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390:. Between 1996 and 1998, more than 4,000 km of drainage and irrigation channels were dug, and deforestation started in part through legal forestry and in part through burning. The water channels, and the roads and railways built for legal forestry, opened up the region to illegal forestry. In the MRP area, forest cover dropped from 64.8% in 1991 to 45.7% in 2000, and clearance has continued since then. It appears that almost all the marketable trees have now been removed from the areas covered by the MRP.
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The peat swamp forests of
Kalimantan were being slowly cleared for small scale farming and plantations before 1997, but most of the original cover remained. In 1996 the Indonesian government initiated the Mega Rice Project (MRP), which aimed to convert one million hectares of peat swamp forest to
346:
in an effort to alleviate
Indonesia's growing food shortage. The government made a large investment in constructing irrigation canals and removing trees. The project did not succeed, and was eventually abandoned after causing considerable damage to the environment.
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Where the forests had often flooded up to 2m deep in the rainy season, now their surface is dry at all times of the year. The government has therefore abandoned the MRP, but the drying peat is vulnerable to fires which continue to break out on a massive scale.
371:- partly decayed and waterlogged plant material - which in turn covers relatively infertile soil. Peat is a major store of carbon. If broken down and burned it contributes to
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382:. Unlike northern forests, which regenerate in 10–30 years even after clear-cut felling, the peat swamp forest may take several centuries to regenerate.
367:, as well as to slow-growing but valuable trees. The peat swamp forest is a dual ecosystem, with diverse tropical trees standing on a 10m - 12m layer of
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Ecological Impact of the One
Million Hectare Rice Project in Cantral Kalimantan, Indonesia, Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Boehm, H-D.V. and Siegert, F.
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Fires on Borneo in 2006. Fires in peat—thick layers of dead, but un-decayed vegetation—are extremely smoky and difficult to put out.
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Effect of sulfuric acid discharge on river water chemistry in peat swamp forests in central
Kalimantan, Indonesia. Akira Haraguchi
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into rivers up to 150 km upstream from the river mouth. This may be a factor contributing to lower fish catches.
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pollution of the rivers. In the rainy seasons, the canals are discharging acidic water with a high ratio of
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338:. The goal was to turn one million hectares of unproductive and sparsely populated
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is an unusual ecoregion that is home to many unique or rare species such as
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Abandoned agricultural project in
Indonesian Borneo
326:was initiated in 1996 in the southern sections of
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269:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
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630:Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
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822:Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre
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231:Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
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767:Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre
827:Silabukan Protection Forest Reserve
397:Peat forest destruction is causing
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817:Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
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219:ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary
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625:Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
904:Greater North Borneo languages
782:Danum Valley Conservation Area
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236:People's Movement to Stop Haze
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797:Kayan Mentarang National Park
777:Bukit Perai Protection Forest
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726:1997 Indonesian forest fires
678:Geological history of Borneo
75:1997 Indonesian forest fires
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787:Gunung Berau Nature Reserve
615:Borneo montane rain forests
610:Borneo lowland rain forests
422: – Ecoregion in Borneo
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711:Deforestation in Indonesia
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772:Borneo Orangutan Survival
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751:2019 Southeast Asian haze
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741:2016 Southeast Asian haze
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721:1997 Southeast Asian haze
706:Deforestation in Malaysia
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620:Borneo peat swamp forests
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420:Borneo peat swamp forests
252:Air pollution in Malaysia
153:2019 Southeast Asian haze
148:2017 Southeast Asian haze
143:2016 Southeast Asian haze
133:2015 Southeast Asian haze
128:2013 Southeast Asian haze
123:2010 Southeast Asian haze
105:2009 Southeast Asian haze
100:2006 Southeast Asian haze
70:1997 Southeast Asian haze
807:Kulamba Wildlife Reserve
919:Languages of Kalimantan
832:Usun Apau National Park
812:Lamandau Nature Reserve
701:Deforestation in Borneo
635:Sundaland heath forests
415:Deforestation in Borneo
378:emissions, a source of
445:July 15, 2011, at the
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1015:Forestry in Indonesia
640:Sunda Shelf mangroves
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1000:Southeast Asian haze
31:Southeast Asian haze
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361:south of Kalimantan
138:2016 Malaysian haze
95:2005 Malaysian haze
1005:Central Kalimantan
862:History of Sarawak
541:Central Kalimantan
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914:Malayic languages
852:History of Brunei
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716:Mega Rice Project
357:peat swamp forest
340:peat swamp forest
324:Mega Rice Project
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191:Mega Rice Project
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976:2.5°S 114.35°E
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981:-2.5; 114.35
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883:Dayak people
760:conservation
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656:Biodiversity
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184:in Indonesia
979: /
649:environment
603:eco-regions
334:section of
994:Categories
525:Kalimantan
427:References
365:orangutans
332:Indonesian
328:Kalimantan
163:Key topics
897:languages
683:Sundaland
556:Nusantara
530:Indonesia
517:divisions
515:political
211:Responses
179:in Borneo
967:114°21′E
937:Category
443:Archived
409:See also
351:Overview
285:Category
244:See also
44:Haze in
947:Commons
845:history
671:Mammals
592:Sarawak
359:in the
57:History
964:2°30′S
582:Labuan
569:Brunei
508:Borneo
336:Borneo
330:, the
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201:Borneo
46:Borneo
33:series
666:Fauna
661:Flora
587:Sabah
342:into
117:2010s
89:2000s
64:1990s
369:peat
355:The
322:The
50:2019
257:API
996::
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373:CO
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311:e
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