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particular, although these are different from the ones seen on Earth because of the different orbits of Mars and Earth relative to the orbits of comets. The
Martian atmosphere has less than one percent of the density of Earth's at ground level, at their upper edges, where meteoroids strike; the two are more similar. Because of the similar air pressure at altitudes for meteors, the effects are much the same. Only the relatively slower motion of the meteoroids due to increased distance from the sun should marginally decrease meteor brightness. This is somewhat balanced because the slower descent means that Martian meteors have more time to ablate.
335:
193:
350:, similar to parallel railroad tracks converging at a single vanishing point on the horizon. Meteor showers are normally named after the constellation from which the meteors appear to originate. This "fixed point" slowly moves across the sky during the night due to the Earth turning on its axis, the same reason the stars appear to slowly march across the sky. The radiant also moves slightly from night to night against the background stars (radiant drift) due to the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun. See
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506: – the material drifts only a little laterally away from the comet while drifting ahead or behind the comet because some particles make a wider orbit than others. These dust trails are sometimes observed in comet images taken at mid infrared wavelengths (heat radiation), where dust particles from the previous return to the Sun are spread along the orbit of the comet (see figures).
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459:, some of its ice vaporizes, and a certain number of meteoroids will be shed. The meteoroids spread out along the entire trajectory of the comet to form a meteoroid stream, also known as a "dust trail" (as opposed to a comet's "gas tail" caused by the tiny particles that are quickly blown away by solar radiation pressure).
296:. It showed relative positions of the Earth and Tempel-Tuttle and marks where Earth encountered dense dust. This showed that the meteoroids are mostly behind and outside the path of the comet, but paths of the Earth through the cloud of particles resulting in powerful storms were very near paths of nearly no activity.
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the beginning and end of the gap). Also, Jupiter's perturbation can dramatically change sections of the dust trail, especially for a short period comets, when the grains approach the giant planet at their furthest point along the orbit around the Sun, moving most slowly. As a result, the trail has a
364:
When the moving radiant is at the highest point, it will reach the observer's sky that night. The Sun will be just clearing the eastern horizon. For this reason, the best viewing time for a meteor shower is generally slightly before dawn — a compromise between the maximum number of meteors available
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Many planets and moons have impact craters dating back large spans of time. But new craters, perhaps even related to meteor showers are possible. Mars, and thus its moons, is known to have meteor showers. These have not been observed on other planets as yet but may be presumed to exist. For Mars in
528:
A second effect is a close encounter with a planet. When the meteoroids pass by Earth, some are accelerated (making wider orbits around the Sun), others are decelerated (making shorter orbits), resulting in gaps in the dust trail in the next return (like opening a curtain, with grains piling up at
509:
The gravitational pull of the planets determines where the dust trail would pass by Earth orbit, much like a gardener directing a hose to water a distant plant. Most years, those trails would miss the Earth altogether, but in some years, the Earth is showered by meteors. This effect was first
603:
when it was first realised that, during the
November 1833 storm, the meteors radiated from near the star Gamma Leonis. The last Leonid storms were in 1999, 2001 (two), and 2002 (two). Before that, there were storms in 1767, 1799, 1833, 1866, 1867, and 1966. When the Leonid shower is not
571:, they lose their stream association and become part of the "sporadic meteors" background. Long since dispersed from any stream or trail, they form isolated meteors, not a part of any shower. These random meteors will not appear to come from the radiant of the leading shower.
560:) will tend to be affected less by radiation pressure. This makes some dust trail encounters rich in bright meteors, others rich in faint meteors. Over time, these effects disperse the meteoroids and create a broader stream. The meteors we see from these streams are part of
316:, and Finland's Esko Lyytinen were the first to apply this method in the West. In 2006 Jenniskens published predictions for future dust trail encounters covering the next 50 years. Jérémie Vaubaillon continues to update predictions based on observations each year for the
317:
208:
of
November 1833. One estimate is a peak rate of over one hundred thousand meteors an hour, but another, done as the storm abated, estimated more than two hundred thousand meteors during the 9 hours of the storm, over the entire region of
490:, respectively, about 500 and 1000 years ago. The fragments tend to fall apart quickly into dust, sand, and pebbles and spread out along the comet's orbit to form a dense meteoroid stream, which subsequently evolves into Earth's path.
274:
before the anticipated Leonid shower return of 1898 and 1899. Meteor storms were expected, but the final calculations showed that most of the dust would be far inside Earth's orbit. The same results were independently arrived at by
466:
has argued that most of our short-period meteor showers are not from the normal water vapor drag of active comets, but the product of infrequent disintegrations, when large chunks break off a mostly dormant comet. Examples are the
283:(Royal Astronomical Computation Institute) in Berlin, Germany. Although the absence of meteor storms that season confirmed the calculations, the advance of much better computing tools was needed to arrive at reliable predictions.
184:. The Meteor Data Centre lists over 900 suspected meteor showers of which about 100 are well established. Several organizations point to viewing opportunities on the Internet. NASA maintains a daily map of active meteor showers.
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body with a reasonably transparent atmosphere can also have meteor showers. As the Moon is in the neighborhood of Earth it can experience the same showers, but will have its own phenomena due to its lack of an atmosphere
171:
at extremely high speeds on parallel trajectories. Most meteors are smaller than a grain of sand, so almost all of them disintegrate and never hit the Earth's surface. Very intense or unusual meteor showers are known as
451:
more common than those the size of sand grains, which, in turn, are similarly more common than those the size of pebbles, and so on. When the ice warms and sublimates, the vapor can drag along dust, sand, and pebbles.
235:. He speculated the meteors had originated from a cloud of particles in space. Work continued, yet coming to understand the annual nature of showers though the occurrences of storms perplexed researchers.
299:
In 1985, E. D. Kondrat'eva and E. A. Reznikov of Kazan State
University first correctly identified the years when dust was released which was responsible for several past Leonid meteor storms. In 1995,
373:
Meteor showers are named after the nearest constellation, or bright star with a Greek or Roman letter assigned that is close to the radiant position at the peak of the shower, whereby the grammatical
5835:
2342:
Jenniskens, P.; Lyytinen, E.; De Lignie, M.C.; Johannink, C.; Jobse, K.; Schievink, R.; Langbroek, M.; Koop, M.; Gural, P.; Wilson, M.A.; Yrjölä, I.; Suzuki, K.; Ogawa, H.; De Groote, P. (2002).
389:. The International Astronomical Union's Task Group on Meteor Shower Nomenclature and the IAU's Meteor Data Center keep track of meteor shower nomenclature and which showers are established.
342:
Because meteor shower particles are all traveling in parallel paths and at the same velocity, they will appear to an observer below to radiate away from a single point in the sky. This
599:
meteor shower peaks around 17 November of each year. The Leonid shower produces a meteor storm, peaking at rates of thousands of meteors per hour. Leonid storms gave birth to the term
1781:
Jenniskens P., Betlem, H., De Lignie, M., Langbroek, M. (1997). The detection of a dust trail in the orbit of an Earth-threatening long-period comet. Astrohys. J. 479, 441–447.
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502:, when he calculated how meteoroids, once freed from the comet, would drift mostly in front of or behind the comet after completing one orbit. The effect is simple
290:
reviewed the history of meteor showers for the
Leonids and the history of the dynamic orbit of Comet Tempel-Tuttle. A graph from it was adapted and re-published in
517:
Over more extended periods, the dust trails can evolve in complicated ways. For example, the orbits of some repeating comets, and meteoroids leaving them, are in
221:(1791–1859) explained the event most accurately. After spending the last weeks of 1833 collecting information, he presented his findings in January 1834 to the
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or one of the other large planets – so many revolutions of one will equal another number of the other. This creates a shower component called a filament.
