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304:, a taxpayer-funded agency, kept track of all northerners and suspected activists. The Commission conducted economic boycotts and intimidation against activists. In 1998 its records were opened by court order, revealing the state's deep complicity in the 1964 murders of three civil right workers because its investigator, A. L. Hopkins, passed on information about the workers, including their car license number, to the Commission. Records showed the Commission passed the information on to the Sheriff of
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297:. In the summer of 1964 CORE intended to hold classes and drives to register African Americans to vote in the state, what they called "Freedom Summer". Many volunteers, mostly college students and young adults, had been recruited from local communities and northern/western states to work on this project.
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Schwerner's widow Rita, who also worked for CORE in
Meridian, expressed indignation publicly at the way the story was handled. She said she believed that if only Chaney (who was black) was missing and the two white men from New York had not been killed along with him, the case would not have received
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targeted
Schwerner after he and his wife, Rita, had taken over the Meridian CORE field office, where they established a community center for blacks as part of grassroots organizing. Schwerner tried to establish contact with white working-class citizens of Meridian and went door-to-door to speak with
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556:, says that as a child, he was bullied, and sought out the protection of older boys; one of them was Michael Schwerner. Reich cites this event as an inspiration to "fight the bullies, to protect the powerless, to make sure that the people without a voice have a voice."
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lover?". Schwerner replied "Sir, I know just how you feel," before
Roberts shot him in the heart. Goodman was killed by Roberts in the same manner, while Chaney was killed by either Roberts or James Jordan, after beating, chain-whipping and castrating him.
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had written extensively about the case for many years in the late 20th century. Mitchell had earned renown for helping secure convictions by his investigation of several other high-profile Civil Rights Era murder cases, including the assassination of
380:, had been accused by parishioners of stopping their caravan and forcing the deacons to kneel in the headlights of their own cars, while they were beaten with rifle butts. That same group of white men was identified as having burned the church.
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Schwerner "was described by family and friends as friendly, good-natured, gentle, mischievous, and 'full of life and ideas'. He believed all people were essentially good. He loved sports, animals, poker,
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The men's bodies remained undiscovered for 44 days. In the meantime, the case of the missing civil-rights workers became a major national story, especially coming on top of other events during
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on June 21, 2005. He was the only man charged with homicide in connection to the killings. Killen was sentenced to sixty years in prison—twenty years for each count, served consecutively.
387:. They were released that evening, without being allowed to telephone anyone. On the way back to Meridian, they were stopped by patrol lights and two carloads with members of the
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State of
Mississippi roadside marker denoting the location where the 1964 murders of American civil rights workers Goodman, Chaney, and Schwerner took place
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was a local youth who started working with them there. The
Schwerners were the first whites to be assigned by CORE permanently outside the state capital of
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Robert Reich (November 18, 2011). "Transcript: Robert Reich’s speech at Occupy Cal". The Daily
Californian. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
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nicknamed "Preacher," pleaded "Not Guilty" to state charges of the murders of the three men. The jury found him guilty of three counts of
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contest, presented important new evidence and compelling reasons for reopening the case. Bradford also obtained an interview with
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Deputy
Sheriff Cecil Price arrested Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner for an alleged traffic violation and took them to the jail in
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High School, and his father, Nathan
Schwerner (June 19, 1909 – March 6, 1991), was a businessman. Schwerner attended
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687:"Activist Michael Schwerner, PMHS grad murdered by Klan in '64, memorialized with plaque near street named for him"
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nearly as much national attention, as other black civil rights workers had earlier been killed in the South.
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In the early 1960s
Schwerner became active in working for civil rights for African Americans; he led a local
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Civil rights activists were resented and held under suspicion by white
Mississippians. Spies paid by the
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on Highway 19, then taken in Price's car to another remote rural road. One of the Klansmen,
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them. He also organized a black boycott of a popular variety store until it hired its first
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957:(GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed June 7, 2021.
407:. The federal government quickly assigned the FBI to a full investigation and called in
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218:. While an undergraduate at Cornell, he was initiated into the school's chapter of
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588:, renamed a section of Harmon Avenue as "Michael Schwerner Way" in his honor.
