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Truck classification

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1119: 533:(GVWR) of 4700 pounds. The truck was marketed with a "Nominal Tonnage Rating: Half-Ton." The actual cargo capacity had increased to 1450 pounds. Ford adopted this promotional nomenclature in 1948 to assist buyers, sellers, and users. The now-imprecise ton rating has continued since the post World War II era to compare standard sizes, rather than actual capacities. In 1975, a change in U.S. emission laws required any vehicle under 6000 pounds GVWR to burn unleaded fuel. U.S. pickup truck manufacturers responded with a "heavy half" pickup of over 6000 pounds GVWR. The F-150 had a capacity of over 2000 pounds, compared to 1500 pounds for the F-100. 1079: 1099: 982: 1052: 997: 1145: 1024: 1009: 632:" or "18-wheeler", is a Class 8 vehicle. Standard trailers vary in length from 8 ft (2.4 m) containers to 57 ft (17 m) van trailers, with the most common length being the 53 ft (16 m) trailer. Specialized trailers for oversized loads can be considerably longer. Commercial operation of a Class 8 vehicle in the United States requires either a Class-B CDL for non-combination vehicles, or a Class-A CDL for combination vehicles (tractor-trailers). 1040: 641: 529:(1500 pounds) and 1-ton (2000 pounds). Ford had introduced the "One-Tonner" in 1938 to their line of trucks. The "Three-quarter-tonner" appeared in the Ford truck lineup in 1939. Over time, payload capacities for most domestic pickup trucks have increased while the ton titles have stayed the same. The 1948 Ford F-1 had a 112:
purposes, though it allows states to require a CDL for these vehicles under their discretion. A CDL is also required to operate any vehicle that transports at least 16 passengers (including the driver) or hazardous materials requiring placards under federal and state law regardless of the weight of
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Furthermore, the fleet characteristics vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction across the country because of differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues. This has led to a wide variety of vehicle classification systems used by
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is permitted after a theoretical and practical course of seven hours, but this permission is not transferable between EU countries). Class B covers both standard passenger cars of all sizes as well as vehicles that are specifically designed for transport of goods. The latter are commonly known as
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Vehicle classifications vary among provinces in Canada, due to "differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues". While several provinces use their own classification schemes for traffic monitoring,
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This has led to categorizing trucks similarly, even if their payload capacities are different. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500, Ford F-150, Nissan Titan, Ram 1500, and Toyota Tundra are called "half-ton" pickups
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In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes are numbered 1 through 8. Trucks are also classified more broadly by the
547:-ton). The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 2500, Ford F-250, and Ram 2500 are called "three-quarter-ton" pickups. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 3500, Ford F-350, and Ram 3500 are known as "one ton" pickups. 673:
and Ontario also distinguish between short- and long-combination trucks. In accident reporting, eight jurisdictions subdivide trucks by GVWR into light and heavy classes at approximately
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tractors, single-unit dump trucks of a GVWR over 33,000 lb, as well as non-commercial chassis fire trucks; such trucks typically have 3 or more axles.
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also assigned classifications in its now-discontinued Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)).
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removes all weight limits for a Class C vehicle with trailer. (known as an "Articulated Heavy Goods Vehicle", or often simply "HGV", licence )
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For the "trailer" categories, a separate driving test is generally required (e.g., "C", and "CE" require separate tests).
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for large passenger vehicles (buses), and are limited by the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating and number of passenger seats.
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allows for trailers of larger Gross Trailer Weight Rating (GTWR) than permitted by the standard licence category.
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This article is about commercial truck classifications. For passenger car and pickup truck classifications, see
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When light-duty trucks were first produced in the United States, they were rated by their payload capacity in
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to the licence class C or D denotes the "light" versions of said class (e.g., Minibus, or medium truck).
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remains. (This often referred to as a "Rigid Heavy Goods Vehicle" or "Rigid truck" licence)
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Clayton, Alan; Montufar, Jeannette; Middleton, Dan; McCauley, Bill (August 27–31, 2000),
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the vehicle. States may extend CDL requirements for additional vehicles, for example,
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highway agencies and municipal authorities in their traffic monitoring programs.
