536:"The President took our hands and promised us faithfully and encouraged us and he said we could live on our reservation for 10 years and if faithful to whites and behave ourselves friendly to whites you shall increase the number to 100 and you may increase it to 1,000 years if you are good Indians, and through your good behavior at the time of war (we were good and never raised our hands against the whites). The Secretary of the Interior and the President said that we should be considered good Indians and remain at Mille Lacs so long as we want. Shaw-Bosh-Kung"
30:
58:
518:, offering to fight the Sioux. Also that week, the Red Lake band offered to fight, too. In both 1863 and 1864, Article 12 in two Chippewa treaties acknowledged the Mille Lacs band and Sandy Lake band for voluntarily providing security to a U.S. military installation and the civilian town without compensation during an ongoing war. For that service, Lincoln repeated what Commissioner Dole had said, the Mille Lacs band could remain on their reservation for 1,000 years.12
67:
285:
277:
492:, asked that they return to their reservation. He told them they would be informed if they were needed. Dole told the Mille Lacs chiefs that they could remain on their reservation for 1000 years for their actions. However, war chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee, with 200 Mille Lacs warriors, remained at the fort, as did 100 from the Sandy Lake band.
514:. They wanted to join the government forces fighting the Sioux. Fort Ripley was informed, and Capt. Hall, the fort's commander, invited the Chippewa to come to the fort as guests of the State to await a decision on their offer. That same week, the Fond du Lac band sent a letter to Gov. Ramsey to forward to President
978:
The legislative branch of the Band's government, known as the Band
Assembly, consists of one Representative from each of the reservation's three districts and a Secretary/Treasurer who presides over the Band Assembly as its Speaker. Each Representative is elected by the people of his or her district
288:
The monument to the Mille Lacs band was dedicated in 1914 at the Fort
Ridgely site as it was frequented by the public. The Fort Ripley site was abandoned and unused so the monument was placed where it would be seen. It is the same size as the monument the state put up for troops of the
528:
In 1864, 20 Mille Lacs warriors offered to scout for
General Sibley's Dakota expedition. Sibley told them he already had some Ojibwe warriors and didn't need all 20, but he did accept a few. One of those scouts, Chief Kegg, became a historical figure in the Mille Lacs Band
1533:, Chapter 5, Reminiscences of Life among the Chippewa (Part III),"A Social History of the Mille Lacs Ojibwe 1640–1993", Anthony Godfrey, U.S. West Research, POB 2172, La Cross, WS, Minnesota Historical Society Contract #92-C-2763, 1973, p. 100-115
636:
The Chief
Executive, who is elected by Band members every four years, is the head of the executive branch and appoints commissioners who are ratified by the Band Assembly to oversee the various departments in the executive branch.
979:
to serve a four-year term in the Band
Assembly. Band members who live off the reservation select a home district and vote only for a Representative from that district. The Secretary/Treasurer is elected by all Band members.
1662:
Chapter 5, "Reminiscences of Life among the
Chippewa (Part III)", Anthony Godfrey, U.S. West Research, POB 2172, La Cross, WS, nd.com/media/pages/home/acbd991ef8-1664466816/a20social20history20of20the20band_compressed.pdf
1404:
620:
The Mille Lacs Band has a separation-of-powers form of government, making it one of the few Native
American governments with three branches of government, similar to the government structure of the United States.
1488:
1802:
1512:
Chief Hole-in-the Day and the 1862 Chippewa
Disturbance a Reappraisal, Mark Diedrich, Minnesota History Magazine, Spring 1987, p.194-5 Minnesota Historical Society, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN
1724:
Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee's widow
Legislation to provide a $ 120/year pension, The Princeton Union April 8, 1897, Minnesota Media hub, 2023, Minnesota Historical Society, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN,
503:
asked for protection. The town was 15 miles downriver from Fort Ripley. He sent 150 warriors. The town's woman prepared a welcome meal and the men smoked the peace pipe with the warriors.
