Mike German, Baron German

1149:. The Liberal Democrats were expected to lose some seats to Labour in Plasnewydd, though German's wife Georgette German was considered safe because of her local popularity. A close fight was expected between the two parties in Cathays, though German was not considered to be at risk, having established himself as a known national figure in the Liberal Democrats by this time. At the election, the Liberal Democrats' total seat share fell from 11 to 9, though the party did retain its seats in Cathays. It however failed to win the seat of the ward's incumbent Labour councillor Derek Allinson, who fought off a close challenge from the party to keep it for Labour. These were seen as good results for the party, which was at risk of losing more of its seats to Labour and the Conservatives. Commenting on the election results, German said the Liberal Democrats had been able to consolidate their position in the council and was now a "force to be reckoned with". Labour regained control of the council following the election. This was the last election to the council and therefore the last contested by German and his party. Cardiff City Council was abolished in 1996 and replaced by 1467:

negotiate a coalition with him. On 11 May, he publicly ruled out a coalition and announced his plan to form a minority administration. Michael said he did not form a coalition because it "would have been inclusive of one party and exclusive of the others" when the new assembly had to, in his view, foster trust and cooperation between all the different parties. It is also believed that Michael concluded that the three other parties in the assembly would not be able to find enough common-ground to vote against Labour and form an alternative programme for government. German and the Liberal Democrats disapproved of Michael's decision and argued that a minority administration would not provide the stability required of a devolved government for Wales. The party also signalled that it would abstain during the nomination of the first secretary on 12 May. Plaid Cymru welcomed Michael's decision, believing that a minority administration would give them greater influence, and announced that it would not oppose Michael's nomination as first secretary on 12 May.

1744:, German and the Conservatives' Nick Bourne for debate on 9 February. Ahead of the vote, German's party discussed negotiating a coalition or deal with Michael's administration, but it was ultimately decided that this was too unpopular a move for the party. German also believed that such a coalition would provide little advantages for the party in keeping Michael's challenged premiership afloat. Labour business secretary Andrew Davies had also met with German ahead of the motion, ostensibly as a representative of the majority of the Labour group, to receive assurance from him that the Liberal Democrats would not back Michael in the vote; Labour's AMs had agreed not to renominate Michael for first secretary if he lost the vote and had agreed to elect Morgan in his place. The motion of no confidence passed with the backing of all three opposition parties and Michael resigned. Labour's 1680:

passed on 19 October. Michael refused to dismiss Gwyther following the motion as, he argued, it was him, not the assembly, who was responsible for appointing and dismissing ministers, and she received the backing of the rest of his cabinet to remain in post. In response to this and several other factors, Nick Bourne's Conservatives tabled a motion of no confidence in Michael as first secretary which, if passed, would require him to resign. Plaid Cymru and the Liberal Democrats did not back the motion and it was voted down on 2 November by Labour because of its lack of support. German said the motion acted as "a warning shot across the bows of this administration" and warned that his party would not abstain in a second confidence motion if Michael failed to meet his expectations and secure funding from the

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stepped down from the council in 1995. After the 1983 election, German criticised the Conservative administration of Ron Watkiss for giving each of the Liberals just one seat in the council's different committees, with German occupying a seat on the land committee and his colleagues Georgette German and Fred Hornblow occupying a seat on the personnel committee and the licensing committee each. He said the members of his group should have been given seats on committees with remits that covered specific issues in their wards of Cathays and Plasnewydd and accused the Conservatives of having "gagged" his party on those issues, claims Watkiss denied.

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prisoners into three groups, one of infected prisoners, one of prisoners who are having symptoms of COVID-19 and may be infected, and one of prisoners who were vulnerable to the disease. German said the policy was failing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and was "potentially leading to more and more inmates contracting the virus, turning prisons into an incubator for the disease", and again put forward his party's policy of releasing low-risk prisoners. During this period, German also expressed concerns for the planning law reforms being implemented by

2176: 2520:; his main home at the time was located near Cwmbran. Following the discovery, German said he generally spent "several nights a week in Cardiff" and believed his "claims reflect the expenditure requirement to be for Assembly business", adding that they were "justified to maintain a second home in Cardiff". He also said he "underst public concern about second homes" and said he would give any profits made from the sale of his second home back to the National Assembly. 8560: 2411: 638: 1815: 1921:, the announcement covered projects which intended to encourage education and training, improve people's skills in business and support the unemployed in finding work. In November, he named 12 more projects in the same regions which would join the programme, worth a total of £8.8 million in financial support. In early December, German visited Brussels to further explore economic incentives from the Objective One programme for Wales. 8572: 2397:, however German argued that this was a rare situation where taking such a course of action to stop the bill was justified. German's motion in the Lords failed to succeed with 84 votes in favour to 206 votes against; the Labour Party in the Lords did not support Michael's motion despite opposing the bill and it passed at its second reading. In May 2024, Sunak's government delayed the implementation of the plan until after the 2044: 1811:

governing party following the unstable nature of the assembly over the last year and a half of its existence. On the Liberal Democrat side, the negotiations were independent from the UK party, which only offered advisers to help German during the negotiation process. Discussions were held over the summer recess of the assembly, with German and Morgan negotiating the assembly budget and several policy compromises.

1482: 54: 1713:, which identified several major issues with the assembly, including the centralisation of power with the cabinet, a lack of a government programme, instability from the minority administration, a lack of consensus and direction, and a decline in power for the assembly committees. Its recommendations included a reform to the committee system of the assembly and introducing an independent body for the 1264:. The vote was scheduled for 28 November. German was considered the favourite in the election, though only by a narrow lead. On 28 November, he won the contest with 1,037 votes to Humphreys' 883 votes, a closer result than expected, and was elected leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrat Group, taking office once he was elected to the assembly in 1999. Although now its leader in a 1145:. This time, he expected his party to fall short of winning enough seats to form an administration. The campaign had a low profile, with all three governing parties making little criticism of their opponents because of their coalition in the council except for in some marginal areas. German's Liberal Democrats mainly campaigned on the delayed construction of a leisure centre in 1937:. Following its announcement, Corus claimed that the government did not offer a rescue package to the organisation, a claim German denied. After Corus' announcement, the government's focus shifted to addressing the resulting job losses. In June 2001, German announced a new £5.3 million financial support package for over 3,000 Corus steelworkers in 1693:

Liberal Democrats started to work closer with the two other opposition parties in the assembly, the Conservatives and Plaid Cymru, on the issue of Objective One funding. On 3 November, the three parties published a joint-memorandum on the issue which was co-signed by German and the economic spokespeople from the two other parties, Plaid's

2253:"much more open and honest with the people of Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom". He also said he would continue to campaign on issues related to his assembly constituency in the Lords and work to act as a "strong voice" for the National Assembly and its efforts to cooperate with the UK Parliament and gain more powers. 1718:

paper. Plaid Cymru did not comment on the report. In December, German made another report which suggested the formation of a coalition administration to end the political deadlock, with a further prediction by German that such a coalition would be formed within two months. A similar proposal was drawn up by Labour AM

1367:, where he claimed the party had won a total of over 100,000 votes to establish itself as the "clear second place to Labour". Based on this performance, German said the party's main target was to win 15 out of the 60 seats in the assembly. He said it would focus its efforts on winning constituency seats in 860:

and became Deputy First Minister and Minister for Economic Development. He stood down from the government in 2001 for the duration of a police investigation into allegations of financial misconduct during his time at the WJEC. He was cleared of wrongdoing in 2002 and returned to the government as the

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and was going down "a dangerous slippery slope", asking about the possibility of the government targeting other unfavoured groups. In January 2024, he said the legislation "treats some of the most vulnerable people in the world – people who are facing persecution, torture and fleeing for their lives

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at home and keep away from social gatherings. He was one of several elderly peers who did so. In April 2020, he participated in a Liberal Democrat campaign in the Lords which called for the government to release low-risk prisoners to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in overcrowded prisons. In the same

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The hopes and aspirations of Wales for Objective One are high, but I am also aware of a lot of anxiety that the programme may not be moving ahead quickly enough and concerns that it is not on track to deliver the maximum benefit ... will be to bring together local and regional action plans and look

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between the two parties in Scotland, and said that while he ideally agreed with a four-party coalition he believed it would probably end in failure. After becoming first secretary, Morgan said a coalition could be agreed as "a means to an end" to secure political stability in the assembly, and after

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As predicted in opinion polls, the Liberal Democrats won six seats at the election, becoming the fourth-largest party behind the Conservatives with 9 seats, Plaid Cymru with 17 seats and Labour with 28 seats. German failed to personally win the seat of Caerphilly, coming in third-place with 12.4% of

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had forecast the Liberal Democrats as winning only six seats to become the third-largest party in the assembly behind Plaid Cymru and the governing Labour Party, German publicly dismissed the polls and claimed that his party would likely become the second-largest party behind Labour, pointing to its

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to elect the leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrat Group in the National Assembly ahead of its establishment in 1999 after Labour, Plaid Cymru and the Conservatives had held their own leadership elections. The elected leader would also lead the party's election campaigns in Wales. German launched his

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so that the council could focus more of its resources on regenerating deprived areas in the city centre. He was elected to the council with 1,742 votes, or 36.9% of the vote, alongside Alliance colleague Fred Hornblow and Labour's Derek Allinson. He was re-elected for a second term with Hornblow and

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in the National Assembly for Wales and later succeeded him as AM for South Wales East after he left the assembly for the House of Lords in 2010. German has two daughters from a previous marriage with Georgette German, who had served with him as a Liberal Democrat councillor on Cardiff City Council.

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in July, which was widely expected to be won by the Labour Party which pledged to end the plan should it enter government. This led German to opine that the plan would likely not be implemented, after which he said the money which had already been spent on the plan should have been spent on the NHS

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which would endorse the effective abolition of bedroom tax by calling for its removal for tenants of social and private housing, stating that by connecting the two sectors it could make landlords in the private sector reluctant to take on tenants who required alternative housing provision. Ahead of

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on 8 February. On 1 February, Michael proposed setting up an all-party committee whose duties would include progressing the budget. Although German welcomed this proposal, the opposition's move toward a change in leadership for the assembly had already become too strong to prevent. On the same day,

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formed in the assembly between Michael's minority administration and the opposition which could combine their numbers to block its policy programme. As the finalisation of the assembly's budget in February 2000 approached and it started to appear more likely that Michael's administration would fail

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with responsibility for education up to the age of 16. German criticised Michael's decision to split these responsibilities between two different ministerial posts as "ridiculous" and said "we should be looking to provide education and training from cradle to work to retirement". German formed his

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to a maximum of 30 pupils, with the aim of eventually lowering this to 25 pupils, and to cut NHS waiting times to a maximum of six months for GP referrals and medical treatment. On devolution, the party called for the assembly to gain more powers and for it to establish ties with other legislatures

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After his election to the council in 1983, German became leader of the three-member Liberal group in the council, which later became a four-member Alliance group later in the 1983–1987 term. He continued to serve as group leader of the Alliance and its successor party the Liberal Democrats until he

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against him; the implementation of proportional representation for local council elections in Wales had been agreed in the coalition deal, a policy which was unpopular with many Labour councillors. This led to a public dispute between Jones and German, with German initially refusing to resign from

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funding for the deprived parts of Wales. As his party's spokesperson for economic development and European affairs, German developed a particular interest on the issue of Objective One, and the rest of the party in the assembly also treated the issue as a priority. As November progressed, German's

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in the nation. German said the assembly had to take "urgent action to meet the desperate concerns of tens of thousands of families whose very livelihoods are threatened. Michael dismissed these calls and the assembly reconvened as scheduled on 14 September. On the resumption of assembly business,

