325:. The first known airborne commando operation in military history was conducted by Maximilian Hermann Richard Paschen von Cossel, then Leutnant of the Royal Prussian Army and his new pilot, then Royal Saxon Vice Sergeant Rudolf Windisch. Windisch flew the Roland Walfisch used for this purpose and set Cossel down in a wooded area behind the Russian front. During the night of October 2/3, 1916, Cossel blew up the Rowno–Brody railway line, 85 kilometers behind the eastern front, in several places. This was acknowledged in the army report of October 4, 1916: Eastern theater of war: ... Oberleutnant v. Cossel, who was set down from the plane southwest of Rowno by Vice Sergeant Windisch and picked up again after 24 hours, interrupted the Rowno-Brody railway line at several points by means of explosives. ... The First Quartermaster General. Ludendorff. According to Russian reports, however, the tracks were only slightly damaged in one place, so that a train just passing them could continue its journey unhindered. The second operational military parachute jump from 490 metres (1,600 ft) was logged in the night of August 8—9 1918 by Italian assault troops. Arditi Lieutenant
1248:
997:
1172:
147:
935:
850:
Cossel down in a wooded area behind the
Russian front. During the night of October 2/3, 1916, Cossel blew up the Rowno–Brody railway line, 85 kilometers behind the eastern front, in several places. This was acknowledged in the army report of October 4, 1916: Eastern theater of war: ... Oberleutnant v. Cossel, who was set down from the plane southwest of Rowno by Vice Sergeant Windisch and picked up again after 24 hours, interrupted the Rowno-Brody railway line at several points by means of explosives. ... The First Quartermaster General. Ludendorff. According to Russian reports, however, the tracks were only slightly damaged in one place, so that a train just passing them could continue its journey unhindered.
2020:
1965:
1991, several
Ukraine-based units from the Soviet Airborne Forces were absorbed into the newly created Ukrainian Ground Forces, where they remained until 2016, when they separated to become one of five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Air Assault Forces are in constant combat readiness. They are the high-mobility branch of the military, responsible for air assaults and military parachuting operations. Before the Russo-Ukrainian War they were also the main forces sent by Ukraine to peacekeeping missions around the world. They are considered the elite of Ukraine's armed forces.
262:
310:
436:
1898:
561:
2167:
2156:
1740:
713:
36:
1237:
2128:, were successful, but less ambitious in their intent to seize ground. After the war, there was fierce debate within the cash-strapped British armed forces as to the value of airborne forces. Many noted the unique contribution they had made within the campaign. Others pointed to the extreme costs involved and the need for strict prioritisation. During the debate, the contribution of British airborne forces in the
1101:
634:
386:) being small, they rarely, if ever, jumped in groups much larger than 20 from one aircraft. In English, this load of paratroopers is called a "stick", while any load of soldiers gathered for air movement is known as a "chalk". The terms come from the common use of white chalk on the sides of aircraft and vehicles to mark and update numbers of personnel and equipment being emplaned.
1767:
Company, Engineer
Company and HQ Company, were dropped under German fire east of Driel. They overran Driel, after it was realised that the Heveadorp ferry had been destroyed. In Driel, the Polish paratroopers set up a defensive "hedgehog" position, from which over the next two nights further attempts were made to cross the Rhine.
1770:
The following day, the Poles were able to produce some makeshift boats and attempt a crossing. With great difficulty and under German fire from the heights of
Westerbouwing on the north bank of the river, the 8th Parachute Company and, later, additional troops from 3rd Battalion, managed to cross the
1964:
The
Ukrainian Air Assault Forces (Ukrainian: Десантно-штурмові війська України, romanized: Desantno-shturmovi viiska Ukrainy, pronounced , abbreviated as DShV or AAFU), known until 2017 as the Ukrainian Airmobile Forces are the airborne forces of Ukraine. After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union in
1684:
on the South bank of the Rhine. The Poles suffered significant casualties during the next few days of fighting, but still were able, by their presence, to cause around 2,500 German troops to be diverted to deal with them for fear of them supporting the remnants of 1st
Airborne trapped over the lower
1186:
with the infantry pin and reddish-brown boots. Distinct from all other soldiers of the IDF, Paratroopers wear a tunic and belt over the shirt. The IDF has one active paratrooper brigade and four reserve brigades consisting of personnel who served their mandatory time in the 35th brigade, and who are
1155:
Three
Airborne units in rotation form part of the Parachute Brigade alternatively serving their field tenures in counter-insurgency/high altitude areas. One of the two field regiments (9 Para Fd Regt and 17 Para Fd Regt) also forms part of the brigade while the other serves out its field tenure on
849:
The first known airborne commando operation in military history was conducted by
Maximilian Hermann Richard Paschen von Cossel, then Leutnant of the Royal Prussian Army and his new pilot, then Royal Saxon Vice Sergeant Rudolf Windisch. Windisch flew the Roland Walfisch used for this purpose and set
1056:
continue to form the core of special operations units. The division has two brigade equivalents and several independent companies and battalions. All told, about 10,000 troops served in that division in 2010, most of them support or logistics personnel. The
Fallschirmjägertruppe currently uses the
2047:
capability, another high priority, and would also compete with the badly stretched strategic air lift capability, essential to
Churchill's strategy in the Far East. It took the continued reintervention of Churchill to ensure that sufficient aircraft were devoted to the airborne project to make it
1731:
asked the British government for air support, including dropping the Brigade in the vicinity of Warsaw. This request was refused on the grounds of "operational considerations" and the "difficulties" in coordinating with the Soviet forces. Eventually, the Brigade entered combat when it was dropped
1108:
The 8th Battalion became 16th Battalion, Mahar Regiment in 1976 before reconverting to the 12th Battalion, Mechanised Infantry Regiment. A sizable part of the battalion was retained in the airborne role for some time, forming the armoured element of the 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade and
393:
of a circular design. These parachutes could be steered to a small degree by pulling on the risers (four straps connecting the paratrooper's harness to the connectors) and suspension lines which attach to the parachute canopy itself. German paratroopers, whose harnesses had only a single riser
1766:
was delayed by two days, to 21 September. The British units which were supposed to cover the landing zone were in a bad situation and out of radio contact with the main Allied forces. Finally, the 2nd Battalion, and elements of the 3rd Battalion, with support troops from the Brigade's Medical
1628:
1928:, eventually forming seven Airborne Divisions, an Independent Airborne regiment and sixteen Air Assault Brigades. These divisions were formed into their own VDV commands (Vozdushno-Desantnye Voyska) to give the Soviets a rapid strike force to spearhead strategic military operations.
1113:
Infantry Combat Vehicles. But due to administrative and logistic reasons, it was discontinued and their role being taken over by the para battalions themselves, with a platoon strength of each battalion being trained and equipped for the mechanized role within the brigade.
