Salvation
1728:Catechism
1723:Tradition
1685:Communism
1533:Chalcedon
969:The Rites
769:, 88, 155
565:with the
563:catechist
544:canon law
509:The 1984
404:(bishop)
346:Eucharist
254:canon law
250:illicitly
226:canonical
206:sacrament
194:ministers
186:formation
76:canonical
3405:Category
3298:Opus Dei
3283:Scouting
3273:Focolare
3140:Servites
3125:Piarists
3070:Crosiers
2806:Anglican
2742:Armenian
2672:Romanian
2662:Maronite
2637:Georgian
2627:Eritrean
2612:Chaldean
2597:Armenian
2592:Albanian
2473:Superior
2432:Emeritus
2412:Diocesan
2265:Advisers
2224:Holy See
2150:Prophets
2108:Politics
1879:Catholic
1859:Councils
1714:Theology
1593:Crusades
1528:Nicaea I
1459:Apostles
1437:Ministry
1406:Timeline
1386:Glossary
1022:n. 3 of
603:See also
147:presider
143:acolytes
52:minister
44:ordained
36:minister
3370:Schools
3326:Caritas
3234:Secular
3200:Workers
3095:Jesuits
2881:Museums
2876:Library
2854:Writers
2849:Artists
2829:Culture
2796:Paul VI
2677:Russian
2667:Melkite
2509:Brother
2487:General
2427:Titular
2397:Primate
2375:Eparchy
2365:Diocese
2312:Outline
2251:College
2241:Francis
2185:Virgins
2160:Martyrs
2086:Science
1993:History
1948:Penance
1933:Baptism
1834:Worship
1807:Vulgate
1755:Kingdom
1750:Trinity
1738:General
1493:Primacy
1401:History
1381:Outline
1270:Reuters
913:as the
593:lectors
546:of the
459:; with
453:acolyte
418:bishop
407:bishop
338:invalid
332:bishop
307:Baptism
246:validly
210:conduit
151:cantors
123:lectors
64:priests
60:deacons
56:bishops
30:In the
3248:Fimcap
3190:Marian
3110:Minims
2842:Marian
2692:Syriac
2687:Slovak
2617:Coptic
2553:Oblate
2548:Master
2543:Novice
2538:Hermit
2526:Sister
2482:Abbess
2449:Deacon
2444:Priest
2439:Parish
2382:Bishop
2352:Polity
2138:Joseph
2120:Saints
1787:Saints
1675:Nazism
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449:lector
275:is an
234:bishop
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3346:CIDSE
3195:Youth
2919:Media
2886:Music
2811:Zaire
2791:Roman
2781:Braga
2771:Latin
2642:Greek
2514:Friar
2478:Abbot
2392:Major
2307:Index
2206:Laity
1772:Dogma
1719:Bible
1695:Islam
1651:Trent
1432:Jesus
1414:Legal
1376:Index
673:, 162
578:]
258:valid
230:licit
222:valid
214:grace
131:Bible
129:(the
2871:Folk
2519:Monk
2260:List
2238:Pope
2133:Mary
1289:Crux
1146:2021
1100:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1005:ISBN
595:and
236:who
170:RCIA
141:and
114:and
78:and
70:and
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2531:Nun
2253:of
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560:lay
267:An
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