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assigned the Schwerners to organize the community center and activities in
234:
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261:, called "Downtown CORE." He participated in a 1963 effort to desegregate
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925:"President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom"
535:
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http://www.dailycal.org/2011/11/18/transcript-robert-reichs-speech-at/
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Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner § Legacy and honors
2910:
451:, and Michael Schwerner at Mt. Nebo Missionary Baptist Church in
241:. Schwerner helped protect Reich, who was smaller, from bullies.
178:, most of whom had been disenfranchised in the state since 1890.
3862:
People murdered by law enforcement officers in the United States
591:
Schwerner, along with Goodman and Chaney, received a posthumous
2978:
961:
The True Story Of How The Mississippi Burning Case Was Reopened
895:"Section of Harmon Avenue Dedicated as "Michael Schwerner Way""
859:. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School. Archived from
396:
506:
in 1964. He relied in part on evidence developed by Bradford.
1713:
804:"Mississippi Commission's Files a Treasure Trove of Innuendo"
486:
in his Mississippi home, the latter of which was ordered by
324:, under the principle of "don't shop where you can't work".
934:
610:
Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner § In culture
346:
174:
work, which included promoting voting registration among
222:
fraternity. He entered graduate school at the School of
3163:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
2941:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
368:, and Michael Schwerner were murdered near the town of
3187:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1540:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1405:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
1012:
194:, to a family of Jewish heritage, Schwerner attended
618:
502:
discover the bodies and smash the conspiracy of the
3235:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
146:(November 6, 1939 – June 21, 1964) was an American
18:
American activist and KKK murder victim (1939–1964)
843:"Mississippi Burning FAQs - Speaking For A Change"
463:, an award-winning investigative reporter for the
3807:Columbia University School of Social Work alumni
3753:
1771:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
423:The US government prosecuted the case under the
1761:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1694:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1585:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
656:"1964: Three civil rights activists found dead"
411:sailors and other forces to aid in the search.
3240:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
3434:
3148:List of lynching victims in the United States
1486:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
998:
776:"The Blessing and Burden of Being John Lewis"
745:
728:
3797:Assassinated American civil rights activists
751:
3782:Activists for African-American civil rights
1615:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
181:
3441:
3427:
1664:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
1005:
991:
31:
3822:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
3448:
3220:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
712:"The Cornell Daily Sun 23 September 1964"
334:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
3852:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
3255:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1295:University of Georgia desegregation riot
773:
569:
438:
337:
302:Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission
244:
3169:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
2906:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
2901:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
955:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
3754:
3083:African-American women in the movement
1535:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1366:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
774:Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (July 23, 2020).
265:in Maryland. As activism increased in
3422:
1524:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
986:
754:"When the Klan murdered my protector"
603:
312:, who was implicated in the murders.
154:(CORE) field workers killed in rural
3707:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
3292:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1756:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1704:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1650:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
1127:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
1052:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
681:
679:
559:
1699:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1635:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1305:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
752:Robert Reich (September 26, 2023).
206:, originally intending to become a
170:, were killed in response to their
13:
3460:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
3143:African-American churches attacked
1709:Montgomery Improvement Association
1684:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1669:Council of Federated Organizations
1640:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1398:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1356:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
1162:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
1066:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
977:University of Missouri–Kansas City
951:“Long, Hot Summer '64; Episode 9,”
801:
476:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
434:
349:in 1964, shows the photographs of
14:
3873:
3792:American people of Jewish descent
3772:1964 murders in the United States
3215:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
3088:Jews in the civil rights movement
944:
676:
389:White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
3827:Michigan State University alumni
3812:Deaths by firearm in Mississippi
3740:Civil rights movement portal
3733:
3409:Civil rights movement portal
3402:
3250:Freedom Riders National Monument
2992:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1504:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1463:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1350:Second Emancipation Proclamation
933:. November 10, 2014 – via
857:"Biography of Michael Schwerner"
621:
214:and switched his major to rural
162:. Schwerner and two co-workers,
3277:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
3265:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1741:National Council of Negro Women
1679:Deacons for Defense and Justice
917:
901:. June 13, 2008. Archived from
887:
875:
849:
729:Patrick Gavin (July 30, 2012).