1499:
425:. Many died as a result. By the end of the 19th century, only a few hundred Ojibwe remained on the Mille Lacs Reservation. At that time, pressing for their assimilation into European
398:. Some stayed and later competed with the Band for resources and to encroach on their land. Many settlers chose to ignore and violate the treaties the Mille Lacs Band made with the
2038:
2063:
540:
The news of Shaw-Bosh-Kung's passing in 1890 made the newspapers across the state. A few months later papers across the country and overseas remembered his wit,
1725:
1632:
1603:
1591:
1578:
2382:
1428:
1409:
453:
and forced to learn and speak
English, and virtually denied their right to govern themselves. Their traditional way of life was nearly impossible to follow.
1025:. The judicial branch includes the Chief Justice and the Court of Central Jurisdiction, which consists of three appellate justices and one district judge.
2319:
1367:
1534:
2015:
1468:
1423:
1776:
2073:
1342:
2068:
1933:
1337:
1841:
2159:
1327:
2500:
2443:
1376:
1332:
1022:
2048:
1942:
1577:
Chippewas on the War Path, Goodhue Republican Vol. 6 No. 3, Sept 12, 1863, Minnesota Historical Society, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN
569:
Over the next century, Ojibwe/Chippewa bands in the Mille Lacs region struggled with poverty and despair. With the passage of the 1934
982:
The current Secretary/Treasurer of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe is Sheldon Boyd, Speaker of the Band Assembly elected in April 2018.
2433:
1602:
News from Abercrombie, The St. Paul Daily, Sept. 9, 1862, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub, 2023, MNHS, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN
2078:
2088:
582:
1642:
Kegg, Mille Lacs scout for Sibley, Kegg's Message Helped Preserve Reservation, June 1, 2017, Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, 2023
1460:
141:
2344:
2008:
2314:
1714:
1699:
2490:
1926:
1613:
Article 12, 1863 & 1864: Land Cession Treaties with the Ojibwe (Mississippi, Pillager, Lake Winnibigoshish Bands),
1548:
532:
In 1875, Chief Shaw-Bosh-Kung described his 1863 meeting with Lincoln when interviewed at the Chippewa Indian Agency:
2423:
2152:
2448:
2053:
1836:
1684:
1673:
1398:
1297:
630:
2324:
2001:
519:
306:
290:
1513:
1631:
May 6, 1864 Vol. IV, No. 20, Minnesota Media hub, Minnesota Historical Society, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN,
1747:
1919:
1566:
149:
468:
prompted Zhaaboshkang(Shaw-bosh-kung), head chief of the Mille Lacs Band to lead 700–750 warriors waving a
2145:
2058:
489:
473:
2495:
2083:
2043:
2114:
1982:
1961:
586:
261:
284:
2438:
2259:
2104:
1977:
1107:
570:
469:
264:
of Minnesota. Due to some of these Dakota ancestry, Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe have a high degree of
2428:
1393:
1226:
992:
Office of Budget and Management, headed by the Commissioner of Finance, appointed by Band Assembly
574:
566:
cemetery in 1914 for their service to the State at Fort Ripley and their offer to fight the Sioux.
430:
172:
1713:, The Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald(Kent England), 15 Nov 1890, p.6, Newspapers.com, 2023
1643:
260:
became part of the historic St. Croix Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, which is today known as the
2458:
2187:
1618:
825:
Department of Health and Human Services, headed by the Commissioner of Health and Human Services
500:
464:
made threats to take the North to war, too. On September 6, 1862, the speculation of his joining
391:
276:
2024:
1735:
Chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee State Monument, The Historical Marker Database, John Smith, May 4, 2005
1672:
Shaw-bosh-king,(obit), The Great West(St Paul, Minn.) 14 Feb 1890, p.3, Newspapers.com, 2023
1432:
1413:
1222:
593:
506:
On September 8, 1862, another Mille Lacs band chief with 100 warriors was met and stopped at
2352:
2304:
1878:
1230:
1171:
1165:
302:
257:
138:
1698:, Manchester Weekly Times and Examiner(England), 14 Jun 1890, p.14, Newspapers.com, 2023
8:
2372:
1206:
1101:
1090:
1084:
929:
756:
Department of Community Development, headed by the Commissioner of Community Development
511:
485:
410:
165:
157:
29:
2329:
1903:, Center for Indigenous Knowledge and Language Revitalization], University of Minnesota
1777:"New chief executive for Mille Lacs Band decided in Minnesota Chippewa Tribe primaries"
1435:
1416:
1218:
578:
457:
253:
184:
103:
1192:
601:
552:
406:
153:
2390:
1159:
1139:
605:
507:
450:
426:
192:
176:
111:
95:
1454:
309:
of North America. About 500 years ago, the ancestors of the Mille Lacs Band began
280:
The State of Minnesota erected a monument to the Mille Lacs band at Fort Ridgely.
