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114:. This search engine improved on SearchSavvy's accuracy by adding its own search syntax behind the scenes, and matching the syntax to that of the search engines it was probing. Metacrawler reduced the amount of search engines queried to 6, but although it produced more accurate results, it still wasn't considered as accurate as searching a query in an individual engine.
159:. Ixquick's privacy policy includes no recording of users' IP addresses, no identifying cookies, no collection of personal data, and no sharing of personal data with third parties. It also uses a unique ranking system where a result is ranked by stars. The more stars in a result, the more search engines agreed on the result.
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for generating ranked data, duplicates will therefore also be generated. To remove duplicates, a metasearch engine processes this data and applies its own algorithm. A revised list is produced as an output for the user. When a metasearch engine contacts other search engines, these search engines will
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Metasearching also gives the illusion that there is more coverage of the topic queried, particularly if the user is searching for popular or commonplace information. It's common to end with multiple identical results from the queried engines. It is also harder for users to search with advanced search
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Collection Fusion: also known as distributed retrieval, deals specifically with search engines that index unrelated data. To determine how valuable these sources are, Collection Fusion looks at the content and then ranks the data on how likely it is to provide relevant information in relation to the
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Data Fusion: deals with information retrieved from search engines that indexes common data sets. The process is very similar. The initial rank scores of data are merged into a single list, after which the original ranks of each of these documents are analysed. Data with high scores indicate a high
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engines because the return contents of searches have poor precision. This will eventually result in the search engine becoming unreliable and not dependable for the user. To tackle
Spamdexing, search robot algorithms are made more complex and are changed almost every day to eliminate the problem.
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Spamdexing is the deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes. It uses a number of methods to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed in a manner unaligned with the intention of the indexing system. Spamdexing can be very distressing for users and problematic for search
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in providing useful information. However, all search engines have different ranking scores for each website and most of the time these scores are not the same. This is because search engines prioritise different criteria and methods for scoring, hence a website might appear highly ranked on one
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Metasearching is also a useful approach if the purpose of the user's search is to get an overview of the topic or to get quick answers. Instead of having to go through multiple search engines like Yahoo! or Google and comparing results, metasearch engines are able to quickly compile and combine
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level of relevancy to a particular query and are therefore selected. To produce a list, the scores must be normalized using algorithms such as CombSum. This is because search engines adopt different policies of algorithms resulting in the score produced being incomparable.
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of the topic and allows more information to be found. They use the indexes built by other search engines, aggregating and often post-processing results in unique ways. A metasearch engine has an advantage over a single search engine because more results can be
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in 1998, development for the search engine staggered and its market share fell drastically. After going through a few alterations, HotBot was redesigned into a simplified search interface, with its features being incorporated into Lycos' website redesign.
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is a search engine known for its privacy policy statement. Developed and launched in 1998 by David
Bodnick, it is owned by Surfboard Holding BV. In June 2006, Ixquick began to delete private details of its users following the same process with
521:. It is commonly used as a spamdexing technique because it can trick search engines into either visiting a site that is substantially different from the search engine description or giving a certain site a higher ranking.
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results. They can do it either by listing results from each engine queried with no additional post-processing (Dogpile) or by analyzing the results and ranking them by their own rules (IxQuick, Metacrawler, and
Vivismo).
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to measure the overlap and ranking differences of leading Web search engines in order to gauge the benefits of using a metasearch engine to search the web. Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from
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They will both cooperate and provide complete access to the interface for the metasearch engine, including private access to the index database, and will inform the metasearch engine of any changes made upon the index
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syntax to be sent with the query, so results may not be as precise as when a user is using an advanced search interface at a specific engine. This results in many metasearch engines using simple searching.
106:. He developed SearchSavvy, which let users search up to 20 different search engines and directories at once. Although fast, the search engine was restricted to simple searches and thus wasn't reliable.
148:
In August 2000, India got its first meta search engine when HumHaiIndia.com was launched. It was developed by the then 16 year old Sumeet Lamba. The website was later rebranded as Tazaa.com.
191:, only 3.2% of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query. Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from
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The majority of metasearch engines do not provide over ten linked files from a single search engine, and generally do not interact with larger search engines for results.
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system of a search engine, and places websites higher on the ranking list than they would naturally be placed. There are three primary methods used to achieve this:
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search engine and lowly ranked on another. This is a problem because
Metasearch engines rely heavily on the consistency of this data to generate reliable accounts.
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A metasearch engine uses the process of Fusion to filter data for more efficient results. The two main fusion methods used are: Collection Fusion and Data Fusion.
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with the same amount of exertion. It also reduces the work of users from having to individually type in searches from different engines to look for resources.
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query. From what is generated, Collection Fusion is able to pick out the best resources from the rank. These chosen resources are then merged into a list.
