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300–600). This proved problematic, however, as tin-cure silicones and latexes are not skin-safe materials. Effects over overexposure include "skin, respiratory, kidney and liver damage. Repeated or prolonged contact with the preparation may cause removal of natural fat from the skin resulting in non-allergic contact dermatitis and absorption through the skin. Prolonged and repeated skin contact may cause irritation and possibly dermatitis. Prolonged, repeated, or high exposures may cause weakness and depression of the central nervous system." Some of these ailments have been recorded by mermaids who have tails containing tin-cure materials, although this evidence is anecdotal. Tin-cure tails also degrade with prolonged exposure to water; the silicone becomes soft and white while peeling away from the neoprene on which it rests. It is currently advised that those who are considering making or purchasing tin-cure tails do so with extreme caution and at their own risk. Tin-cure tails have historically not been allowed in aquariums featuring live fish or other sea life, due to the chemicals leaching from the tail into the water and causing potential harm to the aquarium's ecosystem.
755:, was released on 26 July 2013. Three different types of mermaid tails are used on the show: custom-fitted tails that the girls swim in, a "floppy tail" used for stationary shots, and a "hard tail" for stunts. The custom costumes took six months to build, with the tails and tops made from body casts and comprising individually hand-crafted scales. The finished product weighs between 12 and 15 kilograms (26 and 33 lb). Inside the tail are leg straps where the girls are strapped up and then zipped up. Once in costume, the girls have to be lifted into the water. Attempts were made to minimise the on-screen visibility of the zips on the tails, such as adding extra scales and crafting a ridge of material around the length of the zip. The tail fin itself was designed with a foot pedal to assist the actresses with swimming. This, along with the fin, adds some 60 centimetres (2 ft) to the length of the costume.
1154:. Tank performers have found ways to overcome this issue, such as using air tubes installed in certain areas of the tank to receive a fresh burst of oxygen without having to resurface. Another way to cope with the limited oxygen involves stationing scuba divers in the tank where the mermaid performs and have them bring the mermaid fresh air whenever they request it with a gesture, although this method requires careful vigilance and attention. Failure to recognize the need for air can prove life-threatening for the performer, with at least one report of a mermaid nearly asphyxiating during a performance when divers missed her requests for air. Another mermaid, Gabriela Green-Thompson Kay, nearly drowned when her tail got stuck on some coral, surviving only because she wore a tail that she could be able to slip out of in an emergency such as this.
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Neutral buoyancy in the water allows for ease of sinking and natural-looking swimming, although they are quite heavy (25–60 lbs) out of the water. Colors and patterns are only limited by the designer's imagination, and if produced properly, paint or pigment does not chip off the tail. The material has excellent elasticity, allowing relative ease in getting in and out of the tail, and fitting snugly once on. Silicone is slip-resistant and grips the skin, which results in less tail slip or gapping during vigorous swimming. It is rare to find silicone tails for less than US$ 1000, even used, and their prices increase with the amount of extra detail, color, and number of fins added. Silicone tails can costs many thousands of dollars. Due to the expense and heavier weight involved, platinum-cure silicone tails are not recommended for beginners.
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reports of mermaids getting attacked or bitten by sharks, two mermaids have recounted colliding with one. A few others have recalled getting stung by venomous jellyfish. Despite these dangers, Hannah
Mermaid herself has experience being able to fearlessly swim around great white sharks in full costume without a heavy-duty cage by maintaining high situational awareness and caution, determined to not let them challenge her dream while also expressing high respect for these predators and demonstrating how they are not eager to hunt anything like her.
1048:: Over the past several years mermaid tail blankets have become popular. General they are made of specially woven and shaped knitted fabrics, but can also be found in polyester fleece fabrics. They are generally open at the back so that when tucked around the legs they give the illusion that the wearer has a tail. They are not meant to get wet and are not really used for character parties or cosplay. Patterns are available so that knitters and crafters can make their own.
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mermaid who will be performing in a glass tank may choose a smaller, more flexible, plastic model, which imparts agility and graceful flow rather than strong propulsion. Some mermaids prefer to sand, cut, or otherwise alter their monofins into a preferred shape to suit their individual purposes; others prefer to create their monofins from scratch rather than purchase or alter an already existing model.
67:, Mahina Mermaid, and Mermaid Linden, who were all playing with the term. A little later on, the term was brought to a wider use and community by Iona the Mermaid, co-founder of MerNetwork.com. Newer professional mermaids like the famous Mermaid Elle have made mermaiding more popular and mainstream by performing at celebrity events and featured on TV, music videos and magazines.
