240:, Fox argues that, in many cases, invasive animal testing is ethically justifiable, and that the ethical challenges to it can be overcome. He also explores a number of experiments that have received particular criticism from critics, including some addressed by Singer. Much of the book is given over to an explanation and exploration of the place of animal testing in science. Despite his defence of animal testing, Fox closes the book with a series of recommendations for how the system could be improved. The book was widely reviewed, and a paperback edition was released in 1988.
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as "an embarrassment" to him. Quoting his own words on human superiority, he wrote that he "now look at these arrogant remarks with dismay". He reported that critical reviews and the comments of a personal friend had been able to awaken him from "dogmatic slumber" about human duties to animals. Years
314:. In the latter book, Fox presents peace as a way of life and an ideal to be aimed for, asking the question of why humans engage in violent activity and what can be done to prevent violence. In 2016, his
279:
in 1999. In this book, Fox presents arguments in favour of vegetarianism, exploring its cultural and historical background and linking it with other progressive movements, especially
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Less than a year after the book's initial publication, Fox found himself "in radical disagreement with some of its major theses". Fox published a paper in
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entitled "The Case
Against Animal Experimentation", representing the "reversal of the view once defended". This paper analysed and supplemented
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Fox, Michael (2000). "The case against animal experimentation: Comments on
Dunayer's 'in the name of science'".
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232:. Fox then published a series of papers challenging Singer's ideas, and advised several organisations on
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journal articles, over 40 book reviews and a range of other popular, academic and technical works.
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199:'s James Martineau Memorial Lecturer. In addition to teaching at Queen's, he was the editor of
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302:(2009, Humanity Books), an introduction to the thought of several figures associated with
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from 1966 until his retirement in 2005. He is the author of a number of books, including
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retracting his arguments and offering a case against animal experimentation, describing
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107:(born 7 May 1940) is an American/Canadian/Australian philosopher who was based at
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345:. Brighton, England: Harvester Press; Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes & Noble.
334:
554:
The case for animal experimentation: An evolutionary and ethical perspective
507:
The Case for Animal
Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective
357:
The Case for Animal
Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective
214:
The Case for Animal
Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective
117:
The Case for Animal
Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective
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In addition to his books, Fox has published over 20 book chapters, over 40
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688:
Lockie, Stewart, Jen
Hayward, and Nell Salem (2002). "Book reviews".
311:
286:
In 2005, the same year as his retirement from Queen's, Fox published
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in 1966, and remained at the institution until his retirement to
123:, 1986)—the arguments and conclusion of which he later rejected—
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228:, and had dismissed Singer's arguments about the wrong of
1830:
An Essay on
Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty
625:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
449:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
359:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
175:. He began teaching in the Department of Philosophy at
679:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press.
463:
Animal experimentation: A philosopher's changing views
366:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press.
1862:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
483:Cartmill, Matt (1986). "Animal rights and wrongs".
887:". Queen's University. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
415:". Queen's University. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
348:Fox, Michael Allen, and Leo Groarke, eds. (1985).
853:Understanding Peace: A Comprehensive Introduction
308:Understanding Peace: A Comprehensive Introduction
3816:Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
3747:
457:
455:
939:
598:Burke, Robert and Jerrold Tannenbaum (1986). "
224:'s call for animal liberation in the latter's
1588:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
925:
452:
726:Philbrow, Anne (2000). "Michael Allen Fox,
431:. University of New England. Archived from
343:Schopenhauer: His Philosophical Achievement
932:
918:
704:Goering, Sara (1999). "Michael Allen Fox,
2126:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows
1950:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian
298:. Since his retirement, he has published
171:and then a Master of Arts and PhD at the
1776:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association
851:Harris, Ian (2015). "Matthew Allen Fox.
600:The ethics of animal research: Two views
16:American/Canadian/Australian philosopher
2363:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment
350:Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives
3748:
1801:List of vegetarian and vegan companies
636:Author reverses views on animal rights
328:
183:, Australia, in 2005. He also took up
167:Fox studied for a Bachelor of Arts at
1918:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses
1578:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
913:
423:
421:
294:, with the Humanity Books imprint of
220:in 1986. Fox had been unimpressed by
3806:21st-century Australian philosophers
3801:20th-century Australian philosophers
3524:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
3111:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
797:. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books.
752:. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books.
380:. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books.
373:. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books.
290:, an introduction to the thought of
623:The Case for Animal Experimentation
577:The case for animal experimentation
447:The Case for Animal Experimentation
269:The Case for Animal Experimentation
251:The Case for Animal Experimentation
238:The Case for Animal Experimentation
73:The Case for Animal Experimentation
13:
3791:21st-century Canadian philosophers
3786:20th-century Canadian philosophers
1854:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food
874:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
418:
394:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
267:After retracting his arguments in
14:
3847:
1822:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
1716:North American Vegetarian Society
894:
3776:American vegetarianism activists
3539:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro
1669:Christian Vegetarian Association
824:
779:
341:Fox, Michael Allen, ed. (1980).
254:later, Fox published a paper in
3781:Canadian animal rights scholars
3766:American animal rights scholars
2078:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone
877:
872:Home: A Very Short Introduction
864:
845:
832:
800:
787:
755:
742:
720:
698:
682:
669:
650:
628:
615:
592:
392:Home: A Very Short Introduction
318:was published as a part of the
316:Home: A Very Short Introduction
264:'s critique of animal testing.
153:Home: A Very Short Introduction
3671:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
2022:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks
1761:Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
1746:Toronto Vegetarian Association
1689:International Vegetarian Union
855:. New York: Routledge, 2014."
810:The Remarkable Existentialists
795:The Remarkable Existentialists
659:Organization & Environment
582:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
569:
543:
521:
496:
477:
439:
405:
378:The Remarkable Existentialists
300:The Remarkable Existentialists
257:Organization & Environment
218:University of California Press
193:Australian National University
141:The Remarkable Existentialists
121:University of California Press
52:American, Canadian, Australian
1:
3686:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
3610:Food for Thought (restaurant)
2203:Diet for a New America (film)
1982:The Benefits of Vegetarianism
1846:A Vindication of Natural Diet
1613:Vegan Prisoners Support Group
398:
216:, which was published by the
3826:University of Toronto alumni
2030:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook
1250:Seventh-day Adventist Church
690:Agriculture and Human Values
634:Fox, Michael Allen (1986). "
575:Richmond, Caroline (1986). "
461:Fox, Michael Allen (1987). "
7:
3655:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel
2070:The Sexual Politics of Meat
1188:Environmental vegetarianism
1043:Environmental vegetarianism
870:Fox, Michael Allen (2016).
838:Fox, Michael Allen (2013).
793:Fox, Michael Allen (2009).
748:Fox, Michael Allen (2005).
675:Fox, Michael Allen (1999).
512:Quarterly Review of Biology
390:Fox, Michael Allen (2016).
383:Fox, Michael Allen (2013).
376:Fox, Michael Allen (2009).
369:Fox, Michael Allen (2005).
362:Fox, Michael Allen (1999).
355:Fox, Michael Allen (1986).
10:
3852:
2166:Making a Stand for Animals
1942:Fifty Years of Food Reform
1684:Hare Krishna Food for Life
1598:Vegan Awareness Foundation
3821:Cornell University alumni
3663:
3597:
3516:
3248:
2821:Maximilian Bircher-Benner
2738:
2432:
2419:
2373:
2259:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead
2184:
2150:The End of Animal Farming
2134:The Vegan Studies Project
1809:
1793:
1679:French Vegetarian Society
1674:European Vegetarian Union
1664:Boston Vegetarian Society
1646:
1548:
1534:
1315:
1231:
1158:
1151:
1101:
1028:
1010:Vegan organic agriculture
958:
951:
806:Fairfield, Paul (2010). "
761:Bates, Jennifer (2007). "
189:University of New England
181:Armidale, New South Wales
162:
98:
88:
84:
66:
56:
48:
30:
23:
3579:The Sound Lounge, London
3554:Little Pine (restaurant)
3438:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
2936:Narasinh Narayan Godbole
2110:The Bloodless Revolution
1751:Vegetarian Federal Union
1566:Food Empowerment Project
1409:List of meat substitutes
621:Fox, Michael A. (1988).
