179:. At the age of seven, Liston's mother purchased her a trombone and she began learning to play. Her family encouraged her musical pursuits, as they were all music lovers. Liston was primarily self-taught, but she was "encouraged by her guitar-playing grandfather", with whom she spent significant time learning to play spirituals and folk songs. At the age of eight, she was good enough to be a solo act on a local radio station. At the age of 10, she moved to
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341:. She worked with youth orchestras in Watts, California before accepting an invitation from the Government of Jamaica in 1973 to become the Director of Afro-American Pop and Jazz at the Jamaica School of Music. She returned to the U.S. in 1979 where she was honored at the first Women's Jazz Festival in Kansas City, Missouri, and the Salute to Women in Jazz in New York, later forming a new band, Melba Liston and Company.
231:, after being sought out personally by the bandleader for her talents as both a trombonist and as an arranger. Liston performed in a supporting role and was nervous when asked to take solos, but with encouragement she became more comfortable as a featured voice in bands, though it was her innovative jazz arrangements that legitimized her presence in a very male-dominated environment. She toured with
488:). Her instrumental parts demonstrate an active use of harmonic possibilities; although her arrangements suggest relatively subdued interest in the explorations of free jazz ensembles, they use an extended tonal vocabulary, rich with altered harmonic voicings, thick layering, and dissonance. Her work throughout her career has been well received by both critics and audiences alike.
475:
Her arrangements, especially those with Weston, show a flexibility that transcends her musical upbringing in the bebop 1940s, whether working in the styles of swing, post-bop, African musics, or Motown. Her command of rhythmic gestures, grooves, and polyrhythms is particularly notable (as illustrated
462:
She goes on to recount the struggles she experienced as an
African-American woman, which affected her musical career. However, she generally spoke positively about the camaraderie with and support from male musicians. Liston also dealt with larger issues of inequity in the music industry. One writer
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Liston's musical style reflects bebop and post-bop sensibilities learned from Dexter Gordon, Dizzy
Gillespie, and Art Blakey. Her earliest recorded work—such as Gordon's "Mischievous Lady" a tribute to her—her solos show a blend of motivic and linear improvisation, though they seem to make less use
138:(January 13, 1926 – April 23, 1999) was an American jazz trombonist, arranger, and composer. Other than those playing in all-female bands, she was the first woman trombonist to play in big bands during the 1940s and 1960s, but as her career progressed she became better known as an
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has said, "It was clear that she had to continually prove her credentials in order to gain suitable employment as a musician, composer, and arranger. She was not paid equitable scale and was often denied access to the larger opportunities as a composer and arranger."
455:
Liston was a female in a profession of mostly males. Although some consider her an unsung hero, she is highly regarded in the jazz community. Liston was a trailblazer as a trombonist, composer, and a woman. She articulated difficulties of being a woman on the road:
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Liston was already writing and arranging music while in high school and she viewed that work as the central contribution of her career, stating on numerous occasions throughout her life that she preferred writing music to playing and soloing.
459:"There's those natural problems on the road, the female problems, the lodging problems, the laundry, and all those kinda things to try to keep yourself together, problems that somehow or other the guys don't seem to have to go through."
435:
However, perhaps her most important work was written for Randy Weston, with whom she collaborated on and off for four decades from the late 1950s into the 1990. Her work with Weston has been compared to the collaborations of
293:, arranging compositions (primarily his own) for mid-size to large ensembles. This association, especially strong in the 1960s, would be rekindled in the late 1980s and 1990s until her death. In addition, she worked with
411:
Her early work with the high-profile bands of Count Basie and Dizzy
Gillespie shows a strong command of the big-band and bop idioms. She worked as an arranger for numerous recording companies, especially
239:(1949) but was so profoundly affected by the indifference of the audiences and the rigors of the road that she gave up playing and turned to education. Liston taught for about three years.
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Liston worked as a "ghost writer" during her career. According to one writer, "Many of the arrangements found in the
Gillespie, Jones, and Weston repertoires were accomplished by Liston."
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367:
She was forced to give up playing in 1985 after a stroke left her partially paralyzed, but she continued to arrange music with Randy Weston. In 1987, she was awarded a
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After suffering repeated strokes, Liston died in Los
Angeles, California on April 23, 1999, a few days after a tribute to her and Randy Weston's music at
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Liston joined the
Musicians Union (Local 474, the Colored Musicians Union) at the age of 16 in order to accept her first professional job with the
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pit band. She and Dexter Gordon began playing music together at the ages of fourteen and seventeen, respectively, and she recorded with
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She took a clerical job for some years and supplemented her income by taking work as an extra in
Hollywood, appearing with
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313:. In 1964, she helped establish the Pittsburgh Jazz Orchestra. In 1971 she was chosen as musical arranger for
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1990:, Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles.