1758:"What Does Half-Ton, Three-Quarter-Ton, One-Ton Mean When Talking About Trucks?" 1329: 2043: 905: 900: 1419: 2062: 988: 945: 925: 915: 475: 463: 459: 223: 187: 183: 1676: 1237: 1190: 1144: 1128: 940: 782: 669:—sometimes with modifications, or in Ontario's case, for limited purposes. 662: 593: 455: 247: 219: 2007:"New European driving licence for more security, safety and free movement" 837:
removes the GVWR limit of Class C1, but the GTWR limit for the trailer of
1185: 1175: 895: 794: 790: 451: 171: 109: 89:(EPA) has a separate system of emissions classifications for trucks. The 1947:
North American Travel Monitoring Exhibition and Conference (NATMEC) 2000
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Similar schemes exist for vans and SUVs (e.g. a 1-ton Dodge Van or a
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Rik Hinton, Idaho Transportation Department (December 22, 2011),
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM) User Guide EPA 420-B-10-039
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Class 5 2005 Chevy Kodiak 4×4 (GVWR: 17,500 pounds (7.9 t))
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Class 2 2001 Ford Excursion 4×4 (GVWR: 8,600 pounds (3.9 t)
1940:"Feasibility of a New Vehicle Classification System for Canada" 1549:"2005 Dodge Dakota Specifications, Fuel Economy & Overview" 1982:
Automotive A-Z: Lane's complete dictionary of automotive terms
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allows for a class B or C1 vehicle and a trailer of more than
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GTWR, so long as the combined gross weight does not exceed
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Hu, Haoran; Baseley, Simon; Song, Xubin (April 14, 2021).
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The licence categories that deal with trucks are B and C:
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are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the
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have adopted the 13-class system from the United States'
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permits the use of vehicles with GVWRs of not more than
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The general categories are further divided as follows:
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from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
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NTEA.com – Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) by Class
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33,001–80,000 pounds (14,969–36,287 kg) and above
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W900 tractor with spread-axle 48-foot (14.63 m)
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United States federal law requires drivers to have a
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4×4 pick-up truck (GVWR: 14,500 pounds (6.6 t))
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from the United States Department of Transportation
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Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles
136: 2050:Führerscheinklassen (Klassen der Lenkberechtigung) 1849:Gross, Marilyn; Feldman, Richard (December 1998). 1476: 608:classification of class 7 and 8 being heavy duty. 574:) and some military vehicles, like the ubiquitous 560:-ton GMC Suburban), medium duty trucks (e.g. the 1 125:requires a CDL for any vehicle with three or more 1343:"Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey – Discontinued" 2060: 1894:Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement 814:GTWR to be used while driving a class B vehicle. 1543: 1541: 827:and permits a trailer with GTWR not exceeding 626:The typical 5-axle tractor-trailer combination 1896:. Transportation Research Board. p. 14. 