1007:, however, these tails went out of production when the company owner died. The material has very little elasticity, which renders the tail difficult to get on and off. Many mermaids cannot use latex due to allergies, and mermaids who specialize in children's parties or other events where a tail may be touched often stay away from this material for that same reason.
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relevant, as swimming in your mermaid tail is not allowed in all swimming locations. Many public swimming pools for example need to be first consulted whether you can bring your mermaid tail with you or strictly don't allow it due to safety concerns. Initiatives to make mermaiding an officially accepted sport will help in solving these problems.
154:. The majority of Kellerman's films had themes of aquatic adventure. She performed her own stunts including diving from ninety-two feet into the sea and sixty feet into a pool of crocodiles. Many times she would play mermaids named Annette or variations of her own name. Her "fairy tale films", as she called them, started with
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Mermaids who swim in the open ocean can have their safety jeopardized if they get too close to particular sea animals. For instance, a mermaid who gets up close to a whale would be at risk of being struck hard and seriously injured by even the slightest of the whale's movements. Although there are no
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where her mother had accepted a music teaching position. During her time at school, Kellerman gave exhibitions of swimming and diving at the main
Melbourne baths, performed a mermaid act at Princes Court entertainment centre and did two shows a day swimming with fish in a glass tank at the Exhibition
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In the beginning of the twentieth century mermaiding was sometimes referred to as water ballet, but it is not currently a term that is commonly used. Mermaiding should not be confused with modern synchronized swimming, although there can be some overlap if a mermaid performance troupe is performing a
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are sewn onto a tail for decoration. Occasionally, sequins are sewn onto only a few areas to serve as a highlight; more commonly, they are sewn over the entire tail, and provide all of the tail's color and patterning. Sequin tails are time-intensive to create, as each sequin must be sewn on by hand,
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are the first choice in material for fabric tails. Fabric tails are recommended for beginners and children, as they are relatively inexpensive, easy to clean, and allow for growth. They hug the body closely without being too restrictive. Fabric tails come in a wide range of colors and patterns, and
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As common in small subcultures like mermaiding, getting connected with other mermaids has not been organized and mostly depended on getting to know the right people or being part of countless different
Facebook groups. A state that makes it difficult to enter the mermaiding world as a newcomer and
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Lastly, MerMapp also serves as a service exchange hub - where professionals working in the mermaiding or mermaiding adjacent fields (e.g. under water photographers / videographers, performance coaches, tail and jewelry designers, freediving trainers, etc.) or looking for a career opportunity, can
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Mermaiding is both a profession and a hobby. Professional mermaids will often swim in live, filmed, or photographed productions or shows and can be hired for special events. Nonprofessional enthusiasts swim in tails at their local pools if the pool allows it, lakes, rivers, and seashores, or take
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Monofins are carefully chosen when a tail is commissioned, taking into account the swimmer's ability, location of use, and desired look in the water. For instance, a large, stiff fiberglass monofin will serve a mermaid well in strong ocean currents, giving them speed and strength in the water. A
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tails (also known as platinum-cure silicone tails and
Dragonskin silicone tails, after a silicone brand name) are the most popular and most expensive tails on the market. In addition to being relatively lifelike and durable, silicone tails are skin-safe and inert in most environments once cured.
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suits to be later replaced by digital mermaids. Mermaid corpses were depicted by plaster models. The design tried to avoid the traditional representations of mermaids in paintings and literature, instead going for a scaly body with a translucent membrane inspired by both jellyfish and the fabric
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A feature that is especially helpful to connect the community is a map - the "MerLocator" - on which every person registering on the platform is marked, making it easy for people to find and connect with each other. Similarly, this map shows "mer-friendly" pools and swimming locations. This is
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In many countries, people can now join mermaid swimming classes, where they learn how to swim in mermaid tails. The
Mermaid Kat Academy was the world's first mermaid school that made mermaiding accessible to everyone and opened in August 2012. Shortly after that the Philippine Mermaid Swimming
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Although the vast majority of mers swim in their tails, a small handful of members of the mermaiding subculture do not actually swim. These mers might wear tails to raise awareness for ocean conservation issues, dry land cosplay, or as character performers at children's parties. This does not
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During the later part of the 2000s and up through about 2012–2013, partial tin-cure latex or tin-cure silicone spread over a neoprene or neoprin base became popular, due to the increased realism of the tails and the relatively low cost of materials (tin-cure tails generally retail around US$
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Tails can be made out of almost any material, from fabric to platinum cure silicone, and are priced accordingly, from $ 100 to several thousand dollars. Several tailmaking companies are currently operating, in addition to a vibrant "do it yourself" scene. Secondhand tails are frequently sold
981:. It is a popular material for tails due in part to its thickness, which creates a smooth line, rendering the tail more lifelike; it is also waterproof and fairly durable. Like fabric, neoprene can be painted and customized. It is often used as the base for sequin tails due to its strength.