2362:
1464:
851:
Department of Natural Resources, headed by the Commissioner of Natural Resources
515:
481:
461:
321:
310:
188:
180:
161:
124:
107:
99:
83:
313:
west. This history has been confirmed by linguistic and archeological evidence.
2367:
2274:
2269:
2239:
1321:
1291:
1277:
1143:
1893:
Minnesota Chippewa Tribe's Charter for the Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
1683:
Shaw-bosh-king,(obit) New Ulm Review, 12 Feb 1890, p.3, Newspapers.com, 2023
1205:
Garrison, Kathio, West Mille Lacs Lake Sanitary District (in cooperation with
1138:
Makwa Global, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota (with offices in Onamia, Minnesota;
585:, Rice Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, and Snake and Kettle River Bands of
2484:
1113:
399:
317:
196:
2357:
2254:
2249:
2224:
563:
446:
298:
1897:
2400:
2279:
2234:
2168:
1993:
1892:
1352:
589:
of Minnesota were reorganized/combined as the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe.
465:
438:
395:
376:
368:
364:
249:
1825:
Against the Tide of American History: The Story of Mille Lacs Anishinabe
681:
Administration Department, headed by the Commissioner of Administration
577:, organized 1934–1936. The four historic bands of the Mille Lacs region:
523:
2229:
2219:
1911:
1857:
1848:
1358:
1147:
609:
573:, the bands of the Mille Lacs region joined five others in forming the
545:
348:
2137:
798:
Corporate Commission, headed by the Commissioner of Corporate Affairs
320:
from the area in the mid-1700s, the Ojibwe occupied the region around
171:
The Mille Lacs Band is one of six members of the federally recognized
2415:
2395:
2309:
2299:
2284:
2244:
1736:
434:
422:
387:
360:
344:
325:
213:(or clan) types found among the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe. They are
145:
16:
Federally recognized American Indian tribe in east-central Minnesota
2197:
2128:
1833:. Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe General Assembly (Vineland, MN: 1996).
597:
496:
480:
along with the Sandy Lake, Snake River, and Chippewa River bands.
477:
1881:
of Band Statues, Ordinances, Resolutions, Orders, Policy and Rules
2334:
2289:
2264:
2209:
2171:
1906:
1872:
1831:
A Comprehensive Guide to The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe Government
1803:"Virgil Wind elected as Mille Lacs County Band's chief executive"
926:
Department of Education, headed by the Commissioner of Education
559:
414:
372:
356:
629:
The current Chief Executive of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe is
592:
In the early 1990s, the Band opened Grand Casino Mille Lacs and
2466:
2405:
2294:
2214:
2179:
1884:
541:
442:
209:
195:. "Chippewa" is commonly used in the United States to refer to
1547:, Little Falls Herald, 4 Sept 1914, p.2, Newspapers.com, 2023
1217:
Woodlands National Bank, Onamia, Minnesota (with branches in
562:
monument to Chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee and the Mille Lacs band at
418:
380:
352:
340:
148:. The Band has 4,302 members as of 2012. Its homeland is the
2201:
1239:
1119:
InterContinental Saint Paul Riverfront, St. Paul, Minnesota
336:
333:
329:
175:, which they organized in 1934. The other members are the
1887:, the monthly newspaper of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
1661:
1487:, August 22, 2007, Moccasin Telegraph, Street Isle, MN
642:
Department of Justice, headed by the Solicitor General
1859:
Living Our Language: Ojibwe Tales & Oral Histories
1202:
Mille Lacs Wastewater Management, Vineland, Minnesota
1021:
The Chief Justice of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe is
555:
attempted to give his widow a pension, but it failed.