445:Fox, Michael A. (1986).
271:, Fox went on to author
3836:Environmental ethicists
3701:Plant-based action plan
3448:Satchidananda Saraswati
3293:Tabitha Brown (actress)
2102:Livestock's Long Shadow
2006:Diet for a Small Planet
1910:Shelley's Vegetarianism
1721:Order of the Golden Age
1208:Replaceability argument
1078:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
1063:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
968:Animal-free agriculture
885:New book by Michael Fox
559:Trends in Neurosciences
474:(2): 55–60, 75, 80, 82.
429:"Professor Michael Fox"
352:. New York: Peter Lang.
323:Very Short Introduction
320:Oxford University Press
277:Temple University Press
195:. He was, in 1996, the
157:Oxford University Press
129:Temple University Press
3081:Francis William Newman
2981:Martin Luther Holbrook
2062:Diet for a New America
2014:The Vegetarian Epicure
1902:What is Vegetarianism?
1659:Bible Christian Church
1561:Beauty Without Cruelty
1556:American Vegan Society
1038:Economic vegetarianism
509:. Michael Allen Fox".
234:animal experimentation
197:University of Tasmania
3423:Isa Chandra Moskowitz
3176:Russell Thacher Trall
3141:Johan Lindström Saxon
2836:Lucius Duncan Bulkley
2142:Animal (De)liberation
1926:Why I Am a Vegetarian
1193:Ethics of eating meat
550:Dawkins, Marian Stamp
173:University of Toronto
61:University of Toronto
3811:Australian ethicists
3559:Moosewood Restaurant
3413:Moosewood Collective
3328:Crescent Dragonwagon
3236:Kathleen Keen Zolber
2896:James Elmslie Duncan
2756:Bertrand P. Allinson
1990:Living the Good Life
1878:Fruits and Farinacea
1781:World Vegetarian Day
1731:ProVeg International
1119:Fictional characters
842:. London: Routledge.
816:Philosophy in Review
771:Philosophy in Review
765:The Accessible Hegel
750:The Accessible Hegel
733:Philosophy in Review
387:. London: Routledge.
371:The Accessible Hegel
288:The Accessible Hegel
133:The Accessible Hegel
3676:List of vegan media
3605:Cranks (restaurant)
3408:Joanne Lee Molinaro
3378:Frances Moore Lappé
3166:William O. Stephens
3161:Ernest Lester Smith
3151:Richard H. Schwartz
3136:Henry Stephens Salt
3126:Ulma Doyle Register
3056:Harry Willis Miller
3036:Alice Garrett Marsh
2991:John Harvey Kellogg
2645:James E. McWilliams
2410:The Animals' Agenda
1392:Microbial cellulose
1367:Gelatin substitutes
1330:Chicken fillet roll
1058:Lacto vegetarianism
840:Understanding Peace
808:Michael Allen Fox,
763:Michael Allen Fox,
530:(1986). "Animals".
528:McGuire, Michael T.
468:Between the Species
385:Understanding Peace
329:Select bibliography
246:Between the Species
145:Understanding Peace
3796:Canadian ethicists
3771:American ethicists
3630:New Riverside Cafe
3620:Lentil as Anything
3598:Former restaurants
3534:Crossroads Kitchen
3463:Alicia Silverstone
3398:Hetty Lui McKinnon
3348:Carol Lee Flinders
3206:Severin Wielobycki
2911:Charles W. Forward
2766:Charles R. Attwood
2540:Caldwell Esselstyn
2046:Moosewood Cookbook
1894:The Ethics of Diet
1756:Vegetarian Society
1726:ProVeg Deutschland
858:Peace & Change
728:Deep Vegetarianism
706:Deep Vegetarianism
677:Deep Vegetarianism
503:Watson, Richard A.
435:on 22 August 2011.
