103:
45:
697:
946:
673:
685:
166:
803:, acting in concert with its elected general staff and in consultation with insurgent detachments, thus "representing the authority of the civilian over the military." The VRS even came into conflict with the Makhnovist general staff over a number of unilateral decisions by the latter, including the execution of members of the
971:
The third VRS was constituted at a time when the
Makhnovshchina's territory had reached its largest extent, while the military and political situation in Ukraine was still fluid. During its time, it implemented a score of economic and social measures. Following the capture of cities and towns, the
783:
at the will of the
Regional Congress and its activities were limited to those explicitly outlined by the Congresses themselves. At each Regional Congress, the VRS was to provide detailed reports of its activities and subjected itself to reorganization. When it came to the decisions of local
884:
989:
wrote that "his practice on the part of the insurgents is a good illustration of their approach; they took the lead in eliminating state power used by Whites, Reds or any other hegemony-seeking faction, before inviting workers to get on with self-organization."
807:. This eventually resulted in an agreement between the two, which reaffirmed the purview of the VRS as being in "administrative, economic, and financial matters", while the insurgent army itself would concentrate on "military affairs."
925:. However, Hryhoriv would be assassinated by the Makhnovists before the negotiations ended. With the only crucial tactical decisions having been made before its establishment, the second VRS was constituted while on the retreat to
980:
would be extended throughout the territory. It subsequently oversaw the seizure of money from local banks and its redistribution to the populace, particularly paying attention to supplying local children's homes and hospitals in
985:. It then appealed to the local populace to summon their own municipal conferences, which would assume control of their local affairs, while the VRS itself stepped back to take on a purely military function.
1037:, a new coordinating body concerned entirely with military affairs and drawing largely from an insurgent base. This new VRS consisted of 7 members, elected directly by the insurgents, and was headed by
1056:. The VRS again called for a ceasefire on 30 September, this time successfully, resulting in a political and military agreement being made between the Makhnovists and Bolsheviks.
1001:
533:
1021:, declaring that: "Ukrainian, and all other, working people have the right to self-determination not as an ‘independent nation’, but as ‘independent workers’."
878:
command began to heighten, the VRS convened a Fourth
Regional Congress for 15 June. However, this Congress would never take place, as a Red Army attack against
1017:
of
Ukrainian workers. They contrasted their vision of "social independence" for Ukrainian workers and peasants with the "national independence" sought by the
768:
491:
127:
956:
On 1 September 1919, the insurgent army called a meeting to restructure the army, in order to rapidly mobilize its forces for partisan warfare against the
1654:
1669:
1664:
1649:
1059:
However, the final VRS would end up dissolving by
December 1920, when a number of its members, including Popov, were assassinated by the Red Army.
727:
584:
1013:. The VRS envisaged the "free soviets" as laying the groundwork for an eventual "All-Ukrainian Labour Congress", which would result from the
1644:
1639:
569:
550:
1634:
871:
800:
513:
1546:
Shubin, Aleksandr (2010). "The
Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921". In Hirsch, Steven J.;
929:
and its role was largely confined to propaganda work. One of the appeals that the second VRS issued was a denunciation of the
720:
180:
647:
1491:
1607:
1567:
1528:
242:
190:
995:
713:
1674:
642:
579:
22:
1589:
863:, as the constitution of the VRS outlined that it could only be disbanded by a Regional Congress, not by any
599:
555:
637:
207:
165:
833:
232:
1052:, but they received no reply, leaving the Makhnovshchina to effectively fall under the control of the
44:
185:
779:
Its powers covered both military and civil matters in the region, although it was also subject to
1659:
538:
237:
149:
824:
while
Congress was not in session. The first VRS consisted of 32 delegates, each representing a
1038:
977:
821:
760:
368:
820:
On 12 February 1919, the Second
Regional Congress elected the first VRS to act as the interim
1510:
1018:
973:
930:
545:
212:
197:
829:
657:
617:
263:
227:
8:
1547:
837:
804:
622:
222:
217:
1033:
in
January 1920, the Military Revolutionary Council was disbanded and replaced with the
901:
Moves to reconstitute the VRS were made during negotiations between the
Makhnovists and
1520:
1014:
910:
841:
415:
388:
202:
1613:
1603:
1573:
1563:
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1524:
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864:
518:
445:
348:
343:
288:
1585:
1559:
1030:
986:
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on 11 June resulted in the capture and execution of a number of VRS members by the
789:
785:
745:
689:
677:
430:
358:
353:
298:
293:
918:
844:
as chairman of the VRS; Leonid Kogan as vice-chairman; and Karbet as secretary.