233:As a boy, Schwerner befriended
119:
3847:People murdered in Mississippi
1157:Mansfield school desegregation
966:Biography of Michael Schwerner
835:
821:
795:
767:
722:
704:
648:
524:
418:
1:
3817:Jewish civil rights activists
3287:National Voting Rights Museum
3230:Civil Rights Movement Archive
3029:Lynching in the United States
2916:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1371:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1344:University of Chicago sit-ins
1111:Davis v. Prince Edward County
642:
593:Presidential Medal of Freedom
134:Presidential Medal of Freedom
3837:People from Pelham, New York
3777:20th-century American people
3282:National Civil Rights Museum
3138:March on Washington Movement
3123:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1592:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
578:
7:
3857:Victims of the Ku Klux Klan
2926:"This Little Light of Mine"
1674:Dallas County Voters League
1620:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1383:Letter from Birmingham Jail
1090:Brown v. Board of Education
731:"Answer This: Robert Reich"
614:
281:, the CORE state director.
251:Congress of Racial Equality
196:Pelham Memorial High School
156:Neshoba County, Mississippi
152:Congress of Racial Equality
10:
3878:
3260:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3128:Holt Street Baptist Church
3098:16th Street Baptist Church
2082:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1726:Nashville Student Movement
1656:An Appeal for Human Rights
607:
563:
331:
269:, Schwerner, recruited by
25:Michael "Mickey" Schwerner
3802:Cornell University alumni
3722:
3699:
3483:
3467:
3456:
3398:
3300:
3202:
3016:
2949:
2891:
2870:
2757:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2727:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
1799:
1791:Women's Political Council
1786:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1781:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1766:Southern Regional Council
1736:Northern Student Movement
1645:Committee for Freedom Now
1605:
1552:Memphis sanitation strike
1518:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1440:
1261:Savannah Protest Movement
1223:
1081:
1042:Journey of Reconciliation
1034:
1021:
716:cdsun.library.cornell.edu
584:In 2008, his hometown of
474:in Mississippi, the 1963
453:Philadelphia, Mississippi
370:Philadelphia, Mississippi
327:
204:Michigan State University
129:
104:
96:
86:
78:Philadelphia, Mississippi
65:
39:
30:
23:
1625:Atlanta Student Movement
1574:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1499:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1480:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1378:1963 Birmingham campaign
1271:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1195:Civil Rights Act of 1957
357:, and Michael Schwerner.
263:Gwynn Oak Amusement Park
182:Early life and education
3787:American murder victims
3606:Delano Herman Middleton
3177:Voter Education Project
2931:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2592:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2027:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1453:Chester school protests
1448:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1410:Detroit Walk to Freedom
1152:Tallahassee bus boycott
1073:Baton Rouge bus boycott
832:(2008) documentary film
425:Enforcement Act of 1870
239:U.S. Secretary of Labor
144:Michael Henry Schwerner
44:Michael Henry Schwerner
3832:Murdered American Jews
3576:Martin Luther King Jr.
3390:Movement photographers
2632:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2352:Martin Luther King Sr.
2347:Martin Luther King Jr.
1917:William Holmes Borders
1689:Highlander Folk School
1579:Poor People's Campaign
1432:St. Augustine movement
1282:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
1205:Katz Drug Store sit-in
1176:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
1138:Montgomery bus boycott
575:
466:Jackson Clarion-Ledger
456:
443:A memorial to victims
358:
345:poster created by the
150:. He was one of three
3842:People from the Bronx
3727:Civil Rights Movement
3713:Mississippi Cold Case
3450:Civil Rights Memorial
3225:Civil Rights Memorial
3113:Bethel Baptist Church
2762:Charles Kenzie Steele
2207:Audrey Faye Hendricks
2112:Myrlie Evers-Williams
2092:Patricia Stephens Due
2062:Abraham Lincoln Davis
1997:Colia Lafayette Clark
1751:Operation Breadbasket
1746:National Urban League
1493:Katzenbach v. McClung
1361:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
1014:Civil rights movement
971:May 15, 2008, at the
802:AP (March 18, 1998).
637:Civil Rights Movement
573:
442:
341:
275:Rita Schwerner Bender
245:Civil rights activism
148:civil rights activist
3536:Roman Ducksworth Jr.
