Mechanism of diving regulators

1271:

at which the freezing takes place, which could be anywhere between closed and fully open, as the ice will prevent the movement required to control the downstream pressure. Since the cooling takes place during flow through the regulator, it is common for the freezing to occur when the first stage valve is open, and this will freeze the valve open, allowing a continuous flow through the first stage. This will cause the inter-stage pressure to rise until the second stage opens to relieve the excess pressure and the regulator will free-flow at a fairly constant rate, which could be a massive free-flow or insufficient to provide breathing gas to meet the demand. If the second stage is shut off the pressure relief valve on the first stage will open, or a low pressure hose or fitting will burst. All of these effects will allow the flow through the first stage to continue, so the cooling will continue, and this will keep the ice causing the problem frozen. To break the cycle it is necessary to stop the gas flow at the inlet or expose the ice to a heat source capable of melting it. While underwater, it is unlikely to find a heat source to thaw the ice and stopping the flow is only option. Clearly the flow will stop when the pressure in the cylinder drops to ambient, but this is undesirable as it means total loss of the breathing gas. The other option is to close the cylinder valve, shutting off the pressure at the source. Once this is done, the ice will normally melt as heat from the surrounding water is absorbed by the slightly colder ice, and once the ice has melted, the regulator will function again.

193:

regulator inlet seats over the O-ring groove. A conically tipped screw locates in the indentation and when tightened, presses against the valve body and pulls the sealing face of the regulator inlet against the O-ring. This screw must be tightened sufficiently to maintain metal-to-metal contact between the regulator inlet and the valve body when the valve is opened at full cylinder pressure, and under normal working loads including minor impacts and using the regulator as a handle to lift the set, to prevent failure of the seal by O-ring extrusion and consequent loss of breathing gas. The screw must also not be over-tightened, as after use it must be removed by hand. The rigidity of the yoke varies depending on design, tightening is by hand and is left to the discretion of the user. Fortunately the mechanism is fairly tolerant of variation in contact force. When the valve is opened, gas pressure on the O-ring presses it against the outer cylindrical surface of the groove and the face of the regulator inlet, squeezing the O-ring towards the contact surfaces of these parts. The pressure exerts a force to push the regulator away from the valve body, and if pre-load of the screw is insufficient the elasticity of the clamp will allow a gap to form between valve and regulator through which the O-ring may be extruded. When this happens, gas loss is rapid, and the valve must be closed and the clamp loosened, the O-ring inspected and possibly replaced. Recovery from an extruded O-ring underwater is often not possible and bailout to an independent gas supply or an

1140:

the pressure. the frequency of the popping pressure relief depends on the flow in the second stage, the back pressure, the second stage spring tension and the magnitude of the leak. It may range from occasional loud pops to a constant hiss. Underwater the second stage may be damped by the water and the loud pops may become an intermittent or constant stream of bubbles. This is not usually a catastrophic failure mode, but should be fixed as it will get worse, and it wastes gas. In upstream valve regulators or regulators with an isolation valve at the second stage, such as the bailout valve on a surface supplied helmet or full-face mask, this relief valve function of the second stage may not be available, and a pressure relief valve on the first stage is necessary to prevent the pressure in the hose rising until it bursts. Causes of such leakage include a poor O-ring seal between the valve seat and regulator body, or between the valve stem and the regulator body, which is easily fixed by replacing the O-ring, dirt on the sealing surface between valve crown and seat, damage or excessive wear to the sealing surface of the seat, and cracks in the body of the seat. The seat is usually a hard plastic, and is usually replaceable, The valve crown may be an integral part of the valve body or a replaceable part, usually metal.

206: 1001:, activated by the pressure difference between the interior of the helmet and the ambient pressure. The reclaim regulator may be a two-stage valve for lower resistance, and will generally have a manual bypass valve which allows exhaust to the ambient water if the regulator malfunctions. The helmet will have an emergency flood valve to prevent possible exhaust regulator failure from causing a helmet squeeze or lung barotrauma before the diver can bypass it manually, though the demand valve will usually compensate sufficiently. The flood valve allows water to flow into the helmet if the internal pressure drops below its opening pressure differential. The risk of drowning if the helmet floods is lower than the risk of serious injury caused by a helmet squeeze or lung barotrauma if the reclaim valve sticks open and there is insufficient inlet gas flow to keep up with the exhaust suction. Once the reclaim regulator has been bypassed, the diver will blow down the water in the helmet using the purge valve or the free-flow valve, and thereafter use the helmet on open circuit. 1075:

flow must be controlled so that only exhaled gas is vented through the system, and it does not drain the contents of the chamber to the outside. This is achieved by using a controlled exhaust valve which opens when a slight over-pressure relative to the chamber pressure on the exhaust diaphragm moves the valve mechanism against a spring. When this over-pressure is dissipated by the gas flowing out through the exhaust hose, the spring returns this valve to the closed position, cutting off further flow, and conserving the chamber atmosphere. A negative or zero pressure difference over the exhaust diaphragm will keep it closed. The exhaust diaphragm is exposed to the chamber pressure on one side, and exhaled gas pressure in the oro-nasal mask on the other side. This is a form of back-pressure regulator. The supply of gas for inhalation is through a demand valve which works on the same principles as a regular diving demand valve second stage. Like any other breathing apparatus, the dead space must be limited to minimise carbon dioxide buildup in the mask.

935: 1346:

below freezing but still warm enough for the divers exhaled breath to keep ice from forming. If the surface air temperatures are well below freezing, (below −4 °C (25 °F)) excessive moisture from the volume tank can freeze into ice granules which can then travel down the umbilical and end up in the helmet intake, blocking off air to the demand valve, either as a reduction in flow or a complete blockage if the granules accumulate and form a plug. Ice formation in a surface supplied system can be prevented by use of an effective moisture separation system and regular draining of condensate. Desiccating filters can also be used. Use of HP gas for surface supply is not generally a problem as the HP compressors use a filter system that dries the air sufficiently to keep the dew point below −40 °C (−40 °F). Keeping the surface section of the umbilical exposed to the cold air as short as possible will also help. The portion in the water is not normally cold enough to be a problem.

377:

resistance and warning the diver that he or she is dangerously low on breathing gas. The reserve gas is released by pulling a reserve lever on the valve. J-valves fell out of favor with the introduction of pressure gauges, which allow divers to keep track of their gas underwater, especially as the valve-type is vulnerable to accidental release of reserve air and increases the cost and servicing of the valve. J-valves are occasionally still used when work is done in visibility so poor that the pressure gauge cannot be seen, even with a light. Most side-spindled valves are right handed, meaning that the knob is on the diver's right hand side, but left handed valves are also produced for manifolded sets and other applications where it is more convenient. Axial spindle valves are also available where the spindle lies on the axis of the thread which connects the valve to the cylinder, with the knob on top, and various configurations with dual outlets or connections for

294: 277: 710: 521:

stages, and diaphragm and piston operation can be balanced or unbalanced, and a full description of a stage will specify which of all of these options apply. For example, a regulator may have a balanced piston first stage with a balanced downstream second stage. Both balanced and unbalanced piston first stages are fairly common, but most diaphragm first stages are balanced. Balancing the first stage has a greater overall effect on the performance of a regulator, as the variation in supply pressure from the cylinder is much greater than the variation in interstage pressure, even with an unbalanced first stage. However the second stage operates on very a small pressure differential and is more sensitive to variations in supply pressure. Most top range regulators have at least one balanced stage, but it is not clear that balancing both stages makes a noticeable difference to performance.