386:
The first Europeans who arrived among the Ojibwe were
1500:"History of the Dakota People in the Mille Lacs Area"
1185:
Hinckley Medical Office Building, Hinckley, Minnesota
1588:
Lake Superior Chippeways, Mankato Semi-weekly Record
731:
Meshakwad Community Center at Gaa-zhiigwanaabikokaag
600:have allowed the Mille Lacs Band to strengthen its
1862:
St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2001.
1853:
St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2010.
1405:
United States v. Mille Lac Band of Chippewa Indians
1827:. Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (Cass Lake, MN: 1985).
1469:Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission
957:District III Aazhoomog Education Outreach Program
199:; the Mille Lacs Band prefers the term "Ojibwe."
2482:
1658:Minnesota Historical Society Contract #92-C-2763
1424:Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
476:to volunteer to fight the Sioux and support the
1823:Buffalohead, Roger and Priscilla Buffalohead.
1302:2008–2009: Herbert Weyaus (interim appointment)
551:When Chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee passed in 1897, the
441:while combining it with traditional prayer and
1197:Taco John's franchise at Mille Lacs Super Stop
1074:
1048:Office of Gaming Regulations & Compliance
2153:
2009:
1927:
1531:"Tell the Mille Lacs what Danger they are in"
1106:DoubleTree by Hilton Minneapolis Park Place,
2444:Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School
1844:St. Paul: Minnesota Humanities Center, 2009.
608:, rebuild its reservation, and increase the
433:prohibited the Ojibwe from practicing their
1654:Tell the Mille Lacs what Danger they are in
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
2160:
2146:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1934:
1920:
1842:Aaniin Ekidong: Ojibwe Vocabulary Project.
1565:12 Sept 1862, p. 1, Newspapers.com, 2023
1112:Embassy Suites Will Rogers Airport Hotel,
1100:DoubleTree by Hilton Downtown Saint Paul,
449:tried to have the native children sent to
1941:
1517:
1240:List of Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe Chiefs
934:Nay Ah Shing Lower School (Abinoojiiyag)
283:
275:
2167:
1182:Grindstone Laundry, Hinckley, Minnesota
1176:Grand Makwa Cinema, Vineland, Minnesota
1036:
954:District II East Lake Education Program
2483:
1907:Mille Lacs Indian Museum Historic Site
1800:
1617:, 161 Saint Anthony Ave, St. Paul, MN
1188:Lady Luck Estates, Hinckley, Minnesota
854:Office of Natural Resource Management
699:Veterans and Veteran families Services
696:Tribal Employment Rights Office (TERO)
2141:
1997:
1915:
1901:("Moving Towards Knowledge Together")
1748:"Priority Climate Action Plan Report"
1479:
1477:
1214:Red Willow Estates, Onamia, Minnesota
973:
951:District I Cultural Immersion Program
495:According to Chief Mou-zoo-mau-nee's
1755:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
615:
135:Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians,
50:Regions with significant populations
2501:Native American tribes in Minnesota
2315:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
1506:
1483:A monument to loyalty and service,
919:Tribal Historic Preservation Office
654:Child Passenger Safety Seat Program
624:
332:based on the resources of the area
305:-speaking people, coalesced on the
13:
1474:
1315:
1284:
1155:Wewinabi, Inc. (Local Businesses)
1045:Gaming Regulatory Authority (GRA)
1016:
945:Minisinaakwaang Leadership Academy
413:the Anglo-Europeans brought, like
14:
2512:
2424:Anishinabek Educational Institute
1866:
1179:Grand Market, Vineland, Minnesota
1042:Department of Athletic Regulation
710:Child Support Enforcement Program