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1151:. A strong display from this shower was expected on December 20, 2007. Other showers speculated about are a "Lambda Geminid" shower associated with the
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Shortly after
Whipple predicted that dust particles traveled at low speeds relative to the comet, Milos Plavec was the first to offer the idea of a
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The actual nature of meteors was still debated during the 19th century. Meteors were conceived as an atmospheric phenomenon by many scientists (
3413:
1182:.) Meteors or meteor showers have been discussed for most of the objects in the Solar System with an atmosphere: Mercury, Venus, Saturn's moon
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2282:
Jenniskens, P.; Lyytinen, E. (2005). "Meteor
Showers from the Debris of Broken Comets: D/1819 W1 (Blanpain), 2003 WY25, and the Phoenicids".
270:(1850–1917) were the first to attempt to calculate the position of the dust at Earth's orbit. They studied the dust ejected in 1866 by comet
280:
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1973:"Origin of the Marsden and Kracht Groups of Sunskirting Comets. I. Association with Comet 96P/Machholz and Its Interplanetary Complex"
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2698:
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Rosemary M. Killen; Joseph M. Hahn (December 10, 2014). "Impact
Vaporization as a Possible Source of Mercury's Calcium Exosphere".
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Jenniskens P., 1997. Meteor steram activity IV. Meteor outbursts and the reflex motion of the Sun. Astron. Astrophys. 317, 953–961.
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recorded a streak which is now believed to have been caused by a meteor from a
Martian meteor shower associated with comet
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which will push less massive particles into orbits further from the Sun – while more massive objects (responsible for
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447:, alone or in combination. The "rock" may vary in size from a dust mote to a small boulder. Dust mote sized solids are
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in 1951, and by breakup. Whipple envisioned comets as "dirty snowballs," made up of rock embedded in ice, orbiting the
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227:, published in January–April 1834, and January 1836. He noted the shower was of short duration and was not seen in
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A meteor shower results from an interaction between a planet, such as Earth, and streams of debris from a
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Porubčan, V.; Kornoš, L.; Williams, I.P. (2006). "The Taurid complex meteor showers and asteroids".
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Christou, Apostolos A. (2007). "The P/Halley Stream: Meteor
Showers on Earth, Venus and Mars".
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The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu And Their Race to Save the World's Most Precious Manuscripts
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2603:"Meteor showers on Titan: an example of why Twitter is awesome for scientists and the public"
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1127:. NASA now maintains an ongoing database of observed impacts on the moon maintained by the
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Official names are given in the International Astronomical Union's list of meteor showers.
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Meteor Shower Calendar shows the peak dates, Radiant Point, ZHR, and Origins of the meteors
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309:
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2243:"The Detection of a Dust Trail in the Orbit of an Earth-threatening Long-Period Comet"
2089:
1591:"The Detection of a Dust Trail in the Orbit of an Earth-threatening Long-Period Comet"
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1992:
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Yeomans, Donald K. (September 1981). "Comet Tempel-Tuttle and the Leonid meteors".
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to calculate how many meteors per hour are visible from one's observing location.
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588:, which peak on 12 August of each year at over one meteor per minute. NASA has a
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218:
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1308:"The Quadrantids and Other Meteor Showers That Will Light Up Night Skies in 2018
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was studied for its meteoric entry and an observation campaign was attempted:
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2635:"Huygens entry emission: Observation campaign, results, and lessons learned"
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4033:
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3012:
2905:
2873:
2367:
1888:
1183:
1115:
1104:
834:
808:
792:
776:
564:, because Earth encounters those streams every year at much the same rate.
424:
16:
Celestial event caused by streams of meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere
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1419:
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which formed a brief trail as well, and successive events since then (see
1099:
514:, and from earlier not widely known identifications of past Earth storms.
381:
is replaced by "id" or "ids." Hence, meteors radiating from near the star
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6348:
5821:
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3180:
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2139:
2112:
1869:
988:
690:
468:
401:
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2344:"Dust Trails of 8P/Tuttle and the Unusual Outbursts of the Ursid Shower"
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shows the direction of active showers each night on a celestial sphere.
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2014:"Minor Planet 2002 EX12 (=169P/NEAT) and the Alpha Capricornid Shower"
1884:
Meteor shower traced to 1490 comet break-up: Quadrantid mystery solved
1684:
Voyage through a comet's trail, The 1998 Leonids sparkled over Canada
180:, which produce at least 1,000 meteors an hour, most notably from the
121:
This article is about the falling of meteors. For the TV program, see
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2193:"3D/Biela and the Andromedids: Fragmenting versus Sublimating Comets"
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for viewing and the brightening sky, which makes them harder to see.
308:
outburst from dust trails. In anticipation of the 1999 Leonid storm,
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423:. Comets can produce debris by water vapor drag, as demonstrated by
24:
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4951:
4926:
4632:
4569:
4442:
4095:
3927:
3689:
3678:
3667:
3656:
3645:
3530:
3303:
3268:
3253:
3248:
3218:
3037:
3032:
3027:
2968:
2854:
2841:
2303:
2267:
2242:
2219:
2184:
1997:
1972:
1839:
1810:
1758:
1733:
1615:
1590:
1052:
998:
957:
932:
898:
866:
801:
767:
700:
585:
472:
408:
351:
2240:
2168:
2104:
1927:
1902:
Marco Micheli; Fabrizio Bernardi; David J. Tholen (May 16, 2008).
1588:
611:
See the Infographics on Meteor Shower Calendar-2021 on the right.
4901:
4139:
3725:
3629:
3618:
3608:
3588:
3288:
3283:
3263:
3113:
3108:
3097:
2988:
2748:
2241:
Jenniskens, P.; Betlem, H.; De Lignie, M.; Langbroek, M. (1997).
1589:
Jenniskens, P.; Betlem, H.; De Lignie, M.; Langbroek, M. (1997).
1174:
Isolated massive impacts have been observed at Jupiter: The 1994
1019:
596:
522:
440:
436:
254:
ascertained the relation between meteors and comets in his work
205:
181:
2518:
1465:"Facts respecting the Meteoric Phenomena of November 13th, 1834"
5963:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
4206:
3932:
3836:
3313:
3203:
3120:
2999:
1970:
1068:
718:
553:
475:, which originated from a breakup of asteroid-looking objects,
228:
156:
1734:"A Comet Model. II. Physical Relations for Comets and Meteors"
1686:
By BBC Science's Dr Chris Riley on board NASA's Leonid mission
713:. Comet C/1385 U1 has also been studied as a possible source.
163:. These meteors are caused by streams of cosmic debris called
4409:
2322:"IAUC 3881: 1983 TB AND THE GEMINID METEORS; 1983 SA; KR Aur"
1904:"Updated analysis of the dynamical relation between asteroid
1191:
456:
432:
420:
159:
are observed to radiate, or originate, from one point in the
2742:
2699:
IR Flashes induced by meteoroid impacts onto Pluto's surface
2156:
Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso
1323:
5979:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
3710:
2425:
2063:"Minor Planet 2008 ED69 and the Kappa Cygnid Meteor Shower"
493:
257:
256:"Notes upon the astronomical theory of the falling stars" (
7081:
2685:, W. Dean Pesnell, J.M. Grebowsky, and Andrew L. Weisman,
1915:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
318:
Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides
204:. In the modern era, the first great meteor storm was the
4378:
1240:– point in the sky from which meteors appear to originate
567:
When the meteoroids collide with other meteoroids in the
428:
2737:
2153:
1704:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 790 pp.