589:

seat sealing against an adjustable metal "crown" around the inlet orifice. The poppet is lifted away from the crown by a lever operated by the diaphragm. Two patterns are commonly used. One is the classic push-pull arrangement, where the actuating lever goes onto the end of the valve shaft and is held on by a nut. Any deflection of the lever is converted to an axial pull on the valve shaft, lifting the seat off the crown and allowing air to flow. The other is the barrel poppet arrangement, where the poppet is enclosed in a tube which crosses the regulator body and the lever operates through slots in the sides of the tube. The far end of the tube is accessible from the side of the casing and a spring tension adjustment screw may be fitted for limited diver control of the cracking pressure. This arrangement also allows relatively simple pressure balancing of the second stage.

1024: 50:. Both free-flow and demand regulators use mechanical feedback of the downstream pressure to control the opening of a valve which controls gas flow from the upstream, high-pressure side, to the downstream, low-pressure side of each stage. Flow capacity must be sufficient to allow the downstream pressure to be maintained at maximum demand, and sensitivity must be appropriate to deliver maximum required flow rate with a small variation in downstream pressure, and for a large variation in supply pressure, without instability of flow. Open circuit scuba regulators must also deliver against a variable ambient pressure. They must be robust and reliable, as they are life-support equipment which must function in the relatively hostile seawater environment, and the human interface must be comfortable over periods of several hours. 2228: 261: 253: 1267:

risk of first stage icing. The most effective first stage designs for cold water have a large surface area and good thermal conductivity to allow faster heat transfer from the surrounding water. As ice forms and thickens on the exterior of the first stage, it further reduces thermal transfer as ice is a poor conductor of heat, and in water of 1.6 °C (34.9 °F) or colder, there may not be enough heat to melt ice on the first stage faster than it forms for a flow rate of 40 lpm or more. A thick layer of ice will take some time to melt even after gas flow has stopped, even if the first stage is left in the water. First stage freezing can be a greater problem in fresh water because fresh water ice is harder to melt than seawater ice.

635: 718:

apparatus is controlled manually at the control panel, and does not automatically adjust to the ambient pressure in the way that most scuba first stages do, as this feature is controlled by feedback to the first stage from ambient pressure. This has the effect that the cracking pressure of a surface supplied demand valve will vary slightly with depth, so some manufacturers provide a manual adjustment knob on the side of the demand valve housing to adjust spring pressure on the downstream valve, which controls the cracking pressure. The knob is known to commercial divers as "dial-a-breath". A similar adjustment is provided on some high-end scuba demand valves, to allow the user to manually tune the breathing effort at depth

1241:

the surrounding water may keep the second stage regulator components warm enough to prevent the build-up of ice. The diver's exhaled breath at 29 to 32 °C (84 to 90 °F), does not have enough heat to compensate for the cooling effect of the expanding incoming air once the water temperature is much below 4 °C (39 °F), and once the water temperature drops below 4 °C (39 °F) there is not enough heat in the water to rewarm the regulator components fast enough to keep moisture in the divers exhaled breath from freezing if the diver is breathing hard. This is why the CE cold water limit is at 4 °C (39 °F) which is the point at which many scuba regulators start retaining free ice.

781: 269: 677:

full-face mask of water if it has flooded. This will often happen if the second stage is dropped or removed from the mouth while under-water. It is either a separate part mounted in the front cover or the cover may be made flexible and serves as the purge button. Depressing the purge button presses against the diapragm directly over the lever of the demand valve, and this movement of the lever opens the valve to release air through the regulator. The tongue may be used to block the mouthpiece during purging to prevent water or other matter in the regulator from being blown into the diver's airway by the air blast. This is particularly important when purging after vomiting through the regulator.

244:

is inside diameter 11.2mm with section diameter 2.65mm. This is very close to the imperial standard size 112 O-ring with nominal dimensions 12.37 millimetres (0.487 in) x 2.62 millimetres (0.103 in), and this O-ring is used on most regulators. A few manufacturers such as Apeks, Atomic and ScubaPro use a slightly smaller groove which fits the size 111 O-ring with nominal dimensions 10.77 millimetres (0.424 in) x 2.62 millimetres (0.103 in) better. Cressi and Poseidon grooves are closer to the original standard and the best fit O-ring is BS ISO 3601 metric size O-ring with nominal dimensions 11.3 mm x 2.4 mm, for which there is no standard imperial equivalent.

773: 1131:

mouthpiece up when set on maximum sensitivity, incorrect interstage pressure setting, incorrect second stage valve spring tension, damaged or sticking valve poppet, damaged valve seat, valve freezing, wrong sensitivity setting at the surface and in Poseidon servo-assisted second stages, low interstage pressure. Corrective action may be simply to set the sensitivity down when not actually breathing through it, otherwise it usually includes testing interstage pressure, setting it to the specifications, and adjusting cracking pressure to the specified value. If this fails, it is usually necessary to strip and service the regulator, and replace any worn or damaged parts.

152: 1471:

hose will usually lose gas faster than a burst high pressure hose, as HP hoses usually have a flow restriction orifice in the fitting that screws into the port, as the submersible pressure gauge does not need high flow, and a slower pressure increase in the gauge hose is less likely to overload the gauge, while the hose to a second stage must provide high peak flow rate to minimize work of breathing. A relatively common o-ring failure occurs when the yoke clamp seal extrudes due to insufficient clamp force or elastic deformation of the clamp by impact with the environment. This can cause anything from a mild to a catastrophic leak, and it can get worse with time.

548: 1499:

can usually can be improved by servicing and tuning, but some regulators cannot deliver high flow at great depths without high work of breathing. High exhalation resistance is usually due to a problem with the exhaust valves, which can stick, stiffen due to deterioration of the materials, or may have an insufficient flow passage area for the service. Work of breathing increases with gas density, and therefore with depth. Total work of breathing for the diver is a combination of physiological work of breathing and mechanical work of breathing. It is possible for this combination to exceed the capacity of the diver, who can then suffocate due to

856:

free-flow, the exhaust valve must be located at the same depth as the diaphragm, and the only reliable place to do this is in the same housing. The air flows through a pair of corrugated rubber hoses to and from the mouthpiece. The supply hose is connected to one side of the regulator body and supplies air to the mouthpiece through a non-return valve, and the exhaled air is returned to the regulator housing on the outside of the diaphragm, also through a non-return valve on the other side of the mouthpiece and usually through another non-return exhaust valve in the regulator housing - often a "duckbill" type.

652: 643:

possible, without being cumbersome and bulky. Elastomer mushroom valves serve the purpose adequately, though duckbill valves were also common in twin-hose regulators. Where it is important to avoid leaks back into the regulator, such as when diving in contaminated water, a system of two sets of valves in series can reduce the risk of contamination. A more complex option which can be used for surface supplied helmets, is to use a reclaim exhaust system which uses a separate flow regulator to control the exhaust which is returned to the surface in a dedicated hose in the umbilical.