364:Deep Vegetarianism
273:Deep Vegetarianism
185:visiting positions
177:Queen's University
169:Cornell University
143:(Humanity, 2009),
125:Deep Vegetarianism
109:Queen's University
93:Queen's University
78:Deep Vegetarianism
3743:
3742:
3544:Greens Restaurant
3428:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
3298:Suzy Amis Cameron
3288:Edward Espe Brown
3283:Martha Brotherton
3244:
3243:
3181:Frederick Towgood
3146:James Scholefield
3086:R. E. O'Callaghan
2916:Michael Allen Fox
2891:Daniel Dombrowski
2796:George Bedborough
2781:Horace A. Barrows
2746:Phyllis B. Acosta
2640:John A. McDougall
2595:Avery Yale Kamila
2545:Gary L. Francione
2500:T. Colin Campbell
2450:Suzanne M. Babich
2347:The Game Changers
2291:Live and Let Live
2275:Forks Over Knives
2235:Peaceable Kingdom
2227:Post Punk Kitchen
2211:A Cow at My Table
2158:Vegetable Kingdom
1886:The Pleasure Boat
1870:Nature's Own Book
1838:Vegetable Cookery
1789:
1788:
1618:The Vegan Society
1431:Nutritional yeast
1311:
1310:
1147:
1146:
1068:Ovo vegetarianism
1015:Vegan school meal
901:Michael Allen Fox
202:Queen's Quarterly
113:Kingston, Ontario
105:Michael Allen Fox
102:
101:
25:Michael Allen Fox
3843:
3831:Animal ethicists
3716:Planetary health
3706:Sustainable diet
3696:Plant-based diet
3635:Nix (restaurant)
3549:Hiltl Restaurant
3498:Umberto Veronesi
3468:Hannah Sunderani
3443:Mathew Pritchard
3403:Tracye McQuirter
3313:Chloe Coscarelli
3251:cookbook authors
3196:Emil Weilshäuser
3066:Reuben D. Mussey
3046:William Metcalfe
2971:Philippe Hecquet
2886:Daniël de Clercq
2786:Geoffrey Barstow
2730:Sophie Zaïkowska
2620:Thomas Lepeltier
2575:A. Breeze Harper
2530:George Dornbusch
2495:Jodey Castricano
2430:
2429:
2396:Vegetarian Times
2339:Eating You Alive
2307:PlantPure Nation
2195:The Animals Film
2038:Laurel's Kitchen
1974:A Fleshless Diet
1736:ProVeg Nederland
1546:
1545:
1491:Vegetarian bacon
1404:Meat alternative
1156:
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956:
955:
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296:Prometheus Books
69:
44:
40:
38:
21:
20:
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3850:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3659:
3650:The Hollow Reed
3640:Penny Cafeteria
3615:InSpiral Lounge
3593:
3512:
3458:Miyoko Schinner
3388:Linda McCartney
3383:Deborah Madison
3353:Alexis Gauthier
3268:Carleigh Bodrug
3250:
3240:
3226:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3211:Howard Williams
3091:Josiah Oldfield
3061:J. Howard Moore
3051:Eli Peck Miller
3011:W. R. C. Latson
3001:Daniel H. Kress
2941:Jeremiah Hacker
2901:Eknath Easwaran
2881:Lenna F. Cooper
2831:Ernest Bonnejoy
2791:Sidney H. Beard
2761:Thomas Allinson
2734:
2720:Corey Lee Wrenn
2715:Kim A. Williams
2485:Will Bulsiewicz
2460:Neal D. Barnard
2425:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2369:
2315:What the Health
2186:Films and shows
2180:
2086:The China Study
1958:The Meat Fetish
1813:
1811:
1805:
1785:
1704:Meatless Monday
1642:
1638:World Vegan Day
1538:
1530:
1501:Vegetarian mark
1317:
1307:
1227:
1143:
1097:
1024:
947:
938:
897:
892:
891:
882:
878:
869:
865:
850:
846:
837:
833:
823:
805:
801:
792:
788:
778:
760:
756:
747:
743:
725:
721:
703:
699:
687:
683:
674:
670:
655:
651:
633:
629:
620:
616:
612:(1): 19–20, 22.