1587:
Article published in 1997, notes prediction in 1995 -
1511:, by Richard Taibi, May 19, 2013, accessed 21 May 2013
7058:
1696:
1694:
1692:
584:
In most years, the most visible meteor shower is the
2190:
2110:
2060:
2011:
1649:
Blast from the Past Armagh Observatory press release
1434:"Observations on the Meteors of November 13th, 1833"
231:, and that the meteors radiated from a point in the
1971:Sekanina, Zdeněk; Chodas, Paul W. (December 2005).
1410:
The 1833 Leonid Meteor Shower: A Frightening Flurry
200:A meteor shower in August 1583 was recorded in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2281:
1689:
1387:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 26–27.
1359:
1094:
7130:
2316:
2631:, vol 43, issue 5, October 2002, pp. 14–17 and
2111:Jenniskens, Peter; Vaubaillon, Jérémie (2007).
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1163:), a "Beta Canis Major" shower associated with
2113:"An Unusual Meteor Shower on 1 September 2007"
1569:Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle and the Leonid Meteors
698:The same as the parent object of minor planet
392:
4394:
3898:
3407:
2764:
2118:Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union
633:
2147:
1257:
404:'s meteoroid trail is the diagonal red glow.
2324:. International Astronomical Union Circular
510:demonstrated from observations of the 1995
455:Each time a comet swings by the Sun in its
4849:
4401:
4387:
3905:
3891:
3414:
3400:
2771:
2757:
1808:
1270:
1138:On March 7, 2004, the panoramic camera on
281:Königliches Astronomisches Rechen Institut
187:
155:is a celestial event in which a number of
2658:
2266:
2167:
2138:
2037:
1996:
1944:
1926:
1838:
1757:
1614:
1296:Meteor Data Center list of Meteor Showers
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
6064:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
6039:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
5974:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3421:
2562:
2495:"Meteor Showers and their Parent Bodies"
2310:
1470:The American Journal of Science and Arts
1438:The American Journal of Science and Arts
1098:
613:
574:
494:Dynamical evolution of meteoroid streams
407:
396:
333:
191:
135:
7144:Astronomical events of the Solar System
6074:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
2727:Six Not-So-Famous Summer Meteor Showers
2191:Jenniskens, P.; Vaubaillon, J. (2007).
2061:Jenniskens, P.; Vaubaillon, J. (2008).
2012:Jenniskens, P.; Vaubaillon, J. (2010).
1977:Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
1731:
1668:Royal Astronomical Society Press Notice
1520:
1462:
1431:
1373:, issue 2617,15 August 2007, page 39–41
1335:Holbrook, Jarita C.; Medupe, R. Thebe;
622:
608:, it is less active than the Perseids.
579:
361:) for maps of drifting "fixed points."
7131:
2632:
2597:
2383:"A possible meteor shower on the Moon"
2380:
1966:
1964:
1876:
1815:is the Quadrantid shower parent comet"
1702:Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets
1382:
1273:Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets
6014:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
4848:
4382:
4308:Planetary Defense Coordination Office
4303:Space Situational Awareness Programme
3912:
3886:
3395:
2752:
2738:The International Meteor Organisation
2701:, by I.B. Kosarev, I. V. Nemtchinov,
1856:"Dead comet spawned New Year meteors"
1481:
412:Meteoroid trail between fragments of
4654:List of comets visited by spacecraft
1853:
1847:
1509:F.W. Russell, Meteor Watch Organizer
640:
224:American Journal of Science and Arts
125:. For the play by Steve Martin, see
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
6099:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
3774:Predicted asteroid impacts on Earth
1961:
1911:and comets C/1490 Y1 and C/1385 U1"
266:(1826–1911) and British astronomer
13:
3779:Asteroid close approaches to Earth
3171:
2778:
1422:Brief history of the Leonid shower
1413:
286:In 1981, Donald K. Yeomans of the
14:
7165:
6239:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
6019:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
3339:International Meteor Organization
2711:
1216:International Meteor Organization
385:(declension "-i") are called the
359:International Meteor Organization
346:point is caused by the effect of
7116:
7104:
7092:
7080:
7068:
7043:
7042:
6089:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
4467:
4461:
3811:Asteroids crossing Earth's orbit
3521:2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
2433:from the original on 2023-03-15.
1946:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00510.x
1796:International Astronomical Union
1123:, such as vastly increasing its
644:
323:
23:
6183:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
6069:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
6059:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
6034:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
6009:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
6004:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
5999:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
5994:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
5989:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
5984:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
5953:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
5948:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
5943:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
5938:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
5933:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
4596:Observational history of comets
3094:Sextantids (Daytime Sextantids)
2692:
2689:, issue 169, (2004) pp. 482–491
2669:
2639:Journal of Geophysical Research
2591:
2555:
2512:
2487:
2462:
2437:
2413:
2374:
2335:
2275:
2234:
2054:
2005:
1895:
1802:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1725:
1707:
1677:
1661:
1642:
1623:
1581:
1562:
1551:
1514:
1502:
1456:
1425:
1095:Extraterrestrial meteor showers
545:, of each release of material.
262:In the 1890s, Irish astronomer
250:) until the Italian astronomer
34:needs additional citations for
6218:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
6208:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
5615:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
2911:Cassiopeids (beta Cassiopeids)
2625:An Artificial meteor on Titan?
1401:
1376:
1328:
1317:
1300:
1289:
1275:. Cambridge University Press.
1131:whether from a shower or not.
147:and planets marked and labeled
1:
6203:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
4685:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
3559:2012 United Kingdom meteoroid
3349:North American Meteor Network
3091:Serpentids (kappa Serpentids)
1809:Jenniskens, P. (March 2004).
1630:Re: (meteorobs) Leonid Storm?
1251:
1232:North American Meteor Network
129:. For the Owl City song, see
6244:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
6166:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
5766:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
5675:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
5167:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
4278:Japan Spaceguard Association
4021:Earth-crossing minor planets
3978:Potentially hazardous object
3872:Potentially hazardous object
2541:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.035
2470:"Can Meteors Exist at Mars?"
2387:Geophysical Research Letters
2039:10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1822
1792:"List of all meteor showers"
1545:10.1016/0019-1035(81)90198-6
1129:Marshall Space Flight Center
548:The third effect is that of
7:
5735:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
5107:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
5087:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
4618:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
4368:Fiction about impact events
2733:The American Meteor Society
2090:10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/725
1197:
393:Origin of meteoroid streams
355:Meteor Shower Calendar 2017
268:Arthur Matthew Weld Downing
10:
7170:
6124:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
6104:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
6044:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
6029:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
4649:List of missions to comets
4408:
3827:Asteroid impact prediction
3526:2007 Carancas impact event
3048:September epsilon Perseids
2676:Watching meteors on Triton
1670:Ref. PN 99/27, Issued by:
1342:African Cultural Astronomy
634:Established meteor showers
626:
327:
120:
7038:
6512:
6409:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
6354:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
6226:
6054:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
5969:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
5928:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
5920:
5907:
5894:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
5834:
5774:
5753:
5637:
5628:
5518:
5315:
5262:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
5217:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
4877:
4866:
4862:
4844:
4812:
4794:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
4662:
4641:
4583:
4476:
4459:
4420:
4416:
4350:
4316:
4298:The Spaceguard Foundation
4265:
4171:
4044:
4016:Asteroid close approaches
3994:Asteroid impact avoidance
3986:
3920:
3832:Asteroid impact avoidance
3819:
3766:
3723:
3708:
3548:2009 Sulawesi superbolide
3513:
3436:
3429:
3371:
3322:
3166:
2965:Eridanids (eta Eridanids)
2957:Doradids (gamma Doradids)
2786:
2633:Lorenz, Ralph D. (2006).