705:Youth Career and Work Exploration
409:, they suffered from exposure to
152:, consisting of District I (near
1837:Minnesota Indian Affairs Council
1615:Minnesota Indian Affairs Council
1399:Minnesota Indian Affairs Council
902:General Environmental Assistance
725:Minisinaakwaang Community Center
690:Adult and Youth Support Services
248:The historic Mille Lacs Band of
65:
56:
28:
1794:
1769:
1740:
1729:
1718:
1703:
1688:
1677:
1666:
1647:
1636:
1622:
1607:
1596:
1563:The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat
1458:Clans and Mille Lacs Band Clans
1032:District Court Liaison Services
687:Career Development and Training
671:Tribal Conservation Enforcement
645:Office of the Solicitor General
1582:
1571:
1552:
1538:
1492:
1448:
1164:Crossroads Convenience Store,
1158:Big Sandy Lodge & Resort,
324:in what is today East Central
1:
2275:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake")
1442:
1170:East Lake Convenience Store,
1012:Office of Revisor of Statutes
940:Pine Grove Leadership Academy
722:Chi-minising Community Center
472:and Mille Lacs made flag, to
150:Mille Lacs Indian Reservation
130:Misi-zaaga'igani Anishinaabeg
2434:Canadian residential schools
1801:Report, Staff (2024-04-11).
716:Neyaashiing Community Center
7:
1387:
1308:2012–2024: Melanie Benjamin
1252:
1229:, Vineland, Minnesota; and
1207:City of Garrison, Minnesota
1124:Marketing & Technology
1075:Corporate Ventures Holdings
831:District II Clinic Services
10:
2517:
2098:Minor political successors
1971:Minor political Successors
1311:2024–present: Virgil Wind.
989:Legislative Administration
890:Office of the Environment
846:Community Support Services
840:Behavioral Health Services
728:Aazhoomog Community Center
587:St. Croix Chippewa Indians
271:
262:St. Croix Chippewa Indians
256:. The Snake River Band of
164:), and District III (near
2491:Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
2457:
2439:Hannahville Indian School
2414:
2381:
2343:
2196:
2178:
2123:
2097:
2032:Full political successors
2031:
1970:
1950:Full political Successors
1949:
1873:Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
1305:2009–2012: Marge Anderson
1108:St. Louis Park, Minnesota
1089:Grand Casino Mille Lacs,
995:Employee Payroll Services
937:Nay Ah Shing Upper School
668:Tribal Police Department
571:Indian Reorganization Act
460:broke out in 1862, Chief
293:that died at Fort Ridgely
252:was part of the historic
121:Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
94:
89:
81:
76:
54:
49:
44:
39:
27:
23:Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
2449:U.S. residential schools
2429:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School
1394:Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
1273:1972–1991: Arthur Gahbow
1227:Sturgeon Lake, Minnesota
1127:Foxtrot Marketing Group
960:Community Youth Services
948:Wewinabi Early Education
880:Licensing and Permitting
837:Public Health Department
779:Public Works Department
648:Office of Public Safety
575:Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
437:. Many had converted to
431:Bureau of Indian Affairs
202:
173:Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
1757:. April 2024. p. 1
1590:. Vol. 4, No. 22, p. 2
1267:1956–1960: Jerry Martin
1221:; Hinckley, Minnesota;
1191:Mille Lacs Super Stop,
1083:Grand Casino Hinckley,
663:Motor Vehicle Licensing
402:and the United States.
2245:Grand Medicine Society
2025:Lake Superior Chippewa
1135:Maadaadizi Investments
899:Energy and Eco-systems
810:Adopt-a-School Program
804:Maadaadizi Investments
759:Facilities Maintenance
702:WiiDu Youth Activities
693:Gotaamigozi Flex Labor
612:of the entire region.
