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268:, "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries", and Egyptian control was more likely than Judean: "there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had strong strategic interests".
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One of the significant issues dependent on this debate is whether or not the
Kingdom of Judah under King Josiah had access to a seaport. The fact that the fort was south-facing may imply that it was built for the protection of Yavne and the surrounding agricultural lands, including the seaport of
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pottery and
Judahite ostraca were found (see below). Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries. They might have been serving under Judean command in Josiah's battles against the military of the
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The fortress was abandoned in 609 BCE or shortly thereafter, likely associated with the loss of territory due to occupation by the
Egyptian army following Josiah's death.
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found on the site, as well as by historical considerations, which suggest a date about 630 BCE. This would be just after the death of the
Assyrian king
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supposed. However, both Greek and
Judahite mercenaries served in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to
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232:. William F. Albright wrote, "The life of the fortress could be dated within narrow limits by the typical late pre-exilic and early
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The Bible
Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts
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205:. The original name of the fort is unknown but was given the name found on several inscribed
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recovered at the site. The site covers an area of approximately 1.5 acres (6,100 m).
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The fortress dates from approximately 630 BCE to 609 BCE, within the reigning years of
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Albright, W.F., "Palestinian
Inscriptions: A Letter from the Time of Josiah", in
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Yavne-Yam, against aggressors from the south, either
Philistine or Egyptian.
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201:(the seaport) and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of the main city of
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Naveh, J. "A Hebrew Letter from the
Seventh Century B.C.," in
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197:. It lies 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) south of the seaport
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Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (6 March 2002).
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Buildings and structures completed in the 7th century BC
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Ancient Near
Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
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Israel Exploration Journal, Vol 10, Nr 3, 1960, 129-139
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301:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), 568.
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278:It was excavated by Joseph Naveh in 1960.
342:"The Philistines from Hezekiah to Josiah"
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408:Establishments in the Kingdom of Judah
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317:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 350–1.
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240:and before the occupation of the
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216:was found in the excavations.
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258:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
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373:"The Yavneh-Yam Ostracon"
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403:Fortifications in Israel
398:Iron Age sites in Israel
246:Psammetichus of Egypt
178:on the border of the
108:31.90750°N 34.68889°E
147:Associated with
104: /
49:Shown within Israel
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266:Israel Finkelstein
214:Yavne-Yam ostracon
113:31.90750; 34.68889
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348:on 14 April 2000.
324:978-0-7432-2338-6
195:Mediterranean Sea
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344:. Archived from
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242:Philistine Plain
183:Kingdom of Judah
172:Meṣad Hashavyahu
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17:Mesad Hashavyahu
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346:the original
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238:Ashurbanipal
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185:facing the
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87:Coordinates
387:Categories
282:References
187:Philistine
157:Site notes
99:34°41′20″E
96:31°54′27″N
23:מצד חשביהו
199:Yavne-Yam
193:near the
165:Destroyed
162:Condition
151:Judahites
69:Palmachim
189:city of
180:Iron Age
176:fortress
141:Iron Age
127:Fortress
58:Location
220:History
207:ostraca
137:Periods
132:History
321:
226:Josiah
191:Ashdod
79:Region
73:Israel
260:, as
253:Greek
251:Both
203:Yavne
319:ISBN
212:The
124:Type
248:."
244:by
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333:^
228:,
71:,
375:.
327:.
299:,
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