530:, Hannah played a mermaid who falls in love with a human. She could walk on dry land in human form, but her legs changed into a fish tail whenever she got wet. Much of the movie revolves around her humorous attempts to conceal her true identity from her lover. A made-for-television sequel,
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is sometimes used as a tail material. It can be molded into scale shapes, and gives a more lifelike impression than fabric, particularly when poured or otherwise affixed onto a neoprene backing. Some of the earliest tails available on the market were made of the same type of latex used in
551:. The tail was fully functional. Hannah swam with the mermaid tail so fast that her safety team could not keep pace with her. According to the DVD documentary, Hannah had been swimming "mermaid" style with her legs bound together since she was a child, due to her fascination with
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The bans did not come without criticism. Some contended that it would be better to emphasize safety and supervision while using the tails, rather than banning them outright. A few others suggested that having mermaiders pass swim tests would also be a viable alternative to bans.
1126:, especially when they are not highly experienced swimmers. In 2015, a YouTube video surfaced in which a mother had to come over and rescue her daughter, who was drowning in a backyard pool after trying to do a flip while wearing a mermaid tail. Even as the video, which had gone
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The phenomenon of mermaiding is most notably active in the United States and Asia, where regular conventions and competitions have become part of the countries' cultures. Outside of these areas, mermaiding is also present, but not as known by the majority of the population.
1161:, mermaids fully expose their ears to water, subjecting them to ear pain and infection. The water they swim in may also contain bacteria that subjects them to waterborne illnesses and infections. Other potential minor health issues that mermaids can experience include foot
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numerous times. She also nearly drowned after not being able to find the trap door in the ceiling of a tank. The walls and ceiling were painted black and the trap door blended in. Williams was pulled out only because a member of the crew realized the door was not opening.
559:" story. However, by the standards of swimmable mermaid tails, the exceptionally detailed film tail was difficult to remove. For the sake of efficiency, Hannah at first kept it on while the cast had lunch. In the documentary contained on the 20th-anniversary
878:- however, due to problems that come along with forums (particularly bot activity and forums itself being limited to what they can offer in terms of community management and engagement), this is no longer being actively used by the majority of mermaids.
1036:, is a relatively durable material, and with proper care can last for years without need of repair. Currently, the only tailmaker working in urethane is Thom Shouse, owner of Mermaid Rentals and member of the original SFX team that created the tail for
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has provided an alternative: It seeks to be the one-stop-shop for mermaiding across the globe, connecting everything and everyone related to mermaiding in one modern platform that you can use both from the web, as well as via an app on
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due to the nature of crafting the tails and other prosthetics used by practitioners. There are several tail-making companies supplying the community with everything from fabric tails to full SFX prostheses costing thousands of dollars.
233:, which went on to become her nickname while at MGM. Williams left MGM in 1956 and appeared in a handful of unsuccessful feature films, followed by several extremely popular water-themed television specials, including one from
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has hosted a mermaid show since 1947. Swimmers, trained by Newton Perry, performed synchronised ballet in the natural springs at the site. The resort was purchased and promoted by the
American Broadcasting Co. (ABC) in 1959.
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attached to footpockets for both of the diver's feet. They have become popular with the mermaiding community due to excellent propulsion during swimming and their realistically mermaidish silhouette. Monofins can be made of
724:, who created digital ships and environment extensions, such as changing weather and designing cliffs and waterfalls. Filming the mermaids involved eight model-actresses, who portrayed them outside the water, as well as 22
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DVD, Tom Hanks recalled how the other cast members would drop French fries over the side of the tank to her as though she were a trained sea mammal, for she could not leave the water while her legs were "shrink-wrapped".
696:, it accounted for an increase in mermaid popularity upon its release, and includes a central mermaid character. However, no actual tails were used during filming; they were added during the editing process with CGI.
1998:
Werner
Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn and Ralf Krüger "Rubber, 4. Emulsion Rubbers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
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and was in a body cast for seven months. She subsequently recovered, although she continued to suffer headaches as a result of the accident. Her many hours spent submerged in a studio tank resulted in ruptured
158:(1911), in which she was the first actress to wear a swimmable mermaid costume on film. She designed her own mermaid swimming costumes and sometimes made them herself. Similar designs are still used by The
676:, Australia. There were three different tails used in the production, including an animatronic model that was operated remotely. At least one of the others was a fully swimmable tail worn by the actress.