544:; however, it did not see action. In the post-war period Australia's parachute capability was primarily maintained by special forces units. In the 1970s and 1980s a parachute infantry capability was revived, while a Parachute Battalion Group based on the
1863:
With the end of the Colonial War, the Portuguese parachute troops were reorganized as the Paratroopers Corps, with the Light Parachute Brigade as its operational unit. In 1993, the Paratroopers Corps was transferred from the Portuguese Air Force to the
394:
attached at the back, could not manipulate their parachutes in such a manner. Today, paratroopers still use round parachutes, or round parachutes modified so as to be more fully controlled with toggles. The parachutes are usually deployed by a
3099:
443:
In 1944, Argentina became the second country on the continent of South America to use Paratroopers, after Peru. The first paratroopers were issued jump helmets similar to that used by the British at the time, with other equipment based on the
2063:. After the Battle of Crete, it was agreed that Britain would need many more paratroopers for similar operations. No 2 Commando were tasked with specialising in airborne assault and became the nucleus of the Parachute Regiment, becoming the
1711:, a plan that encountered opposition from the British, who argued they would not be able to support it properly. The pressure of the British government eventually caused the Poles to give in and agree to let the Brigade be used on the
2013:, Churchill's interest was caught again by the idea of taking the fight back to Europe – the airborne was now a means "to be able to storm a series of water obstacles... everywhere from the Channel to the Mediterranean and in the East
2781:
297:
that guard from attack from a specific direction. The possible use of paratroopers also forces defenders to spread out to protect other areas which would otherwise be safe. Another common use for paratroopers is to establish an
766:
in 1954, all airborne battalions were upgraded to regiments over the next two years. Only the French Air Force's Commandos de l'Air (Air Force) were excluded. In 1956, the 2e Régiment de Parachutiste Coloniaux took part in the
1715:. On 6 June 1944 the unit, originally the only Polish unit directly subordinate to the Polish government in exile and thus independent of the British command, was transferred into the same command structure as all other
755:, a Bataillon Parachutiste Viet Nam was created (BPVN) in southeast Asia. In total, 150 different airborne operations took place in Indochina between 1945 and 1954. These included five major combat missions against the
2075:
in 1943 met with mixed success, and some commanders concluded the airborne experiment was a failure. Once again, it took the reintervention of senior British political leaders, looking ahead to the potential needs of
1836:, which has become, since then, the principal emblem of the Portuguese paratroopers. The Battalion was expanded to a Regiment and additional parachute battalions were created in the Portuguese overseas territories of
1762:. This left Sosabowski without any anti-tank capability. The light artillery battery was left behind in England due to a shortage of gliders. Owing to bad weather and a shortage of transport planes, the drop into
1159:
The two Territorial Army battalions, 106th (Bangalore) and 116th (Deolali) form the airborne element of the Terriers (as the Territorial Army is popularly known) and are presently involved in COIN operations.
1378:. Its mission was to provide humanitarian aid. From July 1992, the Brigade supplied personnel to the "Vespri Siciliani" and later "Strade Sicure" internal security operations. The Folgore participated in
289:; the other two being by land and by water. Their tactical advantage of entering the battlefield from the air is that they can attack areas not directly accessible by other transport. The ability of
1680:
in 1944. The Poles were initially landed by glider from 18 September, whilst, due to bad weather over England, the parachute section of the Brigade was held up, and jumped on 21 September at
1209:
1304:
Another major paratroopers division was formed during 1942 (the 184rd Parachute Division "Nembo") and a third had started forming in 1943 (the 184rd Parachute Division "Ciclone"). After the
2202:
1438:
of summer 2006. The Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore" is still mainly deployed abroad in international stabilization and peacekeeping operation, on rotation with the other elite units of the
3107:, an international organization based in Europe, composed of active and retired paratroopers, participates in WW2 reenactment events as well as joint military jumps with foreign nations
2569:
1778:
On 26 September 1944, the Brigade (now including the 1st Battalion and elements of the 3rd Battalion, who were parachuted near to Grave on 23 September) was ordered to march towards
1090:
battalions; of the regular bns, five are Airborne battalions, while nine are Special Forces battalions. Formerly designated "Commando" units, they are now designated Special Forces:
1789:
and undertook occupation duties in Northern Germany until it was disbanded on 30 June 1947. The majority of its soldiers chose to stay in exile rather than hazard returning to the
580:
soldier to execute a parachute jump on November 17, 1915. He performed 23 test and exhibition parachute drops without problems to publicise the system and overcome the prejudice
1566:
elite airborne unit meant for anti-guerilla and commando operations. The unit is currently used for homeland defense and international combat operations as part of the JGSDF’s
341:
978:) detached from a division or organised from miscellaneous available assets. In accord with standard German practice, these were called by their commander's name, such as
1093:
Three of the Special Forces battalions were originally trained for use in certain environments; 1st Bn , 9th Bn and 10th Bn . Subsequently, the 21st Bn was raised for
1871:
The reorganization of the Portuguese Army in 2006 caused the extinction of the Airborne Troops Command. The Independent Airborne Brigade was transformed in the present
1852:, from 1961 to 1975, being involved both in airborne and air assault operations. In addition to the regular units of paratroopers, in Mozambique were also created the
1567:
548:(3 RAR) was established in 1983. However, following a reorganisation 3 RAR relinquished the parachute role in 2011, and this capability is now maintained by units of
1935:
divisions have been disbanded, as well as one brigade and a brigade-sized training centre. Nevertheless, Russian Airborne Troops are still the largest in the world.
1771:
Rhine in two attempts. In total, about 200 Polish paratroopers made it across in two days, and were able to cover the subsequent withdrawal of the remnants of the
1450:
3144:
2035:) by the example of the German Luftwaffe's Fallschirmjäger, which had a major role in the invasions of Norway, and the Low Countries, particularly the attack on
1458:
1247:
1163:
31st Battalion (Commando), Rashtriya Rifles, is also affiliated to the Parachute Regiment, for special operations conducted by the counter-insurgency force.
3119:
is a military association, which is a registered charity and is made up of serving and ex members of Airborne units of the British Corps of Royal Engineers.
805:. French paratroopers were used as counter insurgency units by the French Army. This was the first time in airborne operations troops used helicopters for
326:
1020:
divisions extended to over a dozen, with a concomitant reduction in quality in the higher-numbered units of the series. Among these divisions was the 9th
2308:
3074:
The first public reports in the United States of testing of the airborne principle by the U.S. Army with paratroopers was in a February 1929 issue of
693:, also in Brittany in Plumelec: June 6, 0 h 40. Captain Pierre Marienne was killed on July 12 in Plumelec. French SAS paratroopers also fought in the
1332:, where they formed several Parachute units that continued to operate alongside the Germans against the Allies, fighting with distinction during the
2815:
2751:
996:
2163:
In 1930, the U.S. Army experimented with the concept of parachuting three-man heavy-machine-gun teams. Nothing came of these early experiments.
2043:. From the perspective of others, however, the proposed airborne units had a key weakness: they required exactly the same resources as the new
1920:
status. The 9th Guards Army was eventually formed with three Guards Rifle Corps (37,38,39) of Airborne divisions. One of the new units was the
968:
divisions, and often played a "fire brigade" role on the western front. Their constituents were often encountered on the battlefield as ad hoc
956:
assets were re-organised and used as the core of a new series of elite Luftwaffe Infantry divisions, numbered in a series beginning with the
2679:
2567:
1182:(IDF) paratroopers have a history of carrying out special forces-style missions dating back to the 1950s. Paratrooper Brigade soldiers wear
536:
Airborne forces raised by Australia have included a small number of conventional and special forces units. During the Second World War the
2522:
1214:
427:
Many countries have one or several paratrooper units, usually associated with the national Army or Air Force, but in some cases the Navy.