1272: 1848: 1702:"Peterbilt 379 Performance and Capabilities" 1425: 388:26,001–33,000 pounds (11,794–14,969 kg) 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1538: 1345:. Census.gov. June 30, 2015. Archived from 1309:from the United States Department of Energy 364:Chevrolet Silverado 6500HD/International CV 360:19,501–26,000 pounds (8,846–11,793 kg) 332:Chevrolet Silverado 5500HD/International CV 304:Chevrolet Silverado 4500HD/International CV 1781: 1779: 581: 495: 328:16,001–19,500 pounds (7,258–8,845 kg) 300:14,001–16,000 pounds (6,351–7,257 kg) 268:10,001–14,000 pounds (4,536–6,350 kg) 60:(GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions. 1851:National Transportation Statistics (1997) 1785: 1749: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1680:Idaho Commercial Driver's License Program 1568: 1566: 1486:. Nextexitlogistics.com. October 22, 2014 1072:in back (GVWR: 20,200 pounds (9.2 t) 500: 236:8,501–10,000 pounds (3,856–4,536 kg) 1924: 1806: 1730: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 639: 200:6,001–8,500 pounds (2,722–3,856 kg) 73:(FHWA), which groups classes 1 and 2 as 1828:"International Class 7 Crew Cab Pickup" 1776: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1456:"Stretch limo drivers and CDL licenses" 1307:Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories 793:, as well as pickup trucks such as the 758:plus a trailer with GTWR not exceeding 588:Pickup_truck § Design_and_features 14: 2061: 1891: 1755: 1721: 1708: 1563: 869: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1413: 1323: 1291: 781:(LCVs), and include vans such as the 149: 1978: 1670: 1634: 1498: 1335: 1312: 27:Commercial classifications of trucks 1584: 1513:"Appendix: Truck Types and Classes" 1277:. SAE International. pp. 4–5. 740:are similar to the European model. 24: 2040:emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1820: 1814:'82 Ford F Series Pickups brochure 1604: 1437:, Changingears.com, March 28, 2009 644:53 foot container turnpike doubles 596:may be marketed as heavy duty (eg 396:Freightliner Business Class M2 106 372:Freightliner Business Class M2 106 348:Freightliner Business Class M2 106 25: 2090: 2055:(trans.: Driving license classes) 2029: 2013:(Press release). January 18, 2013 1979:Lane, Keith (November 22, 2011). 1853:. DIANE Publishing. p. 298. 1756:Bruzek, Joe (September 1, 2016). 1621:Isuzu Commercial Truck of America 1484:"Class 3-4-5 Truck Model Roundup" 691:European Union and United Kingdom 1830:. Truck Trend. February 26, 2007 1551:. Truck Trend. February 26, 2007 1143: 1117: 1097: 1077: 1050: 1038: 1022: 1007: 995: 980: 736:The classifications used on the 164:0–6,000 pounds (0–2,722 kg) 137:Table of US GVWR classifications 63: 1999: 1972: 1910: 1885: 1867: 1842: 1816:. US: Ford Motor Company. 1982. 1745:. US: Ford Motor Company. 1948. 1726:. US: Motorbooks International. 1694: 1645: 1578: 1462: 1448: 104:and vehicles strictly used for 87:Environmental Protection Agency 1743:Ford Light Duty Truck brochure 1617:"Isuzu N-Series Diesel Trucks" 1387: 1361: 1330:Vehicle Weight Classifications 1266: 1165:Corporate Average Fuel Economy 667:Federal Highway Administration 272:Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 240:Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 204:Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 71:Federal Highway Administration 56:(GVWR) and sometimes also the 13: 1: 1786:Gonderman, J (June 2, 2021). 1259: 168:Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon 1203:Gross combined weight rating 738:International Driving Permit 703:for general motor vehicles, 117:requires a CDL to operate a 7: 1215:Gross vehicle weight rating 1209:Gross trailer weight rating 1136: 807:allows a trailers of up to 618:gross vehicle weight rating 531:Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 131:gross vehicle weight rating 98:commercial driver's license 91:United States Census Bureau 58:gross trailer weight rating 54:gross vehicle weight rating 10: 2095: 1892:Rhodes, Suzann S. (2012). 973: 707:for large goods vehicles, 611: 585: 36: 29: 1985:. Veloce Publishing Ltd. 1722:Wagner, James K. (1994). 