3506:Johnnie Mae Chappell
3270:other King memorials
3245:Freedom Rides Museum
3182:1960s counterculture
3133:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2812:Walter Francis White
2717:Alexander D. Shimkin
1231:New Year's Day March
1200:Ministers' Manifesto
1047:Executive Order 9981
509:On January 7, 2005,
492:National History Day
482:, and the murder of
253:(CORE) group on the
210:. He transferred to
158:, by members of the
3656:Henry Ezekial Smith
3626:Mack Charles Parker
3621:William Lewis Moore
3611:Charles Eddie Moore
3601:Carol Denise McNair
3008:Mary McLeod Bethune
2969:Sermon on the Mount
2936:"We Shall Overcome"
2517:William Lewis Moore
2297:Frank Minis Johnson
2272:Richie Jean Jackson
2227:Donald L. Hollowell
2032:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
1837:Gwendolyn Armstrong
1832:William G. Anderson
1812:Victoria Gray Adams
1776:The Freedom Singers
1630:Black Panther Party
1415:March on Washington
1328:Garner v. Louisiana
1289:Boynton v. Virginia
393:Alton Wayne Roberts
237:, who later became
228:Columbia University
186:Born and raised in
87:Cause of death
3566:Jimmie Lee Jackson
3561:Samuel Hammond Jr.
3531:Henry Hezekiah Dee
3325:Michael Eric Dyson
3210:In popular culture
3093:Fifth Circuit Four
3077:Loving v. Virginia
3070:Hernandez v. Texas
3049:Buchanan v. Warley
3041:Separate but equal
3035:Plessy v. Ferguson
2998:Frederick Douglass
2832:Robert F. Williams
2742:Kelly Miller Smith
2722:Fred Shuttlesworth
2647:Frederick D. Reese
2627:George Raymond Jr.
2617:A. Philip Randolph
2597:Fay Bellamy Powell
2512:Queen Mother Moore
2397:Z. Alexander Looby
2342:Coretta Scott King
2287:Barbara Rose Johns
2267:Jimmie Lee Jackson
2192:William E. Harbour
1972:Stokely Carmichael
1887:Randolph Blackwell
1557:King assassination
1546:Loving v. Virginia
1530:March Against Fear
1510:How Long, Not Long
1388:Children's Crusade
1339:Cambridge movement
1276:Ax Handle Saturday
1241:Greensboro sit-ins
1168:Give Us the Ballot
953:1964-08-06, WGBH,
781:The New York Times
604:In popular culture
576:
457:
359:
212:Cornell University
137:(Posthumous; 2014)
3749:
3748:
3686:Ben Chester White
3676:Virgil Lamar Ware
3651:Michael Schwerner
3516:Addie Mae Collins
3416:
3415:
3193:Eyes on the Prize
3108:A.G. Gaston Motel
3103:Kelly Ingram Park
3063:Sweatt v. Painter
2747:Mary Louise Smith
2707:Cleveland Sellers
2692:Michael Schwerner
2657:Gloria Richardson
2437:Thurgood Marshall
2357:Bernard Lafayette
2087:John Wesley Dobbs
1601:
1600:
1320:Birmingham attack
1300:Rock Hill sit-ins
1251:Sibley Commission
1246:Nashville sit-ins
1118:Gebhart v. Belton
1104:Briggs v. Elliott
1097:Bolling v. Sharpe
1058:Sweatt v. Painter
935:National Archives
560:Legacy and honors
515:white supremacist
449:James Earl Chaney
176:African Americans
141:
140:
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3691:Sammy Younge Jr.
3646:Carole Robertson
3581:Bruce W. Klunder
3571:Wharlest Jackson
3526:Jonathan Daniels
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3407:
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3370:Charles M. Payne
3355:Steven F. Lawson
3345:David Halberstam
3315:Clayborne Carson
3056:Hocutt v. Wilson
3003:W. E. B. Du Bois
2852:Sammy Younge Jr.