2506:
1939:
1301:, effectively stalling the southern part of the Commonwealth attack until the general retreat of the Axis forces, when it was destroyed.
1271:
618:. It was transformed into the Compagnie de Chasseurs Parachutistes in October 1941. By June 1942, these units were fighting in Crete and
2434:
1171:
2726:
1636:
638:
398:. Mobility of the parachutes is often deliberately limited to prevent scattering of the troops when a large number parachute together.
473:
285:
and use parachutes to land safely on the ground. This is one of the three types of "forced entry" strategic techniques for entering a
1664:
in order to help liberate the country. The British government, however, pressured the Poles into allowing the unit to be used in the
1592:, the Peruvian army had also established its own paratrooper unit and used it to great effect by seizing the Ecuadorian port city of
409:, which offer a high degree of maneuverability and are deployed manually (without a static line) from the desired altitude. Some use
146:
2129:
545:
3080:
From three speeding planes over Brooks Fields, San Antonio, Texas, a machine gun, and its crew of three soldiers dropped to earth.
1423:
3021:
2027:
Enthusiasts within the British armed forces were inspired in the creation of airborne forces (including the Parachute Regiment,
2487:
2235:
2179:
2125:
2088:
2072:
1673:
1275:
1241:
630:, two independent French SAS units were also created in addition to the other French Airborne units. They operated until 1945.
565:
549:
957:
2922:
2899:
2862:
2633:
2471:
1356:
689:
paratroopers. The first Allied soldier killed in the liberation of France was Free French SAS Corporal Emile Bouétard of the
2001:, when he had proposed the creation of a force that might assault the German flanks deep behind the trenches of the static
1990:
17:
100:
2099:
1974:
1446:
798:
541:
72:
3033:
2444:
1921:
410:
363:
on a reconnaissance and sabotage mission, followed on later nights by Lts. Ferruccio Nicoloso and Pier Arrigo Barnaba.
820:, the 10e and 25e Parachute divisions were disbanded and their regiments merged into the Light Intervention Division (
2417:
2227:
2226:
The first U.S. combat jump was near Oran, Algeria, in North Africa on November 8, 1942, conducted by elements of the
2064:
1872:
453:
119:
1912:
during the mid-1930s and were the first regular paratrooper units in the world. They were massively expanded during
1815:, during World War II, with the objective to be dropped in the rearguard of the Japanese troops that were occupying
864:
677:). The first Allied soldier to land in France was Free French SAS Captain Pierre Marienne who jumped into Brittany (
369:
1876:
1519:
1309:
1286:
1079:
The Parachute Regiment is the Special Forces/airborne regiment of the Indian Army. The Regiment was formed in 1952
950:
934:
79:
1790:
1563:
1281:
Moved back to Italy in 1941, the staff of the Castel Benito school was expanded into the Paratroopers School at
469:
3104:
2190:. He was immediately followed by Private William N. King, the first enlisted soldier to make a parachute jump.
2096:
2019:
1371:
346:
57:
1924:. At the end of the war they were reconstituted as Guards Rifle Divisions. They were later rebuilt during the
3168:
3125:
2217:
1772:
1355:
with airborne drop and air transport capability with secondary light mechanized capabilities, as part of the
778:
regrouped all its Army Airborne regiments into two parachute divisions in 1956. The 10th parachute division (
720:
86:
3139:
1285:
and became a massive training program. In 1941, a Parachutist division was completed and was designated the
716:
3188:
1959:
1786:
1665:
1474:
1344:
1252:
763:
531:
203:
140:
53:
374:) was by the Germans during World War II. Later in the conflict paratroopers were used extensively by the
3178:
2293:
2144:
2002:
1589:
1325:
1298:
1012:
were no longer trained as paratroops owing to the realities of the strategic situation, but retained the
2819:
2755:
2120:
and the 1st Airborne was virtually destroyed. Later large scale drops, such as those on the Rhine under
1703:
The Brigade was formed by the Polish High Command in exile with the aim of it being used to support the
68:
2383:
2322:
1868:
and become the Airborne Troops Command, with the Independent Airborne Brigade as its operational unit.
1728:
1615:
and anti-narcotics force. With the dissolution of the Civil Guard in 1991, the unit became part of the
1317:
1258:
The first units of Italian parachutists were trained and formed shortly before the Second World War in
1074:
627:
422:
2059:
plus three Italian interpreters), parachuted into Italy to blow up an aqueduct in a daring raid named
1270:), where the first Military school of Parachuting was located. They were two native battalions of the
3173:
2068:
1916:, forming ten Airborne Corps plus numerous Independent Airborne Brigades, with most or all achieving
1880:
1853:
1716:
1201:
1058:
920:
219:
2794:
1931:
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a reduction in airborne divisions. Three
317:
This doctrine was first practically applied to warfare by the Imperial German Army in 1916 then the
2136:
1196:
1087:
1061:, more specifically a lightly armoured weapons carrier. It is quite similar to historical scouting
983:
740:
732:
3075:
2051:
Britain's first airborne assault took place on February 10, 1941, when, what was then known as II
1386:
from 3 December 1992 to September 1993. Parts of the Brigade have been employed many times in the
1187:
mostly relatively recently discharged, aside from officers. The IDF paratrooper brigades include:
2702:
2649:
2283:
2201:
organized the first paratroop platoon. This led to the Provisional Parachute Group, and then the
2116:
2103:
1932:
1892:
1849:
1802:
1733:
1669:
1616:
1329:
46:
3134:
1743:
1653:
878:
3100:
Peruvian Paratroopers in 1941 War between Peru and Ecuador – translated from Spanish to English
2526:
1905:
1379:
1305:
1294:
595:
at the Soviet Airborne Academy. From this, the French military created two combat units called
375:
266:
3059:
2504:
2461:
2193:
Although airborne units were not popular with the top U.S. Armed Forces commanders, President
3163:
2889:
2852:
2353:
2348:
2194:
2186:, who made the first jump on August 16, 1940, at Lawson Field, Fort Benning, Georgia, from a
2032:
1841:
1179:
990:
748:
383:
356:
352:
331:
309:
261:
2730:
1700:(Grantham) where it continued training until its eventual departure for Europe after D-Day.
465:
2210:
2028:
1823:
1720:
1712:
1562:
The 1st Airborne Brigade (Japanese: 第1空挺団, Dai-Ichi Kūtei Dan), established in 1958 is the
1192:
1065:
in size, form and function, and is the only true modern tankette in use in Western Europe.
924:
2298:
1124:
01 Parachute Field Regiment (Artillery) (9 & 17 Parachute Field Regiments in rotation)
8:
2263:
2052:
1579:
1556:
1515:
752:
658:
623:
337:
274:
211:
93:
3082:
It was strictly an ad hoc test of principle and not a recognized official airborne unit.
1308:, elements of the "Nembo" division joined the Allies against the germans as part of the
890:
835:, the French Army reorganised and the 11e DP become the 11th Parachute Brigade in 1999.