597:
593:
574:
570:
548:
544:
526:
522:
501:
497:
486:Natural History
482:
478:
460:
453:
444:
440:
427:
426:
419:
410:
406:
401:
331:
165:
76:
67:
57:Alma mater
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3849:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:Pollotarianism
3730:
3728:Pescetarianism
3723:Flexitarianism
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:Charity Morgan
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Mary McCartney
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Madhur Jaffrey
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Ellen G. White
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Elmer McCollum
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:Susan M. Levin
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Isaac Jennings
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2966:William Harvey
2963:
2958:
2956:Alexander Haig
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Mahatma Gandhi
2928:
2923:
2921:Peter Foxcroft
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2871:Antonio Cocchi
2868:
2866:Henry S. Clubb
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Eduard Baltzer
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:William Alcott
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Sunaura Taylor
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Vesanto Melina
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Maxwell G. Lee
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Michael Klaper
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Michael Greger
2567:
2565:Lewis Gompertz
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Georges Butaud
2487:
2482:
2477:
2475:Yves Bonnardel
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Martin Balluch
2452:
2447:
2445:Carol J. Adams
2442:
2436:
2434:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2219:Meet Your Meat
2215:
2207:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2118:Eating Animals
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1966:The New Ethics
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1815:
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1806:
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1803:
1797:
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1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1699:Meat-free days
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Vegan Outreach
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1532:
1531:
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1528:
1523:
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1513:
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1453:
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1413:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:Coconut burger
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:Pythagoreanism
1285:
1280:
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1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Animal welfare
1170:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
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1103:
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1080:
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1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
990:
985:
980:
975:
973:Black veganism
970:
964:
962:
953:
949:
948:
937:
936:
929:
922:
914:
908:
907:
896:
895:External links
893:
890:
889:
876:
863:
861:40 (2): 276–8.
844:
831:
799:
786:
754:
741:
719:
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614:
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476:
451:
438:
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402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
346:
330:
327:
304:existentialism
292:G. W. F. Hegel
205:for a decade.
164:
161:
137:Humanity Books
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
70:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
3848:
3837:
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3827:
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3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
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3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Living people
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3717:
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3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:Juice fasting
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
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3626:
3623:
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3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Veggie Galaxy
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
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3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Lauren Toyota
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
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3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Mollie Katzen
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Rip Esselstyn
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Sue Donaldson
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
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3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Alan Stoddard
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:James Simpson
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Rollo Russell
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:James Rachels
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Cyril V. Pink
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
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3076:Scott Nearing
3074:
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3071:Helen Nearing
3069:
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3064:
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3029:
3027:
3026:Andrew Linzey
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:William Lambe
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
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2951:Walter Hadwen
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2876:Edwin Collier
2874:
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2861:George Cheyne
2859:
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2841:J. L. Buttner
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2710:Richard Twine
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2700:David Sztybel
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2560:Valéry Giroux
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2465:David Benatar
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2251:A Sacred Duty
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1934:Figs or Pigs?
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1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:(3rd century)
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Our Hen House
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1526:Veggie burger
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Animal rights
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Organizations
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:Vegetarianism
1027:
1021:
1020:Vegan studies
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
994:
993:Straight edge
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:Fruitarianism
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
945:vegetarianism
942:
935:
930:
928:
923:
921:
916:
915:
912:
906:
902:
899:
898:
886:
880:
873:
867:
860:
859:
854:
848:
841:
835:
827:
821:
818:
817:
812:
811:
803:
796:
790:
782:
776:
773:
772:
767:
766:
758:
751:
745:
738:
735:
734:
729:
723:
716:
713:
712:
707:
701:
694:
691:
685:
678:
672:
665:
661:
660:
653:
646:
643:
642:
641:The Scientist
637:
631:
624:
618:
611:
607:
606:
605:The Scientist
601:
595:
588:
584:
583:
578:
572:
565:
561:
560:
555:
551:
546:
539:
535:
534:
529:
524:
518:(4): 526–528.
