156:
36:
385:. With the expansion of Ma’īn as far as the Red Sea they were also able to carry out sea trade. At the end of the 2nd century BCE Ma’īn found itself under the rule of Qatabān, but after the collapse of the Qatabānian Empire a few centuries later, the Minaean kingdom fell too. The area was under Sabaean rule at the latest by the time the Roman general
433:
The order of succession and the dates of individual
Minaean kings is extremely uncertain; the following table presents the reconstruction of Kenneth A. Kitchen. It should however be pointed out that the reconstruction of Hermann von Wissmann deviates from this considerably, and is just as probable.
420:
The
Minaeans had a different social structure to the rest of the Old South Arabians. Their king was the only one involved in lawmaking, along with a council of elders, who in Ma'īn represented the priesthood as well as families of high social class. The Minaeans were divided into groups of various
878:
349:. Only in about 400 BCE were the Minaeans able to ally themselves to Ḥaḑramawt and free themselves from direct Saba’ rule. In the 4th century both Ma’īn and Ḥaḑramawt were ruled by the same family, a close relationship that broke up again probably in the second half of the same century (
853:
Le madhabien: lexique, onomastique et grammaire d'une langue de l'Arabie méridionale préislamique. Vol. 4: Réexamen de la chronologie des rois de Ma'in d'après les nouvelles donnéées
361:(near modern Ma’īn). The kingdom enjoyed its golden age in the 3rd century BCE when it was able to extend its influence all along the incense trail due to the conquest of
333:
Nothing is known about the early history of this north Yemeni kingdom. The region later to be known as Ma’īn first enters history at the time of the
Sabaean mukarrib
425:, appointed once every two years, who was in charge of one or sometimes all of the trading posts. The reason for this difference in social structure is unknown.
337:, and at that time consisted of a number of small city-states, which were under very strong Sabaean influence. The inscriptions from the city-state of
895:
834:
325:), the Sabaeans to the south-east of them, the Qatabānians to the south-east of the Sabaeans, and the Ḥaḑramites further east still.
863:
The World of
Ancient Arabia Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework & Historical Sources.
772:
397:
The
Minaeans, like some other Arabian and Yemenite kingdoms of the same period, were involved in the extremely lucrative
100:
942:
904:
886:
845:
827:
807:
374:
119:
72:
816:
417:; there is also a brief account of how war between the Egyptians and Syrians interrupted the trade for a while.
79:
373:. From the time of Waqah'il Sadiq I. (sources differ on when this golden age was, by as much as two centuries;
186:
57:
409:. Inscriptions found in Qanāwu mention a number of major caravan stations along the trading route, including
377:
has it a during 360 BCE, while
Kenneth A. Kitchen dates it to c. 190–175 BCE) Minaean rule reached as far as
86:
937:
702:
345:
impact. The
Kingdom of Ma’īn emerged in the 6th century BCE, but then found itself under the rule of
68:
53:
381:. The extent of their long-distance trade is also shown by the presence of Minaean merchants in the
947:
697:
155:
46:
321:. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north-west (in
289:
761:
341:, which date from this time, exhibit Minaean linguistic features, alongside the significant
896:
Aufstieg und
Niedergang der Römischen Welt. II. Principat. Ninth Volume, First Half Volume
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Koninklijke
Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België
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712:
314:
917:
783:
931:
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386:
338:
402:
306:
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299:
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284:, dating back to the 6th century BCE. It was located along the strip of
382:
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The
Minaean people were one of four ancient Yemeni groups mentioned by
20:
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378:
35:
802:, translated Rebecca Thompson. London: Stacey International, 2002.
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310:
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206:
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Die Geschichte des Sabäerreiches und der Feldzug des Aelius Gallus
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350–300 BCE). The next capital of the kingdom was Yathill (modern
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166:
410:
362:
285:
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281:
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680:
Vassal of the Qatabānian king Shahr Yigal Yuhargib II.
741:
This date is in accordance with the 'Long Chronology'
19:"Ma'in" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see
456:
Author of the first known Minaean royal inscription
389:
waged a military campaign in the area in 25/24 BCE.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
592:The first evidence of rule over the incense route
873:Paléographie des Inscriptions sud-arabes, Vol. I.
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421:sizes, led by a very high official called the
302:, which is now known as Ramlat al-Sab'atayn.
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881:. Klasse der Letteren. Verhandeling Nr. 26
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636:Coregent for a time with his predecessor
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
616:First king with inscriptions from Dedan
820:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
655:Last king with inscriptions from Dedan
930:
838:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1996
899:, De Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1976
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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254:people were the inhabitants of the
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626:At first coregent with his father
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23:. For the language, see
855:. Aix-en-Provence, 1993
798:Alessandro de Maigret.
877:Verhandelingen van de
309:. The others were the
236:• Disestablished
16:Ancient Yemeni kingdom
173:Common languages
887:Hermann von Wissmann
375:Hermann von Wissmann
54:improve this article
631:Waqah'il Sadiq II.
621:Abkarib III. Yitha
443:(Established) date
226:• Established
907:, pp. 308–544
869:Jacqueline Pirenne
859:Kenneth A. Kitchen
833:Andrey Korotayev.
611:Waqah'il Sadiq I.
573:Temple in Qarnāwu
541:Abyada III. Riyam
508:Abkarib II. Sadiq
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110:December 2018
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43:This article
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800:Arabia Felix
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597:Haufi'athat
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527:Tubba'karib
487:ca. 343 BCE
432:
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403:frankincense
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357:) and later
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323:Wādī al-Jawf
307:Eratosthenes
304:
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
918:Info Please
660:Hufn Riyam
578:Hufn Yitha
559:Abyada IV.
470:Hufn Sadiq
399:spice trade
319:Qatabānians
300:geographers
932:Categories
749:References
569:Built the
461:Abyada I.
315:Ḥaḑramites
203:Government
198:Minaean(s)
194:Demonym(s)
141:مملكة معين
80:newspapers
69:"Minaeans"
21:Main, Iran
183:Religion
692:See also
355:Baraqish
311:Sabaeans
294:medieval
207:Monarchy
718:Qataban
411:Yathrib
359:Qarnāwu
343:Sabaean
329:History
288:called
260:Minaean
252:Minaean
240:150 BCE
230:600 BCE
213:History
167:Qarnawu
163:Capital
94:scholar
903:
844:
826:
806:
383:Aegean
363:Najrān
290:Ṣayhad
286:desert
265:𐩣𐩲𐩬
216:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
729:Notes
708:Yemen
532:Hayu
503:Hufn
440:Name
429:Kings
423:kabīr
407:myrrh
393:Trade
379:Dedan
371:Ḥijāz
367:‘Asīr
347:Saba’
339:Ḥaram
282:Yemen
278:Maʿīn
269:Maʿīn
101:JSTOR
87:books
901:ISBN
842:ISBN
824:ISBN
804:ISBN
571:Rasf
415:Gaza
405:and
369:and
317:and
297:Arab
274:معين
250:The
73:news
292:by
56:by
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