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802:. The dichotomy between demographics and publishing languages can be explained by different literacy levels, the widespread popular use of the English language, as well as South Africa's history of censorship, which curbed the development of a culture of newspaper readership. There are also a large number of free (advertising-funded) local and community newspapers in several different languages. An estimated 1.3 million newspapers are sold in South Africa daily.
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1022:(ICASA). Broadcast rights, especially for television, are issued by invitation only and only two independent television broadcasters have been permitted to operate up to now. Broadcast licenses mandate percentages of local, community and educational content and broadcasters are required to include such content as a condition of their license.
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affairs and drama. By the mid 1980s another five languages had their own stations and four music-only regional, commercial broadcasters had been added to the FM network. The sector's deregulation in 1996 led to an even bigger proliferation of radio stations. For example, there are about 4 radio stations available to
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Broadcasts range from the country-wide and regional radio stations of the state-owned and funded SABC to fully commercial privately owned stations to community stations that target specific cities, towns, neighbourhoods or ethnic groups. Approximately eighty community radio licenses have been issued,
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The South
African publishing industry employs about 3,000 people full-time, as well as many freelance workers. In addition, it is estimated that the South African publishing industry employs about 9,000 authors (full- and part-time), who together earn an estimated R 150 million in royalties annually.
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As could be expected from South Africa's recent history, its magazine market is (still) characterised by definite differences in the readership of magazines amongst the country's different race groups. A decline in traditional mass consumer magazine titles versus the growth of specialist titles also
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network with over 55 local and international channels that broadcasts to over 2 million subscribers throughout Africa. In
November 2008 four new licenses were granted, from a total of 18 applications, for the operation of pay-TV services. Walking on Water (a Christian broadcaster), On Digital Media
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Other large mass market publishers are
Perskor (Republican Press), CTP Holdings and Times Media. Specialist consumer magazines are also published by the aforementioned publishers, as well as by Primedia Publishing, Kagiso Media and Ramsay Son & Parker. In the trade and technical sector Primedia
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Radio has always been South Africa's biggest broadcast medium; From the 1960s, South Africa was a world leader in FM radio technology. In 1962, five FM radio stations broadcast, each to a particular language group. The content of the broadcasts ranged widely, over music, sports, religion, current
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While the mass consumer market sector is dominated by only a few publishers (Naspers, Perskor, CTP Holdings, TML), the specialist consumer and trade & technical sectors are very fragmented and contain a large number of small- and medium-sized publishers in addition to the aforementioned major
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The book publishing industry in South Africa is relatively small, but it is nevertheless a key factor in its economy. There are more than 120 publishers in the country, according to the
Publishers' Association of South Africa (PASA). Among these are commercial publishers,
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These freedoms are generally respected in practice and the press is considered relatively free. Laws concerning the media and political control over its content are generally considered to be moderate and there is little evidence of repressive measures against
603:'s major media centres. While South Africa's many broadcasters and publications reflect the diversity of the population as a whole, the most commonly used language is English. However, all ten other official languages are represented to some extent or another.
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Books are published in all eleven official languages of South Africa as well as in some non-official and foreign languages. Works published include fiction, non-fiction, children's books, reference works as well as school and university textbooks.
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The current newspaper industry is in a fairly healthy state. According to a South
African Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) survey in 1996, there were 36 daily and weekly urban newspapers in the country – 29 in English, four in Afrikaans, two in
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is also a growing segment of the publishing industry. While some publishers specialise in the type of books they produce (for example textbooks), the majority of the large and medium publishers publish in several categories.
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South Africa has a very robust magazine industry with an estimated 280 locally published titles available; imported magazines add to this number considerably. The industry's annual turnover in 1998 was estimated to be about
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Naspers is the dominant player in the mass consumer magazine sector and sells about two-thirds of all the magazines read in South Africa, including imported magazines. The company publishes large national titles such as
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and one-person privately owned publishers. Of the 120 publishers who are members of the PASA, about 12 are classified as large publishers, 7 as medium-sized publishers and the remaining 101 as small publishers.