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Barg, Lisa; Kernodle, Tammy; Spencer, Dianthe; Tucker, Sherrie (Spring 2014). "Introduction".
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for three years, she decided to become a professional musician and joined the big band led by
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1657:"Not One to Toot Her Own Horn(?): Melba Liston's Oral Histories and Classroom Presentations"
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270:(1957), and formed an all-women quintet in 1958. In 1959, she visited Europe with the show
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2008:
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Miller, S. L. (1992). "Randy Weston & Melba Liston: Together Again, Miraculously".
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During her time in
Jamaica, she composed and arranged music for the 1975 comedy film
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1521:"Black Women Working Together: Jazz, Gender, and the Politics of Validation"
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Price III, Emmett G. (Spring 2014). "Melba Liston: Renaissance Woman".
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360:(1972). She also served as composer, arranger, and musical director of
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416:, and arranged scores for dozens of high profile musicians, including
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Kaplan, Erica (Summer 1999). "Melba Liston: It's All from My Soul".
1225:"Proving Herself: Melba Liston, Arranger And First Lady Of Trombone"
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in 1947. When Wilson disbanded his orchestra in 1948, Liston joined
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recording artist Calvin Scott, whose album was being produced by
1463:"Dexter Gordon and Melba Liston: The 'Mischievous Lady' Session"
1346:"Melba and Her Horn – Accomplishments of the Great Melba Liston"
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featured performances by Weston with Jann Parker, as well as by
258:(1956). Liston returned to Gillespie for tours sponsored by the
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354:, who three years earlier starred in the first Jamaican film,
1955:
Stormy
Weather: The Music and Lives of a Century of Jazzwomen
16:
American jazz trombonist, arranger, and composer (1926–1999)
2049:, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
2043:, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
855:- Music from the new African nations featuring the Highlife
98:
1822:"Melba Liston, 73, Trombonist and Prominent Jazz Arranger"
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1576:"Melba Liston: Respected first lady of the jazz trombone"
1313:"Melba D. Liston: First Woman Trombonist In Big Band Era"
1795:"Melba Liston: Trombonist, Arranger, Composer, Educator"
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In the late 1950s, she began collaborating with pianist
399:'s Afro-Cuban ensemble and by Lorenzo Shihab (vocals).
1263:. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research. pp. 413–415.
219:'s big band in New York, which included saxophonists
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O'Connell, Monica
Hairston; Tucker, Sherrie (2014).
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Mary Lou Williams Presents Black Christ of the Andes
2047:
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings
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146:. Other major artists with whom she worked include
191:. After playing in youth bands and studying with
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2000:"Melba Liston: A Sensitive and Daring Arranger"
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1948:Unsung: A History of Women in American Music
108:Musician, composer, arranger, music educator
2031:"Biography: Melba Liston – Jazz Trombonist"
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1101:Roll 'Em: Shirley Scott Plays the Big Bands
701:The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones: Live!
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1294:"Melba Liston; Jazz Trombonist, Composer"
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286:, released on October 1, 1961, by Verve.
1943:. Special issue devoted to Melba Liston.
1891:"Unsung Women of Jazz #6 – Melba Liston"
1889:Sitaraman, Nicole (September 25, 2011).
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1020:Bursting Out with the All-Star Big Band!
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305:, as well as working as an arranger for
278:was the music director. She accompanied
2073:20th-century African-American musicians
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1801:. National Endowment for the Arts. 1987
1741:"Smile Orange: Melba Liston in Jamaica"
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1631:. Johnson Publishing Company. June 1977
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472:of extended harmonies and alterations.
333:of the Jazz Crusaders, blues guitarist
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2098:20th-century American women composers
1960:Hughes, Langston. 1960. Liner notes,
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1625:"Whatever happened to...Melba Liston"
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2138:Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
2041:Guide to the Melba Liston Collection
1994:"Melba Liston: Bones of an Arranger"
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1260:Notable Black American Women: Book 2
681:Swiss Radio Days Jazz Series, Vol. 1
531:Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers
2078:20th-century African-American women
1909:"Melba Liston | Credits | AllMusic"
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1404:Sitaraman, Nicole Williams (n.d.).
762:Further Adventures of Jimmy and Wes
282:with the Quincy Jones Orchestra on
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794:Dinah Washington Sings Fats Waller
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1981:
1820:Watrous, Peter (April 30, 1999).
