345:(knighted in 1895). Colonel Majendie was also from a very distinguished family, was Chief Inspector of Munitions (1871–1898) and was justly acclaimed for his persistent bravery as a bomb disposal expert. Majendie was also related by the marriage of his first cousin's daughter, Isabel Majendie Hill, to the alleged Ripper (in 1888 Isabel had married Reverend Charles Druitt, the first cousin of Montague). According to Macnaghten, Druitt's own family "believed" he was Jack the Ripper. Due to speculation in the press about another madman, Macnaghten wrote a confidential report dated 23 February 1894 naming Druitt as a Ripper suspect and placed it on file. This document, in its entirety, was not publicly available until 1975 (the section mentioning only the suspects had been published in 1966). The alternate version of this same document, believed by many to be a draft, has never been sighted by a researcher and is thought to be lost. Instead a copy of this second version was made by Macnaghten's daughter
411:, a Russian-born thief and con man who affected several aliases and disguises and was detained in asylums on several occasions. Again there is little to support this suspicion against Ostrog: records indicated that he was imprisoned in France during the murders. The fact that Ostrog was arrested and imprisoned before the report was written raises the question of why Ostrog was included at all as a viable suspect. A possible yet tenuous answer has been postulated involving Eton College. Ostrog had stolen from Macnaghten's beloved alma mater and the police chief may have included the Russian in his reports as a private act of revenge. From late 1894 Macnaghten had to know that Ostrog had been cleared of the Whitechapel crimes, yet he still persisted with his inclusion and, what is more, projection into the public sphere of Ostrog as a Ripper suspect (via literary cronies).
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murder on 9 November 1888. In fact, Druitt was functioning normally, at least outwardly, at his places of work and play until the end of
November 1888. This document also says that his family only "suspected" he was the Ripper. Since 1959 it has also been treated as a foundation stone of so-called "Ripperology" that the timing of Druitt's suicide, so soon after the final murder, was the threadbare reason Macnaghten considered him a suspect at all. Yet this ignores that the police chief in his memoir, and from the relative safety of retirement, revealed that Scotland Yard believed Whitechapel prostitute murders after 1888 were also by the Ripper. Years later Druitt came to his attention due to information received that was judged, by Macnaghten, to be so credible that post-1888 murders could not exonerate the tragic barrister.
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to be by the same perpetrator. In his memoir, Macnaghten claimed that information received "some years after" the final murder of 1888 led him to the belief that Jack the Ripper was a man who had taken his own life at the end of that year. The source of these "certain facts" that led to this "conclusion" is unidentified, though he implies in his book that it was the murderer's "own people", e.g. his relations who supposedly lived with him) who must have privately briefed the Chief
Constable. Macnaghten even titles his chapter on the Whitechapel murders: "Laying the Ghost of Jack the Ripper"; meaning that the deceased "fiend" had only haunted Londoners as they were in ignorance that the killer had been in his grave for several years.
361:, the field detective who led the investigation, did not believe that Druitt was the Ripper. Macnaghten also makes a mistake in describing the drowned suspect a "young doctor" or "medical student" (some writers have wondered if Abberline was perhaps confusing Druitt with a Whitechapel suspect in 1888 who was a young, medical student, named John Sanders). A controversial new line of argument is that the police chief was engaged in a campaign of "spin"; to both reveal and conceal the identity of the murderer. Commendably Macnaghten wanted the public to know that the Ripper was an English, gentile gentleman and not a poor, Jewish immigrant, yet he also supposedly conspired with the most famous writer of the day,
92:, a country doctor's son and young barrister who inexplicably drowned himself in the River Thames in early December 1888. The source of Macnaghten's alleged "private information" about Druitt has two candidates, both only uncovered in the early 21st century. One is a Tory politician, H. R. Farquharson, who lived near the Druitts and also went to Eton with Macnaghten, and the other is Colonel Sir Vivian Majendie, a very close friend of the police chief and whose clan was related to the Druitt family. It is likely both men, in succession, were the unnamed sources of information for the police chief regarding the drowned barrister being strongly suspected of being the Ripper by his closest relations.