488:who happened to be at
294:
281:
207:There are eight major
160:), District IIa (near
144:tribe in east-central
128:
1545:About Mou-zoo-mau-nee
1280:(interim appointment)
1270:1960–1972: Sam Yankee
1264:1948–1956: Fred Jones
1261:1940–1948: Sam Yankee
1248:Mou-zoo-mau-nee (war)
1223:Minneapolis Minnesota
676:Band-member Legal Aid
604:, return to economic
596:. Since then, casino
594:Grand Casino Hinckley
351:; fishing the area's
287:
279:
156:), District II (near
133:), also known as the
90:Related ethnic groups
2305:Seven fires prophecy
1943:Mississippi Chippewa
1660:, 1973, p. 100-118,
1629:The Saint Paul Press
1245:Zhaaboshkang (civil)
1231:Zimmerman, Minnesota
1209:and Kathio Township)
1172:East Lake, Minnesota
1166:Lake Lena, Minnesota
1060:Licensing/Exclusions
1037:Independent Agencies
883:Wildland Maintenance
871:Resource Management
745:Information Services
657:Emergency Management
558:The State erected a
458:Mdewakanton uprising
328:. They had a varied
139:federally recognized
2325:Traditional beliefs
2064:Lac Courte Oreilles
1875:, official website
1850:Ojibwe in Minnesota
1258:1936–1940: Fred Sam
1142:; Hawaii; Germany;
1102:St. Paul, Minnesota
1091:Vineland, Minnesota
1085:Hinckley, Minnesota
1007:Discretionary Loans
1001:Revolving Loan Fund
930:Nay Ah Shing School
863:Wildrice Management
801:Corporate Ventures
782:Planning and Zoning
768:Housing Maintenance
762:Housing Department
651:Canine Registration
486:Indian Commissioner
411:infectious diseases
303:Algonquian language
24:
2496:Ojibwe governments
2358:Birch bark scrolls
2330:Underwater panther
1899:Eni–gikendaasoyang
1885:Ojibwe Inaajimowin
1807:hometownsource.com
1559:Mille Lacs Indians
1485:Moccasin Telegraph
1463:2005-11-25 at the
1219:Cloquet, Minnesota
998:Insurance Services
974:Legislative branch
913:Cultural Resources
910:Office of Culture
828:Ne-Ia-Shing Clinic
776:Project Management
684:Aanji-Bimaadizing
407:Indigenous peoples
316:After forcing the
295:
282:
254:Mille Lacs Indians
250:Mdewakanton Dakota
185:Grand Portage Band
104:Grand Portage Band
22:
2475:
2474:
2135:
2134:
1991:
1990:
1193:Onamia, Minnesota
1051:Charitable Gaming
860:Community Gardens
771:Resident Services
739:Grants Management
660:Project Jumpstart
616:Tribal government
602:cultural identity
553:state legislature
301:, the Ojibwe, an
117:
116:
2508:
2391:Birchbark biting
2202:myth and stories
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2074:Lac Vieux Desert
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1711:Not to be Gulled
1709:Shaw-bosh-king,
1707:
1701:
1694:Shaw-bosh-king,
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1452:
1298:Melanie Benjamin
1160:Libby, Minnesota
1140:Reston, Virginia
1130:Sweetgrass Media
1066:Vendor Licensing
1004:Burial Insurance
963:Higher Education
905:Water and Septic
834:Aazhoomog Clinic
719:Community Center
631:Melanie Benjamin
625:Executive branch
606:self-sufficiency
510:, just north of
508:Watab, Minnesota
499:, the people of
451:boarding schools
427:American culture
266:Ma'iingan-doodem
245:(Little Moose).
193:Fond du Lac Band
177:White Earth Band
112:Fond du Lac Band
96:White Earth Band
71:
69:
68:
62:
60:
59:
40:Total population
32:
25:
21:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2453:
2410:
2377:
2339:
2192:
2174:
2166:
2136:
2131:
2119:
2093:
2069:Lac du Flambeau
2027:
2022:
1992:
1987:
1966:
1945:
1940:
1879:Tribal Register
1869:
1856:Treuer, Anton.
