227:, recruiting from among workers, militia or army troops and junior militia officers. Selection was based on recommendations from party bosses. Proper class origins and proven devotion to party policy were required. A written test was administered, but could be ignored with the right connections. Starting in 1950, regional militia schools trained junior officers for four months. Regular policemen underwent two months of training. They were recruited by local militia and party structures from among retired army troops and workers up to age 25 who had completed military service.
250:. By late 1952, no urban resident was allowed to change residence without permission from a Militia officer. The permit bureaucracy facilitated Miliția ’s task of supervising people’s movement, monitoring those hostile to the regime and preparing internal deportations. The institution's powers gradually expanded under the
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secret police, the
Militia was the regime’s main instrument of control against society. It employed violent repression: arrests, investigations, torture, imprisonment; psychological terror: maintaining a massive network of informers, coordinating a system of diversion and disinformation, threats,
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Junior officers were often seen on the streets by the public, who came up with jokes about them. It was often said they were uneducated, violent and ill-intentioned. They frequently abused their power, extorting food, drink and other benefits. They found or invented legal pretexts to interrogate
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Of the initial 35,000 members, 161 were university graduates, 9,600 had completed fourth grade or less, while 7,800 had six or seven grades of schooling. Meanwhile, the existing police were purged of pre-1945
261:”, allowing its officers to jail or fine people found on the street during work hours. Both measures were open to abuse. A 1983 decree required registration of typewriters, while a 1985 measure
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agents beginning in 1948, when over 1000 were imprisoned; informers were retained. By 1951, 98% of the old policemen had been expelled, imprisoned or killed. Miliția reproduced the
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regime. A 1969 law charged it with “defending the revolutionary gains of the people and its peaceful work in building socialism”; the powers conferred were open to multiple abuses.
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Miliția were formally transformed into standard Police (Poliția) on
December 27, 1989. However, given the continuity of personnel, its mentality persisted for at least a decade.
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of the Soviet Union, and received ideological guidance from an advisor sent by the latter country.
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Miliția was established by decree in
January 1949; the decree simultaneously disbanded the
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265:, so that the societal role of Miliția was ever greater in the years leading up to the
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333:, 23 January 2015, at the Institution for the Investigation of Communist Crimes site
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308:“Cum arătau și cine erau cei care asigurau ordinea în societatea comunistă”
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blackmail; pressure on the economic and administrative state apparatus.
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A 1970 decree, toughened in 1976, empowered Miliția to combat “
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citizens, whom they treated without restraint. Alongside the
196:, considered “bourgeois” institutions. It was part of the
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In its early years, Miliția was concerned with issuing
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349:“1990, Drumul de la miliţian la poliţist”
331:“23 ianuarie 1949 – Înființarea Miliției”
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200:and directly controlled by the ruling
204:. Its employees held military rank.
388:Law enforcement in communist states
383:Law enforcement agencies of Romania
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378:1989 disestablishments in Romania
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27:Communist Romanian police force
373:1949 establishments in Romania
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368:Socialist Republic of Romania
263:enhanced anti-abortion policy
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184:Establishment and structure
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176:) was the police force of
223:The same decree set up a
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105:(Operations jurisdiction)
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231:Reputation and evolution
225:Militia Officers’ School
95:Jurisdictional structure
202:Romanian Workers’ Party
116:Operations jurisdiction
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30:Law enforcement agency
150:Operational structure
63:Gendarmerie (Romania)
351:, Digi24, 1 May 2015
310:, TVR, 28 April 2020
267:Romanian Revolution
126:Legal jurisdiction
85:Superseding agency
56:Preceding agencies
259:social parasitism
252:Nicolae Ceaușescu
248:residence permits
198:Interior Ministry
178:Communist Romania
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80:December 27, 1989
18:Militia (Romania)
16:(Redirected from
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329:Daniel Velicu,
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306:Roxana Tarhon,
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190:Romanian Police
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141:Civilian police
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101:National agency
89:Romanian Police
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68:Romanian Police
43:Agency overview
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134:General nature
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155:Headquarters
51:January 1949
194:Gendarmerie
362:Categories
239:Securitate
393:Militsiya
217:Militsiya
211:Siguranța
158:Bucharest
77:Dissolved
170:Romanian
174:Miliția
166:Miliția
129:Romania
38:Miliția
36:Militia
48:Formed
276:Notes
192:and
164:The
120:ROU
110:ROU
364::
338:^
315:^
284:^
269:.
180:.
172::
168:(
20:)
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