2603:
2337:
2332:
2273:
2268:
2060:
2006:
1608:
969:
965:
662:
661:. The 2e and 3e Régiments de Chasseurs Parachutistes followed in July 1944. During the
611:
359:(both Royal Air Force pilots), when Tandura dropped behind Austro-Hungarian lines near
191:
183:
159:
1758:
on the third day of the battle (19 September), supporting the British paratroopers at
1152:
The President's Body Guard also forms part of the brigade as the pathfinders company.
844:
447:
3183:
2895:
2858:
2694:
2660:
2629:
2467:
2440:
2413:
2303:
2278:
2258:
2231:
2121:
2084:
2077:
1986:
1978:
1845:
1837:
1708:
1612:
1454:
1259:
706:
674:
670:
610:
formed the 1re Compagnie d’Infanterie de l’Air in September 1940 from members of the
607:
406:
299:
286:
3094:
2491:
1593:
1097:. Currently, all Special Forces battalions are cross trained for all environments.
435:
2183:
2107:
2044:
2010:
1816:
1677:
1083:
1029:
886:
603:
588:
290:
163:
1782:. The Brigade had lost 25% of its fighting strength, amounting to 590 casualties.
790:, 25e DP). Again the Commandos de l'Air were kept under command of the Air Force.
3129:
3113:(EMFV/EMPA/AEPM) is the first instance for active Military Parachuting in Europe.
2693:(3). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Land Warfare Studies Centre: 37–54.
2573:
2510:
2388:
2327:
2253:
2248:
2092:
2040:
2036:
1897:
1865:
1724:
1661:
1597:
1507:
1500:
1411:
1333:
928:
870:
537:
360:
303:
293:
to enter the battlefield from any location allows paratroopers to evade emplaced
238:
195:
2659:(1268 ed.). Canberra: Department of Defence. 29 September 2011. p. 3.
2288:
1997:. Churchill had been an enthusiast of the concept of airborne warfare since the
1938:
VDV troops participated in the rapid deployment of Russian forces in and around
1024:
Division, which was the final parachute division to be raised by Germany during
2777:
2220:
2198:
2056:
1917:
1697:
1503:
1470:
1427:
1352:
1263:
1094:
817:
705:
in April 1945. The 1er Régiment Parachutiste de Choc carried out operations in
560:
478:("Rapid Deployment Force") is based on this unit. The members of the unit wear
461:
402:
270:
199:
2628:(Second ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. p. 410.
2023:
British paratroopers inside one of the C-47 transport aircraft, September 1944
3157:
2698:
2664:
2426:
2178:
The first U.S. airborne unit began as a test platoon formed from part of the
1704:
1650:
1526:
1359:, the on-call divisional HQ controlling the rapid reaction components of the
1267:
1231:
1183:
783:
577:
379:
294:
233:
Military parachutists and parachutes were first used on a large scale during
2624:
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).
3037:
2959:
Browning, F. "Airborne Forces", RUSI Journal 89, no. 556 (1944): pp350-361.
2680:"Is Parachute Capability Still Relevant to Modern Expeditionary Operations"
2206:
2171:
2166:
2155:
2111:
1994:
1982:
1913:
1857:
1822:
However, the first regular parachute unit was only created in 1955, by the
1657:
1511:
1439:
1360:
1348:
1340:
1025:
853:
810:
802:
728:
694:
322:
234:
207:
155:
151:
133:
1828:
901:. Aalborg Airport played a key role acting as a refueling station for the
2463:
Valor Without Arms: A History of the 316th Troop Carrier Group, 1942–1945
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
1998:
1833:
1693:
1689:
1419:
974:
806:
775:
768:
702:
686:
569:
395:
187:
1739:
1117:
The 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade comprises the following units:
2343:
1943:
1759:
1660:
in Scotland in September 1941, with the exclusive mission to drop into
1407:
1048:
898:
223:
3110:
882:
712:
3116:
2205:. General Lee was the first commander at the new parachute school at
2187:
2132:
was perhaps underplayed, to the long term detriment of the argument.
1812:
1751:
1435:
1375:
1282:
1004:
soldier of 4th Paratrooper Company, 31st Paratrooper Regiment in 2016
902:
858:
756:
619:
479:
390:
215:
1723:, but all of them were cancelled. On 27 July, aware of the imminent
591:
created the Avignon-Pujaut Paratroopers Schools after he trained in
35:
1947:
1925:
1808:
1779:
1403:
1062:
881:. In the early morning hours they attacked and took control of the
832:
786:
and General Henri Sauvagnac took over the 25th Parachute Division (
743:, the Metropolitan Paratroopers, and the Colonial Paratroopers and
682:
678:
666:
486:) of the paratroopers with unit badges. As of 2022 it consists of:
282:
242:
2593:
PARACAIDISTAS, General alemán H. B. RAMCKE, Ediciones Almena 1978.
2547:
3122:
2923:"The First Sky Soldiers – Meet History's Earliest Airborne Units"
2436:
Political Wings: William Wedgewood Benn, First Viscount Stansgate
2358:
2139:
were formed in World War II in order to secure airfields for the
1646:
1627:
1604:
1583:
1410:. The Folgore participated from August 2005 to September 2005 in
1399:
1387:
1383:
1236:
1057:
Wiesel Armoured Weapons Carrier (AWC), a light air-transportable
1044:
910:
894:
874:
794:
698:
654:
650:
581:
227:
179:
3078:
in an article titled "When the Sky Rains Soldiers" which stated
2950:. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: ppv-ix.
1596:, on July 27, 1941, marking the first time in the Americas that
1755:
1431:
1395:
1391:
1367:
906:
592:
246:
237:
for troop deployment and transportation, and are often used in
2114:
were less successful, and proved, in the famous phrase, to be
1719:. It was slotted to take part in several operations after the
1100:
2604:"Sitio Oficial del Ejército Argentino – Un Ejército presente"
1763:
1681:
1290:
1110:
1037:
318:
2850:
1696:
in Scotland. It was finally based in Lincolnshire, close to
653:
and the 3e and 4e Bataillons d'Infanterie de l'Air (BIA) in
633:
1909:
1672:
eventually saw the unit sent into action in support of the
1449:
and of the other Special Forces components provided by the
1415:
464:
specialised in airborne assault operations. It is based in
250:
1274:
and two battalions of Italian troops, later joined by the
1130:
411 (Independent) Parachute Field Company (Bombay Sappers)
649:
was created from the 601e Groupe d'Infanterie de l'Air in
2140:
1559:
and in the takeover of Celebes in the Dutch East Indies.
889:. The Masnedø fort was positioned such as it guarded the
27:
Military parachutists functioning as part of an airborne
2584:
Manual de informaciones, VOLUMEN II – ANO 1960 – Numero.
2080:, to continue the growth in British airborne resources.
1875:, which now includes not only parachute troops but also
1374:. In 1991, a Parachutist Tactical group was deployed to
1293:
but was used instead in ground combat operations in the
1149:( 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade Provost Section.