1847:Treuer, Anton.
1820:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1623:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1475:
1465:Wayback Machine
1453:
1449:
1445:
1390:
1368:Larry Smallwood
1363:Naawakamigookwe
1318:
1316:Notable members
1287:
1285:Chief Executive
1255:
1242:
1077:
1039:
1019:
1017:Judicial branch
976:
971:
868:Land Management
843:Family Services
791:Water and Sewer
751:Self-Governance
748:Notary Services
742:Human Resources
627:
618:
583:Sandy Lake Band
579:Mille Lacs band
538:
516:Abraham Lincoln
482:William P. Dole
462:Hole in the Day
394:, and American
322:Mille Lacs Lake
274:
241:(Sturgeon) and
205:
189:Bois Forte Band
181:Leech Lake Band
142:American Indian
108:Bois Forte Band
100:Leech Lake Band
66:
64:
63:United States (
57:
55:
35:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:Ottawa dialect
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Medicine wheel
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Gitche Manitou
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2124:Related groups
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1868:
1867:External links
1865:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1793:
1768:
1739:
1728:
1717:
1702:
1696:Indian Keeness
1687:
1676:
1665:
1646:
1635:
1621:
1606:
1595:
1581:
1570:
1551:
1537:
1516:
1505:
1491:
1473:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1420:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:Marge Anderson
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1292:Marge Anderson
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:Marge Anderson
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1144:Nairobi, Kenya
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:Internal Audit
1055:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
990:
987:
975:
972:
970:
969:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
935:
924:
923:
922:
921:
920:
917:
914:
908:
907:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
888:
887:
886:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
849:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
818:Wewinabi, Inc.
816:
815:
814:
811:
805:
796:
795:
794:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
766:
760:
754:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
679:
678:
677:
674:
673:
672:
666:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
646:
639:
626:
623:
617:
614:
534:
318:eastern Dakota
307:Atlantic coast
273:
270:
237:(Bald Eagle),
204:
201:
115:
114:
92:
91:
87:
86:
79:
78:
74:
73:
52:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2513:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Turtle Island
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Little people
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Grand Portage
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1349:("Waywinabe")
1348:
1344:
1343:Arthur Gahbow
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:James Clark,
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1114:Oklahoma City
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
991:
988:
986:Band Assembly
985:
984:
983:
980:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
939:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
927:
925:
918:
915:
912:
911:
909:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
889:
882:
879:
876:
873:
872:
870:
867:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
853:
852:
850:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
824:
817:
812:
809:
808:
807:Philanthropy
806:
803:
802:
800:
799:
797:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
778:
775:
770:
767:
765:Housing Loans
764:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
712:
709:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
683:
682:
680:
675:
670:
669:
667:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
640:
638:
634:
632:
622:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
556:
554:
549:
547:
543:
537:
533:
530:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
447:Indian agents
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:British crown
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:According to
292:
291:5th Minnesota
286:
278:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:Isanti Dakota
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
200:
198:
197:Ojibwe people
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
80:
75:
53:
48:
43:
38:
31:
26:
2477:
2255:Jingle dress
2250:Jiibayaabooz
2225:Dreamcatcher
2109:
2059:Keweenaw Bay
1956:
1898:
1858:
1849:
1830:
1824:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:
1796:
1785:. Retrieved
1783:. 2024-04-05
1780:
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1754:
1742:
1731:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1638:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1508:
1494:
1484:
1456:Mazina'igan:
1455:
1450:
1422:
1403:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1346:
1338:Marvin Eagle
1097:Hospitality
1063:Surveillance
1029:Tribal Court
1020:
981:
977:
857:Agriculture
734:Urban Office
635:
628:
619:
591:
568:
564:Fort Ridgely
557:
550:
539:
535:
531:
527:
505:
501:Little Falls
494:
455:
404:
385:
383:and plants.