349:, who allowed some of its contents to be publicly broadcast by television presenter Daniel Farson in 1959. The name of the chief suspect was not revealed until 1965, by the American journalist and author Tom Cullen. Why Macnaghten composed two versions remains the subject of controversy, speculation and historical debate among writers on the Ripper mystery (some have argued that the so-called Aberconway version is a rewrite of the 1894 original). This report proved influential for Jack the Ripper research, for it popularised the idea that the Ripper only had five true victims and also named three possible suspects.
404:, Anderson's desk officer. As with Druitt, definitive evidence is lacking to support this allegation, and both Anderson and Swanson also made errors about Kosminski, their preferred suspect (the most significant of which was to claim "Kosminski" was long deceased when he was still alive; they also claim he was positively identified by a Jewish witness who refused to testify, often thought to be Israel Schwartz, a claim publicly and explicitly rejected by police chief Major Henry Smith, and implicitly by Macnaghten via his proxies and in his memoirs).
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88:, the nickname of the unknown serial killer of poor prostitutes in London's impoverished East End during the late Victorian era. The police chief called the killer "that remarkable man", but refused to name him or divulge details that might identify him, except to reveal that he had taken his own life at the end of 1888. Macnaghten further claimed that he had destroyed the relevant papers to keep forever secret the deceased killer's identity. Since 1965, the public has known that Macnaghten's suspect was
341:, the member for West Dorset, was telling people in London that he knew the murderer to have been a surgeon's son who had committed suicide. This story leaked to the press, though it never became a sensation. Like Macnaghten, Farquharson was a member of the upper classes who had attended Eton College and owned estates in the Far East. Macnaghten also had a potentially personal conduit of accurate information about Druitt – a close friend at the Home Office, Colonel
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103:– the version which strongly advocated "M. J. Druitt" as the likeliest suspect to have been the Whitechapel assassin – that was revealed in 1959. Macnaghten's opinion that the case was likely solved, and that it was a "Protean" maniac who had taken his own life, had already been confirmed in his 1914 memoir, "Days of My Years" (London, Edward Arnold) though Druitt was not named (and no other suspects are mentioned as possibilities).
365:, to disguise the drowned, young barrister as a drowned, middle-aged surgeon. They did this to protect the late suspect's respectable relations (Sims was also an upper class friend of both Macnaghten and Majendie). In effect Macnaghten and Sims disguised Druitt as "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (even Druitt's family in Sims's regular column in "The Referee" were disguised as unnamed "friends" of the "mad doctor").
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on the authorities of being unable to catch the fiend. He alleges it caused the resignation of the Police
Commissioner and "... very nearly settled the hash of one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State." Macnaghten means the near-resignation of the Home Secretary, but Browne has perhaps misinterpreted these ambiguous words as an allusion to the assassination plot against Balfour.
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the latter as himself though unnamed and the former as Police
Commissioner Sir John Burney. Macnaghten also is arguably the model for the heroic private eye Edmund Blake who hunts the Whitechapel murderer in Guy Logan's 'The true history of Jack the Ripper' (1905) in which Montague Druitt is also disguised as Mortimer Slade. Macnaghten also appears in
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During his lifetime Sir
Melville Macnaghten was fictionalised in several novels. He appears as a character named Mr Johnson in George R. Sims' 'Dorcas Dene Detective' (1897) short stories. Both Macnaghten and George R. Sims appear in Marie Belloc-Lowndes 'The Lodger:A story of the London fog' (1911),
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Even though he missed being on the police force during the Ripper killings of 1888, Macnaghten was actively involved in the investigation of the murders of
Whitechapel prostitutes between 1889 and 1891. Crimes that were initially believed by some at Scotland Yard, and certainly by the tabloid press,
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from 1903 to 1913. A highly regarded and famously affable figure of the late
Victorian and Edwardian eras he played major investigative roles in cases that led to the establishment and acceptance of fingerprint identification. He was also a major player in the pursuit and capture of Dr. Crippen, and
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However, in 1911 Macnaghten was experiencing the first signs of ill-health; even a trip to
Australia the following year failed to improve matters. He was forced to retire from his job in 1913. Macnaghten's successor at Scotland Yard was Basil Thomson who had attended New College, Oxford at the same
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plots to assassinate
Balfour, Druitt is not known to have had any such connections and it is extremely unlikely that he did. It has been recently speculated that Browne may have taken too literally some lines by Macnaghten at the end of his Ripper chapter. Macnaghten exaggerates the negative impact
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It has been widely believed for over half a century that