1178:

inlet from fully closing during exhalation Once the valve starts leaking, the second stage components get even colder due to the cooling effect of the continuous flow, creating more ice and an even greater free flow. With some regulators the refrigerating effect is so great, that water around the exhaust valve freezes, reducing exhaust flow, and increasing exhalation effort and producing positive pressure in the valve body, making it difficult to exhale through the regulator. This may cause the diver to loosen their grip on the mouthpiece and exhale around the mouthpiece.

27: 669: 757: 954:

rate as the gas is continuously supplied to the helmet, and the diver breathes from it as it passes through. Flow rate must be sufficient to prevent rebreathing of exhaled gas from the dead space of the helmet, and must allow for maximum inspired flow rate at depth. Flow rate of a demand helmet must also allow for maximum inspired flow rate, but this only occurs intermittently during the breathing cycle, and average flow is much less. The regulator must be capable of the same maximum flow rate, but cooling effects are much less for demand service.

701: 729: 480: 1233:(39.9 °F) the possibility of developing ice in the second stage becomes a significant risk, and should be considered before starting heavy exercise, filling a BC, or any other activity that requires a substantial flow of air. In 7.2 to 10 °C (45.0 to 50.0 °F) water, most regulators will ice up if the diver aggressively purges the demand regulator for just 5 to 10 seconds to fill a small lift bag. For this reason an important rule in cold water diving is never to intentionally free flow the regulator. 741: 1109:

stage and jamming them, either open or closed. If enough dirt gets into these filters they themselves can be blocked sufficiently to reduce performance, but are unlikely to result in a total or sudden catastrophic failure. Sintered bronze filters can also gradually clog with corrosion products if they get wet with seawater. Inlet filter blockage will become more noticeable as the cylinder pressure drops.These filters are replaceable by a service technician, and are often routinely replaced during annual service.

1325:

qualities of the materials can also significantly influence ice formation and freezing risk. Regulators with exhaust valves that do not seal well will form ice quickly as ambient water leaks into the casing. All second stages can develop ice when the inlet gas temperature averages below −4 °C (25 °F) and this can happen in water temperatures up to 10 °C (50 °F). The ice that forms may or may not cause a free flow, but any ice inside the regulator casing may present an inhalation hazard.

792:. One tube is to supply air from the regulator to the mouthpiece, and the second tube delivers the exhaled gas to a point where the ambient pressure is identical to the demand diaphragm, where it is released through a rubber duck-bill one-way valve, and comes out of the holes in the cover. Advantages of this type of regulator are that the bubbles leave the regulator behind the diver's head, increasing visibility, reducing noise and producing less load on the diver's mouth, They remain popular with some 472: 488: 407: 722:

of a sensitive demand valve is often less than the hydrostatic pressure difference between the inside of an air-filled housing and the water below the diaphragm when the mouthpiece is pointed upwards. To avoid excessive loss of gas due to inadvertent activation of the valve when the DV is out of the diver's mouth, some second stages have a desensitising mechanism which causes some back-pressure in the housing, by impeding the flow or directing it against the inside of the diaphragm.

451: 1165:, or to purge a regulator underwater for just a few seconds, will start many regulators free-flowing and they will not stop until the air supply to the regulator is stopped. Some cold water scuba divers install shuttle (slide operation) type shut off valves at each second stage regulator so if the second stage freezes open, the low pressure air can be shut off to the frozen second stage allowing them to switch to the alternative second stage and abort the dive. 496: 1083:, a device that maintains a specified pressure upstream of itself, may be required. This would usually be the case for use in a saturation system. Use for oxygen therapy and surface decompression on oxygen would not generally need a back-pressure regulator as the chamber pressure is relatively low. When an externally vented BIBS is used at low chamber pressure, a vacuum assist may be necessary to keep the exhalation back-pressure down to provide an acceptable 13120: 1032: 13190: 1312:

occur. This increases the risk of second stage icing, and the gas in the cylinder may be cooled sufficiently for condensation of residual moisture to occur during first stage expansion, as the expanding gas may cool below the −50 °C (−58 °F) dew point specified for high pressure breathing gas, which could cause internal icing of the first stage. This can be avoided by restricting breathing from the set in the cold air to a minimum.

442:

pressure falls the closing force is less, so the regulated pressure increases at lower tank pressure. To keep this pressure rise within acceptable limits the high-pressure orifice size is limited, but this decreases the total flow capacity of the regulator. A balanced regulator keeps about the same ease of breathing at all depths and pressures, by using the cylinder pressure to also indirectly oppose the opening of the first stage valve.

13178: 627: 13144: 765: 1169:

ice formation, where ice forms and builds up inside the second stage but does not cause the regulator to free flow, and the diver may not be aware that the ice is there. This free ice build-up inside the second stage can break loose in the form of a sliver or chunk and pose a significant choking hazard because the ice can be inhaled. This can be a particular problem with regulators having ice-shedding internal surfaces that are

1295:

inter-stage temperature will be around −27 to −28 °C (−17 to −18 °F), well below the freezing point of water. By the time the air has passed through a standard 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) long hose to the second stage, the air will have only warmed up to about −11 °C (12 °F), which is still below freezing. There will be a lesser further cooling during expansion through the second stage.

576:". With an upstream valve, the result of over-pressurization may be a blocked valve. This will stop the supply of breathing gas and possibly result in a ruptured hose or the failure of another second stage valve, such as one that inflates a buoyancy device. When a second stage upstream tilt valve is used a relief valve should be included by the manufacturer on the first stage regulator to protect the intermediate hose. 834:

released air pressure is higher than in the lungs. Divers learned to restrict flow by using their tongue to close the mouthpiece. When the cylinder pressure was running low and air demand effort rising, a 90°roll to the side put the lungs and regulator diaphragm at the same depth and made breathing easier. The mouthpiece can be purged by lifting it above the regulator(shallower), which will cause a free flow.

13132: 390: 438:

transducer to measure the cylinder pressure. The valve may be designed so that one low-pressure port is designated "Reg" for the primary second stage regulator, because that port allows a higher flow rate to give less breathing effort at maximum demand. A small number of manufacturers have produced regulators with a larger than standard hose and port diameter for this primary outlet.

1194:. The higher the cylinder pressure the greater the drop in pressure and the colder the gas gets in the low pressure hose to the second stage. An increase in flow will increase the amount of heat lost and the gas will get colder, as heat transfer from the surrounding water is limited. If the breathing rate is low to moderate (15 to 30 lpm) the risk of ice formation is less. 1091:

decompression, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, where a higher partial pressure of oxygen in the chamber would constitute an unacceptable fire hazard, and would require frequent ventilation of the chamber to keep the partial pressure within acceptable limits Frequent ventilation is noisy and expensive, but can be used in an emergency.

1182:

lost. In some cold water fatalities, by the time the diver's body is recovered there is no gas left in the cylinder, and the regulator has warmed up and melted the ice, destroying the evidence, leading to a finding of death by drowning due to running out of gas, but without the initial cause of regulator malfunction.