517:
514:
513:
508:
504:
499:
492:
488:
487:
480:
473:
470:
469:
464:
458:
456:
448:
442:
434:
430:
424:
422:
414:
408:
404:
393:
389:
386:
382:
379:
375:
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
340:
339:
338:
336:
335:peer reviewed
326:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:in 2013 with
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
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259:
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206:
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182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:(age 84)
33:
29:
22:
19:
3645:Pink Peacock
3625:Minerva Café
3589:Veggie Grill
3574:Souley Vegan
3569:Slutty Vegan
3508:Alan Wakeman
3483:Haile Thomas
3473:Bryant Terry
3363:Richa Hingle
3358:Dick Gregory
3263:Mayim Bialik
3231:Tzachi Zamir
3186:Sidney Trist
3031:Clair Linzey
2915:
2851:Job Caudwell
2826:George Black
2771:William Axon
2725:Laura Wright
2695:Peter Singer
2690:Jérôme Segal
2680:Emelia Quinn
2675:David Pearce
2660:David Nibert
2655:Gemma Newman
2635:Reed Mangels
2625:Howard Lyman
2550:Joel Fuhrman
2525:Alan Desmond
2510:Brenda Davis
2480:Will Bonsall
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2361:
2355:Maa Ka Doodh
2353:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2094:Skinny Bitch
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2054:Fit for Life
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1771:Viva! Health
1766:Veggie Pride
1654:Alcott House
1593:Plamil Foods
1570:
1511:Sausage roll
1387:Konjac jelly
1340:Coconut milk
1246:Christianity
1198:Meat paradox
1183:Deep ecology
988:Raw veganism
952:Perspectives
879:
871:
866:
856:
852:
847:
839:
834:
819:
814:
809:
802:
794:
789:
774:
769:
764:
757:
749:
744:
736:
731:
727:
722:
714:
709:
705:
700:
692:
689:
684:
676:
671:
663:
657:
652:
644:
639:
630:
622:
617:
609:
603:
594:
589:(10): 411–2.
586:
580:
576:
571:
563:
557:
553:
545:
540:(8): 1054–5.
537:
531:
523:
515:
510:
506:
498:
490:
484:
479:
471:
466:
446:
441:
433:the original
407:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
332:
315:
307:
299:
287:
285:
272:
268:
266:
262:Joan Dunayer
255:
250:
244:
242:
237:
222:Peter Singer
213:
208:Fox's first
207:
200:
166:
152:
151:, 2014) and
144:
140:
132:
124:
116:
104:
103:
89:Institutions
77:
72:
68:Notable work
18:
3756:1940 births
3517:Restaurants
3478:Anna Thomas
3453:Derek Sarno
3333:Rose Elliot
3318:Yamuna Devi
3273:Gypsy Boots
3221:W. A. Sibly
3216:Frank Wokes
3096:Dean Ornish
2996:Norman Kerr
2976:Brian Hines
2961:Edward Hare
2946:John Haddon
2926:Greta Gaard
2856:James Clark
2846:Paul Carton
2811:Ragnar Berg
2806:Robert Bell
2801:Ernest Bell
2665:Jack Norris
2610:Renan Larue
2585:Melanie Joy
2580:Oscar Horta
2555:Kristi Funk
2535:Mylan Engel
2520:Jan Deckers
2515:Garth Davis
2505:Robert Cook
2470:Steven Best
2422:activists,
2420:Academics,
2230:(2003–2005)
1998:Ten Talents
1709:Friday Fast
1436:Plant cream
1377:Carrageenan
1325:Agave syrup
1213:Sentientism
1203:Nonviolence
1139:Vegan media
1134:Restaurants
1109:Vegetarians
1083:Ecofeminism
739:(2): 103–5.
717:(3): 632–4.
695:(4): 361–3.
666:(4): 463–7.
413:Michael Fox
283:movements.
49:Nationality
3750:Categories
3711:Low-carbon
3691:Vegaphobia
3529:Cinnaholic
3503:Nisha Vora
3433:Gaz Oakley
3343:Toni Fiore
3308:Pinky Cole
3303:Hannah Che
3258:Nava Atlas
3116:Rod Preece
3101:Felix Ortt
2906:T. Forster
2816:Rynn Berry
2739:Vegetarian
2630:Al-Ma'arri
2426:physicians
2382:Naked Food
2299:Cowspiracy
2243:Earthlings
2174:Meat Atlas
1694:Jewish Veg
1647:Vegetarian
1623:Veganmania
1603:Vegan flag
1486:Vegetables
1461:Soy yogurt
1441:Plant milk
1223:Tirukkuṟaḷ
1218:Speciesism
1093:By country
1053:Orthopathy
905:PhilPapers
493:(7): 66–9.