820:raises the GVWR limit to 779:light commercial vehicles 635: 488:KME custom fire apparatus 1788:"What Is a ¾-ton Truck?" 1223:Light commercial vehicle 1197:Gross axle weight rating 697:European driving licence 695:Vehicle categories on a 699:include (among others) 582:Heavy duty pickup truck 496:Notes on weight classes 2079:Vehicle classification 1918:"Drivers | FMCSA" 1724:Ford Trucks Since 1905 787:Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 645: 184:Nissan Navara/Frontier 133:of over 6,000 pounds. 52:, typically using the 956:Sport utility vehicle 725:appending the letter 718:appending the number 643: 432:Business Class M2 112 428:Freightliner Cascadia 46:Truck classifications 37:Further information: 1434:Truck Classification 1349:on September 5, 2015 1110:refrigerated trailer 659:Prince Edward Island 310:(chassis cab only), 2011:European Commission 1956:on November 1, 2004 1879:truckdrivernews.com 1233:List of truck types 1228:Large goods vehicle 987:Class 1 Light duty 879:List of truck types 870:List of truck types 147:Duty classification 119:stretched limousine 39:List of truck types 32:Car classifications 1420:FHWA Vehicle Types 1401:. February 8, 2022 1171:Commercial vehicle 1160:Car classification 1057:Class 6 2002 Ford 1029:Class 4 2008 Ford 646: 616:The Class 8 truck 600:), super duty (eg 102:emergency vehicles 1992:978-1-84584-419-6 1903:978-0-309-21387-5 1860:978-0-7881-7504-6 1704:. March 17, 2021. 1284:978-1-4686-0136-7 799:Mitsubishi Triton 628:, also called a " 493: 492: 81:, and 7 and 8 as 77:, 3 through 6 as 18:Medium duty truck 16:(Redirected from 2086: 2054: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1955: 1949:, archived from 1944: 1935: 1922: 1921: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1783: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1728: 1727: 1719: 1706: 1705: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1649: 1643: 1641:GMC TopKick 4500 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1613: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1585:Hareyan, Armen. 1582: 1576: 1570: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1525:on July 22, 2011 1524: 1518:. Archived from 1517: 1509: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1429: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1289: 1288: 1270: 1253:Vehicle category 1181:Driver's license 1153: 1151:Transport portal 1148: 1147: 1121: 1101: 1081: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061:in front (GVWR: 1060: 1054: 1042: 1032: 1026: 1017: 1011: 999: 984: 857: 856: 850: 840: 830: 826: 825: 813: 812: 775: 774: 768: 767: 761: 757: 756: 686: 685: 679: 678: 671:British Columbia 576:deuce-and-a-half 573: 569: 568: 564: 559: 558: 554: 546: 545: 541: 528: 527: 523: 518: 517: 513: 448:International LT 408:International MV 376:International MV 256:Tesla Cybertruck 141: 140: 21: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2039: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1977: 1973: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1942: 1936: 1925: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1904: 1890: 1886: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1861: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1784: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1754: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1731: 1720: 1709: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1684: 1683:, Itd.idaho.gov 1675: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1564: 1554: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1458:. 