248:, contained elaborately staged synchronized swimming scenes, with considerable risk to Williams. She broke her neck filming a 115 ft dive off a tower during a climactic musical number for the film
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The practice of mermaiding, especially by young children, has also raised safety concerns about how wearing and swimming in a tail may actually make it harder for children to swim and/or easier to
737:. To make the mermaids more menacing underwater, the faces of the actresses had some digital touch-ups on the underwater scenes, adding sharper teeth and a shimmery fish scale quality on the skin.
749:(2006): this TV series involves three teenage girls who, after encountering a mysterious island grotto, transform into mermaids whenever water touches any part of their bodies. A spin-off series,
357:, who also wrote the play of the same name from which the film was adapted. Denis Waldock provided additional dialogue. A light comedy, the film is about a beautiful and playful mermaid played by
827:(aka Medusirena Marina) are six of the most successful mermaid performers in the world. Today, many mermaid performers work at aquariums, casinos, or tourist attractions professionally. Some
433:. "Million Dollar Mermaid" not only became Esther Williams' nickname around Hollywood, but it became the title of her autobiography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), co-written with
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part in mermaid-themed photo shoots, birthday parties, or mermaid meetings with other Mers. Mermaiding is popular with all ages and genders. Mermaiding practitioners are sometimes called
2491:: "When I was working with the whales, if I had tried too hard to just get in their space they could kind of twitch and a little twitch could completely bowl me over and break my neck."
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Professional mermaids also encounter safety risks. In general, they must contend with having only a limited amount of oxygen to swim and stay underwater, as they traditionally eschew
544:. Immensely popular, the film precipitated a surge in popularity of mermaids in general and mermaiding in particular, as it inspired many people to buy tails and get into the water.
766:, which depicted the experiences of mermaids in the United States, some historically prominent and some still gaining traction in the community. The series mostly focused on the
177:(8 August 1921 – 6 June 2013) was an American competitive swimmer and actress. Williams set multiple national and regional swimming records in her late teens as part of the
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For simplicity's sake, this section focuses on film and shows with live-action swimmers and tails as the main characters. For an exhaustive list of mermaids in media, please see
572:(1994): this Hong Kong romantic-comedy tells the story of a school teacher who falls in love with a mermaid who'd rescued him as a young boy. The film stars Asian cinema idols
1130:, made efforts to express that mermaid tails can still be fun to play in with proper safety and supervision, various swimming pools in several countries, including Australian
969:. Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability, and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. It is used in a wide variety of applications, such as laptop sleeves,
774:, Mermaid Sparkles, Morgana Alba, Chè Monique, and the Red River Merman. The miniseries covered the mermaids' personal lives, careers as performers, and participation in
120:, and inspired others to follow her example. In 1902, Kellerman decided to take her swimming seriously and subsequently won the ladies' 100 yards and mile championships of
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It is difficult to determine exactly where the term "mermaiding" was coined; but some of the first professional freelance mermaids appeared on the world scene around 2004,
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that occur as their tightly packed feet rub against the insides of the tail costume, muscle cramps in the legs from strenuous swimming movements in the tail costume,
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is the story of a fisherman who brings home a mermaid disguised as an invalid in a wheelchair. Her flirting causes some chaos and eventually she returns to the sea.
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For safety reasons, it is recommended that beginners not create their own monofins from scratch. Some materials that have been used in monofins, such as acrylic or
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after the show's move from New York City to San
Francisco. While in the city, she spent five months swimming alongside Olympic gold medal winner and
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and as a result these tails can be quite expensive. Variation is nearly unlimited due to the amounts and types of sequins available on the market.
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in swimming pool water, along with cold and flu-like symptoms and minor respiratory problems induced from being in cold water. Mermaids who wear
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that is strapped to and extends from the wearer's feet. The stiff fin provides structure for the fluke as well as propulsion during swimming.
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in the record times of 1 minute, 22 seconds and 33 minutes, 49 seconds respectively. In that same year, her parents decided to move to
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596:(1999): a teen learns that his birth mother is a mermaid after he begins to grow fins and slimy scales on his thirteenth birthday.
219:, Williams made a series of films in the 1940s and early 1950s known as "aquamusicals", which featured elaborate performances with
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is sometimes sewn onto the ends of flukes to give a greater impression of flow, or onto the hip area as decorative pectoral fins.