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announced it would lay off a significant number of staff at its plants in Wales. Measures in the planned package included lowered business rates for Corus plants in Wales, the purchase of surplus land from Corus, the provision of environmental incentives, support for training and research and the

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in the assembly; it was found at a late stage in its implementation that a Wales-only scheme was illegal under EU regulations. On 7 October, German called for Gwyther to resign. A censure motion in Gwyther as the agriculture secretary was backed by all three opposition parties in the assembly and

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From early August, German engaged in secret coalition negotiations with Morgan after his administration secured the required match funding from the UK Government for Objective One funding in July 2000. The negotiations were held to provide stability to the assembly and to stabilise Labour as the

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Following Rhodri Morgan's ascension to the role of first secretary, German said it was a "good day" for the National Assembly for Wales, but added that he was "not too keen that we should speak of new starts when we are still in the eyes of Wales on probation. We need to put politics into action

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to oversee the assembly's progress. This was positively received by Michael, who said he welcomed the proposals and hoped he could discuss them with German in future all-party discussions. Bourne agreed with the issues identified by German's report but disagreed with the reforms suggested in the

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Although Labour had denied it of a coalition, German pledged that his party would "play a positive role" in the new assembly, adding that the people of Wales had shown their desire for "politicians together" at the assembly election. In the first few months of the new institution, he voiced his

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as its campaign director. During the campaign, the Liberal Democrats called for the UK Labour government to implement more radical plans for a devolved parliament with the power to raise taxes and a "strong Welsh voice in a devolved United Kingdom". German and his party nonetheless supported the

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the cabinet in February he said further changes could be made to it to accommodate political agreements with other parties. During this period, German's party made preparations for a coalition, believing that such a deal may become necessary in the assembly as the year progressed. The party was

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in May, which according to German had returned passenger complaints on safety, train delays, discomfort in trains and expensive train fares; the party then called for the creation of a rail authority for Wales. Michael dismissed German's proposal for a transport authority and said his focus was

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and the introduction of free school milk for children below the age of seven, free local bus travel for pensioners and financial support for students attending university. On 15 October, German persuaded a special conference of the Welsh Liberal Democrats to vote in favour of the deal. The new

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was established in 2001. Over time, German established himself as an expert on the standing orders of the assembly, as exemplified by his successful motion on 3 November 1999 to make the Economic Development Committee responsible for exploring the establishment of "community investment unit to

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At first, Michael also seemed keen to discuss a coalition with German and his party. However, the other Labour members in the assembly did not accept a coalition. Michael did discuss how the assembly could move forward with German and other party leaders given Labour's minority, but refused to

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At the 1987 council election, German led the Alliance on a platform of making the council more transparent by introducing measures such as increasing the number of questions members of the public can ask councillors during public sessions of the council. German also criticised the Conservative

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which warned that the spread of the disease in overcrowded prisons was "a perfect storm" which could lead to a further spread throughout the rest of the prison system and in turn the wider general public. In July 2020, he led a House of Lords debate on the government's new policy of dividing

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in Michael's administration if it failed to address the crisis, warning that "by throwing out Alun Michael the assembly would only plunge itself into crisis and wouldn't help a single farmer this autumn". Later that month, the assembly voted for a proposal by Gwyther to introduce a £750,000

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channel European Structural Funding to community enterprises" which would be part of a development bank for Wales. However, the Liberal Democrats as a whole was set back by its status as the fourth largest party in the assembly, with German becoming its only prominent representative there.

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in July. A further £25 million was promised for Objective One for 2000/2001, however this fell short of Plaid's demand for an additional £85 million. In response, Plaid went ahead with its plan for a no confidence motion. A no confidence motion was jointly tabled between Plaid's

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to secure the Objective One funding, the opposition parties started to discuss the fate of Michael's administration and how to replace it with their own alternative administration in anticipation of another no confidence motion. German wrote a report to solve the deadlock in November,

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also backed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. German, keen to form a coalition with Labour, offered to enter into coalition negotiations with Michael pending the approval of his own party, and said that he would accept a coalition on the condition that Labour agreed to a written

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in 1998, and said it was a "matter for himself and nobody else it is not a matter for us or any other party", though he did express his hope that this would mark an end to the controversy. In the same month, German's party was the only one that did not join an opposition party

1841:. Other ministerial portfolios were negotiated by German and Morgan on 15 October. Labour agreed to work with the Liberal Democrats to implement 114 of the latter's 1999 manifesto commitments in what was seen as a notable victory for German and his party, including a freeze in 1199:

campaign and worked closely with Labour and Plaid in the campaign to win the referendum, with German becoming one of its leading figures. When the results came through in September 1997, the majority of the Welsh public narrowly voted in favour of establishing the devolved

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2000–01 (and Economic Development Secretary) and again in 2002–03 (and Minister for Rural Affairs and Wales Abroad). He stepped down from the role of Deputy First Minister between the two dates to answer allegations made about his role at the Welsh examination board, the

1130:. This prediction proved correct, with the Alliance increasing its share of seats from 4 to 12, while the Conservatives won 24 seats and Labour won 29, a hung result which gave the Alliance the balance of power in the new council. Following the election, German became the 2305:

in the House of Lords. He has served in several parliamentary committees in the Lords, including the EU Internal Market Sub-Committee from 23 June 2015 to 2 July 2019, the Democracy and Digital Technologies Committee from 13 June 2019 to 16 June 2020 and the

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criticised the Liberal Democrats for failing to join the walkout, to which German said this was the first time a matter of controversy had arisen in the assembly, adding that he did not support walkouts from the assembly to deal with controversial matters.

1343:. It also campaigned on its self-claimed status as the main party of devolution in Wales, having claimed to have campaigned for devolution for over 100 years if including the record of its predecessor the Liberal Party. German also pledged to introduce 1109:

with 1,992 votes, or 37.6% of the vote, and for a third term with them at the 1991 council election with 2,231 votes, or 41.7% of the vote. His wife Georgette German was also elected to the council in 1983 as a Liberal member for the ward of

1227:

to the National Assembly for Wales was scheduled for May 1999. By August 1998, German had become the chief spokesperson of the Welsh Liberal Democrats. In the same month, he was selected by the party to contest the assembly constituency of

2099:, called on German to resign from the cabinet for the duration of the audit. In response, German claimed that Labour's council leaders in the governing body of the WJEC were trying to destabilise the coalition in a politically motivated 1252:, German as chief spokesperson said his party would discuss certain issues with Labour where the two parties found common-ground, but stated that his party "disagree almost entirely with the way Labour runs local government in Wales". 2297:

scheme in 2013, German called on the government to fund landlords and housing associations so that they could provide support to their tenants through the scheme, arguing that this was necessary to make universal credit a success.

2079:. In July 1999, it emerged that the unit had made significant losses of up to £218,000 in the year leading up to July. In the days following German's appointment to the cabinet in October 2000, German was accused in the press of 1912:

On 25 October, German named the first 16 projects which would qualify for financial support from the Objective One programme. At a total of £27 million of financial support for an estimated 60,000 people in the regions of

1833:, a coalition deal based on the coalition agreement between the Liberal Democrats and Labour in Scotland, was agreed to and announced on 5 October. Under the terms of the deal, it was agreed that German would become Morgan's 2027:(SMEs) in Wales and making sure it complied with EU aid regulations. German also launched a new £13 million EU community scheme called EQUAL in March 2001 to fund campaigns against inequality and discrimination in the 1398:

the vote behind Plaid Cymru's Robert Gough who won 34.2% and Labour's Ron Davies who won 44.2%. He did however win a proportional representation top-up seat in the electoral region of South Wales East, being elected as an

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with 29.3% of the vote to his 32.3%, with Grist again winning the seat with 37.1% of the vote. He was also the director of the Welsh Liberal Party's national campaign at the election, serving in the same position for the

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disapproval for what he described as the "trivia", "personal scandal" and "petty squabbles" which had occurred in its early months. He supported the inclusion of a five-minute time limit for spoken contributions in the

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On 12 May, the National Assembly for Wales sat for the first time. At its first plenary session, Alun Michael was nominated unopposed as the first secretary of Wales to form a minority administration. He announced his

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In January, Plaid Cymru made an ultimatum to Michael in which it warned that if he did not secure an additional £85 million in funding for 2000/2001 it would table another no confidence motion at the end of the

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following his election to the National Assembly in May 1999. In one incident, German spoke in fluent Welsh during a television interview in July 1999 but was soon discovered to have been answering questions from a

2004:, also established a new rural partnership group co-chaired by himself and German to lead the government's recovery plan for rural companies once the foot-and-mouth outbreak had come to an end. German also visited 2238:, a Liberal Democrat councillor, succeeding him as AM for South Wales East on 1 July 2010, having been entitled to do so as the next candidate behind German on the Liberal Democrats' top-up list for that region. 880:

list. He has since been a member of the House of Lords as a working peer for the Liberal Democrats, where he has called for its abolition and replacement with an elected lower chamber. He was an opponent of the

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backed the motion after an amendment to require consultation from academics, businesses, the voluntary sector and local authorities was agreed. The motion was carried and a devolved development bank called

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on 12 May, which could now face a potential challenge by the main opposition party Plaid Cymru. Michael and German had already led their parties into a coalition on Cardiff City Council some years earlier

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Michael called on Plaid Cymru to withdraw its threat of a motion of no confidence and said the UK Government would enable his administration to secure £1.2 billion in Objective One funding after its

1379: 2911: 2276:. In November 2011, he said the cap would "punish children for the decisions of their parents" who "have little or no control over the upbringing they receive" and also suggested it could "encourage 7582: 2373:– as undesirable". In the same month, he led an attempt by the 80 Liberal Democrat peers in the House of Lords to block the bill by tabling a motion which would overrule its earlier passage in the 856:

In the National Assembly, German led the Welsh Liberal Democrats in opposition from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2003 to 2008. In 2000, he negotiated and formed a coalition government with Labour's

1972:

and other tourism operators on which attractions were still safe enough to open to visitors. German also implemented several other measures to deal with the outbreak, including the creation of a

2268:. During this period, German said he agreed with the government's principle that benefit claimants should not receive more than the average working family, but argued that its policy for a 1767: 861:

deputy first minister and the minister for rural affairs and Wales abroad. Labour ended its coalition with German's party after it made gains at the 2003 assembly election. Following the

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and the Conservatives which failed to receive the endorsement of his own party, with Plaid choosing to form a coalition with Labour as a result. He remained in the assembly until 2010.

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at the UK Parliament in 2009, the same newspaper investigated the expenses of AMs in Wales and found that German had claimed expenses on a one-bedroom house in Cardiff. This was his

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The National Assembly for Wales legally assumed its devolved powers on 1 July 1999. At the plenary session of 13 July, German put forward a motion which proposed the creation of an

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coalition cabinet was officially formed on 16 and 17 October, with the coalition agreement formally signed by Morgan and German on 17 October. Two Liberal Democrats, German and

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which declared Rwanda an unsafe country for refugees, which had therefore made the plan illegal to implement. In response, German claimed that the government was removing the

2245:, adding that "in all major democracies the upper house has a democratic base". He said he hoped that this reform would be made by the end of the term of the recently formed 2337:'s Conservative government, which he described as "deregulatory in effect" and said "could result in low-quality housing" and reduce local scrutiny of planning applications " 7209: 1929:

development of new job markets. Corus was reluctant to discuss the package with the government and a week after its publication announced it would close down its plants in

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for the Objective One programme to address the issues facing its delivery and to provide support to the Wales European Funding Office in the delivery of the programme.