359:; gathering
315:
299:oral history
296:
265:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:(Bullhead),
226:
222:
218:
214:
208:
206:
170:
134:
129:
120:
118:
19:Ethnic group
2401:Ribbon work
2280:Mudjekeewis
2235:Elbow witch
2188:Clan system
2169:Anishinaabe
2115:White Earth
2049:Fond du Lac
1962:White Earth
1471:, Fall 1999
1438: (1999)
1419: (1913)
1383:("Ayshpun")
1372:Amikogaabaw
1353:Virgil Hill
1328:Naawigiizis
1296:2000–2008:
1290:1992–2000:
1276:1991–1992:
916:Enrollments
713:Facilities
490:Fort Ripley
474:Fort Ripley
466:Little Crow
439:Catholicism
396:fur traders
377:cultivating
365:maple syrup
223:Waabizheshi
34:tribal flag
2485:Categories
2373:Potawatomi
2353:Algonquian
2230:Drumkeeper
2220:Deer Woman
2110:Mille Lacs
2105:Leech Lake
2044:Bois Forte
1978:Leech Lake
1957:Mille Lacs
1812:2024-05-25
1787:2024-05-25
1443:References
1377:Sam Yankee
1359:Maude Kegg
1333:Lucy Clark
1148:Dubai, UAE
1116:, Oklahoma
1054:Compliance
1023:Rhonda Sam
896:Brownfield
788:Sanitation
610:prosperity
546:leadership
349:small game
72:Minnesota)
2416:Education
2396:Quillwork
2345:Languages
2310:Shingebis
2300:Pukwudgie
2285:Nanabozho
2089:St. Croix
2079:Red Cliff
2039:Bad River
1983:St. Croix
874:Fisheries
456:When the
405:Like all
361:wild rice
345:waterfowl
326:Minnesota
311:migrating
268:members.
231:Ma'iingan
227:Awaazisii
225:(Marten)
146:Minnesota
82:English,
77:Languages
2198:Religion
2129:Findians
2084:Sokaogon
1781:MPR News
1461:Archived
1388:See also
1347:Wewinabi
1253:Chairman
877:Forestry
813:Donation
598:revenues
512:St Cloud
497:obituary
478:garrison
435:religion
423:smallpox
339:, bear,
233:(Wolf),
221:(Bear),
217:(Lynx),
166:Hinckley
158:McGregor
2459:Housing
2335:Wendigo
2290:Nokomis
2265:Manitou
2210:Aayaase
2172:culture
1761:May 25,
1355:, boxer
1080:Gaming
966:Library
560:granite
470:US flag
443:rituals
415:measles
392:British
373:berries
357:streams
334:hunting
272:History
243:Moozens
2467:Wigwam
2406:Wampum
2363:Ojibwe
2295:Powwow
2215:Baykok
2180:Family
1381:Eshpan
1146:; and
544:, and
542:wisdom
522:
484:, the
429:, the
421:, and
388:French
375:; and
371:, and
347:, and
235:Migizi
215:Bizhiw
210:doodem
191:, and
154:Onamia
125:Ojibwe
84:Ojibwe
70:
61:
1751:(PDF)
1431:
1412:
785:Roads
520:Stat.
419:mumps
381:herbs
379:some
353:lakes
341:moose
219:Makwa
203:Clans
137:is a
45:4,302
1763:2024
1568:<
1433:U.S.
1414:U.S.
524:1249
369:nuts
355:and
337:deer
330:diet
239:Name
162:Isle
119:The
2383:Art
1436:127
1429:526
1427:,
1417:498
1410:229
893:Air
168:).
2487::
2200:,
1805:.
1779:.
1753:.
1656:,
1561:,
1519:^
1476:^
1467:,
1408:,
1379:/
1370:/
1361:/
1345:/
1225:;
633:.
581:,
548:.
445:.
417:,
390:,
367:,
363:,
343:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
127::
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
2161:e
2154:t
2147:v
2017:e
2010:t
2003:v
1935:e
1928:t
1921:v
1815:.
1790:.
1765:.
1502:.
1233:)
1150:)
123:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