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Donal P. McCracken & Ruth E. Teer-Tomaselli, 'Communication in
Colonial and Post-Colonial Southern Africa', in Peter Simonson, The Handbook of Communication History (Routledge, 2013), pp. 424–439, here p.
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Donal P. McCracken & Ruth E. Teer-Tomaselli, 'Communication in
Colonial and Post-Colonial Southern Africa', in Peter Simonson, The Handbook of Communication History (Routledge, 2013), pp. 424–439, here p.
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which was supposed to operate satellite services as well as IPTV services such as video-on-demand, never took off and was subsequently sold to
Shenzhen Media South Africa. On Digital Media is 68% black owned.
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However, there has also been criticism of certain aspects of the freedom of the press in South Africa. All the large daily newspapers are owned by the four largest media firms, which could lead to pro-
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and e-Sat (the satellite arm of e.tv) were all expected to start direct-to-home satellite broadcasts in mid-2008. This did not happen as only On succeeded in launching its Top TV service. Even
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There are also a number of book importers and distributors active in South Africa as the great majority of books sold in South Africa (especially fiction) are still imported, mostly from
618:. After the elections, funding and support for such ventures dried up, but there has been a resurgence of interest in alternative forms of news gathering of late, particularly since the
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The majority of radio stations broadcast in
English, although the other official languages of South Africa are represented on the airwaves as well. The industry is regulated by ICASA.
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and the United States. This has resulted in relatively high prices being charged for books in comparison with the income of the average South
African.
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Adrian Hadland (2012). "Africanizing Three Models of Media and Politics: The South African Experience". In Daniel Hallin and Paolo Mancini (ed.).
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In comparison with the rest of Africa, this sector is fairly big and robust. However, it is dominated by the fixed line
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has a chequered history in South Africa. While some sectors of the South African media openly criticised the
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is the most tightly regulated media sector in South Africa and is (along with radio) regulated by the
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scandal have also been a cause for concern as was the banning of the publication of the
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The history of newspapers in South Africa dates back to 1800, when the governor of the
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is the second most commonly used language, especially in the publishing sector.
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has the largest circulation of any South African magazine and is followed by
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There are several independently owned newspapers, most notably
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in exile after helping to expose the truth behind the death of
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in South Africa by Judge Mohammed Jajbhay on 3 February 2006.
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initiated the publishing of the government-controlled
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Independent Communications Authority of South Africa
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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988:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
692:. In consequence, South Africa is ranked 39th in
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1344:Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World
645:during those years. For example, South African
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1324:International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia
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652:became renowned after he fled to live in the
641:government, they were hampered by government
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1216:. News24. 5 February 2006. Archived from
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119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1368:) is being considered for deletion. See
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756:Cape Town Gazette and African Advertiser
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1131:List of radio stations in South Africa
1071:List of radio stations in South Africa
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709:South African Broadcasting Corporation
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1503:Protection of State Information Bill
1274:"South Africa | Global Media Review"
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1136:List of newspapers in South Africa
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1250:Rossouw, Mandy (13 August 2010).
1126:Alternative media in South Africa
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841:List of magazines in South Africa
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1624:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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18:Media of South Africa
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678:freedom of the press
660:, the leader of the
503:World Heritage Sites
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53:improve this article
1844:States with limited
1220:on 8 February 2006.
1200:31 May 2012 at the
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109:November 2009
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1919:Saint Helena
1890:
1794:South Africa
1784:Sierra Leone
1589:Burkina Faso
1426:South Africa
1363:
1343:
1323:
1312:Bibliography
1299:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1245:
1226:
1218:the original
1208:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1100:
1086:
1082:
1078:Johannesburg
1074:
1058:Telkom Media
1051:, a digital
1039:
1024:
1014:
995:
984:
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896:You and Drum
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792:
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759:
755:
749:
727:
724:
713:
702:
686:
670:constitution
650:Donald Woods
629:
609:
595:has a large
592:
590:
528:Coat of arms
257:World War II
227:Zulu Kingdom
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
1846:recognition
1799:South Sudan
1689:Ivory Coast
1358:‹ The
1327:. Garland.