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can be customized with paint. Other fabrics are often added to the tails in strategic locations for added flair; for instance,
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The basic structure of the tail is that of a sleeve or tube that encompasses the legs from ankle to waist, enclosing fins or a
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as a trio of mermaid sisters who band together to avenge their father's death. The film is also known in other languages as
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652:) who is washed ashore after a violent storm. She decides to search for true love on land, and makes two good friends (
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The
Million Dollar Mermaid: An Autobiography, By Esther Williams, Digby Diehl, Published by Harcourt Trade, 2000,
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visual effects supervisor Simon
Stanley-Clamp claimed that the most difficult part was doing the effects in 3D: "
201:. Williams caught the attention of MGM scouts at the Aquacade. After appearing in several small roles, alongside
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is also not recommended, as it will crack and snap under pressure, rendering the monofin useless and dangerous.
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In June–July 1903 Kellermann performed sensational high dives in the Coogee scene of Bland Holt's spectacular,
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are also featured in the film. Glynis Johns and Margaret Rutherford reprised their roles in the 1954 sequel,
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1042:. It is thought that he uses a urethane-latex mix, although he has never released his formula to the public.
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are also subject to several toxic health effects that the chemicals of such material impart (see above).
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1747:"INTERVIEW: PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN VFX Art Director Aaron McBride on Creating the Film's Mermaids"
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Daryl Hannah's mermaid tail was designed and created by Academy Award-winning visual effects artist
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1925:"Meet MeduSirena W. Marina Anderson | Underwater Performer and "Mermaid" performance Pioneer"
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and diving. In 1952, Williams appeared in her only biographical role, as Australian swimming star
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640:(Argentina). Some of the tails used in the production have been sold to professional mermaids.
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The first platform trying to provide one central space for mermaids to connect online is
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In 2008, Weeki Wachee Springs was incorporated into the State of Florida Park system.
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1795:"MerPeople review – you will want only good things for these kind, gentle mermaids"
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1769:"Meet Chè Monique, the Mermaid Trailblazing for Size Inclusivity Under the Water"
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2323:"Mermaid-tail swimsuits banned by New Zealand city of Auckland over safety risk"
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1624:"Behind the Lens: A look at VFX in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
1384:(Autobiography) (First ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 285.
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encounters several mermaids. This film is included in this list because, like
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2452:"South African 'mermaid' nearly dies after fin gets stuck during performance"
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is a mermaid character based on graphic novelist Mars Ravelo's creation in
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Mermaids also incur various health risks while immersed in water. Without
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See real-life mermaid Hannah Fraser swim with whales in stunning pictures
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has to be spot on." The lead companies, with over 300 effects each, were
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star, film actress and writer. She was one of the first women to wear a
108:(6 July 1886 – 6 November 1975) was an Australian professional swimmer,
2226:"'Mermaid tails' banned in some local pools, many small swimmers upset"
2207:"CBS12 Investigates the mermaid tail toy; made for fantasy, not safety"
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after her 1917 performance of a water ballet in a glass tank at the
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Academy and several other mermaid schools opened around the world.
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2411:"Mermaid health – identifying health issues related to mermaiding"
1273:"Portland woman lives out mermaid fantasy | kgw.com Portland"
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Mermaids, including her aquatic fairy costume first introduced in
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2368:"Mermaid fins could pose safety risk to inexperienced swimmers"
2170:"Mermaid tails at public pools seem like a recipe for disaster"
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52:) is the practice of wearing, and often swimming in, a costume
2022:. Du Pont Performance Elastomers. October 2003. Archived from
1704:"Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides production notes"
1318:, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
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Within the community, mermaid or merfolk can be shortened to "
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Walsh, G. P., 'Kellermann, Annette Marie Sarah (1886–1975)',
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987:: In this variation on fabric and neoprene tails, individual
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from a screenplay by Everett Freeman. The music score was by
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Woman wearing a costume mermaid tail (Miami, Florida, 2003).
2349:"Mermaid tail enthusiasts cry foul over Edmonton pool bans"
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and stars Serah D'Laine, Nikita Ager and Australian model
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2304:"Sorry tail: mermaids banned from public swimming pools"
1682:"MPC's pirates & their ships sail on Stranger Tides"
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preclude them from being active in the wider community.
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Located an hour north of Tampa on Florida's Gulf Coast,
823:(aka Mermaid Kat), Elle Jimenez (aka Mermaid Elle) and
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Reader's Digest Services, "Record-breaking swimmers",
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athletes and a group of stuntwomen, both of whom wore
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is tricky. Cleaning up plates is double the work, and
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the tails around that time and in the years to come.
2504:"Under the Sea With Real Life Mermaid Hannah Fraser"
2142:"The $ 16 Million Battle Over Mermaid Tail Blankets"
437:. Williams has often called this her favorite film.
185:
because of the outbreak of World War II, she joined
704:, which were done by ten visual effects companies.
902:easily network and find each other and get found.