Macnaghten, in writing from memory, committed many factual errors in his report regarding Druitt. For example, in the privately held version he inaccurately describes Druitt as a 41-year-old doctor who vanished immediately after the final
185:, allegedly due to the beating he took by "the Hindoos" back in Bengal; but the real reason seemed to be that Warren and Monro did not get along well from the beginning. Warren's rejection of Macnaghten widened the rift between the two men, resulting in Monro's resignation and his transfer to
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This line of argument is buttressed by the filed version of Macnaghten's report as he notably equivocates, writing that M. J. Druitt was only "said to be a doctor", whilst affirming that the suspect was definitely "sexually insane" and his family "believed" he was the killer. Notably,
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However, due to the continuous disagreements with Home Secretary Matthews, Commissioner Warren chose to resign on 9 November 1888. Monro was brought in to succeed him as Commissioner. With this turn of events, Macnaghten was brought in with the position of
126:. In his memoirs he describes his schooldays as the happiest of his life, even going so far as to write that he knew this to be so as he lived them. After leaving school in 1872, he went to India to run his father's tea estates in
555:. The book deals with the aftermath of the Ripper case and with Macnaghten's report. Trow misspells Macnaghten's name as "McNaghten" in his book and presents a fictional version of Macnaghten's daughter.
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largely on the basis on fingerprint evidence. He also claimed in his memoirs to have found the critical female witness who exonerated the falsely convicted
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and remained there until 1888, albeit with occasional visits back home. In 1881 he was assaulted by Indian land rioters and as a result, became a friend of
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to inquire about "the working of the method of Identification of Criminals by Measurement and Fingerprints". As the committee recommended the use of
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of the exoneration of a wrongly convicted man, Adolph Beck, which helped lead to the creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal in 1907.
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More recently, French writer Sophie Herfort has argued that Macnaghten himself was responsible for the Jack the Ripper murders.
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and was committed to an insane asylum in 1891. While not on the top of Macnaghten's list, Kosminski was suspected by Sir
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When he prematurely retired in 1913 due to illness, Macnaghten claimed to journalists that he knew the exact identity of
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Since 1959, Macnaghten has been known for a major report written in the 1890s on the Ripper case, naming three possible
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into English verse, an effort to which he devoted the last ten years of his life.
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A page from the Macnaghten memorandum of 1894, in which he names three suspects
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at the Irish Office." This reference is puzzling because, although there were
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time as Montague John Druitt, Macnaghten's preferred Ripper suspect.
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Upon his return to England, Macnaghten was offered the post of first
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On 3 October 1878 he married Dora Emily Sanderson, the daughter of a
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Spallek, A (February 2008). "The West of England MP-Identified".
871:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc North Carolina. pp. 211–212.
833:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc North Carolina. pp. 147–148.
677:"Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren DBE. 26 April 1927 — 7 July 2007"
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Macnaghten also features prominently in the later chapters of
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718:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc. North Carolina. p. 120.
996:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc North Carolina. p. 158.
971:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc North Carolina. p. 155.
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Metropolitan Police recipients of the Queen's Police Medal
665:, éditions Tallandier, 2007, réédition Points Seuil, 2008.
642:. Great Britain: The History Book Club. pp. 110–111.
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When Henry was appointed Commissioner in 1903, succeeding
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Macnaghten died on 12 May 1921 at Queen Anne's Mansions,
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The third suspect in Macnaghten's report was a man named
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Autumn of Terror-Jack the Ripper:His crimes and times
681:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
587:. 2 June 1913 – via British Newspaper Archive.
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Assistant Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis
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Assistant Commissioner (Crime), Metropolitan Police
247:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
157:. They had two sons and two daughters, among them
857:London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1956, p. 208.
804:Begg, Paul; Fido, Martin; Skinner, Keith (2010).