818:, German led his party's campaign to support the creation of a devolved assembly for Wales, also becoming one of the leading campaigners for the successful cross-party 8687: 6949: 4402:

McAllister, Laura; Cole, Michael (8 January 2008). "Pioneering New Politics or Rearranging the Deckchairs? The 2007 National Assembly for Wales Election and Results".

1877:, succeeding Morgan in the role, which made him and his party responsible for the government's policy on the Objective One programme. This was controversial with some 1256: 830: 8609: 1786:

where it really matters". He welcomed Morgan's suggestion that he would work on a cross-party basis on issues including Objective One funding. German called for a

1236:, the leader of Labour in Wales who represented the same area in Westminster and was also standing for the seat. He was also made the party's top candidate on the 1134:

of the council, with his group serving in a coalition with both Labour and the Conservatives until 1991. The other co-leader of the council during this period was

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across Britain. German's ministerial department was tasked with reviving the industry in Wales. In March, £1 million in financial support was granted to the

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on 11 April, which included commitments to focus on education, health and improved governance as its main priorities. In the manifesto, the party also pledged to

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initially however cautious toward fully committing to a coalition with Labour, which was unpopular in the Liberal Democrats' rural heartlands at the time.

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in Cardiff, where he later finished his teaching career as head of music. German retired from teaching in 1990 to serve as the European director at the

8456: 972: 8852: 2555:. German addressed other AMs in the latter three languages during a debate in the National Assembly for Wales in June 1999. He also started learning 1675:

On 7 October, the European Commission vetoed the scheme and said it would only agree to a scheme which applied to the whole of Britain, leading to a

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in the same year. He did not stand for election to the new council and decided to instead shift his attention toward the national structure of the

850: 685: 681: 1701:. This signalled increasing cooperation between the opposition parties on the Objective One issue, by this point the main issue in the assembly. 1433:

Labour's performance at the 1999 assembly election meant it had fallen three seats short of securing an overall majority. As a result, its leader

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in 2007 to become the official party leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, succeeding Öpik, before stepping down as leader a year later in 2008.

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In early January 2001, German announced plans for a £20 million rescue package to prevent expected job losses after the steel manufacturer

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between all four parties in the assembly to end the political deadlock between the opposition parties and the Labour minority administration.

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during his tenure at the WJEC; he was accused of having contributed to the European unit's financial deficit by overspending and misusing his

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scheme to address the crisis by awarding farmers with £20 for each calf that they processed. The scheme was dependent on permission from the

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at the time. German had worked at the WJEC some years earlier as the head of its European unit before leaving the organisation in May 1999

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for the Liberal Democrats. According to German, he had been offered a peerage "many months" beforehand by federal Liberal Democrat leader

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capacity, German did not serve as the official party leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, which at the time was a separate post held by

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politicians than traditionally seen in UK legislatures. German said that this could be done by giving the assembly an exemption from the

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dropping the term assembly secretary for the term minister; the office of First Secretary of Wales was renamed First Minister of Wales.

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in 2019, German said he had lived in Cardiff at the time of his election to the National Assembly for Wales in 1999 but later moved to

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to discuss introducing different economic conditions for the funding in Wales' different regions. He also established a new government

1004: 784: 705: 668: 373: 7449: 1430:. In the first term of the assembly, German was a member of the Economic Development Committee and chaired the Legislation Committee. 1351:, which would change depending on their performance on issues like NHS waiting times and their commitment to openness and the truth. 8987: 8922: 8787: 8479: 8231: 1838: 1423: 1415: 1319: 1224: 901:, which would overturn a court ruling that declared Rwanda an unsafe country for refugees and asylum seekers. He was a member of the 846: 842: 838: 7583:"Ken Clarke tells peers he can't support new Rwanda bill because overturning supreme court ruling 'very dangerous' – as it happened" 2288:

who have to share a bedroom with cohabitants receive an exemption from the policy. However, he opposed a motion at the October 2014

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stood down to ensure that the leadership of the party was in the National Assembly and not Westminster. He was succeeded in 2008 by

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From mid-July to mid-September, the National Assembly for Wales went into summer recess. In August, German and Conservative leader

1275: 902: 9017: 8997: 8817: 8595: 2820: 2318: 2013: 1973: 1039:, where he came in second place behind Grist with 32.6% of the vote to Grist's 41.4%. He stood for the constituency again in the 1881:

from the Labour Party, who believed Morgan had conceded too much in the coalition to German and the Liberal Democrats. Labour's

1651:

to provide an aid package for Welsh farmers to tackle the crisis and said that if she failed to do by the autumn "she should be

9078: 8952: 2374: 1794: 1241: 24: 2753:, the devolved administration of Wales was officially recognised as a government, with the titles of ministerial posts in the 2381:. German said he did this because the bill, in his view, put the UK at risk by breaking international law and threatening the 2314:

from 28 January 2021 to 31 January 2024 and the Restoration and Renewal Client Board from 17 October 2022 to 31 January 2024.

1547:

of the assembly and said he believed "you are not up to it if you can't make comments in five minutes". He supported Labour's

9007: 8862: 8184: 7635: 7133: 7047: 6526: 6349: 6117: 5466: 5132: 5010: 4890: 4824: 4298: 4264: 3983: 3836: 3802: 3269: 2856: 2796: 1749: 1126:

in the city. Ahead of the election, he said he thought the Alliance would win enough seats to hold the balance of power in a

979:, where he led its unit in Europe before leaving the organisation in May 1999. In this role, he was responsible for managing 968: 6957: 2660:

From July 2001 to June 2002, German stood down as Deputy First Minister for the duration of a police investigation into his

1204:, with 50.3% of the vote. After the election result, German and his party called for the assembly to include more women and 8677: 8639: 7554: 6634: 6146: 2398: 2273: 1969: 1520: 1476: 1463:

agreement, cutting primary school class sizes to under 30 pupils and cutting healthcare waiting times to under six months.

7855: 7797: 4376: 3619: 2256:

For the duration of the coalition, the Liberal Democrats in the UK Parliament set up parliamentary party committees which

637: 8972: 8912: 8902: 8644: 8151: 7770: 7183: 6979: 2669: 2361: 1847: 1642:

called for Alun Michael to reconvene the assembly earlier than the scheduled date of 14 September to address the ongoing

1532: 1000: 930: 780: 732: 618: 7097: 1531:

in addition to his role as group leader. Despite his prior criticism, German also appointed two education spokespeople,

897:'s Conservative governments and in 2024 led an unsuccessful attempt by Liberal Democrat peers to block the government's 8887: 8882: 8792: 7693: 6923: 3166: 2993: 2024: 2001: 1946: 1142: 1106: 1085: 1008: 788: 756: 693: 271: 5744:

Thomas, Alys; Lafiin, Martin (1 January 2001). "The First Welsh Constitutional Crisis: The Alun Michael Resignation".

2230:, on 29 June 2010. In May 2010, he announced that he would stand down from the assembly to serve in the Lords. He was 1286:

until 2007. Officially, German only led the party in the National Assembly for Wales until 2007, when he was formally

8692: 6731: 6668: 3859: 1601: 1577: 1411: 942: 740: 626: 6847: 6579: 5970: 5037: 4732: 3425: 3226: 2442:

Outside of politics, German has an interest in music, which he has said he finds relaxing to listen to. He can play

1502:

later that day, during the same session. His cabinet notably included the appointment of two education secretaries;

9133: 9128: 9123: 9037: 8767: 8717: 5570: 4706: 4654: 2261: 1942: 1874: 1694: 1528: 1403: 1399: 1322:, German led the Liberal Democrats on a platform of promoting its official party values of equality, community and 1229: 1187: 1065: 815: 721: 701: 689: 369: 321: 6778: 6412: 9088: 8837: 8832: 8752: 8672: 8309: 2665: 2130: 2117: 2096: 2064: 2063:

German's first year in the coalition was mired from a public dispute between himself and his former employer the

1441:

with German's Liberal Democrats to grant him a governing majority and guarantee his nomination as the first-ever

976: 804: 759:. In the council, he led the Alliance and its successor party the Liberal Democrats until 1995. He served as the 185: 7826: 8992: 8977: 8942: 8892: 8682: 8649: 8365: 2569: 2422:, in 2006. She worked in his assembly constituency office and succeeded him as AM for South Wales East in 2010. 1870: 1834: 1515: 1507: 673: 68: 8179: 1980:, £12 million in financial support for tax rates, free support to rural companies hit by the disease and 8827: 8812: 8797: 7367: 4680: 2596:

ranked him as number 35 on his list of the top 50 Liberal Democrat politicians for that year. He was given a

2280:

as families split in order to get their benefit entitlement". He also expressed concern for the government's

2231: 2092: 1761: 1548: 1233: 7317:"Prisons and coronavirus: UK jails are Covid-19 'incubator' with over 500 confirmed cases, ministers warned" 4429: 8917: 4458: 2954: 2246: 2242: 1511: 1061: 417: 396: 7503:"Rwanda: 'We can as a nation do better', says Archbishop of Canterbury as bill passes latest Lords hurdle" 6550: 4351: 650: 8947: 8937: 8732: 8587: 8209: 2691: 2576:

over the 1999 assembly summer recess to learn the language, having last taken lessons at school in 1961.

2289: 1907:

Mike German on the Objective One Task and Finish Group, which he set up during his first weeks in office.

1383: 1217: 1209: 1201: 1097: 1016: 697: 44: 2714:, whom he had unsuccessfully tried to prevent from succeeding him, after he had been charged of causing 2260:

government ministries to address the concerns of its backbenchers. German served as the co-chair of its

8907: 8857: 8847: 8772: 8104: 6380: 2152: 1977: 1364: 1249: 1057: 1053: 1040: 1028: 1024: 800: 796: 8135: 8395: 8337: 7450:"Facing a Conservative revolt, UK leader Sunak says judges won't stop him sending migrants to Rwanda" 4974: 3648: 2311: 2160: 1723: 1714: 5931: 2019:

In 2001, German established a new advisory group to support him in developing and introducing a new

8867: 8419: 2605: 2192: 1442: 1081: 1032: 980: 877: 752: 748: 559: 8079: 7589:. 29 January 2024. Lib Dem peer Lord German urges peers to vote down Rwanda bill at second reading 2249:

between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats in 2015, arguing that doing so would make the

2091:

into the matter with its results given to the police after its completion in April 2001. Labour's

1889:

for economic development. In his first weeks in office, German went to the European Commission in

9012: 8543: 8489: 8440: 8285: 8258: 2750: 2624: 2317:

In March 2020, German, aged 74, continued to attend the House of Lords after the outbreak of the

2137: 1859: 1618: 1344: 1154: 1049: 834: 776: 677: 541: 229: 167: 8029: 7156: 5323: 2718:, which he was later cleared of in 2000. A minor controversy also occurred when First Secretary 1655:

by the assembly and forced to resign". However, he criticised threats from Plaid Cymru's leader

9073: 8619: 2156: 1499: 1490: 1150: 950: 926: 8195: 7123: 6516: 6107: 5000: 4880: 4288: 3973: 3826: 3792: 2786: 2698:

by opposition parties excluding the Liberal Democrats was staged in June 1999 after Labour AM

1220:

which was planned for the assembly as he thought it would ensure it would be "all inclusive".

995:

in the 1970s. In an interview from 2019, he said he did so because he supported its goals of "

7210:"Give social landlords funding for advising tenants about universal credit, says Lord German" 7037: 6898: 6339: 4850: 4814: 4628: 3042: 2846: 2585: 2513: 2447: 1726:

between all four parties in the assembly, but this was rejected by Michael's administration.

1371:

to meet this target, with its other seats projected to come from proportional representation

1138:

of the Labour Party, who had negotiated the coalition as Labour's chief whip in the council.