184:

groove in the contact face of the cylinder valve. The user screws the clamp in place finger-tight to hold the metal surfaces of cylinder valve and regulator first stage in contact, compressing the o-ring between the radial faces of valve and regulator. When the valve is opened, gas pressure presses the

2772:

The cold water versions use a novel dr system. There's a secondary diaphragm like all the others, but instead of using a fluid or grease to transfer the ambient pressure there is a mushroom shaped part inside called a "hydrostatic transmitter" that transmits the force from the secondary diaphragm to

1940:

Standard on most Apeks first stages is the unique Environmental Dry Sealing System. This system serves a number of purposes, including the prevention of ice build up on the main spring that can occur when diving in extremely cold water. Dry sealing the first stage also acts as a safeguard against the

1328:

A second stage freeze is also likely to happen with the valve open, causing a free flow, which may precipitate a first stage freeze if not immediately stopped. If the flow through the frozen second stage can be stopped before the first stage freezes, the process can be halted. This may be possible if

1298:

The air and chilled components of the second stage will be cold enough to freeze moisture in the exhaled air which can build up a layer of ice on the inside of the second stage. Higher cylinder pressures will produce colder air during first stage expansion. A three to five second purge from a 200 bar

1281:

Environmental isolation kits on most first stages can help to some degree, at least for the duration of current CE breathing simulator tests. Freezing of a first stage usually takes longer than freezing of a second stage. Most first stages can deliver 62.5 lpm for at least five minutes in 1.6 °C

1266:

The more common cause of first stage freezing is external freezing of the surrounding water around the outside of the first stage. This can happen in water that is below 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) if flow rates and cylinder supply pressures are high. Colder water and high flow rates will increase the

1253:

Air from the diving cylinder is subjected to a dramatic reduction in pressure - as much as 220 bar (3,200 psi) from a full 230 bar (3,300 psi) , and 290 bar (4,200 psi) from a full 300 bar (4,400 psi) cylinder at the surface - when passing through the regulator

1240:

The cold inter-stage air enters the second stage and is reduced to ambient pressure, which cools it further, so it chills the second stage inlet valve components to well below freezing and as the diver exhales, the moisture in the exhaled breath condenses on the cold components and freezes. Heat from

1232:

If the cylinder pressure is 2,500 pounds per square inch (170 bar) or more, and the flow is great enough, (50 to 62.5 lpm), ice will often form inside most second stage demand regulators, even in water of 7.2 to 10 °C (45.0 to 50.0 °F) Once the water temperature drops below 4.4 °C

1168:

The most familiar effect of regulator freezing is where the second stage demand valve starts free flowing due to ice formation around the inlet valve mechanism that prevents the valve from closing after inhalation. Besides the problem of free flow from second stage icing, a less known problem is free

1152:

where ice formation on or in one or both stages causes the regulator to function incorrectly. Several types of malfunction are possible, including jamming of the first or second stage valves in any position from closed, to more frequently, fully open, which can produce a free-flow capable of emptying

992:

Reclaim helmets use a surface supply system to provide breathing gas to the diver in the same way as in the open circuit helmets, but also have a return system to reclaim and recycle the exhaled gas to save the expensive helium diluent, which would otherwise be discharged to the surrounding water and

859:

A non-return valve is usually fitted to the breathing hoses where they connect to the mouthpiece. This prevents any water that gets into the mouthpiece from going into the inhalation hose, and ensures that once it is blown into the exhalation hose that it cannot flow back. This slightly increases the

840:

The original twin-hose regulators usually had no ports for accessories, though some had a high pressure port for a submersible pressure gauge. Some later models have one or more low-pressure ports between the stages, which can be used to supply direct feeds for suit or BC inflation and/or a secondary

441:

The mechanism inside the first stage can be of the diaphragm type or the piston type. Both types can be balanced or unbalanced. Unbalanced regulators have the cylinder pressure pushing the first stage upstream valve closed, which is opposed by the intermediate stage pressure and a spring. As cylinder

243:

The O-ring groove for sealing the 232 and 300 bar DIN outlet connector to the valve is specified by ISO 12209 standard as having an inside diameter of 12 mm and outside diameter of 17 mm, originally with groove depth of 1.9 mm, increased to 2.0 mm in 2003. The O-ring specification

213:

The DIN fitting is a type of screw-in connection to the cylinder valve. The DIN system is less common worldwide, but has the advantage of withstanding greater pressure, up to 300 bar, allowing use of high-pressure steel cylinders. They are less susceptible to blowing the O-ring seal if banged against

1479:

Wet breathing is caused by water getting into the regulator and compromising breathing comfort and safety. Water can leak into the second stage body through damaged soft parts like torn mouthpieces, damaged exhaust valves and perforated diaphragms, through cracked housings, or through poorly sealing

1302:

In waters of 10 °C (50 °F) or colder, a cylinder pressure of 170 bars (2,500 psi) and breathing at a rate of 50 lpm) or greater, the temperature of the air entering the second stage can be well below freezing, and the higher the cylinder pressure, the colder the air will get. In water

1270:

If the water in direct contact with the pressure transfer mechanism (diaphragm or piston and the spring balancing the internal pressure), or over the sensing ports of a piston first stage of the regulator freezes, the ambient pressure feedback is lost and the mechanism will be locked in the position

1262:

Two things can cause first stage freezing. The less common is internal freezing due to excessive moisture in the gas. Most high pressure breathing air compressor filter systems provide air with a dew point down below −40 °C (−40 °F). Internal first stage freezing can happen if the moisture

1173:

coated, which allows the ice to break free of the internal surfaces and helps to prevent the regulator from free flowing by clearing the ice. This may be helpful in keeping the demand valve mechanism free to move, but the ice still forms in the regulator and has to go somewhere when it breaks loose.

1130:

Either of the stages may get stuck in the open position, causing a continuous flow of gas from the regulator known as a free-flow. This can be triggered by a range of causes, some of which can be easily remedied, others not. Possible causes include falling into the water or out of the mouth with the

993:

lost in an open circuit system. The reclaimed gas is returned to the surface through a hose in the umbilical which is provided for this purpose, passed through a scrubber to remove carbon dioxide, and can then be repressurised and blended with oxygen to the required mix before storage for later use.