735:
created several new airborne units. Among them were the
378:. Cargo aircraft of the period (for example the German
241:
to seize strategic positions behind enemy lines such as
1807:
The first Portuguese paratroopers were part of a small
615:
1142:
2 (Independent) Parachute Field Workshop Company (EME)
1016:
honorific. Near the end of the war, the series of new
927:
was unsuccessful. Their most famous drop was the 1941
3020:
See for example their contribution to General Slim's
2623:
2106:
to seize a corridor across the Netherlands as far as
1028:. The Russian army destroyed the division during the
824:). This division became the 11th Parachute Division (
3007:
Slessor, John "Some Reflections on Airborne Forces"
2968:
Slessor, John "Some Reflections on Airborne Forces"
2459:
1950:
as an active bridgehead for other forces to follow.
1347:, currently the largest unit of paratroopers of the
1297:, where it fought with great distinction during the
2887:
2883:
2881:
2626:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
1139:
50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade Signal Company
1136:
50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade OFP (Ordnance)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2851:Steven J. Zaloga; Richard Hook (21 January 1982).
2432:
2039:in Belgium, and a pivotal, but costly role in the
1856:, composed of African irregular troops who wore a
1430:(Resolution 1701), as a result of the war between
964:. These formations were organised and equipped as
206:, although some paratroopers can also function as
3095:Argentine Paratroopers – Historical Equipment etc
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
897:and Masnedø – on the main road from the south to
3155:
3057:
2878:
2228:2nd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment
2083:Extensive successful drops were made during the
1445:Other paratroopers units operate as part of the
1104:Elite soldiers of Indian Army's 9 Para Commandos
919:were also used in the Low Countries against the
509:4th Paratrooper Cavalry Scout Squadron (Córdoba)
2453:
1492:
521:Logistic & Support Base "Córdoba" (Córdoba)
198:unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as
3111:The European Military- Parachuting Association
2833:
1486:
1366:In 1982 the Italian Brigade Folgore landed in
518:4th Paratrooper Jump Support Company (Córdoba)
389:In World War II, paratroopers most often used
2795:"El CAP en la guerra con el Ecuador en 1941"
2650:"Transfer of parachute capability announced"
1688:The Brigade was originally trained close to
1195:- Has been active since 1955 and is part of
1082:The regiment has a total of 14 regular, one
914:
862:
782:, 10e DP) came under the command of General
445:
367:
2981:Hand, Roger "Overlord and Operational Art"
2776:The paratroopers were dropped from Italian
2143:– this capability is currently operated by
1848:. These units were actively engaged in the
1422:. In August 2007, the Folgore took part in
1036:were issued specialist weapons such as the
273:aircraft during Operation Toy Drop 2007 at
2996:With the 6th Airborne Division in Normandy
2894:. Cambridge University Press. p. 67.
1643:1st (Polish) Independent Parachute Brigade
1637:1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland)
751:), which coexisted until 1954. During the
639:1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company
512:4th Paratrooper Engineer Company (Córdoba)
503:601st Air Assault Regiment (Campo de Mayo)
2818:. Arribasiemprearriba.com. Archived from
2729:. Ejection-history.org.uk. Archived from
2197:sponsored the concept, and Major General
2170:Image representing a U.S. paratrooper at
1785:In 1945, the Brigade was attached to the
1603:In 1965, a paratrooper unit known as the
1555:Notably, Japanese troopers fought in the
1545:Raiding artillery company (120 personnel)
931:, though they suffered large casualties.
909:. In the same assault the bridges around
506:4th Paratrooper Artillery Group (Córdoba)
366:The first extensive use of paratroopers (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2165:
2154:
2018:
1896:
1738:
1626:
1551:Raiding engineer company (250 personnel)
1246:
1235:
1170:
1099:
995:
933:
759:strongholds and areas of concentration.
711:
632:
559:
546:3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
515:4th Paratrooper Signal Company (Córdoba)
434:
308:
260:
145:
2677:
2439:. Pen and Sword Military. p. 248.
2412:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 209.
2182:, in July 1940. The platoon leader was
1548:Raiding signals company (140 personnel)
1424:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
945:in the Military History Museum, Dresden
647:1er Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes
14:
3156:
3140:U.S. Navy Parachute Team ("Leapfrogs")
2525:. Img856.imageshack.us. Archived from
2236:American airborne landings in Normandy
2230:. For the role of paratroopers in the
2124:and involving the British 6th and the
2005:. In 1940 and in the aftermath of the
1977:has its origins in the elite force of
1328:. Other scattered elements joined the
731:, the post-war French military of the
576:Constant "Marin" Duclos was the first
566:1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment
416:
2488:"Mº 44 "Circa" (E.T.A.) Paracaidista"
2407:
2110:with the 1st Airborne Division under
1289:. It was trained for the assault on
1133:622 Parachute Composite Company (ASC)
745:Bataillons Étrangers de Parachutistes
2754:. Tanks Encyclopedia. Archived from
2744:
2550:. Modelaria.blogspot.com. 2004-02-27
1750:During the operation, the Brigade's
1533:Headquarters company (220 personnel)
1221:646th Paratroopers Brigade (Reserve)
1210:551st Paratroopers Brigade (Reserve)
1206:226th Paratroopers Brigade (Reserve)
737:Bataillon de Parachutistes Coloniaux
584:had for such life-saving equipment.
500:14th Paratroopers Regiment (Córdoba)
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2888:Jan M. Ciechanowski (16 May 2002).
2784:by General Alberto Thorndike Elmore
2203:United States Army Airborne Command
2135:Several parachute squadrons of the
1202:55th Paratroopers Brigade (Reserve)
665:, French Airborne forces fought in
401:Some military exhibition units and
302:for landing other units, as at the
24:
3145:How Armies Hit The Silk - J. Peck
3117:The Airborne Engineers Association
1993:, during the initial phase of the
1518:-level force, and was part of the
1276:Carabinieri Paratroopers Battalion
691:4e Bataillon d’Infanterie de l’Air
411:high-altitude military parachuting
25:
3200:
3088:
2857:. Osprey Publishing. p. 21.
1968:
1832:Battalion. This unit adopted the
1564:Japan Ground Self-Defense Force’s
1322:Gruppo di Combattimento "Folgore"
490:4th Airborne Brigade HQ (Córdoba)
3135:The Belgian Special Forces Group
3064:. Hearst Magazines. p. 566.
2994:See for example, Gale, Richard,
2174:, Virginia. Likely ca. 1940–1945
2150:
1529:, and was organized as follows:
1520:Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
1287:185th Parachute Division Folgore
1040:and specially designed helmets.
719:(armoured light vehicle) of the
265:U.S. Army paratroopers with the
34:
3068:
3058:Hearst Magazines (April 1930).
3051:
3026:
3014:
3001:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2953:
2940:
2915:
2808:
2787:
2770:
2719:
2671:
2642:
2617:
2596:
2587:
2223:as the father of the Airborne.
2184:1st Lieutenant William T. Ryder
2055:(some 37 men of 500 trained in
1242:Carabinieri Regiment "Tuscania"
587:In 1935, Captain Geille of the
230:together into the combat zone.
45:needs additional citations for
2578:
2561:
2540:
2515:
2498:
2480:
2466:. Merriam Press. p. 102.