1012: 768: 8448: 9068: 7125:

Legislation at Westminster: Parliamentary Actors and Influence in the Making of British Law

2715: 2629: 2517: 2394: 2080: 2056: 1964:

to encourage potential holidaymakers to visit Wales. In the same month, German published a

1842: 1775: 1438: 1331: 1240:

for the South Wales East assembly electoral region, whose members would be elected through

1077: 946: 772: 455: 36: 7528:"House of Lords votes against blocking the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill" 5124:

Delineating Wales: Constitutional, Legal and Administrative Aspects of National Devolution

8: 8807: 2487: 2482: 2435: 2393:

for the Lords not to overrule the Commons in this way under the terms of the long-agreed

1993: 1957: 1918: 1669: 1643: 1627: 1614: 1581: 1565: 1536: 1378: 1261: 1213: 992: 826: 744: 546: 5067: 3322: 3296: 2694:' establishment in May 1999 has been noted for its instability and policy inactivity. A 2087:

during his tenure there, accusations which he denied. The WJEC initiated an independent

2055:, Cardiff, 2010. He was investigated by auditors and the police after he was accused of 8762: 8533: 8034: 6903: 2695: 2548: 2505: 2455: 2345: 1985: 1961: 1705: 1524: 1327: 882: 6760: 3344: 1869:

On the formation of the coalition cabinet on 16 October, German became the first-ever

967:

during this period, claiming to have been elected as chair of his local branch of the

9047: 7129: 7043: 6522: 6345: 6113: 5462: 5128: 5006: 4886: 4820: 4415: 4294: 4260: 3979: 3832: 3798: 3265: 2852: 2792: 2723: 2500: 2390: 2122: 2048: 2032: 1803: 1648: 1326:, which it claimed would "direct Wales into the new millennium". German launched its 1027:, winning 13.5% behind Labour's M. D. Petrou with 36.2% and Grist with 47.3%. At the 959: 5092: 4942: 4784: 4758: 4141: 4058: 3678: 2886: 1559:

in June during the continuing controversy surrounding the details of his mugging at

8742: 8702: 7636:"Home Office staff are already in Rwanda – waiting for flights that may never come" 7039:

The Politics of Coalition: How the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Government Works

5753: 4411: 3538: 2552: 2540: 2528: 2467: 2321:, ignoring health advice from the government which recommended that elderly people 2294: 2277: 2241:

In the House of Lords, German said his main focus would be to "abolish myself" and

2175: 2164: 2020: 1798: 1676: 1623: 1593: 1419: 1340: 1101: 964: 906: 190: 8130: 7071: 6697: 2356:'s Conservative governments. In December 2023, Sunak's government put forward the 803:, failing to win on each occasion. From 1990 to 1999, he was also the head of the 8631: 8564: 8519: 8380: 8357: 8319: 8295: 8268: 8239: 5456: 5122: 4254: 3259: 2727: 2573: 2544: 2536: 2443: 2431: 2415: 2386: 2285: 2235: 2145: 2126: 2005: 1989: 1945:

by the organisation's plans. The package had been negotiated by German and Corus

1886: 1873:, serving under Morgan who remained first minister. He was also appointed as the 1787: 1741: 1736: 1665: 1597: 1503: 1427: 1295: 1205: 957:

and became the head of music at two schools in Cardiff. In an interview with the

938: 934: 862: 841:

in 1999, German was elected as AM for South Wales East; he was re-elected at the

736: 622: 585: 410: 264: 222: 116: 103: 4007:"Welsh devolution at 25: Reflecting on 25 years since the first Senedd election" 2385:

by ignoring the courts, and by failing to legislate for action against gangs of

1952:

In 2001, tourism in Wales had experienced a downturn as a result of that year's

1191:

proposed assembly as a "powerful first step" and called on Welsh voters to vote

8623: 7744: 7663: 6608: 5757: 5267: 2703: 2556: 2427: 2419: 2378: 2257: 2204: 2180: 2100: 1573: 1560: 1544: 1407: 1123: 1044: 996: 713: 20: 6489: 6463: 6437: 6312: 6286: 6234: 6205: 6179: 6147:"Going Into Labour: The Welsh Liberal Democrat Coalition Experience 2000–2003" 6077: 6051: 6025: 5999: 5904: 5878: 5852: 5826: 5797: 5771: 5709: 5623: 5543: 5427:"Welsh Assembly Takes Up Powers – And Regional Committees Meet for First Time" 4571: 4545: 4519: 4225: 4116: 4084: 3081:"Lord Mike German and wife Veronica look back on their political achievements" 2722:

named his cabinet in May 1999, when it emerged that his agriculture secretary

2474:

as his favourite radio station and has stated his love for Radio 4 programmes

1283: 1260:

leadership bid on 12 November and was challenged by fellow assembly candidate

210: 9062: 8957: 8897: 8877: 8822: 8727: 8712: 8509: 8493: 8347: 8330: 8049: 8004: 7978: 7952: 7907: 6408: 6261: 5681: 5654: 5598: 5517: 5492: 5458:

The Pit and the Pendulum: A Co-operative Future for Work in the Welsh Valleys

5401: 5374: 5297: 5242: 5211: 5184: 5155: 4914: 4598: 4493: 4325: 4198: 4167: 4033: 3947: 3917: 3892: 3766: 3737: 3707: 3593: 3564: 3513: 3482: 3451: 3397: 3371: 3141: 3105: 2754: 2565: 2369: 2334: 2265: 2250: 2028: 1797:

called on German to form a coalition with Labour, in a similar manner to the

1779: 1745: 1731: 1689: 1656: 1606: 1460: 1348: 1299: 1291: 1196: 1131: 1089: 954: 886: 857: 819: 760: 421: 91: 7926: 7880: 7423:"Rwanda asylum plan 'leading nation down a damaging path', warns Archbishop" 8982: 8932: 8576: 8513: 8497: 7610:"Lib Dem Lords to ignore convention and vote against Safety of Rwanda bill" 7471:"Church of England: Relocating Migrants to Rwanda Undermines UK's Standing" 2746: 2719: 2707: 2699: 2635: 2601: 2597: 2459: 2365: 2328: 2322: 2212: 2196: 2188: 2113: 1997: 1981: 1771: 1585: 1569: 1486: 1434: 1414:

of the Conservative Party. He was re-elected with Graham and Davies at the

1355: 1135: 1127: 873: 764: 717: 709: 471: 448: 304: 8617: 1711:

The National Assembly in deadlock: Is there a better way forward for Wales

1165: 865:

of the 2007 assembly election, German tried to negotiate a coalition with

9042: 9022: 8967: 8737: 8722: 8654: 8529: 8523: 8278: 3828:

British Urban Policy: An Evaluation of the Urban Development Corporations

2711: 2476: 2471: 2463: 2382: 2353: 2301:

From 1 June to 7 September 2015, German served as the Liberal Democrats'

2281: 2269: 2222: 2141: 1925: 1698: 1681: 1639: 1613:

On 14 July, German questioned Michael on the possibility of setting up a

1556: 1368: 1360: 1303: 1171: 1170:

In the 1990s, the Liberal Democrats campaigned with the Labour Party and

1093: 894: 872:

In 2010, German left the assembly after he was granted a life peerage in

866: 708:

until 2010 and led his party group until 2008. In 2010, he was granted a

194: 8559: 6518:

The Impact of Devolution in Wales: Social Democracy with a Welsh Stripe?

1766: 8757: 8697: 7555:"Rwanda bill: Justin Welby preaches to the converted in House of Lords" 4290:

Regionalism After Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom

2532: 2410: 2389:

and new legal and safe routes for refugees to settle in the UK. It was

2208: 1938: 1914: 1894: 1878: 1685: 1552: 1527:

the next day, appointing himself as the Welsh Liberal Democrat Group's

1455: 1335: 1307: 1237: 1111: 613: 198: 7856:"I have agreed to return any profit to the Assembly, says Mike German" 7010: 6872: 6817: 2726:

was a vegetarian and the secretary responsible for the Welsh language

2639:

ranked him as number 11 on its list of the 20 "greatest Cardiffians".

1814: 19:"Mike German" and "Lord German" redirect here. For the FBI agent, see 8664: 8075: 2621: 2593: 2349: 2200: 2009: 1930: 1902:

at how they fit into the strategy of the single programming document.

1882: 1179: 1020: 890: 430: 2821:"Baroness is determined to champion the cause of Wales in the Lords" 7881:"Anglo-Azerbaijani Society organizes lecture at British Parliament" 7398:"Are planning changes eliminating local scrutiny by the back door?" 6160:(Special issue: The first 25 years of the Liberal Democrats): 62–68 2592:"for political and public service". In 2008, political commentator 2561: 2458:

and has linked his faith to his passion for music, performing as a

2052: 1934: 1890: 1719: 1633: 1266: 1175: 1092:

with Labour. German campaigned on ending the council's practice of

8190: 7261:"Ministers under renewed pressure to recommence prisoner releases" 2564:

which had English translations for each answer. He took part in a

2043: 1182:

for Wales, German led the Welsh Liberal Democrats' campaign for a

2918:(in Welsh). National Assembly for Wales. October 2005. p. 48 2661: 2509: 2310:

from 2 July 2020 to 31 January 2023. He was also a member of the

2226: 2084: 1965: 1652: 1323: 1096:, stating that it had damaged the environment, and on ending new 918: 743:

before working in a career of teaching until 1990. He joined the

728: 527: 6848:"German to join Lords and his wife will take his place as an AM" 1752:

by the Labour administration to succeed him as first secretary.

1248:

of the assembly. On the issue of cooperating with Labour in the

1122:

administration's housing policy, claiming that it might cause a

7343:"Lords sound alarm bells over permitted development expansions" 2338: 2195:

list issued on 28 May 2010, German was nominated to serve as a

1600:

into particular community enterprises". The business secretary

1146: 1481: 678:

Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats in the National Assembly

230:

Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats in the National Assembly

53: 8478: 8187:

official biography at the National Assembly for Wales website

7236:"Coronavirus: Dozens of elderly Peers defy isolation warning" 6587:

Monitoring the National Assembly: December 2000 to March 2001

5978:

Monitoring the National Assembly: December 1999 to March 2000

4681:"Wales Vote '99 Constituencies and Regions: South Wales East" 2617: 2451: 2088: 1141:

German led his party, by now the Liberal Democrats, into the

922: 688:. The first-ever deputy first minister of Wales, he was also 531: 7720:"In Brexit Britain, the Parliamentary Choir is in Purgatory" 5349:"Former Welsh Conservative leader Rod Richards dies aged 72" 3234:

Monitoring the National Assembly: September to December 2000

2672:

to serve as the acting deputy first minister in his absence.

1755: 1617:

for Wales. This followed a Liberal Democrat consultation on

1454:

and had remained on good terms since then. UK Labour leader

720:

for the Liberal Democrats. Ideologically, he is on the more

7908:"Annual dinner of Anglo-Azerbaijani Society held in London" 7291:"Coronavirus is a perfect storm in our overcrowded prisons" 3426:"Cardiff Welsh District Council Election Results 1973–1991" 2151:

German's political interests include skills development in

3345:"Special Report: Lib Dems look back on a troubled history" 2706:. In August 1999, the confrontational Conservative leader 1529:

spokesperson for economic development and European affairs

680:

from 1999 to 2008 and overhaul Welsh Party leader between

7072:"Exempt more people from benefit cap, urges Lib Dem peer" 3647:

Nelson, Dean; Smith, Andy; Fraser, Douglas (9 May 1999).