905:

to increase as it flows through the smaller cross-sectional area of the constriction. At the same time, the venturi effect causes the static pressure, and therefore the density, to decrease at the constriction. Choked flow is a limiting condition where the mass flow will not increase with a further

717:

It may be desirable for the diver to have some control over the flow characteristics of the demand valve. The usual adjustable aspects are cracking pressure and the feedback from flow rate to internal pressure of the second stage housing. The inter-stage pressure of surface supplied demand breathing

704:

Animation of demand valve function during the breathing cycle. A cracking pressure adjustment knob can be seen at the left side of the valve mechanism. Screwing it in increases the pre-load on the valve spring and increases the pressure difference required to pull the diaphragm in enough to open the

659:

The exhaust manifold (exhaust tee, exhaust cover, whiskers) is the ducting that protects the exhaust valve(s) and diverts the exhaled air to the sides so that it does not bubble up in the diver's face and obscure the view. This is not necessary for twin hose regulators as they exhaust air behind the

579:

If a shut-off valve is fitted between the first and second stages, as is found on scuba bailout systems used for commercial diving and in some technical diving configurations, the demand valve will normally be isolated and unable to function as a relief valve. In this case an overpressure valve must

555:

The second stage, or demand valve reduces the pressure of the interstage air supply to ambient pressure on demand from the diver. The operation of the valve is triggered by a drop in downstream pressure as the diver breathes in. The pressure difference over the diaphragm required to initiate opening

1556:

Most regulators are fairly simple and robust mechanisms, and many do not require special tools for servicing, but for breathing gas supply they are life-support equipment, and there are usually legal implications to working on the functional components for a client, so while in most places it would

1498:

High work of breathing can be caused by high inhalation resistance, high exhalation resistance or both. High inhalation resistance can be caused by high cracking pressure, low interstage pressure, friction in second stage valve moving parts, excessive spring loading, or sub-optimum valve design. It

1470:

Gas leaks can be caused by burst or leaky hoses, defective o-rings, blown o-rings, particularly in yoke connectors, loose connections, and several of the previously listed malfunctions. Low pressure inflation hoses may fail to connect properly, or the non-return valve may leak. A burst low pressure

1332:

Metal and plastic second stages get equally cold, but they differ in how fast they cool down. Metal casings conduct heat faster so will get cold quicker, but will also warm up quicker than plastic mouldings, and plastic components may insulate metal components inside, reducing the rate of reheating

1311:

The air temperature above the ice may be considerably colder than the water under the ice, and the specific heat of air is much less than that of water. As a consequence, there is less warming of the regulator body and inter-stage gas when out of the water, and it is possible for further cooling to

1307:

exceeds 50 lpm. A free flow caused by freezing will often increase in intensity until the regulator is dumping a large amount of air, raising the exhalation effort, and making it very difficult to breathe. Air mass flow increases with depth and exertion, and the temperatures decrease accordingly. A

1181:

With some regulators, once the regulator starts free-flowing the flow escalates into a full free-flow, and delivers air to the diver at temperatures cold enough to freeze mouth tissue in a short time. The effect increases with depth, and the deeper the diver is, the faster the breathing gas will be

1117:

The moving parts in first and second stages have fine tolerances in places, and some designs are more susceptible to contaminants causing friction between the moving parts. This may increase cracking pressure, reduce flow rate, increase work of breathing or induce free-flow, depending on what parts

1074:

These are systems used to supply breathing gas on demand in a chamber which is at a pressure greater than the ambient pressure outside the chamber. The pressure difference between chamber and external ambient pressure makes it possible to exhaust the exhaled gas to the external environment, but the

721:

Scuba demand valves which are set to breathe lightly (low cracking pressure, and low work of breathing) may tend to free-flow relatively easily, particularly if the gas flow in the housing has been designed to assist in holding the valve open by reducing the internal pressure. The cracking pressure

592:

A downstream valve will function as an over-pressure valve when the inter-stage pressure is raised sufficiently to overcome the spring pre-load. If the first stage leaks and the inter-stage over-pressurizes, the second stage downstream valve opens automatically. if the leak is bad this could result

538:

where space constraints may make it necessary to swim in single file while sharing gas. Other lengths are also available. Most low pressure ports are threaded 3/8" UNF, but a few regulators were marketed with one 1/2" UNF port intended for the primary demand valve. High pressure ports are

529:

An intermediate-pressure, medium pressure, or low pressure hose, is used to carry breathing gas (typically at between 8 and 10 bar above ambient) from the first stage regulator to the second stage, or demand valve, which is held in the mouth by the diver, or attached to the full face mask or diving

520:

If a regulator stage has an architecture that compensates for a change of upstream pressure on the moving parts of the valve so that a change in supply pressure does not affect the force required to open the valve, the stage is described as balanced. Upstream and downstream valves, first and second

511:

is a flexible cover to the interstage (intermediate) pressure chamber. When the diver consumes gas from the second stage, the pressure falls in the low pressure chamber and the diaphragm deforms inwards pushing against the valve lifter. This opens the high pressure valve permitting gas to flow past

458:

Some components of piston-type first stages are easier to manufacture and have a simpler design than the diaphragm type. They may need more careful maintenance because some internal moving parts may be exposed to water and any contaminants in the water, so may be more prone to corrosion and buildup

376:

Most scuba cylinder valves are currently of the K-valve type, which is a simple manually operated screw-down on-off valve. In the mid-1960s, J-valves were widespread. J-valves contain a spring-operated valve that restricts or shuts off flow when tank pressure falls to 300-500 psi, causing breathing

183:

CGA 850 Yoke connectors (sometimes called A-clamps from their shape) are the most popular regulator connection in North America and several other countries. They clamp the high pressure inlet opening of the regulator against the outlet opening of the cylinder valve, and are sealed by an O-ring in a

1345:

When scuba diving in water between 7 and 10 °C (45 and 50 °F) the air arriving at the second stage can easily be in the −20 to −10 °C (−4 to 14 °F) range, whereas the surface supplied air will be at nearly the same temperature as the water, which in the worst case would be just

1320:

A similar effect occurs with the second stage. Air which has already expanded and cooled through the first stage expands again and cools further at the demand valve of the second stage. This cools the components of the second stage and water in contact with them may freeze. Metal components around

1294:

With each inhalation there is a sudden pressure drop from cylinder pressure of typically between 230 and 50 bar, to inter-stage pressure of typically about 8 bar above ambient pressure. If the water temperature is around 0 to 2 °C (32 to 36 °F) and breathing rate is high at 62.5 lpm, the

1139:

This is a slow leak of the first stage valve. The effect is for the interstage pressure to rise until either the next breath is drawn, or the pressure exerts more force on the second stage valve than can be resisted by the spring, and the valve opens briefly, often with a popping sound, to relieve

953:

Surface-supplied breathing gas may be supplied to a free-flow helmet or a demand supplied helmet, and the gas may be either discharged to the environment at ambient pressure or returned to the surface for recycling if this is economically desirable. Free-flow systems require a relatively high flow

863:

Some early twin hose regulators were of single-stage design. The first stage functions in a way similar to the second stage of two-stage demand valves, but would be connected directly to the cylinder valve and reduced high pressure air from the cylinder directly to ambient pressure on demand. This

580:

be fitted to the first stage if it does not already have one. As very few contemporary (2016) scuba regulator first stages are factory fitted with overpressure relief valves, they are available as aftermarket accessories which can be screwed into any low pressure port available on the first stage.