2577:10.1007/s11038-007-9201-3
1463:Olmsted, Denison (1836).
1432:Olmsted, Denison (1833).
1324:NASA Meteor Shower Portal
681:
678:
368:
288:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
123:Meteor Shower (TV series)
6114:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
6049:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
6024:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
5247:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
5037:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
5027:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
4700:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
4363:Fiction about meteoroids
4242:Sentinel Space Telescope
3734:Impact events on Jupiter
2824:Southern Delta Aquariids
2565:Earth, Moon, and Planets
2445:"Meteor showers at Mars"
2200:The Astronomical Journal
826:Southern Delta Aquariids
6589:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
6444:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
5645:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
4937:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
4785:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
4628:Small Solar System body
3999:Asteroid laser ablation
3505:Earth-grazing meteoroid
3499:Great Daylight Fireball
3469:Great Meteor Procession
3329:American Meteor Society
3024:Normids (gamma Normids)
2705:, vol. 36, MS 050, 2002
1732:Whipple, F. L. (1951).
1558:https://web.archive.org
1383:Hammer, Joshua (2016).
1271:Jenniskens, P. (2006).
1205:American Meteor Society
1167:, and "Draconids" from
1159:, both associated with
330:Radiant (meteor shower)
264:George Johnstone Stoney
188:Historical developments
6424:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
6419:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
6264:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
6161:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
6141:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
5740:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
5700:107P/Wilson–Harrington
5695:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
5665:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
5541:4015 Wilson–Harrington
5385:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
5350:107P/Wilson–Harrington
5340:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
5152:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
3938:Earth-grazing fireball
3842:Earth-grazing fireball
3740:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
3381:List of meteor showers
3334:Earth-grazing fireball
3176:
2996:(Dec. Leonis Minorids)
2899:Daytime Capri.-Sagitt.
2627:, by Ralph D. Lorenz,
2381:Hunten, D. M. (1991).
2368:10.1006/icar.2002.6855
1854:Ball, Phillip (2003).
1700:Jenniskens P. (2006).
1222:List of meteor showers
1211:Earth-grazing fireball
1180:List of Jupiter events
1176:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
1140:Mars Exploration Rover
1111:
629:List of meteor showers
619:
416:
405:
339:
338:Meteor shower on chart
240:Alexander von Humboldt
197:
148:
6942:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
6504:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
6454:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
6434:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
6399:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
6379:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
6324:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
6314:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
6294:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
6259:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
6254:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
6249:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
6084:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
5730:206P/Barnard–Boattini
5252:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
5162:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
5057:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
4804:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
4765:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
4695:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
4670:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3717:Impact events on Mars
3599:2015 Kerala meteoroid
3594:2014 Ontario fireball
3576:Chelyabinsk meteorite
3543:Buzzard Coulee meteor
3175:
3086:South omega Scorpiids
3083:North omega Scorpiids
2846:Daytime eps. Arietids
2814:North delta Aquariids
2247:Astrophysical Journal
1714:IMCCE Prediction page
1595:Astrophysical Journal
1578:(1996, see p. 6)
1488:Observing the Leonids
1367:"Stars of the Sahara"
1306:St. Fleur, Nicholas,
1102:
845:comet groups complex
787:comet groups complex
627:Further information:
617:
575:Famous meteor showers
411:
400:
337:
252:Giovanni Schiaparelli
195:
139:
6922:Skjellerup–Maristany
6459:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
6369:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
6359:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
6334:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
6319:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
6274:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
6188:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
5858:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
5846:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
5685:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
5242:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
5142:52P/Harrington–Abell
5117:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
5012:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
4987:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
4283:Meteoritical Society
3604:2015 Thailand bolide
3554:Sutter's Mill meteor
3423:Modern impact events
3364:Zenithal Hourly Rate
2849:Daytime May Arietids
2820:South iota Aquariids
2817:North iota Aquariids
2743:Meteor Shower Portal
2660:10.1029/2005JE002603
2284:Astronomical Journal
2140:10.1029/2007EO320001
2070:Astronomical Journal
2018:Astronomical Journal
1870:10.1038/news031229-5
1819:Astronomical Journal
1672:Dr Jacqueline Mitton
926:21P/Giacobini-Zinner
745:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
658:adding missing items
623:Other meteor showers
580:Perseids and Leonids
233:constellation of Leo
202:Timbuktu manuscripts
143:meteor shower, with
127:Meteor Shower (play)
43:improve this article
6991:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
6494:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
6484:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
6464:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
6449:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
6439:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
6429:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
6414:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
6384:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
6364:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
6339:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
6284:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
6178:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
6151:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
6136:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
6109:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
5620:(300163) 2006 VW139
5490:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
5395:156P/Russell–LINEAR
5277:79P/du Toit–Hartley
5187:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
5172:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
5097:43P/Wolf–Harrington
4997:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
4799:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
4775:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
4770:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
4750:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
4720:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
4705:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
4187:Catalina Sky Survey
3584:Braunschweig meteor
3487:Sikhote-Alin meteor
2836:South June Aquilids
2729:Joe Rao (SPACE.com)
2651:2006JGRE..111.7S11L
2533:2015Icar..250..230K
2399:1991GeoRL..18.2101H
2360:2002Icar..159..197J
2296:2005AJ....130.1286J
2259:1997ApJ...479..441J
2212:2007AJ....134.1037J
2178:2006CoSka..36..103P
2131:2007EOSTr..88..317J
2082:2008AJ....136..725J
2030:2010AJ....139.1822J
1989:2005ApJS..161..551S
1937:2008MNRAS.390L...6M
1831:2004AJ....127.3018J
1750:1951ApJ...113..464W
1607:1997ApJ...479..441J
1537:1981Icar...47..492Y
504:celestial mechanics
449:orders of magnitude
431:. The "ice" may be
304:predicted the 1995
6927:Skorichenko–George
6522:Aarseth-Brewington
6474:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
6394:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
6374:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
6344:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
6304:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
6289:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
6279:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
6213:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
6198:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
6079:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
5782:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
5690:80P/Peters–Hartley
5405:162P/Siding Spring
5282:80P/Peters–Hartley
5147:53P/Van Biesbroeck
5072:38P/Stephan–Oterma
4780:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
4755:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
4745:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
4735:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
4715:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
4675:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
4351:Related categories
3571:Chelyabinsk meteor
3244:July 31 – August 1
3177:
3018:alpha Monocerotids
2971:(epsilon Geminids)
2928:omicron Centaurids
2895:alpha Capricornids
2867:Nov. iota Aurigids
2681:2014-03-27 at the
1892:, January 8, 2008.
