1096:
1476:
41:
401:
50:
1009:, which contains 100 Mende folktales in both the original Mende and in English translation. The introduction provides an overview of Mende culture along with detailed information about Mende storytelling traditions.
1001:
The
American anthropologist Marion Dusser de Barenne Kilson worked with Mende storytellers in Sierra Leone as a graduate student in 1959 and 1960 (her husband, the political scientist
1053:
Numuvuisia Kpɛlɛɛ ta ti le tɛ yɛ nduwɔ ya hu, tao ti nuvuu yei kɛɛ ti lɔnyi maa hɛwungɔ. Kiiya kɛɛ hindaluahu gɔɔla a yɛlɔ ti hun. Fale mahoungɔ ti ti nyɔnyɔhu hoi kia ndeegaa.
1062:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
1005:, was also conducting research in Sierra Leone at the time). Marion Kilson then returned to Sierra Leone in 1972 for further research and in 1976 she published
1853:
1613:
998:
Ralph Eberl-Elber, an
Austrian ethnologist, published two Mende tales with English translations as he heard them in Sierra Leone in the 1935.
2011:
1215:
Unseth, Peter (2011). "Invention of
Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization". In Fishman, Joshua A.; García, Ofelia (eds.).
412:, and the Mende script is considered a "failed script". The Bible was translated into Mende and published in 1959, in Latin script.
1846:
1012:
For Mende proverbs in Mende and
English translation, see "Some Mεnde Proverbs," an article published by M. Mary Senior in 1947.
995:, which contains 17 stories in Mende with facing-text English translations, along with 13 Mende songs (lyrics only, no music).
1123:
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20:
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2004:
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226:
2424:
2373:
1907:
129:
1368:
The Mende
Language, Containing Useful Phrases, Elementary Grammar, Short Vocabularies, Reading Materials.
1232:"African Script and Scripture: The History of the Kikakui (Mende) Writing System for Bible Translations"
2350:
2327:
654:
1576:
1862:
113:
1095:
2459:
2035:
1997:
1815:
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2098:
1040:
people of present-day
Georgia and their ancestors from Sierra Leone, beginning with the work of
2416:
2279:
1774:
2474:
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2116:
875:
1581:
1729:
1622:
1028:
205:
1480:
1475:
1381:
8:
1161:
1022:
787:
740:
404:). The script achieved widespread use for a time, but has largely been replaced with an
1479: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
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1962:
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301:
1297:
A Mende
Orthography Workshop: Ministry of Education, Freetown, January 21-25, 1980
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1002:
912:
383:
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1831:
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1124:"The national languages of Sierra Leone: A decade of policy experimentation"
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1947:
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60:
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1217:
The
Success–Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts
387:
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218:
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405:
287:
1989:
366:. Early systematic descriptions of Mende were by F. W. Migeod and
391:
336:
283:
64:
1412:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental Studies, University of London
1037:
340:
68:
1468:
Reader's Guide to
African Folktales at the Internet Archive
1308:
Pemagbi, Joe. 1991. "A guide to Mende orthography." SLADEA.
991:
In 1908, F.W.H. Migeod, a British civil servant, published
319:
310:
49:
606:
588:
525:
441:
286:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1323:(MA). East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University.
1066:(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
1500:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
1044:
who documented Gullah memories of the Mende language.
1582:
Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Mende (1916)
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313:
1453:
Royal Antelope and Spider: West African Mende Tales.
1219:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–32.
316:
1261:
Coble, Scott. n.d. "Mende." AboutWorldLanguages.com
1007:
Royal Antelope and Spider: West African Mende Tales
307:
304:
2446:
1577:PanAfrican L10n page on Mende, Bandi & Loko
1587:OLAC resources in and about the Mende language
2005:
1861:
1847:
1607:
1278:Systèmes alphabétiques des langues africaines
1032:and was the subject of the documentary film
1405:
1229:
374:decoded the language in her doctoral work.
2012:
1998:
1854:
1840:
1614:
1600:
1418:(1). Cambridge University Press: 223–234.
48:
1621:
1020:Mende was used extensively in the films
1365:Migeod, Frederick William Hugh (1908).
1121:
280:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
16:Mande language of southern Sierra Leone
2447:
1493:
1214:
1188:
1993:
1835:
1595:
1464:
1318:
1177:An Introduction to the Study of Mende
1532:
1487:
1399:
1374:
1335:
335:, with some speakers in neighboring
2019:
13:
1110:The Linguistics Student’s Handbook
1077:
1036:about the connections between the
986:
14:
2486:
1560:
1182:
21:Mende language (Papua New Guinea)
1474:
1094:
399:
377:
300:
39:
1458:
1444:
1359:
1312:
1301:
1290:
1266:
1189:Murphy, Patricia (1972-09-24).