503:

Diaphragm-type first stages are more complex and have more components than the piston type. Their design makes them particularly suited to cold water diving and to working in saltwater and water containing a high degree of suspended particles, silt, or other contaminating materials, since the only

397:

Most contemporary diving regulators are single-hose two-stage demand regulators. They consist of a first-stage regulator, and a second-stage demand valve. A low pressure hose connects these components to transfer breathing gas, and allows relative movement within the constraints of hose length and

188:

against the outer cylindrical surface of the groove, completing the seal. The diver must take care not to screw the yoke down too tightly, or it may prove impossible to remove without tools. Conversely, failing to tighten sufficiently can lead to O-ring extrusion under pressure and a major loss of

1341:

In most cases surface supplied helmets and full face mask demand valves do not get cold enough to develop ice because the umbilical works as a heat exchanger and warms the air up to the water temperature. If the surface supplied diver bails out to scuba emergency gas supply, then the problems are

1177:

With most second stage scuba regulators, ice forms and builds up on internal components such as the valve actuating lever, valve housing tube, and the inlet valve poppet, the gap between the lever and fulcrum point is reduced and eventually filled by the build-up of ice that forms, preventing the

1108:

The inlet to the cylinder valve may be protected by a sintered filter, and the inlet to the first stage is usually protected by a filter, both to prevent corrosion products or other contaminants in the cylinder from getting into the fine toleranced gaps in the moving parts of the first and second

921:

The choked flow of gases is useful for semi-closed circuit rebreather gas supply because the mass flow rate is independent of the downstream pressure, and depends only on the temperature and pressure and hence the density of the gas on the upstream side of the restriction, and the geometry of the

588:

Most modern demand valves use a downstream rather than an upstream valve mechanism. In a downstream valve, the moving part of the valve opens in the same direction as the flow of gas and is kept closed by a spring. The usual form of downstream valve is a spring-loaded poppet with a hard elastomer

462:

The piston in the first stage is rigid and acts directly on the seat of the valve. The pressure in the intermediate pressure chamber drops when the diver inhales from the demand valve, this causes the piston to lift off the stationary valve seat as the piston slides into the intermediate pressure

1324:

Second stage freezing can develop quickly from the moisture in the exhaled breath, so regulators that prevent or reduce contact of the diver's exhaled breath with the colder components and the area where the cold gas enters will usually build up less ice on critical components. The heat transfer

973:

A very similar application is the regulation of gas pressure from the on-board emergency gas high-pressure storage cylinders of an open or closed diving bell. The regulator in these cases must be accessible to the bellman, so it is generally mounted at the bell gas panel. In this application the

833:

Ideally the delivered pressure is equal to the resting pressure in the diver's lungs as this is what human lungs are adapted to breathe. With a twin hose regulator behind the diver at shoulder level, the delivered pressure changes with diver orientation. if the diver rolls on his or her back the

1434:

Kirby Morgan have developed a stainless steel tube heat exchanger ("Thermo Exchanger") to warm the gas from the first stage regulator to reduce the risk of second stage scuba regulator freeze when diving in extremely cold water at temperatures down to −2.2 °C (28.0 °F). The length and

1070:

chamber the application is similar, but a further function is a supply of breathable gas in case of toxic contamination of the chamber atmosphere. This function does not require external venting, but the same equipment is typically used for supply of oxygen enriched gases, so they are generally

965:

work on exactly the same principles as the second stage scuba demand valves of single hose scuba, and in some cases may be the same unit with a different housing compatible with the specific mask or helmet. The demand valves used with surface supplied gas will normally have a supply that is not

855:

The mechanism of the twin hose regulator is packaged in a usually circular metal housing mounted on the cylinder valve behind the diver's neck. The demand valve component of a two-stage twin hose regulator is thus mounted in the same housing as the first stage regulator, and in order to prevent

642:

Exhaust valves are necessary to prevent the diver inhaling water, and to allow a negative pressure difference to be induced over the diaphragm to control the demand valve. The exhaust valves should operate at a very small pressure difference, and cause as little resistance to flow as reasonably

362:

oxygen-clean - which is exactly how the previous system worked. The O-ring used to seal the M26x2 connector has nominal dimensions of 13.9 millimetres (0.55 in) x 2.6 millimetres (0.10 in), which is a close match to the imperial standard size 113 O-ring. This connection is seldom seen

2784:

Poseidon Xstream uses large slots in the cover, to allow the heat energy of the ambient water to reach the spring and insulation to thermally isolate the inside components from the spring. The manufacturer claims that the regulator can free-flow air in fresh water of 0°C (32°F) for at least 10

1451:

If tethered, the diver can signal to the line tender with the previously agreed emergency signal (usually five or more tugs on the rope) while breathing from free-flowing regulator (less desirable option used if no alternative gas supply is available). Five pulls will usually indicate that the

1099:

There are several ways that a diving regulator can malfunction. This section will generally refer to malfunctions of regulators in the underwater environment, but surface supplied gas regulators can also malfunction. Most regulator malfunctions involve improper supply of breathing gas or water

433:

A balanced regulator first stage automatically keeps a constant pressure difference between the interstage pressure and the ambient pressure even as the tank pressure drops with consumption. The balanced regulator design allows the first stage orifice to be as large as needed without incurring

1078:

BIBS regulators for hyperbaric chambers have a two-stage system at the diver similar to reclaim helmets, though for this application the outlet regulator dumps the exhaled gas through an outlet hose to the atmosphere outside the chamber. In some cases the outlet suction must be limited and an

676:

A standard fitting on single-hose second stages, both mouth-held and built into a full-face mask or demand helmet, is the purge-button, which allows the diver to manually deflect the diaphragm to open the valve and cause air to flow into the casing. This is usually used to purge the casing or

192:

The outlet of the CGA 850 valve is on a flat surface on the valve body, inside a concentric face-sealing O-ring groove, with a conical indentation on the opposite surface of the valve body, co-axial with the O-ring groove. The yoke clamp fits around the valve body and the sealing face of the

437:

The first stage regulator body generally has several low-pressure outlets (ports) for second-stage regulators, BCD inflators and other equipment; and one or more high-pressure outlets, which allow a submersible pressure gauge (SPG), gas-integrated diving computer or remote wireless pressure

1258:

of heat energy, the regulator body will cool quickly to a temperature lower than the surrounding medium. The gas coming out of the first stage will always be colder than the water once the gas in the cylinder has reached water temperature, so when immersed in water during a dive, the water

1090:

The major application for this type of BIBS is supply of breathing gas with a different composition to the chamber atmosphere to occupants of a hyperbaric chamber where the chamber atmosphere is controlled, and contamination by the BIBS gas would be a problem. This is common in therapeutic

301:

Several manufacturers market an otherwise identical first stage varying only in the choice of cylinder valve connection. In these cases it may be possible to buy original components to convert yoke to DIN and vice versa. The complexity of the conversion may vary, and parts are not usually

1355:

Unsuitable regulator design and construction: Any design feature that reduces heat transfer between the regulator and surrounding water, such as plastic trim, can increase the risk of freezing. Regulators that are suitable and have been tested for cold water use will mention this in the

1008:

will generally pass through a back-pressure regulator in the bell, and another at the intake to the processing system. These ensure that the line pressure in the reclaim hose is at approximately 1 bar below ambient at the diver, and 2 bar below diver ambient in the bell umbilical.

617:

second stages are examples of this technology. They can produce very high flow rates for a small pressure differential, and particularly for a relatively small cracking pressure, or a small actuating diaphragm area. They are generally more complicated and expensive to service.