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and Direct Hit databases. It was known for its fast results and as a search engine with the ability to search within search results. Upon being bought by
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Hidden/Invisible Text - Unrelated text disguised by making it the same color as the background, using a tiny font size, or hiding it within the HTML code
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The search engine can be completely hostile and refuse the metasearch engine total access to their database and in serious circumstances, by seeking
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Page
Hijacking - Creating a copy of a popular website with similar content, but redirects web surfers to unrelated or even malicious websites
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Content spam are the techniques that alter the logical view that a search engine has over the page's contents. Techniques include:
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to produce its own results. Metasearch engines take input from a user and immediately query search engines for results. Sufficient
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A metasearch engine can also hide the searcher's IP address from the search engines queried thus providing privacy to the search.
142:
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Keyword
Stuffing - Calculated placements of keywords within a page to raise the keyword count, variety, and density of the page
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Machine
Translation - Uses machine translation to rewrite content in several different languages, resulting in illegible text
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generated by metasearch engines are limited, and therefore do not provide the user with the complete results of a query.
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Search engines can behave in a non-cooperative manner whereby they will not deny or provide any access to interfaces;
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Scraper Sites - Programs that allow websites to copy content from other websites and create content for a website
433:'s indexing criteria, which are heavily relied upon to format ranking lists. Spamdexing manipulates the natural
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found that only 1.1% of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query.
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Cookie
Stuffing - Placing an affiliate tracking cookie on a website visitor's computer without their knowledge
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This is an SEO technique in which different materials and information are sent to the web crawler and to the
175:
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Spam Blogs - Blogs created solely for commercial promotion and the passage of link authority to target sites
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1612:
1131:
1001:
Wu, Shengli; Crestani, Fabio; Bi, Yaxin (2006). "Evaluating Score
Normalization Methods in Data Fusion".
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Meta-tag
Stuffing - Repeating keywords in meta tags and/or using keywords unrelated to the site's content
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Buying Expired Domains - Buying expiring domains and replacing pages with links to unrelated websites
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107:
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Berger, Sandy (2005). "Sandy Berger's Great Age Guide to the Internet" (Document). Que Publishing.
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Article Spinning - Rewriting existing articles as opposed to copying content from other sites
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Link spam are links between pages present for reasons other than merit. Techniques include:
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Doorway Pages - Low quality webpages with little content, but relatable keywords or phrases
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of results. The process of fusion aims to improve the engineering of a metasearch engine.
8:
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Link Farms - Pages that reference each other (also known as mutual admiration societies)
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82:, which aggregate search results of online travel agencies and provider websites, and
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The first person to incorporate the idea of meta searching was Daniel Dreilinger of
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749:"Better Web searches and prediction with instantaneously trained neural networks"
145:. This was later incorporated into another metasearch engine called Solosearch.
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690:"Search engine rankings on HotBot: a brief history of the HotBot search engine"
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Forum Spam - Websites that can be edited by users to insert links to spam sites
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Web pages that are highly ranked on many search engines are likely to be more
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Spink, Amanda; Jansen, Bernard J.; Kathuria, Vinish; Koshman, Sherry (2006).
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By sending multiple queries to several other search engines this extends the
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599:"Architecture of a Metasearch Engine that Supports User Information Needs"
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It is a major problem for metasearch engines because it tampers with the
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Hidden Links - Placing hyperlinks where visitors won't or can't see them
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1005:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4182. pp. 642–648.
981:"Information retrieval on Internet using meta-search engines: A review"
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search engine which aggregates results from internet search engines.
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274:. This search request is then passed on to another search engine's
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941:"The MetaCrawler architecture for resource aggregation on the Web"
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Sybil Attack - Forging of multiple identities for malicious intent
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707:(1999). "A neural network based intelligent metasearch engine".
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A metasearch engine called Anvish was developed by Bo Shu and
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student Eric Selberg released a more "updated" version called
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956:"Design and Development of a Programmable Meta Search Engine"
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A metasearch engine accepts a single search request from the
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Wang, Yi-Min; Ma, Ming; Niu, Yuan; Chen, Hao (May 8, 2007).
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1046:"A Formal Approach to Score Normalization for Meta-search"
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125:, was a search engine with search results coming from the
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Lawrence, Stephen R.; Lee Giles, C. (October 10, 1997).
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links are prioritised and are normally displayed first.
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Since every search engine is unique and has different
649:; Gupta, Narendra; Johnson-Laird, Ben (April 2000).
278:. A metasearch engine does not create a database of
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60:is gathered, ranked, and presented to the users.
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961:. Foundation of Computer Science. pp. 6–11.
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170:, Inc., collaborated with researchers from the
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141:in 1999; the search results were sorted using
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988:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
243:query forms or able to fully translate query
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979:Manoj, M.; Jacob, Elizabeth (October 2008).
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972:
970:
968:
890:"Intelligence Exploitation of the Internet"
586:
1146:
1132:
1112:"Connecting Web Spammers with Advertisers"
978:
953:
317:
1095:Vandendriessche, Gerrit (February 2009).
1010:
965:
908:"Metasearch Engines Expands your Horizon"
720:
665:"The Meta-search — Search Engine History"
413:Learn how and when to remove this message
954:Manoj, M; Jacob, Elizabeth (July 2013).