2401:
2216:The U.S. Armed Forces regards
1372:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1145:252 (Para) Air Defence Battery
822:Division Légère d'Intervention
150:Paratroopers of the armies of
13:
1:
2946:Reproduced in Blunt, Victor,
2657:Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper
2606:. Ejercito.mil.ar. 2014-02-03
2460:Michael N. Ingrisano (2001).
2395:
1946:. They were also deployed in
1773:British 1st Airborne Division
1674:British 1st Airborne Division
1542:Two glider infantry regiments
1312:Corpo Italiano di Liberazione
923:, although their use against
905:in the further invasion into
877:on April 9, 1940, as part of
721:1st Parachute Hussar Regiment
597:Groupes d’Infanterie de l’Air
568:during the Second World War (
194:, usually as part of a large
3036:. Raf.mod.uk. Archived from
2998:, Sampson Low: London, 1948.
2816:"El Paracaidismo en el Perú"
2067:. The larger scale drops in
1960:Ukrainian Air Assault Forces
1787:Polish 1st Armoured Division
1600:troops were used in combat.
1475:1st Airborne Brigade (Japan)
1345:Paratroopers Brigade Folgore
1306:September 8th 1943 Armistice
1240:Italian paratroopers of the
1175:35th Brigade during training
949:Hence later in the war, the
938:Wiesel 1 MK20 (1991) of the
816:But in the aftermath of the
532:Airborne forces of Australia
525:
430:
384:Douglas C-47 Skytrain/Dakota
204:small arms and light weapons
141:Paratrooper (disambiguation)
7:
2433:Alun Wyburn-Powell (2015).
2315:
1796:
1631:Polish paratrooper standard
1493:
1447:Army Special Forces Command
1326:Italian Co-belligerent Army
1299:Second battle of El Alamein
1127:60 Parachute Field Hospital
493:2nd Paratroopers Regiment "
475:Fuerza de Despliegue Rápido
413:, also deploying manually.
342:Gruppo speciale Aviazione I
256:
10:
3205:
3105:Pathfinder Parachute Group
2572:September 1, 2011, at the
2384:Gryphon (parachute system)
2323:List of paratrooper forces
1957:
1953:
1890:
1800:
1729:Polish government in exile
1634:
1607:was established under the
1577:
1468:
1357:"Vittorio Veneto" Division
1351:. The Brigade operates as
1310:Italian Liberation Corps (
1229:
1075:Parachute Regiment (India)
1072:
842:
838:
550:Special Operations Command
529:
423:List of paratrooper forces
420:
351:piloted by Canadian Major
220:infantry fighting vehicles
138:
131:
2891:The Warsaw Rising of 1944
2242:U.S. Combat Jumps in WWII
1908:were first formed in the
1886:
1746:, the brigade's commander
1717:Polish Forces in the West
1622:
1487:
1316:and later as part of the
1272:Royal Libyan Troops Corps
1166:
1059:armoured fighting vehicle
915:
826:11e Division Parachutiste
788:25e Division Parachutiste
780:10e Division Parachutiste
555:
281:Paratroopers jump out of
3076:Popular Sciences page 55
2523:"Paratrooper photograph"
2410:A Dictionary of Aviation
2408:Wragg, David W. (1973).
2137:Royal Air Force Regiment
2095:), under the command of
1854:Parachute Special Groups
1568:Ground Component Command
1464:
1418:and to December 2014 in
1225:
1088:Territorial Army (India)
1068:
831:In the aftermath of the
132:Not to be confused with
2854:The Polish Army 1939–45
2687:Australian Army Journal
2509:March 29, 2012, at the
2284:Operation Market Garden
2104:Operation Market Garden
1922:100th Airborne Division
1893:Russian Airborne Forces
1850:Portuguese Colonial War
1803:Portuguese Paratroopers
1734:Operation Market Garden
1670:Operation Market Garden
1617:National Police of Peru
1590:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
1573:
1330:Italian Social Republic
893:between the islands of
542:1st Parachute Battalion
2927:MilitaryHistoryNow.com
2678:Scanlan, Paul (2012).
2180:29th Infantry Regiment
2175:
2160:
2159:WWII U.S. paratroopers
2078:the invasion of France
2024:
1906:Soviet Airborne Forces
1902:
1873:Rapid Reaction Brigade
1747:
1666:Western theatre of war
1632:
1525:It was commanded by a
1380:Operation Restore Hope
1318:"Folgore" Combat Group
1295:North African Campaign
1255:
1244:
1176:
1121:03 Airborne battalions
1105:
1005:
946:
863:
793:By the late 1950s, in
724:
697:in September 1944, in
642:
622:alongside the British
573:
458:4 Brigada Paracaidista
446:
440:
368:
314:
278:
267:82nd Airborne Division
167:
162:during an exercise in
2948:The User of Air Power
2354:National Airborne Day
2349:Pathfinder (military)
2195:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2169:
2158:
2089:6th Airborne Division
2073:1st Airborne Division
2033:Glider Pilot Regiment
2022:
1900:
1742:
1685:Rhine in Oosterbeek.
1656:, created during the
1649:under the command of
1630:
1426:, under aegis of the
1250:
1239:
1180:Israel Defense Forces
1174:
1103:
1054:Fallschirmjägertruppe
999:
943:Fallschirmjägertruppe
937:
869:units made the first
749:French Foreign Legion
715:
636:
563:
454:4th Parachute Brigade
438:
357:William Wedgwood Benn
353:William George Barker
312:
264:
149:
3169:Military parachuting
3034:"RAF Regiment Roles"
2289:Operation Shoestring
2130:Far Eastern theatres
2029:Air Landing Regiment
1901:Russian paratroopers
1824:Portuguese Air Force
1791:new Communist Poland
1744:Stanisław Sosabowski
1721:invasion of Normandy
1654:Stanisław Sosabowski
1251:Paratroopers of the
1193:Paratroopers Brigade
1109:equipped with their
879:Operation Weserübung
685:) on June 5 with 17
663:Invasion of Normandy
407:"ram-air" parachutes
355:and British Captain
176:military parachutist
139:For other uses, see
54:improve this article
18:Military parachuting
3189:Military parachutes
3123:ArmyParatrooper.org
2780:bomber-transports.
2264:Operation Avalanche
2100:Richard Nelson Gale
2053:Special Air Service
1826:, as the Parachute
1811:unit, organized in
1736:in September 1944.
1709:nationwide uprising
1580:Paratrooper Company
1557:Battle of Palembang
1032:in April 1945. The
828:, 11e DP) in 1971.
803:War of Independence
753:First Indochina War
701:on January, and in
659:Special Air Service
614:who had escaped to
460:) is a unit of the
439:Military exhibition
417:Historical examples
338:Savoia-Pomilio SP.4
275:Pope Air Force Base
212:mechanized infantry
184:military operations
182:trained to conduct
3179:Combat occupations
3128:2010-01-31 at the
2338:Military Free Fall
2333:Air Assault Troops
2269:Operation Overlord
2209:, in west-central
2176:
2161:
2061:Operation Colossus
2025:
2007:Dunkirk evacuation
1985:at the request of
1975:Parachute Regiment
1903:
1877:special operations
1754:battery went into
1748:
1633:
1570:(Japanese: 陸上総隊).