780:
701:
652:
435:
378:
328:
318:
1053:
957:
934:
922:
793:
764:
528:
523:
405:
363:
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303:
278:
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157:
107:
1538:
1501:
1628:
1577:
965:
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860:
508:
450:
440:
420:
373:
333:
308:
283:
268:
49:
1617:
945:
1552:
Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940
1068:
1006:
906:
627:
503:
481:
425:
383:
1483:
852:
632:
455:
323:
313:
117:
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856:
848:
589:
574:
410:
137:
1595:
1045:
393:
53:
1599:
1220:
1049:
875:
1411:
1086:
1084:
1002:
Draft Declaration of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1555:
1516:
1479:
1044:
In July and August 1920, the fourth VRS attempted to propose a
982:
1081:
940:
767:, empowered to act during the interim between sittings of the
684:
961:
949:
890:
594:
460:
926:
825:
993:
The third VRS also edited the Makhnovists' official organ
960:. A third VRS was elected, consisting of 30 members, with
796:, with no power over the local bodies of self-government.
1451:
1387:
1363:
1339:
1315:
913:
of the army would have been subordinate to the VRS, with
896:
1375:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1024:
952:, chairman of the Third Military Revolutionary Council.
815:
1303:
1112:
1476:
Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21
1399:
1351:
1327:
1291:
1172:
128:
Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents
1439:
1427:
1272:
1208:
1196:
1148:
1136:
1124:
964:
being elected as its chairman, at the insistence of
16:
De facto executive of the Makhnovshchina (1919–1920)
1260:
1248:
1236:
1100:
799:The VRS also functioned as the supreme body of the
1184:
1160:
1009:" as the basis of a "transitional period" towards
1554:. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6.
909:. In the proposed amalgamated force, Hryhoriv as
855:openly demanding its abolition during a visit to
1626:
847:The constitution of the VRS was opposed by the
840:. The Second Regional Congress further elected
721:
941:Third council (October 1919 – January 1920)
1655:Government agencies disestablished in 1920
728:
714:
944:
1670:Organizations of the Russian Revolution
1665:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1650:Government agencies established in 1919
792:, the VRS presented itself as a solely
514:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1627:
1584:
1545:
1512:Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War
1457:
1421:
1405:
1393:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1297:
1230:
1214:
1202:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
897:Second council (August – October 1919)
21:Not to be confused with the 1918-1934
1508:
1473:
1445:
1433:
1417:
1381:
1309:
1285:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1226:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1090:
1025:Final council (June – December 1920)
816:First council (February – June 1919)
648:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
13:
1645:Anarchist organizations in Ukraine
14:
1686:
1640:1920 disestablishments in Ukraine
1591:Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack
695:
683:
671:
164:
101:
43:
1594:. Translated by Sharkey, Paul.
1467:
1048:and military alliance with the
1035:Revolutionary Insurgent Council
1635:1919 establishments in Ukraine
742:Military Revolutionary Council
487:Military Revolutionary Council
32:Military Revolutionary Council
23:Revolutionary Military Council
1:
1074:
859:. This demand was refused by
243:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict
801:Revolutionary Insurgent Army
7:
1062:
1005:, which elaborated on the "
917:acting as its chairman and
774:
643:Ukrainian People's Republic
10:
1691:
810:
750:Военно-революционный Совет
233:Northern Taurida Operation
85:26 November 1920
70:12 February 1919
38:Военно-революционный Совет
20:
749:
133:
123:
113:
96:
81:
66:
61:
42:
37:
30:
870:As tensions between the
1509:Malet, Michael (1982).
972:VRS announced complete
564:Political organisations
52:and his lieutenants in
1019:Ukrainian nationalists
978:freedom of association
953:
498:Military organisations
198:Austro-German invasion
191:Oleksandrivsk Uprising
1675:Ukrainian governments
1474:Darch, Colin (2020).
1011:libertarian communism
974:freedom of expression
948:
931:Ukrainian nationalist
546:Ukrainian Soviet Army
213:Battle of Perehonivka
1562:. pp. 147–191.
1548:van der Walt, Lucien
999:and published their
690:Socialism portal
678:Anarchism portal
658:Zaporozhian Cossacks
618:Anarchism in Ukraine
228:Starobilsk agreement
186:Ukrainian–Soviet War
1460:, pp. 237–239.
1396:, pp. 332–333.
1384:, pp. 111–112.
1372:, pp. 158–159.
1348:, pp. 157–158.
1324:, pp. 277–279.
1041:as its secretary.
996:The Road to Freedom
805:Polonsky conspiracy
769:Regional Congresses
702:Politics portal
623:Anarchist communism
259:Military commanders
223:Polonsky conspiracy
218:Eichenfeld massacre
1521:Palgrave Macmillan
1229:, pp. 54–55;
1029:After the fall of
1015:self-determination
954:
911:commander-in-chief
842:Ivan Chernoknizhny
203:Battle of Dibrivka
1586:Skirda, Alexandre
1312:, pp. 70–71.
1181:, pp. 51–52.
1121:, pp. 93–94.