604:(2003): this 2003 television film was directed by
440:
1299:Australia's Yesterdays: a Look at Our Recent Past
87:". Mermaiding is often seen as a form of extreme
2575:
2480:"Splash! Real-Life Mermaids Seek Beauty of Deep"
2277:"'Mermaid' banned from Bromsgrove swimming pool"
1356:
2140:Bhasin, Kim; Mosendz, Polly (12 January 2016).
2569:Business Week article on professional mermaids
934:: Due to their great elasticity and strength,
2139:
1986:"MerNetwork – Explanations of Tail Materials"
1959:Hot Spots Philippine Mermaid Swimming Academy
1597:"Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
1849:"Meet the women making a living as mermaids"
1381:The Million Dollar Mermaid: An Autobiography
660:) along the way. The film, loosely based on
2516:
2249:
2204:
1841:
1540:"What Are Some Good Mermaid-Themed Movies?"
1233:
681:Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
33:A mermaid performance in Jakarta, Indonesia
2387:"A day in the life of a Las Vegas mermaid"
1732:Under the Scene: Bringing Mermaids to Life
1567:"The Making of 'Pirates of the Caribbean'"
1239:
648:(2006): the title character is a mermaid (
2426:
2404:
2402:
2400:
1651:"A Splash of Mermaids for Fourth Pirates"
491:Learn how and when to remove this message
328:Learn how and when to remove this message
2517:Khorakiwala, Ameera (26 December 2015).
1724:
1648:
1615:
1564:
1377:
841:
799:
405:of the life of Australian swimming star
261:
189:, where she took on the role vacated by
28:
20:
2477:
2408:
2384:
2009:
1992:
1745:Houston, Kimberly (16 September 2011).
1744:
1626:. Creative COW Magazine. Archived from
1621:
1558:
462:not related to the topic of the article
299:not related to the topic of the article
2576:
2397:
2321:Roy, Eleanor Ainge (14 January 2016).
2223:
2167:
2125:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2079:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1792:
1679:
2346:
2250:Butterfield, Michelle (12 May 2015).
1696:
1363:"Esther Williams Queen of Aquacade".
1309:
1307:
762:released a documentary series titled
16:Swimming dressed in a mermaid costume
2519:"Underwater with Hannah the Mermaid"
2366:King, Robin Levinson (12 May 2015).
2365:
2301:
1270:
861:
668:, and directed by American director
444:
281:
181:swim team. Unable to compete in the
100:
2544:"Beyond the Cage of Fear - Trailer"
2449:
2320:
2188:"Girl in Mermaid Fins Saved By Mom"
923:privately or through sites such as
209:film, and future five-time co-star
13:
2252:"Edmonton Pools Ban Mermaid Tails"
2017:"Technical information — Neoprene"
1410:
1316:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1304:
1112:
965:produced by the polymerization of
684:(2011): during his search for the
662:a children's book of the same name
169:
14:
2605:
2562:
2478:Launier, Kimberly (1 June 2010).
2385:Medrano, Monica (22 April 2014).
1565:Galloway, Stephen (10 May 2011).
1291:
2450:Lee, Elaine (30 November 2023).
2224:McAdam, Jeff (10 January 2018).
1911:"Mermaid Shows at the Wreck Bar"
1242:"Odd Jobs: Professional Mermaid"
1169:caused by continual exposure to
1145:
449:
286:
2536:
2510:
2496:
2471:
2443:
2378:
2359:
2340:
2314:
2295:
2269:
2243:
2217:
2205:Quirantes, Liz; Donith, Jamil.
2198:
2180:
2161:
2133:
2087:
2041:
1978:
1964:
1951:
1931:
1917:
1903:
1894:
1881:
1866:
1820:
1786:
1761:
1738:
1673:
1642:
1622:Kaufman, Debra (29 June 2011).
1589:
1532:
1512:
1471:
1460:
584:. The film is loosely based on
441:Cinema and television post-1980
240:Many of her MGM films, such as
116:, instead of the then-accepted
2302:Butt, Craig (1 January 2016).
2168:French, Alicia (22 May 2015).
1649:Desowitz, Bill (24 May 2011).
1371:
1323:
1264:
1174:
1:
1939:Mermaid Kat Academy Australia
1271:Gibb, Abbey (1 August 2012).
1226:
871:truly live out this passion.
536:, followed in 1988, starring
471:or discuss this issue on the
308:or discuss this issue on the
130:Mentone Girls' Grammar School
106:Annette Marie Sarah Kellerman
2347:Purdy, Chris (31 May 2015).
1889:Mermaid Kat Official Website
1793:Mangan, Lucy (23 May 2023).