1256:
1245:
1177:
1106:
1006:
982:in France and the
966:motorised infantry
951:7th Air Division's
947:
725:
643:
612:Free French forces
574:
441:
327:Alessandro Tandura
315:
313:Alessandro Tandura
279:
192:area of operations
168:
3061:Popular Mechanics
2901:978-0-521-89441-8
2864:978-0-85045-417-8
2782:Skydiving in Peru
2635:978-0-19-551784-2
2494:on March 1, 2014.
2473:978-1-57638-339-1
2304:Operation Varsity
2299:Raid at Los Baños
2294:Operation Topside
2279:Operation Dragoon
2274:Operation Cyclone
2259:Operation Postern
2232:Normandy Landings
2122:Operation Varsity
2085:Normandy landings
2041:invasion of Crete
1987:Winston Churchill
1705:Polish resistance
1613:counterinsurgency
1514:. The unit was a
1412:Operation Babylon
987:Parachute Brigade
871:airborne invasion
801:had launched its
675:Operation Samwest
671:Operation Dingson
645:In May 1943, the
626:. As part of the
608:Charles de Gaulle
382:and the American
269:parachute from a
190:directly into an
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3196:
3174:Airborne warfare
3083:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2848:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2701:. Archived from
2684:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:on July 26, 2011
2519:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2490:. Archived from
2484:
2478:
2477:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2117:A Bridge too far
2045:strategic bomber
1995:Second World War
1940:Pristina Airport
1817:Portuguese Timor
1678:Battle of Arnhem
1658:Second World War
1645:was a parachute
1536:Aviation brigade
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1343:conscripted the
1218:
1084:Rashtriya Rifles
1030:Battle of Berlin
1008:After mid-1944,
918:
917:
891:Storstrøm Bridge
868:
762:When the French
624:1st SAS Regiment
604:Battle of France
589:French Air Force
495:General Balcarce
470:Córdoba Province
451:
373:
350:
340:aircraft of the
335:
291:airborne assault
239:surprise attacks
164:Pordenone, Italy
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3154:
3153:
3147:Popular Science
3130:Wayback Machine
3091:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3056:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3022:Burma campaign.
3019:
3015:
3006:
3002:
2993:
2989:
2983:Military Review
2980:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2886:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2849:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:Wayback Machine
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2511:Wayback Machine
2503:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:Parachute tower
2328:Airborne forces
2318:
2313:
2309:Operation Gypsy
2254:Operation Husky
2249:Operation Torch
2153:
2093:Operation Tonga
2037:Fort Eben-Emael
1999:First World War
1971:
1962:
1956:
1895:
1889:
1881:commando troops
1866:Portuguese Army
1805:
1799:
1725:Warsaw Uprising
1662:occupied Poland
1639:
1625:
1586:
1578:Main articles:
1576:
1539:Raiding brigade
1484:
1477:
1469:Main articles:
1467:
1398:), with MNF in
1339:After WW2, the
1334:Battle of Anzio
1253:Brigade Folgore
1234:
1228:
1212:
1197:Central Command
1169:
1077:
1071:
1034:Fallschirmjäger
1022:Fallschirmjäger
1018:Fallschirmjäger
1014:Fallschirmjäger
1010:Fallschirmjäger
960:Fallschirmjäger
954:Fallschirmjäger
929:Battle of Crete
916:Fallschirmjäger
887:Aalborg Airport
865:Fallschirmjäger
847:
845:Fallschirmjäger
841:
739:(BPC) based in
733:Fourth Republic
637:Members of the
564:Members of the
558:
538:Australian Army
534:
528:
448:Fallschirmjäger
433:
425:
419:
370:Fallschirmjäger
361:Vittorio Veneto
344:
329:
304:Battle of Crete
259:
196:airborne forces
144:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3089:External links
3087:
3085:
3084:
3067:
3050:
3025:
3013:
3009:Army Quarterly
3000:
2987:
2974:
2970:Army Quarterly
2961:
2952:
2939:
2914:
2900:
2877:
2863:
2832:
2807:
2797:. Oocities.org
2786:
2778:Caproni Ca.111
2769:
2758:on 8 June 2015
2743:
2718:
2670:
2641:
2634:
2616:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2560:
2539:
2514:
2497:
2479:
2472:
2452:
2446:978-1473848146
2445:
2425:
2418:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2221:William C. Lee
2199:William C. Lee
2152:
2149:
2057:No. 2 Commando
2011:Fall of France
1991:Prime Minister
1981:set up by the
1970:
1969:United Kingdom
1967:
1958:Main article:
1955:
1952:
1891:Main article:
1888:
1885:
1801:Main article:
1798:
1795:
1698:RAF Spitalgate
1635:Main article:
1624:
1621:
1594:Puerto Bolívar
1575:
1572:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1504:special forces
1481:Teishin Shudan
1471:Teishin Shudan
1466:
1463:
1428:United Nations
1390:(IFOR/SFOR in
1353:Light Infantry
1230:Main article:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1168:
1165:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1095:jungle warfare
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1043:In the modern
873:when invading
843:Main article:
840:
837:
818:Algiers putsch
723:in Afghanistan
602:Following the
557:
554:
530:Main article:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
491:
462:Argentine Army
432:
429:
421:Main article:
418:
415:
403:special forces
336:jumped from a
295:fortifications
287:theater of war
271:C-130 Hercules
258:
255:
200:light infantry
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3054:
3040:on 2014-03-09
3039:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:, 1948, p164.
3010:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2972:, 1948, p161.
2971:
2965:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2882:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2822:on 2014-08-08
2821:
2817:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2733:on 2015-01-06
2732:
2728:
2722:
2708:on 2019-04-15
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2419:9780850451634
2415:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:Major General
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2151:United States
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:Major-General
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:1st Battalion
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:Western Front
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:Western Front
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1692:and later in
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:Major General
1648:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:major general
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1495:
1494:Raiding Group
1483:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:Castel Benito
1254:
1249:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1232:Paracadutisti
1220:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:maroon berets
1181:
1173:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
998:
994:
992:
988:
986:
981:
980:Group Erdmann
977:
976:
971:
970:battle groups
967:
963:
961:
955:
952:
944:
941:
936:
932:
930:
926:
922:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
866:
861:
860:
855:
851:
846:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
784:Jacques Massu
781:
777:
772:
770:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:Vannes-Meucon
738:
734:
730:
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
640:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
571:
567:
562:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
492:
489:
488:
487:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
449:
437:
428:
424:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
387:
385:
381:
380:Junkers Ju 52
377:
376:Allied Forces
372:
371:
364:
362:
358:
354:
348:
343:
339:
333:
328:
324:
320:
311:
307:
305:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
263:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:by utilizing
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
165:
161:
160:United States
157:
153:
148:
142:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
69:"Paratrooper"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3164:Paratroopers
3146:
3079:
3070:
3060:
3053:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:the original
3028:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2929:. 2013-03-11
2926:
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2890:
2868:. Retrieved
2853:
2824:. Retrieved
2820:the original
2810:
2799:. Retrieved
2789:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:the original
2752:"Wiesel AWC"
2746:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2727:"Live Tests"
2721:
2710:. Retrieved
2703:the original
2690:
2686:
2673:
2656:
2644:
2625:
2619:
2608:. Retrieved
2598:
2589:
2580:
2563:
2552:. Retrieved
2542:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:the original
2517:
2500:
2492:the original
2482:
2462:
2455:
2435:
2428:
2409:
2403:
2241:
2240:
2225:
2215:
2207:Fort Benning
2192:
2177:
2172:Fort Belvoir
2162:
2134:
2115:
2112:Roy Urquhart
2082:
2050:
2026:
2014:
1983:British Army
1972:
1963:
1937:
1930:
1914:World War II
1910:Soviet Union
1904:
1870:
1862:
1858:maroon beret
1827:
1821:
1806:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1749:
1702:
1687:
1642:
1640:
1602:
1587:
1561:
1554:
1524:
1512:World War II
1510:unit during
1480:
1479:
1478:
1444:
1440:Italian Army
1394:and KFOR in
1365:
1361:Italian Army
1349:Italian Army
1341:Italian Army
1338:
1321:
1311:
1303:
1280:
1257:
1178:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1116:
1107:
1092:
1081:
1078:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1026:World War II
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1001:
991:North Africa
984:
979:
975:Kampfgruppen
973:
959:
953:
948:
942:
939:
913:were taken.