1719:2012-10-08 at the
1654:2006-12-06 at the
1635:2007-03-07 at the
1574:2007-06-30 at the
1493:2013-03-04 at the
1312:The New York Times
1244:Zenith hourly rate
1149:114P/Wiseman-Skiff
1112:
1006:Alpha Monocerotids
851:Alpha Capricornids
656:; you can help by
620:
550:radiation pressure
512:alpha Monocerotids
417:
406:
340:
310:Robert H. McNaught
306:Alpha Monocerotids
198:
169:Earth's atmosphere
149:
131:Ocean Eyes (album)
7149:Atmospheric entry
7056:
7055:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
6641:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
6479:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
6349:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
6156:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
6146:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
6119:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
6094:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
5903:
5902:
5830:
5829:
5792:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
5670:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
5547:7968 Elst–Pizarro
5465:273P/Pons–Gambart
5410:168P/Hergenrother
5400:161P/Hartley–IRAS
5360:109P/Swift–Tuttle
5202:64P/Swift–Gehrels
5157:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
4972:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
4840:
4839:
4827:Comets in fiction
4730:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
4725:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
4680:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
4606:Comet discoverers
4376:
4375:
4317:Potential threats
4009:Ion-beam shepherd
3973:Near-Earth object
3953:Meteor procession
3914:Planetary defense
3880:
3879:
3867:Near-Earth object
3847:Meteor procession
3794:Meteor air bursts
3704:
3703:
3641:Winchcombe meteor
3635:2020 China bolide
3614:2017 China bolide
3389:
3388:
3344:Meteor procession
3059:Piscis Austrinids
3056:(July Phoenicids)
2798:Antihelion Source
2722:Sky and Telescope
2599:Lakdawalla, Emily
2407:10.1029/91GL02543
2393:(11): 2101–2104.
1798:. 15 August 2015.
1674:RAS Press Officer
1394:978-1-4767-7743-6
1365:Abraham, Curtis.
1352:978-1-4020-6638-2
1314:, January 2, 2018
1282:978-0-521-85349-1
1227:Meteor procession
1186:, Neptune's moon
1092:
1091:
1029:55P/Tempel-Tuttle
909:C/1911 N1 (Kiess)
876:109P/Swift-Tuttle
674:
673:
293:Sky and Telescope
272:55P/Tempel-Tuttle
196:Diagram from 1872
119:
118:
111:
93:
7161:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7085:
7084:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7064:
7046:
7045:
7004:
6982:
6974:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
6801:McNaught–Russell
6489:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
6404:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
6389:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
6329:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
6309:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
6299:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
6269:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
6234:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
6193:C/1975 V1 (West)
6174:
6132:
5918:
5917:
5635:
5634:
5390:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
5127:49P/Arend–Rigaux
4917:7P/Pons–Winnecke
4875:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4846:
4845:
4822:Antimatter comet
4710:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
4591:Naming of comets
4471:
4465:
4418:
4417:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4380:
4379:
3948:Meteor air burst
3907:
3900:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3695:
3684:
3673:
3662:
3651:
3625:Kamchatka meteor
3536:
3493:Murchison meteor
3434:
3433:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3377:
3354:Population index
3174:
3145:lambda Virginids
3114:Southern Taurids
3109:Northern Taurids
2946:Comae Berenicids
2923:theta Centaurids
2918:alpha Centaurids
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2706:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2571:(1–4): 125–131.
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:2060/20150010116
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2497:. Archived from
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2472:. Archived from
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2447:. Archived from
2441:
2435:
2434:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2318:Brian G. Marsden
2314:
2308:
2307:
2290:(3): 1286–1290.
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2024:(5): 1822–1830.
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1930:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1882:Haines, Lester,
1880:
1874:
1873:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1825:(5): 3018–3022.
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1729:
1723:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1658:1999 April 21st.
1646:
1640:
1639:By Rob McNaught,
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1585:
1579:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1380:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1268:
1165:Comet 13P/Olbers
982:
980:
979:
965:Northern Taurids
949:Southern Taurids
904:early September
819:7P/Pons-Winnecke
708:
706:
705:
676:
675:
669:
666:
648:
647:
641:
485:
483:
482:
478:(196256) 2003 EH
464:Peter Jenniskens
302:Peter Jenniskens
244:Adolphe Quetelet
174:meteor outbursts
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7117:
7115:
7105:
7103:
7093:
7091:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7057:
7052:
7022:
6998:
6976:
6514:
6508:
6499:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
6222:
6168:
6126:
5912:
5910:
5899:
5837:
5826:
5770:
5749:
5624:
5521:
5514:
5317:
5311:
5192:62P/Tsuchinshan
5182:60P/Tsuchinshan
5177:59P/Kearns–Kwee
4942:12P/Pons–Brooks
4879:
4869:
4858:
4851:Lists of comets
4836:
4814:
4808:
4793:
4690:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
4658:
4637:
4579:
4472:
4466:
4457:
4412:
4407:
4377:
4372:
4346:
4337:
4312:
4273:B612 Foundation
4261:
4167:
4040:
4004:Gravity tractor
3982:
3916:
3911:
3881:
3876:
3815:
3799:Meteorite falls
3762:
3719:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3535:
3531:
3509:
3425:
3420:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3367:
3318:
3172:
3162:
3157:March Virginids
3139:theta Virginids
3133:gamma Virginids
3130:alpha Virginids
3080:alpha Scorpiids
2994:Leonis Minorids
2811:kappa Aquariids
2782:
2777:
2714:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2683:Wayback Machine
2674:
2670:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2592:
2560:
2556:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2421:"Lunar Impacts"
2419:
2418:
2414:
2379:
2375:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2311:
2280:
2276:
2239:
2235:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2152:
2148:
2125:(32): 317–318.
2109:
2105:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2010:
2006:
1969:
1962:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1852:
1848:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1730:
1726:
1721:Wayback Machine
1712:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1656:Wayback Machine
1647:
1643:
1637:Wayback Machine
1628:
1624:
1586:
1582:
1576:Wayback Machine
1567:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:Wayback Machine
1486:
1482:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1200:
1161:Comet 1P/Halley
1103:Mars meteor by
1097:
1084:Canis-Minorids
1041:early December
977:
976:
973:
953:early November
711:Comet C/1490 Y1
703:
702:
699:
670:
664:
661:
645:
636:
631:
625:
582:
577:
519:resonant orbits
496:
480:
479:
476:
395:
387:Delta Aquariids
379:possessive form
371:
332:
326:
277:Adolf Berberich
219:Denison Olmsted
215:Rocky Mountains
190:
134:
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"Meteor shower"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7167:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7139:Meteor showers
7126:
7125:
7113:
7101:
7089:
7077:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6996:Wilson–Hubbard
6993:
6988:
6983:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6863:311P/PanSTARRS
6860:
6855:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5915:
5909:Near-Parabolic
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5842:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5725:205P/Giacobini
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5610:358P/PANSTARRS
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5590:311P/PanSTARRS
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5568:60558 Echeclus
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5510:460P/PanSTARRS
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5475:311P/PanSTARRS
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5430:205P/Giacobini
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5137:51P/Harrington
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5042:32P/Comas SolĂ
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5002:24P/Schaumasse
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4872:
4860:
4859:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4832:Comet vintages
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4533:Near-parabolic
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4511:Jupiter-family
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4117:NEAR Shoemaker
4113:
4112:
4111:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4056:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4025:Damage scales
4023:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3758:Jupiter impact
3754:
3752:Jupiter impact
3748:
3746:Jupiter impact
3742:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3632:
3630:2019 MO impact
3627:
3621:
3619:2018 LA impact
3616:
3611:
3609:WT1190F impact
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:2014 AA impact
3586:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3567:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3481:Chicora meteor
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3440:
3438:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3323:Related topics
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:December 13–14
3301:
3296:
3294:November 21–22
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:iota Virginids
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2889:
2886:delta Cancrids
2882:
2880:Canis-Minorids
2877:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:delta Aurigids
2860:
2859:alpha Aurigids
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2780:Meteor showers
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2718:Meteor Showers
2713:
2712:External links
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:Microsymposium
2691:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2616:Note also the
2590:
2554:
2511:
2486:
2461:
2436:
2412:
2373:
2354:(1): 197–209.