1572:The Mende syllabary (Omniglot)
1465:Gibbs, Laura (25 March 2022).
1254:
1236:African Languages and Cultures
1223:
1208:
1169:
1154:
1115:
1102:
1057:
1047:
1:
1191:"Meeting of science, society"
1179:. Cambridge University Press.
1070:
624:
415:The Latin-based alphabet is:
1230:Tuchscherer, Konrad (1995).
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619:
98:2.5 million (2020–2021)
7:
1406:Eberl-Elber, Ralph (1939).
1347:Horniman Museum and Gardens
1321:Consonant Mutation in Mende
1319:Dwyer, David James (1969).
1015:
10:
2491:
355:in southern Sierra Leone.
78:South central Sierra Leone
18:
2465:Languages of Sierra Leone
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1971:
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1863:Languages of Sierra Leone
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1629:
1540:"THE LANGUAGE YOU CRY IN"
1263:(accessed 8 October 2014)
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331:) is a major language of
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1494:Senior, M. Mary (1947).
574:Mende has seven vowels:
19:Not to be confused with
1450:Kilson, Marion (1976).
1175:Crosby, Kenneth. 1944.
1034:The Language You Cry In
1122:Sengova, Joko (1987).
343:. It is spoken by the
268:This article contains
1567:Bibliography on Mende
1496:"Some Mεnde Proverbs"
1274:"Langue : mende"
1195:The Los Angeles Times
364:Mande language family
2470:Languages of Liberia
1886:Indigenous languages
1646:Indigenous languages
1623:Languages of Liberia
1386:Wien Geschichte Wiki
1160:Migeod, F. W. 1908.
1108:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
390:for Mende he called
206:Mende Kikakui script
1544:California Newsreel
1382:"Ralph Eberl-EIber"
1329:10.25335/e7tq-gp12
1163:The Mende language
1042:Lorenzo Dow Turner
993:The Mende Language
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2140:
2139:
1987:
1986:
1870:Official language
1829:
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1804:
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1630:Official language
1408:"Two Mende Tales"
1343:"F. W. H. Migeod"
1092:(27th ed., 2024)
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276:rendering support
272:phonetic symbols.
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2014:
2007:
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1972:Creole languages
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1506:(3). : 202–205.
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2460:Mande languages
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2028:Southeast Mande
2023:
2021:Mande languages
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368:Kenneth Crosby
360:tonal language
351:as a regional
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278:, you may see
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408:based on the
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384:Kisimi Kamara
378:Written forms
375:
373:
372:Ethel Aginsky
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353:lingua franca
350:
349:ethnic groups
347:and by other
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2475:Mende people
2401:
2351:Soso–Jalonke
2328:Soninke–Bozo
1932:
1691:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1503:
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1489:
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1460:
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1435:. Retrieved
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1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1371:pp. 200-271.
1366:
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1199:. Retrieved
1197:. p. 70
1194:
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983:
813:prenasalized
718:prenasalized
611:
605:
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452:
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422:
416:
414:
410:Latin script
381:
357:
345:Mende people
333:Sierra Leone
328:
296:
295:
267:
251:
149:
130:Southwestern
87:Mende people
61:Sierra Leone
34:Mɛnde yia /
2036:South Mande
1730:Glaro-Twabo
1388:(in German)
1112:, Edinburgh
1058:Translation
1048:Sample text
876:Approximant
386:invented a
358:Mende is a
282:instead of
140:Mende–Bandi
114:Niger–Congo
2449:Categories
2145:West Mande
2099:East Mande
1549:2024-08-11
1525:2024-08-11
1437:2024-08-11
1392:2024-08-11
1352:2024-08-11
1283:2019-02-14
1201:2024-04-20
1089:Ethnologue
1071:References
655:Labiovelar
625:Consonants
398: /
145:Mende–Loko
135:Mende–Loma
38: /
2374:Southwest
2252:Sininkere
1770:Tajuasohn
1735:Glio-Oubi
1512:0001-9720
1481:CC BY 4.0
1424:1356-1898
1248:0954-416X
1148:0001-9720
940:Close-mid
788:Affricate
741:Fricative
620:Phonology
388:syllabary
382:In 1921,
329:Mɛnde yia
253:Glottolog
237:ISO 639-3
219:ISO 639-2
83:Ethnicity
36:𞠗𞢱 𞡓𞠣
2417:Vai–Kono
2285:Mixifore
2230:Mandinka
2225:Kassonke
1483:license.