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Retrieved 1347:the original 1337: 1325: 1314: 1274: 1268: 1238:Semi-trailer 1191:Gross weight 1125:Western Star 1068:, 1989 Ford 951:Semi tractor 946:Refuse truck 941:Pickup truck 877:(Lorry) See 873: 861: 844: 834: 817: 804: 783:Ford Transit 748: 742: 735: 732: 726: 719: 713: 708: 704: 700: 694: 663:Saskatchewan 647: 615: 591: 549: 535: 504: 501:"Ton" rating 392:Autocar ACMD 316:Isuzu NPR-HD 220:Nissan Titan 110:agricultural 106:recreational 95: 82: 78: 74: 67: 45: 44: 42: 2074:Vehicle law 2053:(in German) 2036:Reducing CO 1792:Motor Trend 1596:December 2, 1591:Torque News 1186:Fifth wheel 1176:Curb weight 896:Cab chassis 795:Ford Ranger 791:Fiat Ducato 452:Mack Anthem 357:Medium duty 325:Medium duty 297:Medium duty 265:Medium duty 172:Ford Ranger 129:that has a 79:medium duty 2063:Categories 1535:(archived) 1490:August 17, 1353:August 17, 1260:References 1090:dump truck 921:Fire truck 911:Dump truck 570:-ton Ford 472:Nikola Tre 468:Tesla Semi 440:Ford F-750 417:Heavy duty 400:Ford F-750 385:Heavy duty 368:Ford F-650 336:Ford F-550 308:Ford F-450 280:Ford F-450 276:Ford F-350 244:Ford F-250 233:Light duty 208:Ford F-150 197:Light duty 161:Light duty 123:California 83:heavy duty 75:light duty 1960:August 9, 1529:March 12, 1395:"Drivers" 1243:Tow hitch 1086:Peterbilt 962:Tow truck 931:Panel van 886:Box truck 845:Class C1E 344:Isuzu NRR 288:Isuzu NPR 153:Examples 2017:July 30, 1834:April 9, 1762:Cars.com 1687:April 9, 1555:April 9, 1441:April 9, 1405:June 19, 1379:June 19, 1137:See also 1106:Kenworth 1104:Class 8 1084:Class 7 891:Cab over 862:Class CE 818:Class C1 805:Class BE 651:Manitoba 464:TerraPro 460:Pinnacle 444:Hino XL8 436:EconicSD 404:Hino 338 340:Ram 5500 312:Ram 4500 284:Ram 3500 252:Ram 2500 230:Class 2b 216:Ram 1500 194:Class 2a 115:New York 1798:June 6, 1768:June 6, 1626:June 6, 1248:Trailer 1129:tractor 1127:6900XD 1065:000 lb) 974:Gallery 835:Class C 749:Class B 655:Ontario 612:Class 8 565:⁄ 555:⁄ 542:⁄ 524:⁄ 514:⁄ 484:Ferrara 480:Spartan 456:Granite 414:Class 8 382:Class 7 354:Class 6 322:Class 5 294:Class 4 262:Class 3 158:Class 1 108:and/or 2069:Trucks 1989:  1900:  1857:  1397:. US: 1371:. US: 1281:  1217:(GVWR) 1211:(GTWR) 1205:(GCWR) 1199:(GAWR) 1167:(CAFE) 855:000 kg 849:750 kg 839:750 kg 829:750 kg 824:500 kg 811:500 kg 773:250 kg 766:500 kg 760:750 kg 755:500 kg 684:921 lb 677:500 kg 636:Canada 462:, and 434:, and 274:3500, 242:2500, 206:1500, 85:. The 1954:(PDF) 1943:(PDF) 1523:(PDF) 1516:(PDF) 1399:FMCSA 1373:FMCSA 1070:F-600 1059:F-650 1031:F-450 1016:F-350 958:(SUV) 875:Truck 606:truck 592:Some 572:F-550 214:AWD, 178:FWD, 127:axles 50:truck 2019:2023 1987:ISBN 1962:2013 1898:ISBN 1855:ISBN 1836:2012 1800:2022 1794:. US 1770:2022 1764:. US 1689:2012 1664:2020 1628:2019 1598:2023 1557:2012 1531:2018 1492:2015 1443:2012 1407:2022 1381:2022 1355:2015 1279:ISBN 1088:330 789:and 661:and 630:semi 507:tons 121:and 967:Van 797:or 687:). 2065:: 2009:. 1964:, 1945:, 1926:^ 1877:. 1790:. 1778:^ 1760:. 1732:^ 1710:^ 1655:. 1619:. 1606:^ 1589:. 1565:^ 1540:^ 1500:^ 1293:^ 1193:: 1063:26 853:12 785:, 657:, 653:, 578:. 509:: 486:; 482:; 478:; 474:; 470:; 466:; 458:, 454:, 450:; 446:; 442:; 438:; 430:, 426:; 406:, 402:, 398:, 394:, 374:, 370:, 366:, 346:, 342:, 338:, 334:, 314:, 306:, 286:, 278:, 254:, 250:, 246:, 222:, 218:, 210:, 186:, 182:, 174:, 170:, 2046:) 2042:( 2038:2 2021:. 1995:. 1920:. 1906:. 1881:. 1863:. 1838:. 1802:. 1772:. 1666:. 1630:. 1600:. 1559:. 1533:. 1494:. 1472:. 1409:. 1383:. 1357:. 1287:. 1131:. 1112:. 1092:. 858:. 831:. 822:7 809:3 801:. 771:4 764:3 753:3 727:E 720:1 709:D 705:C 701:B 682:9 680:( 675:4 567:2 563:1 557:2 553:1 544:2 540:1 537:( 526:4 522:3 516:2 512:1 34:. 20:)

Index

Medium duty truck
Car classifications
List of truck types
truck
gross vehicle weight rating
gross trailer weight rating
Federal Highway Administration
Environmental Protection Agency
United States Census Bureau
commercial driver's license
emergency vehicles
recreational
agricultural
New York
stretched limousine
California
axles
gross vehicle weight rating
Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon
Ford Ranger
Honda Ridgeline
Jeep Gladiator
Nissan Navara/Frontier
Toyota Tacoma
Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra
Ford F-150
Honda Ridgeline
Ram 1500
Nissan Titan
Toyota Tundra

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