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2108:African-American women musicians
1950:, 2nd ed. Portland, OR: Amadeus.
1292:Oliver, Myrna (April 28, 1999).
1223:Johnson, David (June 15, 2015).
754:Jimmy & Wes: The Dynamic Duo
466:
325:. On this album she worked with
262:in 1956 and 1957, recorded with
2083:20th-century American composers
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1868:10.5406/blacmusiresej.34.1.0159
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1479:10.5406/blacmusiresej.34.1.0009
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1311:Jones, Jae (October 19, 2018).
373:National Endowment for the Arts
1344:Louise, Ava (April 10, 2018).
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1285:
1216:
1044:The Complete Town Hall Concert
491:
1:
2128:American women jazz musicians
2009:"Melba Liston and Her 'Bones"
1574:Vacher, Paul (May 17, 1999).
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607:The Ray Charles Story, Vol. 2
2133:Jazz musicians from Missouri
1941:Vol. 34, No. 1 (Spring 2014)
1937:Black Music Research Journal
1856:Black Music Research Journal
1745:Black Music Research Journal
1713:Black Music Research Journal
1661:Black Music Research Journal
1525:Black Music Research Journal
1467:Black Music Research Journal
1204:. London, UK. April 27, 1999
869:The Spirits of Our Ancestors
165:
7:
2088:20th-century jazz composers
1519:Kernodle, Tammy L. (2014).
777:Jimmy Smith Plays the Blues
574:Out There with Betty Carter
504:Melba Liston and Her 'Bones
10:
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2103:African-American Catholics
728:Quincy Plays for Pussycats
640:Dizzy Gillespie at Newport
183:. She was classmates with
2118:American jazz trombonists
1988:Interview of Melba Liston
1739:Spencer, Dianthe (2014).
600:The Genius of Ray Charles
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309:, appearing on albums by
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2123:American music arrangers
2093:20th-century trombonists
1946:Ammer, Christine. 2001.
1198:"Obituary: Melba Liston"
802:Dinah Sings Bessie Smith
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171:Early life and education
2113:American jazz composers
1461:Gordon, Maxine (2014).
1065:The Body & the Soul
403:Composing and arranging
369:Jazz Masters Fellowship
181:Los Angeles, California
88:Los Angeles, California
2035:The Heroine Collection
996:Afro/American Sketches
497:As leader or co-leader
43:Background information
2029:Liptrott, Josephine,
1957:. New York: Pantheon.
1410:The Girls in the Band
1032:Rhythm Is My Business
984:The Soul of Hollywood
925:Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis
836:Live at the Five Spot
524:As sidewoman or guest
260:U.S. State Department
177:Kansas City, Missouri
71:Kansas City, Missouri
2143:Women jazz composers
2037:, December 19, 2015.
1964:. (See discography.)
1255:Smith, Jessie Carney
1229:Indiana Public Media
1113:A Mann & A Woman
944:At Basin Street East
674:The Birth of a Band!
357:The Harder They Come
284:At Basin Street East
255:The Ten Commandments
136:Melba Doretta Liston
53:Melba Doretta Liston
1953:Dahl, Linda. 1984.
1598:Ginell, Richard S.
1163:That Lovin' Feelin'
937:Cannonball Adderley
770:Hoochie Coochie Man
556:Hold On, I'm Coming
540:Art Blakey Big Band
337:, and jazz drummer
321:'s first producer,
187:, and friends with
175:Liston was born in
1826:The New York Times
1368:The Antioch Review
1056:For Someone I Love
909:Tales of Manhattan
828:Destry Rides Again
746:Any Number Can Win
385:Harvard University
2148:Women trombonists
2026:with Randy Weston
1298:Los Angeles Times
1176:, Freddie Hubbard
1082:Mary Lou Williams
507:(MetroJazz, 1959)
426:Mary Lou Williams
387:. Her funeral at
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1037:Ella Fitzgerald
720:I/We Had a Ball
656:Dizzy in Greece
632:World Statesman
615:Dizzy Gillespie
582:I Can't Help It
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438:Billy Strayhorn
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397:Chico O'Farrill
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268:Jazz Messengers
217:Dizzy Gillespie
209:Lincoln Theater
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148:Dizzy Gillespie
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2013:All About Jazz
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1600:"Randy Weston"
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1437:"Melba Liston"
1435:Yanow, Scott.
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1406:"Melba Liston"
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1374:(3): 415–425.