1941:, West Wales and the South Wales Valleys who were facing 1426:, with Laura Anne Jones losing her seat to Plaid Cymru's 1422:. German, Davies and Graham were re-elected again at the 808: 8259:

Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the National Assembly

2466:

musical compositions and has served as the chair of the

1837:

in the coalition, which was scheduled to last until the

5045:

Monitoring the National Assembly: July to December 1999

4733:"Welsh assembly election 2007: South Wales East region" 4707:"Welsh assembly election 2003: South Wales East region" 4655:"Wales Vote '99 Constituencies and Regions: Caerphilly" 2492:. He also listens to political programmes and the news. 1290:

as party leader. He served under federal party leaders

1166:

1997 devolution referendum and 1998 leadership election

1100:

developments in areas on the outskirts of Cardiff like

7011:"Autumn date for Welsh powers referendum 'very tight'" 4199:"Teacher aims to take party lead in Assembly campaign" 1672:, which initially said it would not block the scheme. 1302:

as leader in the National Assembly and Ming Campbell,

953:. Prior to his career in politics, German worked as a 5572:

Re-energising Wales: Decarbonising Transport in Wales

3311: 3285: 2125:. During this period he was temporarily replaced by 1493:, a decision which German criticised as "ridiculous". 1060:

general elections after the Liberals merged with the

7927:"Nargiz Pashayeva visits fundraising gala in London" 6739:

Monitoring the National Assembly: May to August 2001

3257: 2495:

His other interests include cycling and travelling.

2014:

minister for the environment, planning and transport

1864: 1793:

In March 2000, former Welsh Liberal Democrat leader

1080:

as the Alliance's Liberal candidate for the ward of

6676:

Monitoring the National Assembly: March to May 2001

6260:Gibbs, Geoffrey; White, Michael (8 February 2000). 5932:"Warning for Labour after assembly confidence vote" 5068:"How Welsh devolution has evolved over two decades" 3420: 3418: 2211:, adding that he had been "thrilled" at the offer. 2136:In November 2007, Mike German became leader of the 7694:"What your choice of radio station says about you" 6381:"Lib Dems agree Welsh assembly power sharing deal" 5047:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 2, 11–12, 5–6, 39–40 3258:Anderson, Linda; Bright, Bob; Kimber, Jon (1983). 6873:"Dissolution Honours: Working Peers list in full" 6818:"Mike German made working peer in House of Lords" 6112:. Manchester University Press. pp. 236–237. 6052:"Labour challenges Plaid to withdraw vote threat" 5402:"It's 'business as usual' for Davies at assembly" 5156:"Introducing the first National Assembly Cabinet" 4352:"Campbell to confirm commitment to voting reform" 3646: 2418:, a Liberal Democrat councillor and teacher from 2059:at the WJEC after his appointment to the cabinet. 2047:The headquarters of German's former employer the 1968:which made recommendations to local authorities, 1853: 1626:for Wales. A devolved transport authority called 1023:who won 42.9% of the vote. He stood again at the 9060: 5578:. Institute of Welsh Affairs. pp. 2, 11, 27 3415: 2791:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 157–158. 1949:and made up of Welsh and EU government funding. 1634:Political crisis and resignation of Alun Michael 1510:with responsibility for post-16 education while 1418:, with Williams losing her seat to Conservative 1015:'s J. Collins who won 35.7% of the vote and the 672:(born 8 May 1945) is a Welsh politician who was 8139:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 10 August 2017. 8005:"AM takes up challenge of learning local lingo" 5493:"54 per cent: the only official assemby column" 4913:Gibbs, Geoffrey; White, Michael (10 May 1999). 3791:Collins, David; Bennett, Gareth (1 June 2015). 3236:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 6–9, 11–18, 35–37 2994:"Lib-Dem's Mike German to step down in October" 2914:[Assembly Members' Services 2004–2005] 2439:The couple had divorced and separated by 1998. 2243:replace the Lords with an elected upper chamber 1572:criticised opposition parties' policies on the 1011:. He came third with 17.8% of the vote, behind 917:Michael James German was born on 8 May 1945 in 5321: 5243:"Wales waits for action as AMs return to work" 4401: 3948:"Lib Dems back call for extra assembly powers" 3790: 3514:"Tories confident they can hold on to Cardiff" 2358:Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill 2038: 1516:assembly secretary for education and childcare 1160: 1064:in 1988. Ideologically, German is on the more 899:Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill 23:. For the British colonial administrator, see 8603: 8464: 7184:"Lib Dems vote against scrapping bedroom tax" 6669:"Farming crisis consolidates assembly's role" 6514: 5980:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 1–10, 18, 44–49 5268:"Successes and failures of Lib-Lab coalition" 3975:The Palgrave Handbook of European Referendums 3142:"Two in race to lead the Assembly's Lib Dems" 1508:assembly secretary for education and training 983:between Wales and other countries in Europe. 963:in 2019, he said he started participating in 807:'s (WJECs) unit in Europe. He was awarded an 7798:"Harmony in the House: the Parliament Choir" 7121: 7098:"Freud rejects change to calculation of cap" 6515:Williams, Jane; Eirug, Aled (15 June 2022). 6106:Hough, Dan; Jeffery, Charlie (28 May 2006). 6105: 5743: 5298:"Parties in walkout over Labour Euro attack" 5005:. Manchester University Press. p. 133. 4885:. Manchester University Press. p. 236. 4879:Hough, Dan; Jeffery, Charlie (28 May 2006). 4878: 4599:"Liberals target their friends in the north" 3865:. The Elections Centre (Plymouth University) 3860:"Cardiff Council Election Results 1995–2012" 3620:"House of Lords: Backgrounds in Public Life" 3431:. The Elections Centre (Plymouth University) 2912:"Gwasanaethau Aelodau'r Cynulliad 2004–2005" 2531:who has served as the co-chair representing 1647:German called for the agriculture secretary 1255:In October 1998, the party agreed to hold a 9119:Officers of the Order of the British Empire 8396:Minister for Rural Affairs and Wales Abroad 8038:(Supplement). 30 December 1995. p. 11. 7771:"Behind the scenes at the Parliament Choir" 7157:"Government urged to abandon 'bedroom tax'" 5495:. National Assembly for Wales. 18 July 1999 5038:"Devolution: 'A Dynamic, Settled Process'?" 4293:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 318. 4034:"Welsh speakers hit out at 'scare tactics'" 3824: 3649:"Labour mauled by the beast of nationalism" 3565:"Watkiss tears into Cardiff Alliance group" 2527:representing the United Kingdom, alongside 2215:approved his nomination and he was created 2067:(WJEC), which was run by Labour-controlled 2035:and address social disadvantages in Wales. 1470: 905:from 2020 to 2023 and has also chaired the 837:in the National Assembly for Wales. At the 694:Minister for Rural Affairs and Wales Abroad 272:Minister for Rural Affairs and Wales Abroad 9084:Alumni of St Mary's University, Twickenham 8610: 8596: 8471: 8457: 8411:Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom 7905: 7036:Hazell, Robert; Yong, Ben (15 June 2012). 7035: 6589:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 1, 48–49, 57 6521:. University of Wales Press. p. 286. 6259: 5461:. University of Wales Press. p. 239. 4998: 4912: 4349: 2818: 2590:Officer of the Order of the British Empire 2074: 2002:minister for agriculture and rural affairs 1539:for post-16 education, to his frontbench. 1310:as leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats. 1076:In May 1983, German stood for election to 811:in 1996 for public and political service. 180:13 October 2007 – 8 December 2008 52: 8480:2007 National Assembly for Wales election 8002: 7042:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 93–94. 6206:"Michael no-confidence vote moves closer" 5710:"Farm aid package follows Welsh pressure" 5679: 5240: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5127:. University of Wales Press. p. 99. 4596: 4459:"Wales Vote '99: Welsh Liberal Democrats" 4326:"Fast forward to the future for Lib Dems" 4323: 4286: 3825:Imrie, Rob; Thomas, Huw (28 April 1999). 3594:"Labour banks on see-saw tipping its way" 2523:German has served as the co-chair of the 1756:Coalition negotiations with Rhodri Morgan 1449: 1320:1999 National Assembly for Wales election 1313: 1043:, falling to third place behind Labour's 986: 696:from 2002 to 2003. He was elected to the 8028: 7691: 7633: 7128:. Oxford University Press. p. 126. 6980:"Torfaen councillor takes up seat as AM" 6897: 6464:"Welsh coalition deal sealed by leaders" 6407: 6078:"Michael no-confidence motion is tabled" 5680:Hazlewood, Richard (13 September 1999). 5596: 5241:Hazlewood, Richard (13 September 1999). 5120: 4819:. Canadian Scholars’ Press. p. 83. 4324:Hazlewood, Richard (18 September 1999). 3945: 3918:"Opponents drum up support for campaign" 3043:"People in the Assembly: Michael German" 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2430:teacher and Liberal Democrat councillor 2409: 2308:Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee 2174: 2107: 2042: 1813: 1765: 1622:instead on developing and introducing a 1480: 1377: 999:and fairness". In 1974, he stood as its 912: 903:Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee 771:from 1987 to 1992 for the duration of a 727:German was born Michael James German in 7924: 7853: 7849: 7847: 7824: 7820: 7818: 7687: 7685: 7658: 7656: 7577: 7575: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7447: 7341:Barker, Nathaniel (11 September 2020). 7069: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6841: 6839: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6573: 6571: 6403: 6401: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6341:The Fiscal Crisis of the United Kingdom 6313:"Coalition an 'option' confirms Morgan" 6229: 6227: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6101: 6099: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5853:"Tories threaten vote of no confidence" 5821: 5819: 5772:"Gwyther's future 'hanging in balance'" 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5704: 5702: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5568: 4915:"Wales prepares for all-party cocktail" 4808: 4806: 4223: 4114: 3591: 3511: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 2844: 2642: 1489:named two education secretaries to his 1071: 791:and the 1979 general election, and for 676:from 2000 to 2001 and 2002 to 2003 and 9094:Liberal Democrat members of the Senedd 9061: 8111:. Prime Minister's Office. 28 May 2010 7795: 7392: 7340: 7285: 7233: 6761:"Welsh Lib-Dems join assembly cabinet" 6729: 6678:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 1, 19–20 6666: 6577: 6490:"Welsh Lib-Dems join assembly cabinet" 6337: 6144: 5968: 5512: 5510: 5487: 5485: 5450: 5448: 5322:Hartley-Brewer, Julia (24 June 2000). 5291: 5289: 5229: 5212:"Michael rules out Assembly coalition" 5179: 5177: 5116: 5114: 5065: 5035: 5031: 5029: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4937: 4935: 4874: 4872: 4845: 4843: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4453: 4451: 4377:"German backs Clegg in Lib-Dem battle" 4319: 4317: 4248: 4246: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4059:"Davies beats off backbench challenge" 3941: 3939: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3735: 3702: 3700: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3642: 3640: 3562: 3480: 3449: 3395: 3369: 3264:. BBC Data Publications. p. 118. 3224: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3037: 3035: 2784: 2095:, the chair of the WJEC and leader of 1359:performance in Welsh local government 1242:party-list proportional representation 334:16 October 2000 – 6 July 2001 130:16 October 2000 – 6 July 2001 25:George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville 9109:Leaders of political parties in Wales 8591: 8452: 8286:Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats 8003:Hazlewood, Richard (20 August 1999). 7976: 7950: 7906:Ismayilova, Laman (6 December 2016). 7607: 7552: 7500: 7095: 6845: 6548: 6438:"Labour executive approves coalition" 6378: 5929: 5879:"Michael survives no-confidence vote" 5655:"Assembly will not be recalled early" 5399: 5324:"Ex-Tory minister cleared of assault" 5295: 5209: 5185:"How the opposition cabinets line up" 4972: 4812: 4597:Pritchard, James (18 February 1999). 4546:"Payment bid puts ministers on trial" 4252: 4031: 3971: 3946:Percival, Jenny (23 September 1997). 3890: 3731: 3729: 3617: 3587: 3585: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3253: 3251: 3139: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2819:Williamson, David (31 January 2011). 2785:Deacon, Russell (26 September 2012). 2771: 2016:, to discuss renovating the airport. 1195:. The party endorsed the cross-party 242:6 May 1999 – 8 December 2008 168:Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats 16:Former Deputy First Minister of Wales 8196:Official biography at House of Lords 8149: 8105:"Peerages, honours and appointments" 8074: 7844: 7815: 7745:"German finds solace in church role" 7717: 7692:Williams, Sally (28 February 2009). 7682: 7653: 7572: 7489: 7207: 7181: 7122:Russell, Meg; Gover, Daniel (2017). 6998: 6911: 6891: 6836: 6797: 6779:"At a glance: The new working peers" 6716: 6653: 6568: 6398: 6365: 6224: 6133: 6096: 6026:"Plan to stave off Michael's demise" 5949: 5827:"Gwyther 'suffered Assembly sexism'" 5816: 5728: 5699: 5642: 5454: 5066:Browne, Adrian (18 September 2017). 4803: 4430:"Wales Vote '99: Parties and Issues" 3708:"Leader pledges to work with others" 3321:. Electoral Calculus. Archived from 3295:. Electoral Calculus. Archived from 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2293:the roll out of the coalition's new 1477:First Frontbench Team of Mike German 747:in the 1970s and was elected as the 8152:"Greatest Cardiffians: Politicians" 7925:Orujova, Nigar (27 November 2015). 7501:Scott, Jennifer (29 January 2024). 7477:. Associated Press. 29 January 2024 7314: 6950:"Assembly Members: Veronica German" 6413:"Lib Dems hit the jackpot in Wales" 6379:Gibbs, Geoffrey (16 October 2000). 5930:Gibbs, Geoffrey (3 November 1999). 5682:"Call for Gwyther to quit her post" 5507: 5482: 5445: 5286: 5174: 5111: 5026: 4992: 4961: 4932: 4869: 4840: 4616: 4477: 4448: 4350:Mulholland, Hélène (9 March 2007). 4314: 4243: 4186: 4168:"Lib Dems oppose co-op with Labour" 4142:"Liberal Democrat Assembly Members" 4115:Walters, Brian (30 November 1998). 4103: 4077: 3936: 3877: 3755: 3697: 3666: 3637: 3185: 3167:"German blamed for £1.3m WJEC debt" 3124: 2611: 1178:assembly for Wales. A supporter of 1001:prospective parliamentary candidate 781:prospective parliamentary candidate 13: 9104:Life peers created by Elizabeth II 7796:Dawson, Sally (22 December 2021). 6235:"Lib Dem Lord calls for coalition" 5597:Nilfield, Phillip (29 July 1999). 4816:Democratic Reform in New Brunswick 4224:Walters, Brian (6 November 1998). 3797:. The History Press. p. 153. 3726: 3582: 3539:"Profile: Lord Michael German OBE" 3500: 3469: 3443: 3248: 3227:"Coalition politics come to Wales" 3061: 3012: 2872: 2303:spokesperson for work and pensions 2153:small and large companies in Wales 2025:small and medium-sized enterprises 1722:which entailed the formation of a 1568:from the assembly after Labour AM 757:1983 Cardiff City Council election 665:Michael James German, Baron German 386:6 May 1999 – 30 June 2010 284:13 June 2002 – 8 May 2003 81:13 June 2002 – 8 May 2003 14: 9145: 9099:Liberal Democrats (UK) life peers 8688:Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville 8338:Minister for Economic Development 8173: 7718:Mead, Rebecca (4 November 2019). 7664:"Party leader celebrates wedding" 7448:Lawless, Jill (7 December 2023). 7208:Apps, Peter (18 September 2013). 6741:. Institute of Welsh Affairs: 3–5 6287:"Morgan reshuffles Assembly pack" 6262:"Brown defiant in Welsh deadlock" 6109:Devolution and Electoral Politics 6000:"Power-sharing call for Assembly" 4882:Devolution and Electoral Politics 4117:"Lib Dems choose Assembly leader" 4032:Speed, Nick (10 September 1997). 3736:Thomas, Michael (30 April 1991). 3396:Thomas, Michael (18 April 1983). 2973: 2930: 2702:criticised their policies on the 2170: 2114:Labour-Liberal Democrat coalition 2031:. The scheme intended to support 1875:minister for economic development 1865:Minister for Economic Development 943:University of the West of England 741:University of the West of England 690:Minister for Economic Development 627:University of the West of England 322:Minister for Economic Development 8570: 8558: 8150:Pyke, Chris (27 February 2015). 8143: 8123: 8097: 8068: 8042: 8022: 7996: 7970: 7944: 7918: 7899: 7873: 7827:"AM Expenses: What they claimed" 7789: 7763: 7737: 7711: 7627: 7601: 7546: 7520: 7463: 7441: 7415: 7386: 7360: 7334: 7308: 7279: 7253: 7234:Rodger, Hannah (17 March 2020). 7227: 7201: 7175: 7149: 7115: 7096:Brown, Carl (22 November 2011). 7089: 7063: 7029: 6972: 6942: 6865: 6771: 6753: 6690: 6627: 6601: 6580:"The economy takes centre stage" 6542: 6508: 6482: 6456: 6430: 6331: 6305: 6279: 6253: 6198: 6172: 6070: 6044: 6018: 5992: 5923: 5897: 5871: 5845: 5790: 5764: 5746:Public Policy and Administration 5673: 5616: 4785:"Political horse trading begins" 4416:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2007.00882.x 4259:. Politico's. pp. 111–113. 