399:References
230:speciesism
41:7 May 1940
37:1940-05-07
3249:Chefs and
3016:Elmer Lee
2685:Tom Regan
2590:Joel Kahn
2424:authors,
2374:Magazines
2283:Vegucated
1794:Companies
1628:Veganuary
1426:Mock duck
1318:and drink
1293:Rastafari
1233:Religious
1124:Festivals
1088:Nutrition
1005:Nutrition
552:(1987). "
505:(1986). "
312:Routledge
226:1975 book
210:monograph
159:, 2016).
149:Routledge
139:, 2005),
131:, 1999),
3493:Jeeca Uy
3191:Valluvar
2331:Dominion
2177:(annual)
1814:journals
1812:reports,
1741:Swissveg
1572:Go Vegan
1476:Tofurkey
1256:Hinduism
1241:Buddhism
998:Hardline
960:Veganism
941:Veganism
566:(2): 97.
325:series.
281:feminist
191:and the
3664:Related
3564:Purezza
2403:VegNews
2323:Carnage
2267:Planeat
1506:Sausage
1496:Hot dog
1382:Gulaman
1360:legumes
1355:cereals
1298:Sikhism
1283:Judaism
1278:Jainism
1261:Sattvic
1178:Carnism
1160:Secular
1073:Cuisine
1048:History
983:History
306:, and
187:at the
2605:Aph Ko
2366:(2024)
2358:(2023)
2350:(2018)
2342:(2018)
2334:(2018)
2326:(2017)
2318:(2017)
2310:(2015)
2302:(2014)
2294:(2013)
2286:(2011)
2278:(2011)
2270:(2010)
2262:(2010)
2254:(2007)
2246:(2005)
2238:(2004)
2222:(2002)
2214:(1998)
2206:(1991)
2198:(1981)
2169:(2022)
2161:(2020)
2153:(2018)
2145:(2016)
2137:(2015)
2129:(2009)
2121:(2009)
2113:(2006)
2105:(2006)
2097:(2005)
2089:(2005)
2081:(1997)
2073:(1990)
2065:(1987)
2057:(1985)
2049:(1977)
2041:(1976)
2033:(1975)
2025:(1973)
2017:(1972)
2009:(1971)
2001:(1968)
1993:(1954)
1985:(1927)
1977:(1910)
1969:(1907)
1961:(1904)
1953:(1903)
1945:(1898)
1937:(1896)
1929:(1895)
1921:(1892)
1913:(1891)
1905:(1886)
1897:(1883)
1889:(1845)
1881:(1845)
1873:(1835)
1865:(1824)
1857:(1814)
1849:(1813)
1841:(1812)
1833:(1802)
1810:Books,
1633:Veganz
1541:events
1536:Groups
1481:Cheese
1466:Tempeh
1456:Seitan
1446:Quinoa
1399:Jambon
1350:Grains
1345:Fruits
1303:Taoism
1266:Ahimsa
1152:Ethics
1114:Vegans
711:Ethics
163:Career
80:(1999)
75:(1986)
3278:BOSH!
2433:Vegan
2389:Satya
1549:Vegan
1451:Quorn
1421:Mochi
1273:Islam
1102:Lists
822:(1).
777:(1).
275:with
236:. In
1539:and
1521:Wine
1516:Beer
1471:Tofu
1416:Miso
1372:Agar
1316:Food
943:and
647:(3).
533:JAMA
212:was
31:Born
903:at
813:".
768:".
730:".
715:111
708:".
638:".
602:".
579:".
556:".
538:256
465:".
111:in
3752::
820:30
775:27
737:20
693:19
664:13
662:.
608:.
587:11
585:.
564:10
562:.
536:.
516:61
491:95
489:.
454:^
420:^
39:)
1252:)
1248:(
933:e
926:t
919:v
883:"
645:1
610:1
472:3
411:"
155:(
147:(
135:(
127:(
119:(
35:(
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