2334:
2320:(1983-10-25).
2309:
2304:10.1086/432469
2274:
2268:10.1086/303853
2233:
2220:10.1086/519074
2183:
2162:(2): 103–117.
2146:
2103:
2076:(2): 725–730.
2053:
2004:
1998:10.1086/497374
1960:
1907:
1894:
1875:
1846:
1840:10.1086/383213
1812:
1801:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1759:10.1086/145416
1724:
1706:
1688:
1676:
1660:
1641:
1622:
1616:10.1086/303853
1580:
1561:
1550:
1531:(3): 492–499.
1513:
1501:
1480:
1455:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1393:
1375:
1358:
1351:
1327:
1316:
1299:
1288:
1281:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:late December
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1002:
1001:
995:
992:
985:
984:
970:
967:
961:
960:
954:
951:
945:
944:
938:
935:
929:
928:
922:
921:early October
919:
912:
911:
905:
902:
895:
894:
888:
885:
879:
878:
872:
869:
863:
862:
856:
853:
847:
846:
831:
828:
822:
821:
815:
812:
805:
804:
798:
795:
789:
788:
773:
770:
764:
763:
757:
754:
748:
747:
741:
738:
731:
730:
724:
721:
715:
714:
696:
695:early January
693:
687:
686:
685:Parent object
683:
680:
672:
671:
651:
649:
635:
632:
624:
621:
581:
578:
576:
573:
569:zodiacal cloud
562:annual showers
495:
492:
394:
391:
370:
367:
328:Main article:
325:
322:
248:Julius Schmidt
189:
186:
145:zodiacal light
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7166:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7102:
7100:
7090:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7076:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7049:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6905:Siding Spring
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6745:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5906:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5833:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5745:289P/Blanpain
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:113P/Spitaler
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5660:27P/Crommelin
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:324P/La Sagra
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5574:118401 LINEAR
5572:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:289P/Blanpain
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5425:178P/Hug–Bell
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:141P/Machholz
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:27P/Crommelin
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:Unknown-orbit
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4454:
4453:Meteor shower
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Impact events
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4342:99942 Apophis
4340:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:Organizations
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:OGS Telescope
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4090:Halley Armada
4088:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Palermo scale
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Meteor shower
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Meteor shower
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Minor planets
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:Novato meteor
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3154:psi Virginids
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:eta Virginids
3135:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:Puppid-Velids
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3044:zeta Perseids
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:sigma Hydrids
2980:
2977:
2976:tau Herculids
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2952:kappa Cygnids
2949:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:Capricornids
2890:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:tau Aquariids
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:eta Aquariids
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2501:on 2008-10-03
2500:
2496:
2490:
2476:on 2017-07-01
2475:
2471:
2465:
2451:on 2007-07-24
2450:
2446:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1498:Gary W. Kronk
1496:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1477:(1): 168–170.
1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1371:New Scientist
1368:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:Johnson Urama
1331:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1169:5335 Damocles
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Eta Aquariids
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:3200 Phaethon
1060:Minor planet
1059:
1057:mid-December
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:289P/Blanpain
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1024:mid-November
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:mid-November
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
994:mid-November
993:
990:
987:
986:
981:
972:Minor planet
971:
969:mid-November
968:
966:
963:
962:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
943:
939:
937:late October
936:
934:
931:
930:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
913:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
896:
893:
890:Minor planet
889:
886:
884:
883:Kappa Cygnids
881:
880:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
806:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:
752:Eta Aquariids
750:
749:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
707:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
684:
677:
668:
659:
655:
652:This list is
650:
643:
642:
639:
630:
616:
612:
609:
607:
602:
601:meteor shower
598:
593:
591:
587:
572:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
507:
505:
501:
491:
489:
488:3200 Phaethon
484:
474:
470:
465:
460:
458:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
410:
403:
399:
390:
388:
384:
383:Delta Aquarii
380:
377:of the Latin
376:
366:
362:
360:
356:
354:
349:
345:
336:
331:
324:Radiant point
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
295:
294:
289:
284:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
259:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
211:North America
207:
203:
194:
185:
183:
179:
178:meteor storms
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:meteor shower
146:
142:
141:Eta Aquariids
138:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
99:February 2024
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
7123:Solar System
6735:C/2001 OG108
6527:Arend–Roland
5888:103P/Hartley
5878:(2005, 2011)
5864:19P/Borrelly
5812:75D/Kohoutek
5797:20D/Westphal
5720:177P/Barnard
5715:157P/Tritton
5710:122P/de Vico
5585:259P/Garradd
5420:177P/Barnard
5380:144P/Kushida
5365:122P/de Vico
5355:108P/Ciffréo
5345:103P/Hartley
5335:96P/Machholz
5267:77P/Longmore
5257:75D/Kohoutek
5112:46P/Wirtanen
5102:44P/Reinmuth
5032:30P/Reinmuth
4982:20D/Westphal
4977:19P/Borrelly
4575:Interstellar
4528:Non-periodic
4452:
4329:101955 Bennu
4212:NEO Surveyor
4160:
4151:
4144:
4129:New Horizons
4127:
4115:
4101:
4094:
4081:
4058:
4051:
4045:Space probes
4034:Torino scale
3957:
3943:Impact event
3851:
3475:Curuçá River
3457:Great Meteor
3451:Great Meteor
3299:December 5–6
3167:By peak date
3151:pi Virginids
3148:mu Virginids
3104:beta Taurids
3013:Monocerotids
2937:omega Cetids
2906:eta Carinids
2874:June Bootids
2779:
2721:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2671:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2593:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2489:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:the original
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2439:
2424:
2415:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2326:. Retrieved
2312:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2203:
2199:
2186:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2122:
2116:
2106:
2073:
2069:
2056:
2021:
2017:
2007:
1980:
1976:
1921:(1): L6–L8.
1918:
1914:
1897:
1889:The Register
1887:
1878:
1859:
1849:
1822:
1818:
1804:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1741:
1738:Astrophys. J
1737:
1727:
1709:
1701:
1679:
1663:
1644:
1625:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1564:
1553:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1504:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1441:
1437:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1361:
1345:. Springer.
1341:
1330:
1319:
1311:
1302:
1291:
1272:
1173:
1156:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1120:
1116:Solar System
1113:
1106:
835:96P/Machholz
809:June Bootids
793:Beta Taurids
777:96P/Machholz
662:
637:
610:
605:
600:
594:
583:
566:
561:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
516:
508:
499:
497:
461:
454:
425:Fred Whipple
418:
372:
363:
352:
341:
298:
291:
285:
255:
237:
222:
213:east of the
199:
177:
173:
152:
150:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
7111:Outer space
7099:Spaceflight
6999: [
6977: [
6873:C/2015 ER61
6582:C/2013 US10
6169: [
6127: [
5822:85D/Boethin
5817:83D/Russell
5802:25D/Neujmin
5605:354P/LINEAR
5563:167P/CINEOS
5553:165P/LINEAR
5535:2060 Chiron
5530:596 Scheila
5500:354P/LINEAR
5495:333P/LINEAR
5455:252P/LINEAR
5450:249P/LINEAR
5435:209P/LINEAR
5330:92P/Sanguin
5307:85D/Boethin
5297:83D/Russell
5292:82P/Gehrels
5272:78P/Gehrels
5222:68P/Klemola
5212:66P/du Toit
5122:48P/Johnson
5092:42P/Neujmin
5082:40P/Väisälä
5062:36P/Whipple
5022:28P/Neujmin
5007:25D/Neujmin
4912:6P/d'Arrest
4815:speculation
4813:Culture and
4642:Exploration
4550:Great Comet
4506:Halley-type
4501:Long period
4060:Deep Impact
3921:Main topics
3314:December 22
3309:December 15
3289:November 18
3284:November 12
3254:September 1
3204:April 22–23
3191:February 10
3073:Quadrantids
3007:June Lyrids
2974:Herculids (
2914:Centaurids
2794:Andromedids
2527:: 230–237.