857:
854:Nazi Germany
852:
848:
830:
825:
821:
815:
811:fire support
792:
787:
779:
773:
764:left Vietnam
761:
744:
736:
729:World War II
726:
695:Loire Valley
690:
646:
644:
641:in Indochina
601:
596:
586:
575:
535:
494:
483:
474:
457:
442:
426:
400:
388:
365:
316:
280:
235:World War II
232:
208:artillerymen
175:
171:
169:
134:Paramilitary
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3149:, June 1945
2548:"Modelaria"
2379:Treejumping
2374:Static line
2369:Smokejumper
2364:Parachuting
2340:– HALO/HAHO
2188:B-18 bomber
2145:II Squadron
1942:during the
1834:green beret
1707:during the
1694:Upper Largo
1690:RAF Ringway
1609:Civil Guard
1588:During the
1459:Carabinieri
1420:Afghanistan
1213: [
921:Netherlands
807:air assault
776:French Army
769:Suez Crisis
703:Netherlands
687:Free French
628:SAS Brigade
570:Free French
540:formed the
497:" (Córdoba)
484:Boina Rojas
396:static line
345: [
330: [
224:light tanks
202:armed with
188:parachuting
172:paratrooper
3158:Categories
3044:2014-02-25
2933:2024-05-09
2826:2014-02-25
2801:2014-02-25
2737:2014-02-25
2712:2017-07-01
2610:2014-02-25
2554:2014-02-25
2533:2014-02-25
2396:References
2344:Jumpmaster
2031:, and the
1944:Kosovo War
1842:Mozambique
1760:Oosterbeek
1408:East Timor
1156:rotation.
1049:Bundeswehr
1002:Bundeswehr
940:Bundeswehr
899:Copenhagen
774:Next, the
606:, General
480:Red berets
405:units use
391:parachutes
249:and major
228:airdropped
216:field guns
158:, and the
80:newspapers
2985:, 1995:87
2699:1448-2843
2665:0729-5685
1979:Commandos
1829:Caçadores
1813:Australia
1752:anti-tank
1522:(IJAAF).
1455:Air Force
1436:Hezbollah
1376:Kurdistan
1370:with the
1324:) of the
1283:Tarquinia
1063:tankettes
1000:A German
925:The Hague
903:Luftwaffe
885:fort and
859:Luftwaffe
757:Viet Minh
620:Cyrenaica
526:Australia
431:Argentina
243:airfields
226:that are
3184:Infantry
3126:Archived
2570:Archived
2507:Archived
2316:See also
2048:viable.
2009:and the
1948:Chechnya
1926:Cold War
1809:commando
1797:Portugal
1780:Nijmegen
1598:airborne
1516:division
1508:airborne
1501:Japanese
1404:INTERFET
1086:and two
962:Division
833:Cold War
707:Provence
683:Morbihan
679:Plumelec
667:Brittany
582:aviators
321:and the
319:Italians
283:aircraft
257:Overview
110:May 2024
2359:Airdrop
2211:Georgia
2126:US 17th
2087:by the
2071:by the
1954:Ukraine
1732:during
1676:at the
1647:brigade
1605:Sinchis
1584:Sinchis
1400:Albania
1388:Balkans
1384:Somalia
1264:Tripoli
1262:, near
911:Aalborg
895:Falster
883:Masnedø
875:Denmark
839:Germany
795:Algeria
699:Belgium
657:in the
655:England
651:Morocco
616:Britain
466:Córdoba
323:Soviets
300:airhead
247:bridges
180:soldier
166:, 2019.
152:Britain
94:scholar
2898:
2861:
2762:7 June
2697:
2663:
2632:
2470:
2443:
2416:
2108:Arnhem
2102:, but
2069:Sicily
1989:, the
1918:Guards
1887:Russia
1846:Guinea
1838:Angola
1756:Arnhem
1727:, the
1623:Poland
1499:was a
1432:Israel
1396:Kosovo
1392:Bosnia
1368:Beirut
1167:Israel
1052:, the
1045:German
985:Ramcke
907:Norway
797:, the
727:After
593:Moscow
578:French
556:France
472:. The
452:. The
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2907:6 May
2870:6 May
2706:(PDF)
2683:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2091:(see
1764:Driel
1682:Driel
1611:as a
1465:Japan
1291:Malta
1268:Libya
1226:Italy
1217:]
1191:35th
1111:BMP-2
1069:India
1038:FG 42
349:]
334:]
251:roads
178:is a
156:Italy
101:JSTOR
87:books
2909:2011
2896:ISBN
2872:2011
2859:ISBN
2764:2015
2695:ISSN
2661:ISSN
2630:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2234:see
1973:The
1879:and
1844:and
1641:The
1582:and
1574:Peru
1488:挺進集団
1473:and
1457:and
1451:Navy
1434:and
1416:Iraq
1402:and
958:1st
809:and
572:SAS)
222:and
73:news
2141:RAF
1933:VDV
1414:in
1406:in
1382:in
989:in
856:'s
799:FLN
717:VBL
669:, (
210:or
186:by
174:or
56:by
3160::
2925:.
2880:^
2835:^
2691:IX
2689:.
2685:.
2655:.
2238:.
2213:.
2147:.
2015:".
1883:.
1860:.
1840:,
1819:.
1793:.
1775:.
1668:.
1619:.
1491:,
1461:.
1453:,
1442:.
1363:.
1336:.
1278:.
1215:he
993:.
813:.
771:.
709:.
681:,
673:,
599:.
552:.
468:,
347:it
332:it
306:.
253:.
245:,
218:,
170:A
154:,
3047:.
2936:.
2911:.
2874:.
2829:.
2804:.
2766:.
2740:.
2715:.
2667:.
2638:.
2613:.
2557:.
2536:.
2476:.
2449:.
2422:.
1506:/
1497:)
1485:(
1320:(
1314:)
1266:(
972:(
747:(
482:(
456:(
277:.
143:.
136:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