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1350:All About Jazz
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280:Billy Eckstine
252:(1955) and in
237:Billie Holiday
227:, and pianist
225:Paul Gonsalves
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2024:Melba Liston
2018:Melba Liston
2012:
2004:The Scotsman
2003:
1973:
1969:
1962:Uhuru Afrika
1961:
1954:
1947:
1936:
1916:. Retrieved
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1832:February 14,
1830:. Retrieved
1825:
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1805:February 15,
1803:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1751:(1): 65–83.
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1603:
1581:The Guardian
1579:
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1531:(1): 27–55.
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1444:. Retrieved
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1415:February 15,
1413:. Retrieved
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1320:. Retrieved
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1232:. Retrieved
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1208:February 14,
1206:. Retrieved
1201:
1173:
1168:Junior Mance
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1151:
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1127:
1118:Tamiko Jones
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1013:Milt Jackson
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646:
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624:Jazz Recital
622:
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430:Gloria Lynne
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347:Smile Orange
345:
343:
335:Arthur Adams
295:Milt Jackson
291:Randy Weston
288:
283:
276:Quincy Jones
274:, for which
271:
253:
249:The Prodigal
247:
241:
235:, then with
206:
174:
144:Randy Weston
135:
134:
122:Years active
83:(1999-04-23)
25:Melba Liston
18:
2068:1999 deaths
2063:1926 births
1609:January 15,
1473:(1): 9–26.
1446:January 15,
1322:November 1,
1234:November 1,
1152:Kim Kim Kim
1141:Listen Here
1122:Herbie Mann
1094:Elvin Jones
965:Mark Murphy
903:Ernie Henry
898:Last Chorus
890:With others
876:Earth Birth
737:Jimmy Smith
695:Newport '61
591:Ray Charles
492:Discography
422:Marvin Gaye
418:Clark Terry
389:St. Peter's
350:, starring
311:Ray Charles
299:Clark Terry
244:Lana Turner
233:Count Basie
189:Eric Dolphy
160:Count Basie
126:1940s–1970s
2057:Categories
1970:Jazz Times
1862:(1): 163.
1720:(1): 5–6.
1317:Black Then
1181:References
1156:Kim Weston
327:Joe Sample
264:Art Blakey
229:John Lewis
113:Instrument
64:1926-01-13
49:Birth name
1918:August 7,
1876:194043078
1781:154341441
1765:0276-3605
1697:191549115
1681:0276-3605
1561:194065352
1545:0276-3605
1503:191454284
1487:0276-3605
977:Sam Jones
972:The Chant
393:Manhattan
371:from the
199:in 1943.
166:Biography
1976:(1): 24.
1913:AllMusic
1799:Arts.gov
1604:AllMusic
1441:AllMusic
1279:24468213
1129:Heads Up
1008:Big Bags
852:Highlife
485:Highlife
140:arranger
116:Trombone
1635:May 30,
1388:4613889
1174:Skylark
883:Khepera
1874:
1779:
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1172:1978:
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1126:1967:
1110:1967:
1098:1966:
1086:1965:
1074:1964:
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1041:1962:
1029:1962:
1017:1962:
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993:1962:
981:1961:
969:1961:
957:1961:
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907:1959:
895:1957:
880:1998:
874:1997:
866:1992:
861:Tanjah
858:1973:
849:1963:
841:1961:
833:1959:
825:1959:
817:1958:
799:1958:
791:1957:
775:1969:
767:1966:
759:1966:
751:1966:
743:1963:
725:1965:
717:1965:
711:1963:
705:1962:
699:1961:
693:1961:
685:1960:
679:1960:
671:1959:
653:1957:
645:1957:
637:1957:
629:1956:
621:1955:
605:1962:
597:1959:
579:1961:
571:1958:
553:1965:
545:1957:
537:1957:
451:Legacy
428:, and
414:Motown
307:Motown
301:, and
213:Gordon
203:Career
158:, and
95:Genres
90:, U.S.
73:, U.S.
1996:, NPR
1872:S2CID
1777:S2CID
1769:JSTOR
1693:S2CID
1685:JSTOR
1557:S2CID
1549:JSTOR
1499:S2CID
1491:JSTOR
1384:JSTOR
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783:With
735:With
663:With
613:With
589:With
563:With
529:With
515:with
379:Death
1920:2018
1834:2023
1807:2023
1761:ISSN
1677:ISSN
1637:2015
1611:2019
1541:ISSN
1483:ISSN
1448:2019
1417:2023
1324:2020
1275:OCLC
1265:ISBN
1236:2020
1210:2023
482:and
440:and
329:and
315:Stax
99:Jazz
78:Died
58:Born
1864:doi
1753:doi
1722:doi
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1376:doi
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