1274:

This freezing can be avoided by preventing water from coming into direct contact with cooled moving parts of the regulator mechanism, or by increasing the heat flow from the surrounding environment so that freezing does not occur. Both strategies are used in regulator design.

934: 512:

the valve seat into the low pressure chamber. When the diver stops inhaling, pressure in the low pressure chambers rises and the diaphragm returns to its neutral flat position and no longer presses on the valve lifter, shutting off the flow until the next breath is taken.

120:, and in the recovery of used helium based breathing gas for recycling. Some of these regulators must work underwater, others in the more forgiving conditions of the surface support area. All must work consistently and reliably, but some are parts of safety-critical 1523:

the movement of the diaphragm and other moving parts. Desensitising the second stage by closing venturi assists or increasing the valve spring pressure often stops this problem. Juddering may also be caused by excessive but irregular friction of valve moving parts.

825:

fitted. Even with both tubes fitted, raising the mouthpiece above the regulator increases the delivered pressure of gas and lowering the mouthpiece reduces delivered pressure and increases breathing resistance. As a result, many aqualung divers, when they were

966:

consistently at the same pressure above ambient pressure, so usually have a cracking pressure adjustment knob, known in the industry as "dial a breath". The breathing gas is delivered from the surface or bell gas panel via a breathing gas supply hose in the

882:. These are generally slightly modified open circuit scuba first stages with the ambient pressure input blanked off. Connection to the high pressure cylinder is the same as for open-circuit scuba, as the cylinders and valves are also for underwater service. 9323: 1308:

longer inter-stage hose will allow slightly more reheating of the inter-stage gas before it reaches the second stage valve, though the reheating is not quite proportional to hose length, and the hose material is not a particularly good conductor of heat.

221:

DIN valves are produced in 232 bar and 300 bar pressure ratings. The number of threads and the detail configuration of the connections is designed to prevent incompatible combinations of filler attachment or regulator attachment with the cylinder valve.

1285:

First stage regulators submerged in water at the same temperature, using the same supply pressure, inter-stage pressure, and flow rate will produce the same discharge gas temperature, within 1 or 2 degrees, depending on conductivity of the valve body.

568:

In an upstream valve, the moving part works against the pressure and opens in the opposite direction to the flow of gas. They are often made as tilt-valves, which are mechanically extremely simple and reliable, but are not amenable to fine tuning.

1236:

Once the water temperature drops below 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) there is not enough heat in the water to rewarm the components of the second stage being chilled by the cold gas from the first stage, and most second stages start forming ice.

284:

Adapters are available enabling a DIN first-stage to be attached to a cylinder with a yoke fitting valve (yoke adapter or A-clamp adapter), and for a yoke first stage to be attached to a DIN cylinder valve (plug adapter and block adapter).

1244:

The longer the gas expands at a high rate, the more cold gas is produced, and for a given rate of reheating, the colder the regulator components will get. Keeping high flow rates to as short a time as possible will minimise ice formation.

974:

regulator is exposed to the same ambient pressure as the divers in the bell. Pressure from the on-board gas is typically kept just below surface supply pressure, so that it will automatically cut in if the surface supply pressure fails.

463:

chamber. The now open valve permits high pressure gas to flow into the low pressure chamber until the pressure in the chamber has risen enough to push the piston back into its original position against the seat and thus close the valve.

9261: 1329:

the second stage is fitted with a shutoff valve, but if this is done, the first stage must be fitted with an over-pressure valve, as closing the supply to the second stage disables its secondary function as an over-pressure valve.

1519:. It is more common on high-performance regulators which are tuned for maximum flow and minimum work of breathing, particularly out of the water, and often reduces or resolves when the regulator is immersed and the ambient water 1100:

leaking into the gas supply. There are two main gas supply failure modes, where the regulator shuts off delivery, which is extremely rare, and free-flow, where the delivery will not stop and can quickly exhaust a scuba supply.

996:

To allow the exhaust gas to be safely discharged from the helmet to a return hose with a lower than ambient pressure, it must pass through an exhaust regulator, known as the reclaim regulator, which works on the principle of a

1160:

When air expands during pressure reduction in a regulator, the temperature drops and heat is absorbed from the surroundings. It is well known that in waters colder than 10 °C (50 °F) use of a regulator to inflate a

1153:

the diving cylinder in minutes, ice formation in the exhaust valve opening causing leakage of water into the mouthpiece, and shedding of ice shards into the inhalation air, which may be inhaled by the diver, possibly causing

1220:

Regulator design and materials: - The materials, arrangement of parts, and gas flow in the regulator affect reheating and deposition of ice. The thermal conductivity of the regulator components will affect the rate of heat

1362:

Accidental free-flow when the second stage is dropped. This is most likely when the mouthpiece faces upwards, and can cause a freeze in relatively warm water, particularly at the surface if the first stage is out of the

530:

helmet. The standard interstage hose is 30 inches (76 cm) long, but 40 inches (100 cm) hoses are standard for Octopus regulators and 7 feet (2.1 m) hoses are popular for technical diving, particularly for

87:

The parts of a regulator are described here as the major functional groups in downstream order following the gas flow from the cylinder to its final use. Details may vary considerably between manufacturers and models.

864:

could be done by using a longer lever and larger diameter diaphragm to control the valve movement, but there was a tendency for cracking pressure, and thus work of breathing, to vary as the cylinder pressure dropped.

1023: 366:

An M24x2 male thread cylinder valve was supplied with some Dräger semi-closed circuit recreational rebreathers (Dräger Ray) for use with nitrox mixtures. The regulator supplied with the rebreather had a compatible

504:

moving parts exposed to the water are the valve opening spring and the diaphragm, all other parts are sealed off from the environment. In some cases the diaphragm and spring are also sealed from the environment.

1282:(34.9 °F) as deep as 57 msw (190 fsw) without freezing, but if the second stage starts a high rate free-flow, the first stage will generally ice over rapidly and lose ambient pressure feedback. 1406:

Not breathing from the regulator until underwater. When testing the regulator before the dive, inhale only, avoid exhaling through the regulator as the moisture in the breath will freeze in the demand valve.

239:

Outlet/Connector #56 to DIN 477 part 5 - these are similar to 5-thread DIN fitting but are rated to 300 bar working pressures. The 300 bar pressures are common in European diving and in US cave diving.

1532:

Damage such as cracked housings, torn or dislodged mouthpieces, damaged exhaust fairings, can cause gas flow problems or leaks, or can make the regulator uncomfortable to use or difficult to breathe from.

1342:

identical to those for scuba, though the metal gas block and bent tube gas passages before the second stage will provide some warming of inter-stage gas beyond what a scuba set would normally provide.

841:

single hose demand valve, and a high pressure port for a submersible pressure gauge. The new Mistral is an exception as it is based on the Aqualung Titan first stage. which has the usual set of ports.

9275: 1448:

The diver will close the cylinder valve supplying the frozen regulator and change over to breathing from the standby regulator. This conserves the gas and allows the frozen regulator time to defrost.