1680:Failes, Ian (14 June 2011).
917:
905:
718:Industrial Light & Magic
50:artistic mermaid performance
7:
2594:Mermaids in popular culture
1573:. p. 2. Archived from
1367:. 13 May 1940. p. A12.
1331:"Kellermann for Hippodrome"
1184:
1117:
1052:
507:Mermaids in popular culture
139:The Breaking of the Drought
10:
2610:
2409:Guitton, Matthieu (2017).
2194:. Breastfeeding Mama Talk.
1837:marsravelodarna.tripod.com
831:wear mermaid tails to add
702:computer-generated imagery
393:The One Piece Bathing Suit
128:, and she was enrolled at
95:
1972:"MerNetwork – Tailmakers"
1599:. Cinefex. Archived from
1378:Williams, Esther (1999).
1301:, 2nd edition, 1974 p.193
1275:. Kgw.com. Archived from
1240:Spitznagel, Eric (2012).
780:King and Queen of the Sea
179:Los Angeles Athletic Club
114:one-piece bathing costume
2005:10.1002/14356007.o23_o01
1900:(www.themermaidelle.com)
700:employed 1,112 shots of
429:and the choreography by
425:, the cinematography by
235:Cypress Gardens, Florida
150:. She has a star on the
1944:31 January 2016 at the
1655:Animation World Network
1467:Splash, Too (1988) (TV)
1079:underwater orienteering
752:Mako: Island of Secrets
553:Hans Christian Andersen
277:
1571:The Hollywood Reporter
1424:. Weeki Wachee Springs
1320:accessed 24 March 2012
1032:: Urethane, a type of
881:In 2022, the platform
850:
722:Moving Picture Company
654:Joanna "JoJo" Levesque
622:Mermaids – Las sirenas
388:Million Dollar Mermaid
250:Million Dollar Mermaid
242:Million Dollar Mermaid
230:Million Dollar Mermaid
152:Hollywood Walk of Fame
60:synchronized routine.
34:
26:
2428:10.5603/IMH.2017.0003
2391:The Los Angeles Times
2355:. The Canadian Press.
1520:"The Thirteenth Year"
1211:Synchronized swimming
1196:Weeki Wachee, Florida
845:
819:(aka Mermaid Grace),
800:Professional mermaids
726:synchronized swimming
460:may contain material
413:. It was directed by
395:in the UK) is a 1952
297:may contain material
262:Weeki Wachee Mermaids
221:synchronized swimming
187:Billy Rose's Aquacade
144:synchronized swimming
77:professional mermaids
40:(also referred to as
32:
24:
2230:FOX13 Salt Lake City
1711:Walt Disney Pictures
1577:on 19 September 2011
1175:latex tin-cure tails
469:improve this section
306:improve this section
268:Weeki Wachee Springs
183:1940 Summer Olympics
175:Esther Jane Williams
160:Weeki Wachee Springs
2283:. 26 September 2017
2029:on 18 November 2017
1603:on 16 November 2012
1279:on 3 September 2012
973:braces, electrical
593:The Thirteenth Year
569:Mermaid Got Married
419:Arthur Hornblow Jr.
397:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
371:Margaret Rutherford
148:New York Hippodrome
79:, or occasionally,
42:artistic mermaiding
1927:. 2 February 2022.
1827:Mars Ravelo Tripod
1661:on 17 October 2012
1337:. 3 January 1917.
1335:The New York Times
1065:typically used in
851:
557:The Little Mermaid
361:and her effect on
345:is a 1948 British
199:Johnny Weissmuller
35:
27:
2457:The Straits Times
1878:, 27 October 2013
1749:. The Daily BLAM!
1630:on 12 August 2011
1500:Missing or empty
1456:978-0-15-601135-8
1391:978-0-15-601135-8
1365:Los Angeles Times
1191:Sip 'n Dip Lounge
1067:underwater sports
963:synthetic rubbers
862:Mermaid Community
746:O: Just Add Water
698:On Stranger Tides
686:Fountain of Youth
630:Seireenisiskokset
626:Oi treis gorgones
582:Takeshi Kaneshiro
522:(1984): starring
501:
500:
493:
407:Annette Kellerman
338:
337:
330:
246:Jupiter's Darling
225:Annette Kellerman
101:Annette Kellerman
81:water ballerinas.
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1657:. Archived from
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1542:. Archived from
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1406:on 22 July 2014.