1166:. London
1016:In films
955:Open-mid
640:Alveolar
406:alphabet
288:Help:IPA
260:mend1266
171:Dialects
2364:Yalunka
2336:Soninke
2275:Kuranko
2235:Maninka
2220:Jahanka
2205:Bambara
2197:Manding
1963:Yalunka
1943:Sherbro
1928:Maninka
1913:Kuranko
1877:English
1682:Maninka
1654:Manding
1637:English
1520:1156011
1023:Amistad
913:Central
833:Lateral
667:Plosive
660:Glottal
645:Palatal
392:Kikakui
337:Liberia
284:Unicode
185:Wanjama
125:Western
65:Liberia
2387:Kpelle
2318:Seenku
2313:Jowulu
2295:Samogo
2270:Kakabe
2262:Mokole
2187:Tonjon
2132:Shanga
2122:Tyenga
1821:Merico
1755:Krumen
1750:Konobo
1720:Dewoin
1672:Kpelle
1518:
1510:
1432:607935
1430:
1422:
1246:
1146:
1128:Africa
1038:Gullah
898:Vowels
793:voiced
768:voiced
695:voiced
635:Labial
396:𞠀𞠁𞠂
341:Guinea
182:Sewawa
75:Region
69:Guinea
2407:Zialo
2402:Mende
2382:Bandi
2303:Banka
2247:Marka
2215:Dyula
2210:Bolon
2182:Ligbi
2107:Bissa
2089:Yaure
1958:Temne
1938:Pular
1933:Mende
1918:Limba
1903:Kissi
1784:Other
1775:Krahn
1760:Kuwaa
1740:Grebo
1715:Bassa
1692:Mende
1662:Bandi
1516:JSTOR
1428:JSTOR
1084:Mende
925:Close
908:Front
853:Nasal
821:ɲd͡ʒ
746:plain
733:ŋɡ͡b
672:plain
650:Velar
297:Mende
202:Latin
150:Mende
120:Mande
29:Mende
2425:Kono
2397:Loma
2392:Loko
2359:Susu
2341:Bozo
2308:Duun
2280:Lele
2240:Kita
2177:Jeri
2169:Jogo
2159:Bobo
2152:Bobo
2127:Samo
2117:Busa
2112:Boko
2079:Tura
2069:Mano
2064:Guro
2054:Gban
2044:Beng
1979:Krio
1953:Susu
1923:Loko
1908:Kono
1898:Klao
1893:Fula
1796:Kisi
1791:Gola
1765:Sapo
1745:Klao
1725:Gbii
1687:Mann
1677:Loma
1508:ISSN
1420:ISSN
1244:ISSN
1144:ISSN
1026:and
970:Open
918:Back
801:d͡ʒ
730:ŋ͡ɡ
725:n͡d
722:m͡b
710:ɡ͡b
687:k͡p
339:and
2430:Vai
2084:Wan
2074:Mwa
2059:Goo
2049:Dan
1948:Sua
1707:Kru
1697:Vai
1667:Dan
1325:doi
1136:doi
1086:at
616:.
571:.
270:IPA
244:men
227:men
179:Kpa
2451::
1542:.
1514:.
1504:17
1502:.
1498:.
1426:.
1416:10
1414:.
1410:.
1384:.
1345:.
1276:.
1238:.
1234:.
1193:.
1142:.
1132:57
1130:.
1126:.
976:a
964:ɔ
959:ɛ
949:o
944:e
934:u
929:i
885:j
880:w
866:ŋ
863:ɲ
860:n
857:m
839:l
772:v
762:h
753:s
750:f
707:ɡ
702:d
699:b
684:k
679:t
676:p
610:,
604:,
598:,
592:,
586:,
580:,
565:,
559:,
553:,
547:,
541:,
535:,
529:,
523:,
517:,
514:ny
511:,
505:,
499:,
493:,
490:kp
487:,
481:,
475:,
469:,
463:,
460:gb
457:,
451:,
445:,
439:,
433:,
427:,
421:,
370:.
176:Ko
116:?
67:,
63:,
2013:e
2006:t
1999:v
1855:e
1848:t
1841:v
1615:e
1608:t
1601:v
1552:.
1528:.
1471:.
1440:.
1395:.
1355:.
1331:.
1327::
1286:.
1250:.
1240:8
1204:.
1150:.
1138::
613:u
607:ɔ
601:o
595:i
589:ɛ
583:e
577:a
568:y
562:w
556:v
550:u
544:t
538:s
532:p
526:ɔ
520:o
508:n
502:m
496:l
484:k
478:j
472:i
466:h
454:g
448:f
442:ɛ
436:e
430:d
424:b
418:a
394:(
327:(
323:/
320:i
317:d
314:n
311:ɛ
308:m
305:ˈ
302:/
290:.
23:.
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