2206:(3): 1037.
1125:sodium tail
1038:(periodic)
1008:(periodic)
991:(periodic)
989:Andromedids
983:and others
918:(periodic)
901:(periodic)
887:mid-August
871:mid-August
811:(periodic)
740:late April
737:(periodic)
723:late April
691:Quadrantids
665:August 2017
469:Quadrantids
443:, or other
402:Comet Encke
348:perspective
314:David Asher
217:. American
7154:Meteoroids
7133:Categories
6947:Stonehouse
6900:Seki–Lines
6848:Pan-STARRS
6838:Oukaimeden
6713:C/2000 WM1
6636:Ikeya-Seki
6513:After 1910
6469:2I/Borisov
6227:After 1990
5921:Until 1990
5838:spacecraft
5836:Visited by
5787:5D/Brorsen
5680:69P/Taylor
5655:17P/Holmes
5650:15P/Finlay
5600:331P/Gibbs
5520:Comet-like
5325:88P/Howell
5316:After 1985
5302:84P/Giclas
5232:70P/Kojima
5227:69P/Taylor
5077:39P/Oterma
5067:37P/Forbes
5047:33P/Daniel
4967:17P/Holmes
4962:16P/Brooks
4957:15P/Finlay
4947:13P/Olbers
4932:10P/Tempel
4907:5D/Brorsen
4878:Until 1985
4740:2I/Borisov
4623:Oort cloud
4555:Sungrazing
4538:Hyperbolic
4516:Encke-type
4448:Comet dust
4293:Spaceguard
4252:Spacewatch
4232:Pan-STARRS
4227:Orbit@home
4135:OSIRIS-REx
3279:November 9
3274:October 22
3269:October 21
3264:October 10
3234:July 28–29
3186:February 8
3077:Scorpiids
3064:pi Puppids
3054:Phoenicids
3004:eta Lyrids
2904:Carinids (
2884:Cancrids (
2505:2006-12-30
2480:2006-12-30
2455:2007-11-26
2328:2011-07-05
2253:(1): 441.
1983:(2): 551.
1601:(1): 441.
1420:Leonid MAC
1252:References
1155:of Earth (
1114:Any other
1036:Phoenicids
855:late July
830:late July
814:late June
797:late June
756:early May
735:Pi Puppids
654:incomplete
500:dust trail
462:Recently,
375:declension
165:meteoroids
69:newspapers
7075:Astronomy
7013:Zhu–Balam
6967:C/2020 F8
6962:C/2012 E2
6957:C/2006 M4
6915:C/2013 A1
6910:C/2007 Q3
6890:Pojmański
6878:C/2017 K2
6868:C/2014 Q1
6858:C/2012 K1
6853:C/2011 L4
6843:ʻOumuamua
6833:Nishimura
6821:C/2002 V1
6816:C/2001 Q4
6794:C/2009 R1
6789:C/2006 P1
6767:C/2014 Q2
6762:C/2013 R1
6757:C/2011 W3
6752:C/2007 E2
6740:C/2007 F1
6723:C/2002 T7
6718:C/2001 A2
6708:C/1999 S4
6686:C/2019 U6
6681:C/2018 C2
6676:C/2012 F6
6629:C/1964 N1
6624:C/1963 A1
6614:Hyakutake
6604:Hale-Bopp
6577:C/1999 F1
6562:Bradfield
6537:Beljawsky
6515:(by name)
5958:C/1652 Y1
5913:(notable)
5882:C/2006 P1
5876:9P/Tempel
5852:1P/Halley
5775:Not found
5754:Destroyed
5638:Recovered
5580:238P/Read
5558:166P/NEAT
5522:asteroids
5485:323P/SOHO
5480:322P/SOHO
5460:255P/Levy
5445:246P/NEAT
5440:238P/Read
5415:169P/NEAT
5370:126P/IRAS
5318:(notable)
5237:71P/Clark
5132:50P/Arend
4992:22P/Kopff
4927:9P/Tempel
4922:8P/Tuttle
4887:1P/Halley
4790:C/2014 UN
4760:C/2017 U7
4521:Main-belt
4288:NEOShield
4123:NEA Scout
4103:Hayabusa2
3968:Meteoroid
3963:Meteorite
3862:Meteoroid
3857:Meteorite
3514:Post-2000
3259:October 8
3249:August 13
3181:January 4
3126:Virginids
3062:Puppids (
2981:Hydrids (
2961:Draconids
2950:Cygnids (
2940:pi Cetids
2872:Bootids (
2833:Aquilids
2802:Aquariids
2629:journal??
2169:0905.1639
2098:122768057
1955:119299384
1928:0805.2452
1444:: 363–411
1408:Space.com
1078:8P/Tuttle
942:1P/Halley
916:Draconids
892:2008 ED69
860:169P/NEAT
772:mid-June
761:1P/Halley
558:fireballs
543:crescents
445:volatiles
414:Comet 73P
320:(IMCCE).
167:entering
161:night sky
7048:Category
6937:Southern
6784:McNaught
6779:Machholz
6666:Kohoutek
6572:Catalina
6547:Boattini
5870:81P/Wild
5807:34D/Gale
5761:3D/Biela
5287:81P/Wild
5207:65P/Gunn
5197:63P/Wild
5052:34D/Gale
4952:14P/Wolf
4897:3D/Biela
4892:2P/Encke
4868:Periodic
4633:Asteroid
4570:Exocomet
4491:Numbered
4486:Periodic
4443:Antitail
4421:Features
4175:tracking
4162:Stardust
4096:Hayabusa
3928:Asteroid
3820:See also
3463:Tunguska
3445:Qingyang
3437:Pre-2000
3430:On Earth
3376:See also
3209:April 26
3199:April 17
3195:March 14
3102:Daytime
3042:Daytime
3038:Perseids
3033:Pegasids
3028:Orionids
2969:Geminids
2855:Aurigids
2842:Arietids
2679:Archived
2585:54709255
2431:Archived
2228:18785028
2048:59523258
1811:"2003 EH
1717:Archived
1652:Archived
1633:Archived
1572:Archived
1491:Archived
1339:(2008).