1080:listeners.
1041:Multichoice
798:and one in
790:, in 1876.
784:newspaper,
770:newspaper,
752:Cape Colony
700:2015–2016.
690:journalists
666:Helen Zille
222:Cape Colony
202:Kaditshwene
1947:Categories
1901:(Portugal)
1859:Somaliland
1779:Seychelles
1744:Mozambique
1729:Mauritania
1714:Madagascar
1669:The Gambia
1604:Cape Verde
1467:Literature
1452:Television
1437:Newspapers
1162:References
1069:See also:
1016:Television
966:Television
905:Huisgenoot
892:Huisgenoot
839:See also:
829:CTP/Caxton
823:(owned by
740:Newspapers
658:Steve Biko
643:censorship
597:mass media
471:Television
408:Literature
267:Border War
79:newspapers
1734:Mauritius
1442:Magazines
1258:28 August
914:Fair Lady
870:Fair Lady
854:players.
835:Magazines
705:corporate
635:apartheid
616:samizdats
605:Afrikaans
496:Monuments
449:Musicians
373:Festivals
303:Afrikaans
295:Languages
262:Apartheid
1925: /
1921: /
1914:(France)
1908: /
1886: /
1882: /
1834:Zimbabwe
1809:Tanzania
1659:Ethiopia
1654:Eswatini
1634:Djibouti
1599:Cameroon
1584:Botswana
1491:See also
1478:language
1457:Internet
1360:template
1235:Archived
1233:News24
1198:Archived
1179:The Star
1120:See also
1103:monopoly
391:Religion
217:Ndwandwe
175:Timeline
136:a series
134:Part of
1910:Réunion
1906:Mayotte
1897:Madeira
1892:(Spain)
1888:Melilla
1819:Tunisia
1789:Somalia
1774:Senegal
1759:Nigeria
1749:Namibia
1739:Morocco
1704:Liberia
1699:Lesotho
1649:Eritrea
1619:Comoros
1594:Burundi
1569:Algeria
1362:below (
1110:Vodacom
956:Britain
888:Kickoff
827:), and
817:Naspers
716:Oilgate
516:Symbols
426:Writers
364:Cuisine
313:Ndebele
308:English
165:History
93:scholar
1929:
1912:
1899:
1829:Zambia
1824:Uganda
1764:Rwanda
1719:Malawi
1679:Guinea
1574:Angola
1462:Cinema
1379:Curlie
1365:Curlie
1331:
1279:17 May
1181:, 2012
1106:Telkom
1047:, and
898:. The
601:Africa
476:Cinema
416:Comics
338:Tsonga
333:Tswana
285:People
138:on the
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1884:Ceuta
1804:Sudan
1754:Niger
1709:Libya
1694:Kenya
1674:Ghana
1664:Gabon
1639:Egypt
1579:Benin
1447:Radio
1422:Media
1045:M-Net
928:Books
918:Sarie
878:Insig
874:Sarie
813:Avusa
800:Xhosa
487:Sport
463:Media
440:Music
421:Poets
348:Xhosa
343:Venda
328:Swazi
323:Sotho
180:Years
100:JSTOR
86:books
1814:Togo
1724:Mali
1614:Chad
1329:ISBN
1304:436.
1294:433.
1281:2019
1260:2010
1112:and
1049:DStv
1031:e.tv
916:and
861:Drum
796:Zulu
591:The
523:Flag
353:Zulu
72:news
1476:By
1424:of
1377:at
1114:MTN
910:You
398:Art
55:by
1949::
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937:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
880:,
876:,
872:,
864:.
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20:)
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