3978:. Springer Nature. p. 239. 3893:"Lib-Dems urge Wales to say Yes" 3767:"Tory gloom as eight seats fall" 3679:"Michael keeps his options open" 3140:Speed, Nick (13 November 1998). 2788:Devolution in the United Kingdom 2733: 2681:Office vacant from 2003 to 2007. 2405: 2326:month, he penned an article for 1188:1997 Welsh devolution referendum 941:in educational studies, and the 816:1997 Welsh devolution referendum 636: 468:8 May 1987 – 2 May 1991 9114:Members of the Welsh Government 8366:Deputy First Minister for Wales 8310:Deputy First Minister for Wales 8201: 8191:Welsh Liberal Democrats website 8080:"Top 50 Liberal Democrats 2008" 7854:Shipton, Martin (23 May 2009). 7825:Sanders, Alison (24 May 2009). 7634:Blackall, Molly (24 May 2024). 6609:"Final shift for steel workers" 6549:Jones, J. Barry (24 May 2001). 6145:Deacon, Russell (Summer 2014). 5905:"Michael beats confidence vote" 5590: 5562: 5536: 5419: 5393: 5367: 5341: 5315: 5260: 5203: 5148: 5085: 5059: 4973:Gibbs, Geoffrey (12 May 1999). 4906: 4777: 4759:"Who will get Wales's top job?" 4751: 4725: 4699: 4673: 4647: 4590: 4564: 4538: 4512: 4422: 4395: 4369: 4343: 4280: 4217: 4160: 4134: 4051: 4025: 3999: 3965: 3910: 3852: 3818: 3784: 3611: 3592:Kennedy, Maev (22 April 1991). 3563:Thomas, Michael (28 May 1987). 3556: 3531: 3481:Thomas, Michael (24 May 1983). 3389: 3363: 3337: 3159: 3098: 2684: 2666:Welsh Joint Education Committee 2262:committee for work and pensions 2097:Bridgend County Borough Council 2065:Welsh Joint Education Committee 1818:German and Morgan agree to the 1630:was later established in 2016. 1068:wing of the Liberal Democrats. 977:Welsh Joint Education Committee 805:Welsh Joint Education Committee 779:. He also stood as his party's 594: 7608:Craig, Jon (23 January 2024). 7553:Craig, Jon (29 January 2024). 7532:Electronic Immigration Network 7182:Apps, Peter (7 October 2014). 7070:Hawkins, Ross (13 June 2011). 6907:. 29 June 2010. p. 12259. 6732:"A Period of De-stabilisation" 6635:"Steel unions welcome package" 6551:"LGC Feature: Valley Troubles" 5210:Berry, Brendan (12 May 1999). 5036:Osmond, John (December 1999). 4629:"Labour seeking Welsh partner" 4256:Charles Kennedy: A Tragic Flaw 3891:Speed, Nick (27 August 1997). 3765:Thomas, Michael (3 May 1991). 3738:"Party leaders watch and wait" 3618:Brown, Thomas (5 April 2017). 3450:Thomas, Michael (6 May 1983). 3370:Thomas, Michael (4 May 1983). 3225:Osmond, John (December 2000). 2904: 2838: 2812: 2710:resigned and was succeeded by 2675: 2654: 2514:parliamentary expenses scandal 2360:to overrule a ruling from the 2344:German was an opponent of the 2284:policy and in 2013 asked that 1871:deputy first minister of Wales 1854:Deputy First Minister of Wales 1824:coalition deal in October 2000 1688:needed to receive promised EU 1402:(AM) for the region alongside 971:. In 1986, he was teaching at 775:between their parties and the 674:Deputy First Minister of Wales 456:Leader of Cardiff City Council 69:Deputy First Minister of Wales 1: 9079:Alumni of the Open University 7951:Lyons, Jamie (29 June 1999). 6846:Evans, Gareth (29 May 2010). 6180:"Morgan leads Welsh Assembly" 5798:"Calf policy given Euro snub" 5544:"Growing anger at rail links" 5400:Lyons, Jamie (14 June 1999). 4943:"Michael rules out coalition" 4520:"More join Lib Dems in Wales" 3972:Smith, Julie (2 March 2021). 3398:"'We will stop city's decay'" 3079:Povey, Tomos (10 July 2019). 2848:Comparing Devolved Governance 2845:Birrell, D. (29 March 2012). 2764: 2690:The period shortly after the 1762:Interim Morgan administration 1387: 1009:October 1974 general election 789:October 1974 general election 751:'s candidate for the ward of 7977:Lyons, Jamie (6 July 1999). 6924:"Ex-Gwent AM becomes a lord" 6730:Osmond, John (August 2001). 6338:McLean, I. (15 April 2005). 6168:– via Liberal History. 5624:"Call to tackle farm crisis" 5569:Roberts, Chris (June 2018). 5503:– via Wales on Sunday. 5296:Lyons, Jamie (9 June 1999). 5093:"Devolution becomes reality" 4975:"Michael opts for consensus" 4813:Cross, William Paul (2007). 4494:"Pay cut plan for Ministers" 4226:"Woman's assembly challenge" 4085:"Liberal chief takes on Ron" 3512:Grigsby, John (4 May 1987). 3452:"Cardiff could 'go private'" 3261:General Election Guide, 1983 2851:. Springer. pp. 10–11. 1850:, were given cabinet posts. 1724:government of national unity 1216:. He endorsed the system of 929:before going on to study at 835:Welsh Liberal Democrat Group 833:to become the leader of the 712:and has since served in the 418:Member of the House of Lords 7: 8420:The Lord Gardiner of Kimble 8210:National Assembly for Wales 7315:Gye, Hugo (23 April 2020). 6954:National Assembly for Wales 6578:Osmond, John (March 2001). 5969:Osmond, John (March 2000). 5002:Devolution in Britain Today 4603:The North Wales Weekly News 4203:The North Wales Weekly News 3712:The North Wales Weekly News 3483:"We're gagged say Liberals" 3372:"Marginals hold the answer" 2692:National Assembly for Wales 2609: 2462:in his spare time. He also 2434:in 2006. She worked in his 2290:Liberal Democrat Conference 2234:in June 2010 with his wife 2072: 2069:local education authorities 2039:WJEC expenses investigation 1594:enterprise development bank 1576:(EU) ahead of that month's 1447: 1384:National Assembly for Wales 1218:proportional representation 1210:Sex Discrimination Act 1975 1202:National Assembly for Wales 1174:for the establishment of a 1161:National Assembly for Wales 981:student exchange programmes 947:post graduate qualification 698:National Assembly for Wales 10: 9150: 8853:Miller of Chilthorne Domer 8441:The Lord Hutton of Furness 6555:Local Government Chronicle 6154:Journal of Liberal History 5760:– via SAGE Journals. 5758:10.1177/095207670101600102 5455:Cato, Molly Scott (2004). 5431:Local Government Chronicle 5121:Rawlings, Richard (2000). 4999:Pilkington, Colin (2002). 3794:The Little Book of Cardiff 2588:, German was appointed an 2579: 2512:. In the aftermath of the 1978:Small Firms Loan Guarantee 1933:and some of its plants in 1857: 1774:, German negotiated a new 1759: 1474: 1250:1999 Welsh local elections 18: 8843:Marks of Henley-on-Thames 8708:Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury 8663: 8630: 8553: 8505: 8486: 8437: 8424: 8416: 8409: 8393: 8388: 8372: 8363: 8354: 8344: 8335: 8327: 8316: 8307: 8302: 8292: 8283: 8275: 8265: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8236: 8220: 8215: 8208: 8180:Michael German AM website 7368:"PBC Today November 2020" 6667:Osmond, John (May 2001). 4287:Schrijver, Frans (2006). 2525:Anglo-Azerbaijani Society 2498:In an interview with the 2312:House of Lords Commission 2225:in the County Borough of 2179:Official portrait in the 1770:After the resignation of 1535:for pre-16 education and 1382:Official portrait in the 1035:'s Liberal candidate for 763:of the council alongside 658: 644: 632: 612: 604: 566: 553: 537: 507: 502: 498: 488: 478: 461: 454: 438: 427: 416: 404: 390: 379: 368: 358: 348: 338: 327: 320: 310: 298: 288: 277: 270: 258: 246: 235: 228: 216: 204: 184: 173: 166: 156: 144: 134: 123: 110: 97: 85: 74: 67: 63: 51: 34: 6344:. Springer. p. 89. 5909:South Wales Evening Post 5802:South Wales Evening Post 5628:South Wales Evening Post 5548:South Wales Evening Post 4576:South Wales Evening Post 4550:South Wales Evening Post 4524:South Wales Evening Post 4230:South Wales Evening Post 4121:South Wales Evening Post 4089:South Wales Evening Post 2647: 2606:2010 Dissolution Honours 2193:2010 Dissolution Honours 1471:First term in opposition 1443:first secretary of Wales 1439:coalition administration 931:St Mary's College London 878:2010 Dissolution Honours 733:St Mary's College London 619:St Mary's College London 470:Co-leading with 162:Jenny Randerson (acting) 9043:Willis of Knaresborough 8928:Scott of Needham Market 8136:Encyclopædia Britannica 7802:PoliticsHome: The House 7161:BBC News Democracy Live 5971:"Devolution Relaunched" 4404:The Political Quarterly 2751:Welsh Liberal Democrats 2745:coalition deal between 2739:Under the terms of the 2664:during his time at the 2247:UK coalition government 2232:introduced to the Lords 2138:Welsh Liberal Democrats 1954:foot-and-mouth outbreak 1860:First Morgan government 1697:and the Conservatives' 1661:motion of no confidence 1619:rail transport in Wales 1345:performance-related pay 1155:Welsh Liberal Democrats 1062:Social Democratic Party 1050:Welsh Liberal Democrats 849:. He later won another 839:first assembly election 825:. In 1998, he defeated 731:, Wales. He studied at 58:Official portrait, 2022 9089:Councillors in Cardiff 8743:Campbell of Pittenweem 7979:"AM wants ban on fees" 7953:"Remember the members" 7427:East London Advertiser 5518:"Transport policy aim" 5375:"No room for windbags" 3106:"Rally call to pupils" 2730:could not speak Welsh. 2423: 2184: 2157:constitutional affairs 2060: 1976:, an extension to the 1910: 1839:2003 assembly election 1835:deputy first secretary 1825: 1782: 1596:for Wales "to channel 1584:. Conservative leader 1494: 1424:2007 assembly election 1416:2003 assembly election 1394: 1314:1999 assembly election 1272:Brecon and Radnorshire 1151:Cardiff County Council 987:Early political career 847:2007 assembly election 843:2003 assembly election 692:from 2000 to 2001 and 9033:Wallace of Tankerness 8873:Palmer of Childs Hill 8713:Bowles of Berkhamsted 8078:(17 September 2008). 8050:"OBE congratulations" 6698:"Huge losses by WJEC" 5599:"Wish you were here?" 4572:"Votes secure second" 3831:. SAGE. p. 127. 2586:1996 New Year Honours 2413: 2399:2024 general election 2178: 2131:Deputy First Minister 2118:Deputy First Minister 2108:Later assembly career 2046: 1899: 1895:task and finish group 1817: 1769: 1684:to meet the required 1521:first frontbench team 1484: 1437:considered forming a 1381: 1365:1997 general election 1143:1991 council election 1107:1987 council election 1086:1983 council election 1041:1987 general election 1029:1983 general election 1025:1979 general election 973:Lady Mary High School 969:Teacher's Association 925:. He was educated at 913:Early life and career 801:1987 general election 797:1983 general election 700:in 1999 where he was 9003:Thomas of Winchester 8963:Stoneham of Droxford 8923:Roberts of Llandudno 8878:Palumbo of Southwark 8788:Goddard of Stockport 4253:Hurst, Greg (2006). 3319:"Election Data 1987" 3293:"Election Data 1983" 2955:"CV: Michael German" 2716:grievous bodily harm 2643:Notes and references 2620:, this gave him the 2081:financial misconduct 2057:financial misconduct 1843:prescription charges 1776:coalition government 1214:all-women shortlists 1212:to enable it to use 1078:Cardiff City Council 1072:Cardiff City Council 1033:SDP–Liberal Alliance 951:education management 945:, where he gained a 937:, where he gained a 749:SDP–Liberal Alliance 560:SDP–Liberal Alliance 512:Michael James German 398:Assembly established 186:Federal party leader 37:The Right Honourable 9134:Wales AMs 2007–2011 9129:Wales AMs 2003–2007 9124:Wales AMs 1999–2003 9028:Wallace of Saltaire 8988:Taylor of Goss Moor 8565:Politics portal 7396:(12 October 2020). 6411:(6 November 2000). 5716:. 18 September 1999 5216:The Birmingham Post 4065:. 19 September 1998 3518:The Daily Telegraph 2742:Putting Wales First 2633:for life. In 2015, 2630:The Right Honorable 2483:Desert Island Discs 2468:UK Parliament Choir 2436:constituency office 2033:equal opportunities 1974:rural hardship fund 1958:Wales Tourist Board 1919:South Wales Valleys 1830:Putting Wales First 1821:Putting Wales First 1778:with his successor 1670:European Commission 1628:Transport for Wales 1615:transport authority 1582:European Parliament 1537:Christine Humphreys 1410:of Plaid Cymru and 1347:for members of the 1262:Christine Humphreys 1257:leadership election 927:St Illtyd's College 827:Christine Humphreys 724:wing of his party. 8998:Thomas of Gresford 8803:Harris of Richmond 8728:Bruce of Bennachie 8377:Title last held by 8247:Political offices 8035:The London Gazette 7777:. 15 November 2011 6904:The London Gazette 6767:. 16 October 2000. 6319:. 10 February 2000 6293:. 22 February 2000 6186:. 15 February 2000 6006:. 23 December 1999 4174:. 13 November 1998 3714:. 18 February 1999 3325:on 15 October 2011 3299:on 15 October 2011 3049:. 1 September 1999 2600:in Prime Minister 2424: 2395:Salisbury Doctrine 2348:of Boris Johnson, 2346:Rwanda asylum plan 2187:In Prime Minister 2185: 2167:and regeneration. 2061: 1986:National Insurance 1962:marketing campaign 1826: 1783: 1525:party spokespeople 1495: 1395: 1328:election manifesto 1031:, he stood as the 991:German joined the 883:Rwanda asylum plan 851:leadership contest 831:leadership contest 777:Conservative Party 578:(divorced) 253:Office Established 151:Office established 9056: 9055: 8778:Garden of Frognal 8585: 8584: 8544:Liberal Democrats 8447: 8446: 8345:Succeeded by 8317:Succeeded by 8293:Succeeded by 8266:Succeeded by 8237:Succeeded by 8185:Michael German AM 7831:South Wales Argus 7751:. 29 January 2003 7534:. 29 January 2024 7429:. 29 January 2024 7289:(30 April 2020). 7135:978-0-19-875382-7 7049:978-1-84731-966-1 6984:South Wales Argus 6928:South Wales Argus 6528:978-1-78683-888-9 6496:. 16 October 2000 6470:. 17 October 2000 6417:The New Statesman 6351:978-0-230-50425-7 6212:. 21 January 2000 6119:978-0-7190-7330-4 6084:. 8 February 2000 6058:. 1 February 2000 5911:. 3 November 1999 5885:. 2 November 1999 5859:. 20 October 1999 5833:. 20 October 1999 5468:978-0-7083-1869-0 5134:978-0-7083-1739-6 5012:978-0-7190-6076-2 4892:978-0-7190-7330-4 4826:978-1-55130-326-0 4383:. 9 November 2007 4300:978-90-5629-428-1 4266:978-1-84275-176-3 4205:. 22 October 1998 3985:978-3-030-55803-1 3838:978-1-84787-686-7 3804:978-0-7509-6480-7 3271:978-0-946358-15-1 3085:South Wales Argus 2858:978-0-230389-79-3 2798:978-0-7486-6971-4 2724:Christine Gwyther 2501:South Wales Argus 2319:COVID-19 pandemic 2272:should not cover 1879:local councillors 1715:Presiding Officer 1649:Christine Gwyther 1246:electoral regions 960:South Wales Argus 662: 661: 542:Liberal Democrats 9141: 9018:Tyler of Enfield 8953:Smith of Newnham 8738:Burt of Solihull 8632:Hereditary peers 8620:Liberal Democrat 8612: 8605: 8598: 8589: 8588: 8577:Wales portal 8575: 8574: 8573: 8563: 8562: 8473: 8466: 8459: 8450: 8449: 8438:Followed by 8417:Preceded by 8355:Preceded by 8328:Preceded by 8276:Preceded by 8227:South Wales East 8217:New constituency 8206: 8205: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8131:"The Honourable" 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8056:. 3 January 1996 8054:South Wales Echo 8046: 8040: 8039: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8009:South Wales Echo 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7983:South Wales Echo 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7957:South Wales Echo 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7689: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7498: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7475:Voice of America 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7408: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7007: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6960:on 24 March 2018 6956:. Archived from 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6920: 6909: 6908: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6814: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6736: 6727: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6673: 6664: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6584: 6575: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6444:. 