1198:See also
1053:Geminids
1014:unknown
999:3D/Biela
958:2P/Encke
933:Orionids
899:Aurigids
867:Perseids
802:2P/Encke
768:Arietids
728:Thatcher
606:storming
586:Perseids
539:tangling
535:braiding
531:clumping
473:Geminids
7061:Portals
7008:Yi–SWAN
6885:Pereyra
6828:NEOWISE
6747:Lovejoy
6693:Leonard
6661:Johnson
6656:Jacques
6651:Iwamoto
6609:Humason
6594:Eclipse
6552:Borisov
6542:Bennett
4902:4P/Faye
4601:Centaur
4584:Related
4565:Extinct
4428:Nucleus
4334:2010 RF
4324:1950 DA
4217:NEOSSat
4146:Rosetta
4140:PROCYON
3987:Defense
3789:Bolides
3726:Jupiter
3691:2024 RW
3680:2024 BX
3669:2023 CX
3658:2022 WJ
3647:2022 EB
3532:2008 TC
3359:Radiant
3239:July 30
3229:July 13
3224:June 27
3098:Taurids
2989:Leonids
2934:Cetids
2787:By name
2647:Bibcode
2619:Huygens
2529:Bibcode
2395:Bibcode
2356:Bibcode
2292:Bibcode
2255:Bibcode
2208:Bibcode
2174:Bibcode
2127:Bibcode
2078:Bibcode
2026:Bibcode
1985:Bibcode
1933:Bibcode
1906:2003 EH
1827:Bibcode
1746:Bibcode
1744:: 464.
1603:Bibcode
1533:Bibcode
1238:Radiant
1020:Leonids
975:2004 TG
839:Marsden
781:Marsden
701:2003 EH
679:Shower
554:bolides
523:Jupiter
441:ammonia
437:methane
344:radiant
279:of the
206:Leonids
182:Leonids
157:meteors
83:scholar
6730:LONEOS
6703:LINEAR
6671:Lemmon
6599:Elenin
6567:Brooks
6557:Bowell
6532:Austin
5911:comets
5896:(2014)
5890:(2010)
5884:(2007)
5872:(2004)
5866:(2001)
5860:(1992)
5854:(1986)
5848:(1985)
5576:(176P)
5570:(174P)
5549:(133P)
5543:(107P)
4870:comets
4663:Latest
4611:LINEAR
4559:Kreutz
4410:Comets
4247:Sentry
4207:NEODyS
4197:LONEOS
4192:LINEAR
4153:Philae
4109:MASCOT
4066:HAMMER
3933:Bolide
3837:Bolide
3784:Comets
3696:impact
3685:impact
3674:impact
3663:impact
3652:impact
3537:impact
3219:June 7
3121:Ursids
3000:Lyrids
2687:Icarus
2645:(E7).
2621:lander
2608:3 June
2583:
2521:Icarus
2348:Icarus
2226:
2096:
2046:
1953:
1861:Nature
1524:Icarus
1448:21 May
1391:
1349:
1279:
1234:(NAMN)
1190:, and
1188:Triton
1144:Spirit
1121:per se
1107:Spirit
1076:Comet
1069:Ursids
1044:Comet
1027:Comet
997:Comet
956:Comet
940:Comet
924:Comet
907:Comet
874:Comet
858:Comet
843:Kracht
833:Comet
817:Comet
800:Comet
785:Kracht
775:Comet
759:Comet
743:Comet
726:Comet
719:Lyrids
709:, and
597:Leonid
369:Naming
229:Europe
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
7087:Stars
7003:]
6981:]
6895:Ryves
6806:Mrkos
6774:Lulin
6619:Ikeya
6173:]
6131:]
5537:(95P)
4880:(all)
4478:Types
4438:Tails
4182:ATLAS
3767:Lists
3756:2016
3750:2010
3744:2009
3738:1994
3639:2021
3623:2018
3582:2013
3569:2013
3563:2012
3552:2012
3541:2008
3503:1990
3497:1972
3491:1969
3485:1947
3479:1938
3473:1930
3467:1913
3461:1908
3455:1860
3449:1783
3443:1490
3214:May 6
2720:, by
2581:S2CID
2224:S2CID
2196:(PDF)
2164:arXiv
2094:S2CID
2066:(PDF)
2044:S2CID
1951:S2CID
1923:arXiv
1246:(ZHR)
1218:(IMO)
1207:(AMS)
1192:Pluto
1184:Titan
1110:rover
682:Time
537:or a
521:with
457:orbit
433:water
421:comet
90:JSTOR
76:books
6986:West
6952:SWAN
6932:SOHO
6811:NEAT
6698:Levy
6646:ISON
5630:Lost
5505:362P
4855:more
4496:Lost
4433:Coma
4257:WISE
4237:SCAP
4202:NEAT
4082:DART
4076:Hera
4071:AIDA
4053:Dawn
3711:Mars
2610:2013
2426:NASA
1450:2013
1389:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1157:i.e.
1105:MER
841:and
783:and
595:The
590:tool
533:, a
486:and
471:and
258:1867
176:and
62:news
7018:ZTF
4792:271
4173:NEO
3724:On
3709:On
2655:doi
2643:111
2573:doi
2569:102
2545:hdl
2537:doi
2525:250
2403:doi
2364:doi
2352:159
2300:doi
2288:130
2263:doi
2251:479
2216:doi
2204:134
2135:doi
2086:doi
2074:136
2034:doi
2022:139
1993:doi
1981:161
1941:doi
1919:390
1866:doi
1835:doi
1823:127
1754:doi
1742:113
1611:doi
1599:479
1541:doi
1310:",
660:.
556:or
541:of
429:Sun
353:IMO
45:by
7135::
7001:de
6979:de
6171:de
6129:de
4336:12
2653:.
2641:.
2637:.
2601:.
2579:.
2567:.
2543:.
2535:.
2523:.
2429:.
2423:.
2401:.
2391:18
2389:.
2385:.
2362:.
2350:.
2346:.
2298:.
2286:.
2261:.
2249:.
2245:.
2222:.
2214:.
2202:.
2198:.
2172:.
2160:36
2158:.
2133:.
2123:88
2121:.
2115:.
2092:.
2084:.
2072:.
2068:.
2042:.
2032:.
2020:.
2016:.
1991:.
1979:.
1975:.
1963:^
1949:.
1939:.
1931:.
1917:.
1913:.
1886:,
1864:.
1858:.
1833:.
1821:.
1817:.
1794:.
1752:.
1740:.
1736:.
1691:^
1609:.
1597:.
1593:.
1539:.
1529:47
1527:.
1475:29
1473:.
1467:.
1442:25
1440:.
1436:.
1369:.
1259:^
1194:.
1171:.
978:10
837:,
779:,
439:,
435:,
312:,
260:).
246:,
242:,
151:A
7063::
5965:)
4857:)
4853:(
4561:)
4557:(
4402:e
4395:t
4388:v
3906:e
3899:t
3892:v
3693:1
3682:1
3671:1
3660:1
3649:5
3534:3
3415:e
3408:t
3401:v
3066:)
2985:)
2978:)
2954:)
2908:)
2888:)
2876:)
2772:e
2765:t
2758:v
2663:.
2657::
2649::
2612:.
2587:.
2575::
2561:[
2551:.
2547::
2539::
2531::
2508:.
2483:.
2458:.
2409:.
2405::
2397::
2370:.
2366::
2358::
2331:.
2306:.
2302::
2294::
2271:.
2265::
2257::
2230:.
2218::
2210::
2180:.
2176::
2166::
2143:.
2137::
2129::
2100:.
2088::
2080::
2050:.
2036::
2028::
2001:.
1995::
1987::
1957:.
1943::
1935::
1925::
1908:1
1872:.
1868::
1843:.
1837::
1829::
1813:1
1762:.
1756::
1748::
1619:.
1613::
1605::
1547:.
1543::
1535::
1452:.
1397:.
1355:.
1285:.
704:1
667:)
663:(
481:1
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80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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