865:central authority
738:
737:
492:Regional Congress
143:
142:
1682:
1621:
1581:
1542:
1505:
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1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
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1098:
1088:
987:Alexandre Skirda
903:Nykyfor Hryhoriv
888:
751:
730:
723:
716:
700:
699:
688:
687:
676:
675:
674:
400:Civilian leaders
238:Siege of Perekop
208:Battle of Donbas
168:
145:
144:
106:
105:
104:
92:
90:
77:
75:
47:
33:
28:
27:
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1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:, p. 111;
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1125:
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1113:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1065:
1027:
943:
919:Hryhorii Makhno
899:
882:
818:
813:
777:
734:
694:
682:
672:
670:
663:
662:
653:Ukrainian State
613:
605:
604:
474:
466:
465:
256:
248:
247:
181:1917 Revolution
176:
102:
100:
88:
86:
73:
71:
57:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1688:
1678:
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1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Makhnovshchina
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1582:
1568:
1543:
1529:
1506:
1493:978-0745338880
1492:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1448:, p. 110.
1438:
1436:, p. 107.
1426:
1424:, p. 316.
1410:
1408:, p. 169.
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1360:, p. 158.
1350:
1338:
1336:, p. 159.
1326:
1314:
1302:
1300:, p. 113.
1290:
1288:, p. 111.
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1233:, p. 100.
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1157:, p. 314.
1147:
1145:, p. 333.
1135:
1133:, p. 112.
1123:
1111:
1099:
1093:, p. 27;
1079:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1054:White movement
1026:
1023:
983:Yekaterinoslav
958:White movement
942:
939:
935:Symon Petliura
923:chief of staff
898:
895:
834:Yekaterinoslav
817:
814:
812:
809:
794:advisory board
781:instant recall
776:
773:
765:Makhnovshchina
736:
735:
733:
732:
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718:
710:
707:
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612:Related topics
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1609:1-902593-68-5
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1569:9789004188495
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1530:0-333-25969-6
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1276:
1269:, p. 41.
1268:
1263:
1257:, p. 62.
1256:
1251:
1245:, p. 60.
1244:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1217:, p. 95.
1216:
1211:
1205:, p. 94.
1204:
1199:
1193:, p. 52.
1192:
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1175:
1169:, p. 27.
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1109:, p. 87.
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966:Nestor Makhno
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915:Nestor Makhno
912:
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861:Nestor Makhno
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509:Kontrrazvedka
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473:Organisations
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416:Chernoknizhny
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1484:Pluto Press
1458:Skirda 2004
1422:Skirda 2004
1406:Shubin 2010
1394:Skirda 2004
1370:Skirda 2004
1358:Skirda 2004
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1143:Skirda 2004
1131:Skirda 2004
1119:Skirda 2004
1107:Skirda 2004
1095:Skirda 2004
883: [
853:Lev Kamenev
633:Platformism
585:Maximalists
446:Sukhovolski
349:Maskalevsky
67:Established
1629:Categories
1539:1194667963
1502:1225942343
1446:Darch 2020
1434:Darch 2020
1418:Malet 1982
1382:Malet 1982
1310:Darch 2020
1286:Malet 1982
1267:Malet 1982
1255:Darch 2020
1243:Darch 2020
1227:Darch 2020
1191:Malet 1982
1179:Malet 1982
1167:Malet 1982
1091:Malet 1982
1075:References
907:green army
872:Insurgents
857:Huliaipole
849:Bolsheviks
790:assemblies
756:) was the
590:Mensheviks
575:Borotbists
570:Bolsheviks
389:Vasylivsky
359:Nikiforova
299:Havrylenko
289:Cherednyak
138:Huliaipole
89:1920-11-26
74:1919-02-12
1596:Edinburgh
1588:(2004) .
1578:868808983
1046:ceasefire
830:provinces
828:from the
822:executive
761:executive
600:Right SRs
534:Air Fleet
529:6th Corps
524:2nd Corps
519:1st Corps
379:Sharovsky
344:Marchenko
339:S. Makhno
334:N. Makhno
329:H. Makhno
319:Kurylenko
274:Bondarets
82:Dissolved
54:Berdiansk
1618:58872511
1600:AK Press
1550:(eds.).
1063:See also
1050:Red Army
880:Dibrivka
876:Red Army
874:and the
826:district
775:Function
758:de facto
580:Left SRs
539:Flotilla
451:Taratuta
441:Mratchny
436:Kuzmenko
406:Arshinov
364:Petrenko
354:Maslakov
304:Karetnyk
294:Chubenko
264:Belochub
150:a series
148:Part of
118:Chairman
62:Overview
1031:Nikopol
933:leader
921:as its
851:, with
838:Taurida
811:History
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763:of the
746:Russian
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421:Fleshin
284:Budanov
175:History
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314:Kozhyn
309:Kotsur
269:Bilash
255:People
152:on the
114:Leader
97:Polity
56:(1919)
1560:Brill
962:Volin
950:Volin
891:Cheka
887:]
595:Nabat
461:Volin
456:Teper
411:Baron
394:Zadov
369:Popov
324:Lyuty
279:Brova
1614:OCLC
1604:ISBN
1574:OCLC
1564:ISBN
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1525:ISBN
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1488:ISBN
976:and
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836:and
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