6 October 2000 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6405: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6376: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6231: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6151: 6142: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6103: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 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5302:South Wales Echo 5293: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5274:. 5 October 2001 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5247:South Wales Echo 5238: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5189:South Wales Echo 5181: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5160:South Wales Echo 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5118: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4970: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4939: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4490: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4455: 4446: 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2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2782: 2758: 2737: 2731: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2658: 2615: 2529:Nargiz Pashayeva 2432:Veronica Watkins 2416:Veronica Watkins 2375:House of Commons 2339:by the back door 2295:universal credit 2278:family breakdown 2161:local government 2078: 2021:government grant 1908: 1677:political crisis 1624:transport policy 1485:First Secretary 1453: 1420:Laura Anne Jones 1392: 1389: 1341:Celtic countries 1105:Allinson at the 965:student activism 907:Parliament Choir 706:South Wales East 671: 654: 653: 651:Archived website 640: 598: 596: 579: 525: 521: 519: 503:Personal details 491: 481: 466: 443: 407: 393: 384: 374:South Wales East 361: 351: 341: 332: 313: 301: 291: 282: 261: 249: 240: 219: 207: 178: 159: 147: 137: 128: 113: 100: 88: 79: 56: 32: 31: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9052: 8833:Lee of Trafford 8678:Allan of Hallam 8659: 8626: 8622:members of the 8616: 8586: 8581: 8571: 8569: 8557: 8549: 8520:Ieuan Wyn Jones 8501: 8482: 8477: 8443: 8430: 8422: 8404:post abolished 8399: 8381:Ieuan Wyn Jones 8378: 8369: 8361: 8358:Jenny Randerson 8350: 8341: 8333: 8323: 8320:Jenny Randerson 8313: 8298: 8296:Kirsty Williams 8289: 8281: 8271: 8269:Kirsty Williams 8262: 8242: 8240:Veronica German 8230: 8223:Assembly Member 8204: 8176: 8171: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8148: 8144: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7975: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7923: 7919: 7904: 7900: 7890: 7888: 7887:. 29 April 2016 7879: 7878: 7874: 7864: 7862: 7852: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7823: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7754: 7752: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7728: 7726: 7716: 7712: 7702: 7700: 7690: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7670:. 6 August 2006 7662: 7661: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7606: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7581: 7580: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7551: 7547: 7537: 7535: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7511: 7509: 7499: 7490: 7480: 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November 2020 7366: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7284: 7280: 7270: 7268: 7267:. 22 April 2020 7265:Shropshire Star 7259: 7258: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7180: 7176: 7166: 7164: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7120: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7018: 7009: 7008: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6922: 6921: 6912: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6734: 6728: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6665: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6582: 6576: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6406: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6377: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6336: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6149: 6143: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6104: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6032:. 17 March 2000 6024: 6023: 6019: 6009: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5973: 5967: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5928: 5924: 5914: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5807: 5805: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5742: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5653: 5652: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5453: 5446: 5436: 5434: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5408: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5294: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5239: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5182: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5119: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4971: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4877: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4851:"A cloudy dawn" 4849: 4848: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4811: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4578:. 15 March 1999 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4552:. 15 March 1999 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4526:. 15 March 1999 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4500:. 11 April 1999 4498:Wales on Sunday 4492: 4491: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4465:. 15 April 1999 4457: 4456: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4322: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4251: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4113: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3944: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3889: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3763: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3734: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3645: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3590: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3510: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3479: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3256: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3138: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3112:. 25 April 1986 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3077: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2953: 2952: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2783: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2738: 2734: 2728:Tom Middlehurst 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2670:Jenny Randerson 2668:. He appointed 2659: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2582: 2574:David TC Davies 2566:crash programme 2470:. He has named 2460:church organist 2426:German married 2414:German married 2408: 2387:human smugglers 2286:disabled people 2236:Veronica German 2173: 2146:Kirsty Williams 2127:Jenny Randerson 2110: 2041: 2006:Cardiff Airport 1966:tourism charter 1909: 1906: 1887:deputy minister 1867: 1862: 1856: 1848:Jenny Randerson 1788:grand coalition 1764: 1758: 1742:Ieuan Wyn Jones 1737:spending review 1666:calf processing 1636: 1598:venture capital 1545:standing orders 1533:Jenny Randerson 1512:Rosemary Butler 1504:Tom Middlehurst 1479: 1473: 1428:Mohammad Asghar 1400:assembly member 1390: 1334:primary school 1316: 1296:Charles Kennedy 1280:Montgomeryshire 1278:until 2001 and 1206:ethnic minority 1168: 1163: 1094:rubbish tipping 1074: 1037:Cardiff Central 989: 935:Open University 915: 793:Cardiff Central 737:Open University 702:Assembly Member 667: 649: 648: 625: 623:Open University 621: 600: 597: 2006) 592: 588: 582: 581: 577: 573: 555: 554:Other political 545: 538:Political party 526: 523: 517: 515: 514: 513: 489: 479: 474: 467: 462: 447: 445: 439: 434: 420: 411:Veronica German 405: 391: 385: 380: 370:Assembly Member 359: 349: 339: 333: 328: 311: 299: 289: 283: 278: 265:Kirsty Williams 259: 247: 241: 236: 223:Kirsty Williams 217: 205: 197: 193: 179: 174: 157: 145: 135: 129: 124: 117:Ieuan Wyn Jones 111: 104:Jenny Randerson 98: 86: 80: 75: 59: 47: 42: 41:The Lord German 39: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9147: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8768:Foster of Bath 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8669: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8624:House of Lords 8615: 8614: 8607: 8600: 8592: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8567: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8537: 8527: 8517: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8490:First Minister 8487: 8484: 8483: 8476: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8453: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8436: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8376: 8371: 8362: 8356: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8343: 8334: 8329: 8325: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8294: 8291: 8282: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8264: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8235: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8175: 8174:External links 8172: 8169: 8168: 8142: 8122: 8096: 8067: 8041: 8021: 7995: 7969: 7943: 7917: 7898: 7872: 7843: 7814: 7788: 7762: 7736: 7724:The New Yorker 7710: 7681: 7652: 7626: 7600: 7571: 7545: 7519: 7488: 7462: 7440: 7414: 7385: 7359: 7347:Inside Housing 7333: 7307: 7278: 7252: 7226: 7214:Inside Housing 7200: 7188:Inside Housing 7174: 7148: 7134: 7114: 7102:Inside Housing 7088: 7062: 7048: 7028: 6997: 6971: 6941: 6930:. 30 June 2010 6910: 6890: 6864: 6835: 6796: 6770: 6765:news.bbc.co.uk 6752: 6715: 6689: 6652: 6641:. 29 June 2001 6639:Liverpool Echo 6626: 6615:. 29 June 2001 6600: 6567: 6541: 6527: 6507: 6481: 6455: 6429: 6409:Starling, Paul 6397: 6364: 6350: 6330: 6304: 6278: 6252: 6241:. 5 March 2000 6223: 6197: 6171: 6132: 6118: 6095: 6069: 6043: 6017: 5991: 5948: 5922: 5896: 5870: 5844: 5815: 5789: 5763: 5727: 5698: 5672: 5641: 5615: 5589: 5561: 5535: 5524:. 14 July 1999 5506: 5481: 5467: 5444: 5418: 5392: 5366: 5355:. 14 July 2019 5340: 5314: 5285: 5259: 5228: 5202: 5173: 5147: 5133: 5110: 5084: 5058: 5025: 5011: 4991: 4960: 4931: 4905: 4891: 4868: 4839: 4825: 4802: 4776: 4750: 4724: 4698: 4672: 4646: 4615: 4589: 4563: 4537: 4511: 4476: 4447: 4421: 4410:(4): 536–546. 4394: 4368: 4342: 4313: 4299: 4279: 4265: 4242: 4216: 4185: 4159: 4133: 4102: 4076: 4050: 4024: 3998: 3984: 3964: 3935: 3909: 3876: 3851: 3837: 3817: 3803: 3783: 3754: 3725: 3696: 3665: 3636: 3610: 3581: 3555: 3530: 3499: 3468: 3442: 3414: 3388: 3362: 3351:. 2 March 1998 3336: 3310: 3284: 3270: 3247: 3184: 3173:. 17 June 2003 3158: 3123: 3097: 3060: 3011: 2972: 2961:. 6 April 1999 2929: 2903: 2871: 2857: 2837: 2811: 2797: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2732: 2704:European Union 2683: 2674: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2581: 2578: 2539:and can speak 2407: 2404: 2379:second reading 2377:and deny it a 2370:asylum seekers 2205:House of Lords 2181:House of Lords 2172: 2171:House of Lords 2169: 2109: 2106: 2101:smear campaign 2040: 2037: 2008:in March with 1970:national parks 1904: 1866: 1863: 1855: 1852: 1757: 1754: 1644:farming crisis 1635: 1632: 1574:European Union 1561:Clapham Common 1472: 1469: 1412:William Graham 1408:Jocelyn Davies 1373:regional lists 1315: 1312: 1276:Richard Livsey 1225:first election 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1124:housing crisis 1073: 1070: 1045:Jon Owen Jones 997:social justice 988: 985: 914: 911: 714:House of Lords 660: 659: 656: 655: 646: 642: 641: 634: 630: 629: 616: 610: 609: 606: 602: 601: 590: 584: 583: 575: 571: 570: 568: 564: 563: 557: 551: 550: 539: 535: 534: 511: 509: 505: 504: 500: 499: 496: 495: 492: 486: 485: 482: 476: 475: 469: 459: 458: 452: 451: 441:Assumed office 436: 435: 428: 425: 424: 414: 413: 408: 402: 401: 394: 388: 387: 377: 376: 366: 365: 362: 356: 355: 352: 346: 345: 342: 340:First Minister 336: 335: 325: 324: 318: 317: 314: 308: 307: 302: 296: 295: 292: 290:First Minister 286: 285: 275: 274: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 233: 232: 226: 225: 220: 214: 213: 208: 202: 201: 188: 182: 181: 171: 170: 164: 163: 160: 154: 153: 148: 142: 141: 138: 136:First Minister 132: 131: 121: 120: 114: 108: 107: 101: 95: 94: 89: 87:First Minister 83: 82: 72: 71: 65: 64: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 43: 40: 35: 21:Michael German 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9146: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9074:Living people 9072: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9049: 9048:Wrigglesworth 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8748:Clement-Jones 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8613: 8608: 8606: 8601: 8599: 8594: 8593: 8590: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8552: 8545: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8510:Rhodri Morgan 8508: 8507: 8504: 8499: 8495: 8494:Rhodri Morgan 8491: 8485: 8481: 8474: 8469: 8467: 8462: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8451: 8442: 8435: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8421: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8402: 8398: 8397: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8367: 8359: 8353: 8349: 8348:Rhodri Morgan 8340: 8339: 8332: 8331:Rhodri Morgan 8326: 8321: 8312: 8311: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8288: 8287: 8280: 8274: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8254: 8250: 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8126: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8025: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7984: 7980: 7973: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7902: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7848: 7832: 7828: 7821: 7819: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7750: 7746: 7740: 7725: 7721: 7714: 7699: 7695: 7688: 7686: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7630: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7451: 7444: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7282: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7241: 7237: 7230: 7215: 7211: 7204: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7163:. 15 May 2013 7162: 7158: 7152: 7137: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7118: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7077: 7073: 7066: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7032: 7017:. 30 May 2010 7016: 7012: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6986:. 2 July 2010 6985: 6981: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6879:. 28 May 2010 6878: 6874: 6868: 6853: 6849: 6842: 6840: 6824:. 28 May 2010 6823: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6785:. 28 May 2010 6784: 6780: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6704:. 9 July 1999 6703: 6699: 6693: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6572: 6556: 6552: 6545: 6530: 6524: 6520: 6519: 6511: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6353: 6347: 6343: 6342: 6334: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6228: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6121: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6102: 6100: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5926: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5629: 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