415:Later career, including as Assistant Commissioner
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169:Career in the Criminal Investigation Department
1471:English recipients of the Queen's Police Medal
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896:. USA: McFarland & Co Inc. p. 136.
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743:. London: The Bodley Head Ltd. p. 219.
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956:(Supplement). 31 December 1912. p. 4.
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783:. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 61–62.
321:List of proposed Jack the Ripper suspects
307:Learn how and when to remove this message
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675:Clarke, Ann; Johnson, Martin H. (2023).
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485:. He was also a Knight Commander of the
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183:Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
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161:, who married the MP and industrialist
27:British police commissioner (1853–1921)
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758:. Great Britain: Robson. p. 325.
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537:The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade
368:Curiously, Douglas G. Browne in his
337:In February 1891 a Conservative MP,
245:adding citations to reliable sources
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114:The youngest of fifteen children of
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808:. London: John Blake. p. 454.
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475:Companion of the Order of the Bath
435:, largely due to the testimony of
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505:In 1914 he published his memoirs
467:1907 King's Birthday Honours List
419:In 1900 Macnaghten served in the
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994:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
969:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
894:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
869:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
831:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
806:The complete Jack the Ripper A-Z
779:Macnaghten, Melville L. (1914).
716:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
615:Jack the Ripper-Case Solved 1891
509:. He also made a translation of
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1496:People educated at Eton College
1390:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
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74:Assistant Commissioner (Crime)
57:Sir Melville Leslie Macnaghten
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487:White Military Order of Spain
122:, Macnaghten was educated at
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439:on their respective merits.
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483:1913 New Years Honours List
471:1912 New Years Honours List
347:Christabel, Lady Aberconway
159:Christabel, Lady Aberconway
118:, the last Chairman of the
101:Christabel, Lady Aberconway
72:, London −12 May 1921) was
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452:Albert and Alfred Stratton
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120:British East India Company
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992:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
967:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
892:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
867:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
829:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
756:Jack the Ripper-The facts
714:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
663:Jack L'Éventreur démasqué
613:Hainsworth, J.J. (2015).
562:'s seminal graphic novel
497:Retirement and later life
477:(CB). He was awarded the
370:The Rise of Scotland Yard
339:Henry Richard Farquharson
203:Assistant Chief Constable
175:Assistant Chief Constable
1328:Goulston Street graffito
1256:Thomas Horrocks Openshaw
97:Jack the Ripper suspects
1261:George Bagster Phillips
1054:Frederick Shore Bullock
638:Farson, Daniel (1972).
600:Ripperologist Number 88
489:and a Commander of the
110:Early life and marriage
36:Sir Melville Macnaghten
1410:Jack the Ripper Museum
1354:Flower and Dean Street
1287:Charles Allen Lechmere
931:"The Official Lists",
693:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0053
491:Order of the Dannebrog
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530:Macnaghten in fiction
448:Hawley Harvey Crippen
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256:"Melville Macnaghten"
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1313:Saucy Jacky postcard
1234:Doctors and coroners
1029:Police appointments
916:"Birthday Honours",
739:Cullen, Tom (1965).
241:improve this article
163:Henry Duncan McLaren
90:Montague John Druitt
1415:Whitechapel murders
1395:Conspiracy theories
1225:Adolphus Williamson
1200:Melville Macnaghten
1170:Frederick Abberline
1037:Adolphus Williamson
853:Douglas G. Browne,
754:Begg, Paul (2006).
547:, the first of the
479:King's Police Medal
473:, he was appointed
444:Sir Edward Bradford
359:Frederick Abberline
207:Adolphus Williamson
78:Metropolitan Police
18:Melville MacNaghten
1251:Roderick Macdonald
1241:Wynne Edwin Baxter
953:The London Gazette
549:Inspector Lestrade
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1301:Letters and clues
1277:George Hutchinson
1139:Catherine Eddowes
1127:Canonical victims
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1078:Succeeded by
1051:Succeeded by
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978:978-0-7864-9676-1
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878:978-0-7864-9676-1
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140:Inspector-General
116:Elliot Macnaghten
16:(Redirected from
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948:"No. 28677"
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