1402:. Archived from
1375:
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1259:
1257:
1248:. Archived from
1237:
1034:synthetic rubber
945:chiffon (fabric)
876:"The MerNetwork"
818:
804:Mermaid Linden,
672:, was filmed in
496:
489:
485:
482:
476:
453:
452:
445:
427:George J. Folsey
417:and produced by
333:
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164:Queen of the Sea
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2107:on 24 July 2015
2104:
2097:
2095:"Archived copy"
2093:
2092:
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2062:
2061:on 6 March 2015
2058:
2051:
2049:"Archived copy"
2047:
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2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1997:
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1946:Wayback Machine
1936:
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1832:2 July 2007 at
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1546:on 5 April 2015
1538:
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1489:
1480:Cinefantastique
1477:
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1422:weekiwachee.com
1416:
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1253:
1252:on 4 April 2012
1238:
1234:
1229:
1187:
1152:scuba equipment
1148:
1120:
1115:
1113:Safety concerns
1055:
1023:silicone rubber
959:polychloroprene
920:
908:
864:
812:
802:
745:
670:Elizabeth Allen
497:
486:
480:
477:
466:
454:
450:
443:
411:Esther Williams
391:(also known as
355:Peter Blackmore
353:and written by
334:
323:
317:
314:
303:
291:
287:
280:
264:
216:A Guy Named Joe
172:
170:Esther Williams
122:New South Wales
103:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
2607:
2597:
2596:
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2563:External links
2561:
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2506:. 18 May 2012.
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1528:. 15 May 1999.
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1030:Urethane tails
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1005:latex clothing
993:
982:
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919:
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904:
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806:Hannah Mermaid
801:
798:
776:Virgin Voyages
743:
730:motion capture
636:(France), and
499:
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457:
455:
448:
442:
439:
431:Busby Berkeley
423:Adolph Deutsch
367:Googie Withers
363:Griffith Jones
349:, directed by
336:
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65:Hannah Mermaid
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967:chloroprene
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821:Katrin Gray
813: [
794:Philippines
790:GMA Network
710:Rotoscoping
650:Sara Paxton
632:(Finland),
542:Todd Waring
538:Amy Yasbeck
533:Splash, Too
435:Digby Diehl
351:Ken Annakin
347:comedy film
211:Van Johnson
156:The Mermaid
2578:Categories
2463:5 December
2332:11 January
2287:11 January
2261:11 January
2235:11 January
2153:12 January
1283:28 October
1227:References
1216:Freediving
975:insulation
971:orthopedic
849:mermaiding
829:freedivers
825:Medusirena
810:Grace Page
674:Queensland
645:Aquamarine
628:(Greece),
616:(Brazil),
574:Ekin Cheng
207:Andy Hardy
133:Aquarium.
118:pantaloons
110:vaudeville
38:Mermaiding
1807:0261-3077
1684:. fxguide
1418:"History"
1343:0362-4331
1159:swim caps
1103:plexiglas
998:: Molded
918:Materials
906:Equipment
883:"MerMapp"
847:Filipinas
782:pageant.
772:Blixunami
768:Mertailor
764:MerPeople
624:(Spain),
606:Ian Barry
528:Tom Hanks
473:talk page
310:talk page
126:Melbourne
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2523:Impakter
2484:ABC News
2437:28357831
2353:CBC News
2281:BBC News
2174:SheKnows
2121:cite web
2075:cite web
1942:Archived
1872:Mirror:
1830:Archived
1812:3 August
1778:3 August
1428:11 March
1400:43706619
1185:See also
1171:chlorine
1167:red eyes
1163:blisters
1118:Children
1069:such as
1053:Monofins
1046:Blankets
979:wetsuits
955:Neoprene
951:Neoprene
786:Dyesebel
714:tracking
706:Cinesite
601:Mermaids
255:eardrums
166:(1918).
73:mermaids
2589:Cosplay
2550:8 March
2546:. Vimeo
2528:8 March
2308:The Age
2192:YouTube
2111:9 April
2065:9 April
2033:8 April
1853:Fortune
1716:29 July
1688:29 July
1665:29 July
1634:29 July
1607:29 July
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1550:7 April
1348:15 July
1201:Mermaid
1136:banning
1083:surface
1063:swimfin
1059:monofin
989:sequins
940:spandex
912:monofin
888:Android
835:to the
833:novelty
792:in the
760:Netflix
638:Sirenas
634:Sirènes
614:Sereias
561:Splash!
381:Miranda
342:Miranda
96:History
89:cosplay
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1256:22 May
1039:Splash
932:Fabric
770:, the
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586:Splash
580:, and
519:Splash
513:Cinema
205:in an
197:star,
195:Tarzan
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2211:CBS12
2105:(PDF)
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1128:viral
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2127:link
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1525:IMDb
1506:help
1452:ISBN
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1396:OCLC
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1132:YMCA
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925:eBay
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