905:
855:"Overlap among major web search engines"
480:Link-building Software - Automating the
334:
29:
629:"Patent US6999959 - Meta search engine"
384:not related to the topic of the article
143:instantaneously trained neural networks
74:Examples of metasearch engines include
14:
1600:
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1075:
702:
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239:Metasearch engines are not capable of
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939:Selberg, Erik; Etzioni, Oren (1997).
1097:"A few legal comments on spamdexing"
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906:HENNEGAR, ANNE (16 September 2009).
611:
366:
743:
34:Architecture of a metasearch engine
24:
25:
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27:Online information retrieval tool
1044:Manmatha, R.; Sever, H. (2014).
1003:Information Retrieval Technology
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651:"The collection fusion problem"
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943:. IEEE expert. pp. 11–14.
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52:tool that uses the data of a
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1:
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393:or discuss this issue on the
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176:Pennsylvania State University
166:, then owned and operated by
791:"What is Metasearch Engine?"
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7:
921:MENG, WEIYI (May 5, 2008).
872:"Department of Informatics"
754:. IEEE Intelligent Systems.
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556:Search engine optimization
536:List of metasearch engines
482:search engine optimization
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284:Federated database system
104:Colorado State University
840:"ABOUT US – Our history"
614:"How search Engine work"
172:University of Pittsburgh
108:University of Washington
1608:Internet search engines
318:Architecture of ranking
298:respond in three ways:
290:from multiple sources.
876:University of Fribourg
340:
69:accuracy and precision
35:
1076:Najork, Marc (2014).
382:may contain material
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50:information retrieval
33:
1078:"Web Spam Detection"
923:"Metasearch Engines"
709:Information Sciences
612:Ride, Onion (2021).
391:improve this section
1021:10.1007/11880592_57
1613:Metasearch engines
1316:Metasearch engines
1155:Web search engines
647:Voorhees, Ellen M.
341:
36:
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1030:978-3-540-45780-0
816:"www.metaseek.nl"
766:"New kid in town"
747:(November 1999).
551:Search aggregator
423:
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339:Data Fusion Model
117:On May 20, 1996,
63:Problems such as
54:web search engine
45:search aggregator
40:metasearch engine
16:(Redirected from
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1587:Complete list
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1058:on 2019-09-30
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631:– via
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616:. onionride.
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1344:MetaCrawler
770:India Today
715:(4): 1–11.
546:Multisearch
519:web browser
431:Web crawler
139:Subhash Kak
112:MetaCrawler
92:open-source
67:reduce the
1602:Categories
1582:Comparison
1439:GenieKnows
1291:WebCrawler
1241:KidzSearch
1211:DuckDuckGo
1062:2014-10-27
860:. Emerald.
825:2024-03-14
801:2024-03-14
776:2024-03-14
675:2014-12-02
562:References
363:Spamdexing
357:Spamdexing
295:algorithms
249:hyperlinks
211:Advantages
205:Ask Jeeves
201:MSN Search
189:Ask Jeeves
76:Skyscanner
18:Metasearch
1549:W3Catalog
1444:Gigablast
1409:AltaVista
1404:AlltheWeb
1389:123people
1364:Startpage
1286:Swisscows
1276:Seznam.cz
1169:Dedicated
1082:Microsoft
1007:CiteSeerX
717:CiteSeerX
703:Shu, Bo;
472:Link spam
395:talk page
303:database;
280:web pages
266:Operation
222:retrieved
168:InfoSpace
80:Kayak.com
1554:Wikiseek
1539:Vivisimo
1509:SearchMe
1504:Scroogle
1499:Powerset
1494:Pipilika
1479:LeapFish
1459:Infoseek
1434:Forestle
1382:Inactive
1334:Info.com
1261:Parsijoo
1221:Fireball
525:See also
513:Cloaking
403:May 2024
324:relevant
313:methods.
276:database
157:Scroogle
65:spamming
1544:Volunia
1524:Sputnik
1469:Ixquick
1464:Inktomi
1419:Boogami
1359:SearXNG
1349:MetaGer
1324:Dogpile
1201:Blackle
1186:Ask.com
895:. 2002.
601:. 1999.
435:ranking
241:parsing
164:Dogpile
152:Ixquick
127:Inktomi
98:History
1534:Viewzi
1454:HotBot
1449:Go.com
1414:Blekko
1399:Aliweb
1394:A9.com
1329:Excite
1306:Youdao
1301:Yandex
1296:Yahoo!
1251:Mojeek
1236:KidRex
1231:Kiddle
1226:Google
1216:Ecosia
1162:Active
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331:Fusion
245:syntax
203:, and
197:Yahoo!
193:Google
187:, and
185:Yahoo!
181:Google
119:HotBot
1564:Yippy
1559:Yebol
1529:Teoma
1514:Searx
1484:Neeva
1429:Empas
1369:Qwant
1281:Sogou
1271:Petal
1256:Naver
1246:Lycos
1206:Brave
1191:Baidu
1181:Ahmia
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311:legal
131:Lycos
123:Wired
84:Searx
1569:Yooz
1519:Soso
1424:Cuil
1339:Kagi
1196:Bing
1025:ISBN
577:ISBN
272:user
174:and
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