2837:Q. V. Williamson
2802:Wyatt Tee Walker
2667:Bernice Robinson
2612:Lincoln Ragsdale
2602:Rodney N. Powell
2497:Douglas E. Moore
2372:Sanford R. Leigh
2307:J. Charles Jones
2182:Fannie Lou Hamer
2097:Joseph Ellwanger
2057:Jonathan Daniels
2047:Claudette Colvin
2037:Annie Lee Cooper
2022:Kathleen Cleaver
2017:Eldridge Cleaver
1992:Shirley Chisholm
1882:Gloria Blackwell
1473:workers' murders
1420:"I Have a Dream"
1315:Anniston bombing
1266:Greenville Eight
1181:Little Rock Nine
1144:Browder v. Gayle
1032:
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905:on June 30, 2013
899:The Pelhams-PLUS
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664:. August 4, 1964
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629:Biography portal
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586:Pelham, New York
511:Edgar Ray Killen
496:Edgar Ray Killen
322:African American
273:, and his wife,
220:Alpha Epsilon Pi
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100:Mickey Schwerner
97:Other names
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3375:Thomas E. Ricks
3365:Diane McWhorter
3350:Vincent Harding
3335:Adam Fairclough
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3153:Freedom Schools
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2878:Omaha, Nebraska
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2782:Hartman Turnbow
2772:Dorothy Tillman
2732:Glenn E. Smiley
2712:Charles Sherrod
2672:Jo Ann Robinson
2547:Charles Neblett
2537:Elijah Muhammad
2502:Harriette Moore
2462:Floyd McKissick
2447:Franklin McCain
2382:Stanley Levison
2247:T. R. M. Howard
2197:Vincent Harding
2127:Walter Fauntroy
2012:Xernona Clayton
1962:John H. Calhoun
1947:Aurelia Browder
1937:Stanley Branche
1932:Raylawni Branch
1912:Joseph E. Boone
1897:Ezell Blair Jr.
1892:Unita Blackwell
1867:Harry Belafonte
1807:Ralph Abernathy
1795:
1731:Nation of Islam
1607:
1597:
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1393:Birmingham riot
1334:Albany Movement
1256:Atlanta sit-ins
1236:Sit-in movement
1219:
1215:Biloxi wade-ins
1187:Cooper v. Aaron
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973:Wayback Machine
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3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:"Oh, Freedom"
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Whitney Young
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Kale Williams
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Albert Turner
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:A. P. Tureaud
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Bayard Rustin
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:William Moyer
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Joseph McNeil
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Charles McDew
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Benjamin Mays
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Vivian Malone
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Joseph Lowery
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Clyde Kennard
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Vernon Jordan
2315:
2313:
2312:Matthew Jones
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:T. J. Jemison
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Jesse Jackson
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Robert Graetz
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Golden Frinks
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Charles Evers
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Vernon Dahmer
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Septima Clark
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Bruce Boynton
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:James Baldwin
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Mathew Ahmann
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:Youth Council
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:Freedom Rides
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:Prior to 1954
1033:
1030:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
988:
985:
978:
974:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
948:
936:
932:
931:
926:
920:
904:
900:
896:
890:
884:
878:
862:
858:
852:
844:
838:
831:
830:
824:
809:
805:
798:
783:
782:
777:
770:
759:September 26,
755:
748:
732:
725:
717:
713:
707:
692:
688:
682:
680:
663:
662:
657:
651:
647:
638:
635:
634:
630:
619:
611:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
582:
572:
567:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
533:
522:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:Samuel Bowers
485:
484:Vernon Dahmer
481:
477:
473:
468:
467:
462:
454:
450:
446:
441:
432:
430:
429:jury deadlock
426:
416:
412:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
325:
323:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
135:
132:
128:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
79:
69:June 21, 1964
68:
64:
59:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
16:
3731:
3711:
3650:
3596:Viola Liuzzo
3556:Paul Guihard
3546:Medgar Evers
3511:James Chaney
3458:
3400:
3340:David Garrow
3320:John Dittmer
3191:
3118:Brown Chapel
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3033:
2990:
2842:Andrew Young
2797:A. T. Walden
2792:C. T. Vivian
2752:Maxine Smith
2691:
2587:Homer Plessy
2567:James Orange
2522:Irene Morgan
2477:William Ming
2457:Ralph McGill
2392:Viola Liuzzo
2377:Jim Letherer
2362:James Lawson
2292:Vernon Johns
2282:Esau Jenkins
2237:Myles Horton
2187:Fred Hampton
2177:Prathia Hall
2167:Dick Gregory
2137:Marie Foster
2132:James Forman
2122:James Farmer
2107:Medgar Evers
2067:Angela Davis
2002:Ramsey Clark
1982:James Chaney
1977:Johnnie Carr
1957:Ralph Bunche
1952:H. Rap Brown
1942:Ruby Bridges
1902:Joanne Bland
1877:Claude Black
1857:Marion Barry
1827:Muhammad Ali
1654:
1590:
1583:
1544:
1522:
1491:
1484:
1326:
1287:
1280:
1210:Kissing Case
1185:
1142:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1064:
1056:
928:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
898:
889:
877:
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
851:
837:
827:
823:
811:. Retrieved
808:MDCBowen.org
807:
797:
785:. Retrieved
779:
769:
757:. Retrieved
747:
735:. Retrieved
724:
715:
706:
694:. Retrieved
690:
666:. Retrieved
659:
650:
597:Barack Obama
554:Bill Clinton
550:Jimmy Carter
542:Robert Reich
540:
528:
519:manslaughter
508:
472:Medgar Evers
464:
458:
422:
413:
402:
382:
362:James Chaney
360:
355:James Chaney
317:Ku Klux Klan
314:
299:
291:James Chaney
248:
235:Robert Reich
232:
208:veterinarian
200:New Rochelle
185:
172:civil rights
164:James Chaney
160:Ku Klux Klan
143:
142:
71:(1964-06-21)
15:
3767:1964 deaths
3762:1939 births
3666:Emmett Till
3661:Lamar Smith
3631:Lemuel Penn
3616:Oneal Moore
3591:Herbert Lee
3491:Louis Allen
3360:Doug McAdam
3330:Chuck Fager
2957:Nonviolence
2862:James Zwerg
2857:Bob Zellner
2817:Roy Wilkins
2767:Hank Thomas
2702:Pete Seeger
2697:Bobby Seale
2562:Jack O'Dell
2557:Edgar Nixon
2487:Amzie Moore
2482:Jack Minnis
2422:Mae Mallory
2407:Clara Luper
2367:Bernard Lee
2257:Cecil Ivory
2252:Ruby Hurley
2222:Oliver Hill
2217:Aaron Henry
2117:Chuck Fager
2077:Dave Dennis
1967:Guy Carawan
1907:Julian Bond
1872:James Bevel
1862:Daisy Bates
1133:Emmett Till
1016:(1954–1968)
546:Gerald Ford
532:W.C. Fields
525:Personality
459:Journalist
419:First trial
378:Cecil Price
279:Dave Dennis
224:Social Work
111:Rita Levant
3756:Categories
3636:James Reeb
3303:historians
2984:Satyagraha
2950:Influences
2642:James Reeb
2577:James Peck
2572:Rosa Parks
2542:Diane Nash
2412:Danny Lyon
2387:John Lewis
2332:A. D. King
2232:James Hood
1847:Ella Baker
1817:Zev Aelony
979:Law School
733:. Politico
643:References
536:rock music
480:Birmingham
271:John Lewis
50:1939-11-06
2962:Padayatra
2911:"Kumbaya"
2871:By region
2527:Bob Moses
2432:Bob Mants
2417:Malcolm X
2337:C.B. King
2157:Fred Gray
1800:Activists
1441:1964–1968
1224:1960–1963
1082:1954–1959
787:August 2,
579:Schwerner
283:Bob Moses
267:the South
259:Manhattan
216:sociology
3475:Maya Lin
3468:Designer
2892:Movement
2322:Tom Kahn
1606:Activist
1026:timeline
969:Archived
696:April 4,
668:April 4,
661:BBC News
615:See also
599:in 2014.
287:Meridian
192:New York
3700:Related
3484:Martyrs
3017:Related
2607:Al Raby
1562:funeral
1425:Big Six
867:May 20,
829:Neshoba
295:Jackson
124:
116:
3203:Legacy
2979:Ahimsa
1608:groups
1069:(1950)
1061:(1950)
1022:Events
909:May 9,
813:May 9,
737:May 2,
552:, and
534:, and
397:nigger
328:Murder
188:Pelham
130:Awards
105:Spouse
91:Murder
80:, U.S.
60:, U.S.
3301:Noted
2894:songs
1714:NAACP
1567:riots
975:from
118:(
114:
911:2013
869:2008
815:2008
789:2020
761:2023
739:2014
698:2023
670:2023
504:Klan
409:Navy
315:The
166:and
66:Died
40:Born
538:."
500:FBI
478:in
347:FBI
257:of
226:at
3758::
927:.
897:.
806:.
778:.
714:.
689:.
678:^
658:.
548:,
447:,
431:.
364:,
353:,
308:,
289:.
230:.
190:,
120:m.
3442:e
3435:t
3428:v
3171:"
3167:"
1512:"
1508:"
1352:"
1348:"
1170:"
1166:"
1028:)
1024:(
1006:e
999:t
992:v
937:.
913:.
871:.
817:.
791:.
763:.
741:.
718:.
700:.
672:.
455:.
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