1278:

Scuba regulators with layers of plastic on the outside are unsuitable for cold water use. Insulating the first or second stage inhibits rewarming from the surrounding water and accelerates freezing.

1480:

or fouled exhaust valves. Most causes of wet breathing are remedied by replacing, or properly attaching, the responsible components, or by removing detritus and cleaning the exhaust valve and port.

56:

use mechanically operated valves. In most cases there is ambient pressure feedback to both first and second stage, except where this is avoided to allow constant mass flow through an orifice in a

1299:

cylinder in 0 to 2 °C (32 to 36 °F) water can cause a temperature of below −31 °C (−24 °F) at the first stage, and −20 °C (−4 °F) at the inlet to the second stage.

5511: 1321:

the moving parts of the valve mechanism allow heat transfer from the surrounding slightly warmer water, and from exhaled air from the diver, which is considerably warmer than the surroundings.

9268: 10144: 6916: 9992: 6672: 5552: 354:

or pure oxygen. The idea behind this new standard is to force the dedication of cylinders and regulators to Nitrox use, to prevent a rich mixture being filled to a cylinder that is not

13021: 9282: 6911: 950:

capable of providing the necessary flow rate. Connection to the high-pressure cylinders follows the national practice for industrial high-pressure gas systems for the relevant gases.

8215: 214:

something while in use. DIN fittings are the standard in much of Europe and are available in most countries. The DIN fitting is considered more secure and therefore safer by many

1333:

by the water. Metal components can be more of a problem out of the water in very cold air, as they will draw heat from any body part they contact faster than plastic or rubber.

8141: 189:

breathing gas. This can be a serious problem if it happens when the diver is at depth. Yoke fittings are rated up to a maximum of 240 bars (3,500 psi) working pressure.

9368: 1389:

Breathing through the regulator above the ice in sub-freezing temperatures, where there is no rewarming of the gas in the interstage hose by relatively warm ambient water.

1214:

Water temperature: - Rewarming of the expanded gas and the regulator mechanism depends on water temperature, and the temperature difference between the gas and the water.

906:

decrease in the downstream pressure environment for a fixed upstream pressure and temperature. For homogeneous fluids, the physical point at which the choking occurs for

1254:

first stage. This lowers the temperature of the air, and heat is absorbed from the components of the regulator. As these components are largely metal and therefore good

1557:

be acceptable to service one's own life-support equipment, a service technician is generally expected to be certified as competent to work on a regulator for a client.

330:

EN 144-3:2003 introduced a new type of valve, similar to existing 232 bar or 300 bar DIN valves, but with a metric M26×2 thread. These are intended to be used for

8115: 1043:

installed in a confined space where an alternative to the ambient gas may be required for medical treatment, emergency use, or to minimise a hazard. They are found in

10541: 10176: 9980: 9915: 6660: 5547: 1515:

between flow rate in the second stage body and diaphragm deflection opening the valve, which is not sufficient to cause free-flow, but enough to cause the system to

1058:

The use in hyperbaric treatment chambers is usually to supply an oxygen rich treatment gas which if used as the chamber atmosphere, would constitute an unacceptable

9889: 1455:

If diving without a tether the diver should follow the guideline back to the hole and avoid leaving the line unless able to use a jump line or can see the ice hole.

12713: 10194: 10016: 5769: 414:

The first stage of the regulator is mounted to the cylinder valve or manifold via one of the standard connectors (Yoke or DIN). It reduces cylinder pressure to an

2730: 12718: 817: 10582: 9986: 6666: 155:

A 1964 scuba cylinder valve with reserve, commonly known as a "type J" valve. The inlet is threaded 3/4"-14 NPSM and the outlet is a standard CGA 850 yoke type.

3091: 6963: 2728:

In the Apeks Dry-Sealed System hydrostatic pressure, acting on the outer sealing diaphragm, is transmitted to the primary diaphragm via the load transmitter.

9254: 7923: 6340: 2904: 2611:

Ward, Mike (9 April 2014). Scuba Regulator Freezing: Chilling Facts & Risks Associated with Cold Water Diving (Report). Panama Beach, Fl.: Dive Lab, Inc.

9784: 5964: 2942: 2379: 788:

The "twin", "double" or "two" hose configuration of scuba demand valve was the first in general use. This type of regulator has two large bore corrugated

10621: 8125: 12851: 10587: 852:, but as part of the breathing loop, not as part of a regulator. The associated demand valve comprising the bail-out valve is a single hose regulator. 293: 1303:

colder than 4.4 °C (39.9 °F), the possibility of ice formation and build-up in the second stage increases considerably, particularly if the

10334: 8245: 1544:

regulator with high oxygen fraction gas at high pressure can lead to internal ignition, which may merely destroy a seal or other minor component, or

9962: 1941:

entry of contaminants and silt into the main spring chamber, and eliminates the need for messy silicone oil or grease filling inside your regulator.

10010: 8205: 6678: 2623: 830:

on the surface to save air while reaching the dive site, put the loop of hoses under an arm to avoid the mouthpiece floating up causing free flow.

1419:

Avoiding heavy work loads that would significantly increase the breathing rate and volume of air moved through the valve with each breathing cycle

104:

are used to reduce gas pressure for supply to the diver in demand and free-flow open circuit breathing apparatus, in rebreather equipment, and in

9807: 9308: 7420: 6377: 5959: 709: 12869: 10273: 10218: 10212: 10200: 10070: 10064: 10052: 10040: 7519: 1190:

When the high pressure gas passes through the regulator first stage, the pressure drop from cylinder pressure to inter-stage pressure causes a

358:. However even with use of the new system there still remains nothing except human procedural care to ensure that a cylinder with a new valve 13051: 12802: 9850: 9289: 1545: 897:

passes through a constriction into a lower pressure environment the fluid velocity increases. At initially subsonic upstream conditions, the

2484: 276: 12951: 12827: 12763: 9796: 7425: 6299: 1118:

are affected. These problems generally require the regulator to be stripped down and cleaned, usually using a heated pickle solution in an

837:

Twin hose regulators have been superseded almost completely by single hose regulators and became obsolete for most diving since the 1980s.

1208:

Breathing or volumetric flow rate: - The heat loss is proportional to the mass flow of gas, which depends on pressure and volumetric flow.

938:

Diving helmet with demand regulator showing the cracking pressure adjustment knob (knurled metal cylinder to the lower right of the photo)

12926: 12419: 10631: 10206: 10058: 9950: 9247: 8153: 8120: 8109: 6724: 2998: 2787: 13011: 12794: 10592: 10311: 9513: 7374: 2212: 10188: 9998: 1919: 13148: 12175: 9823: 9802: 9385: 9318: 8135: 5989: 572:

If the first stage leaks and the inter-stage over-pressurizes, the second stage downstream valve opens automatically resulting in a "

12081: 9790: 9124: 8260: 6806: 3096: 597:", but a slow leak will generally cause intermittent "popping" of the DV, as the pressure is released and slowly builds up again. 12554: 12180: 10267: 10138: 9633: 9042: 8717: 8620: 8285: 8147: 3953: 1804: 822: 789: 740: 728: 205: 13066: 8190: 6861: 5939: 4928: 4438: 4212: 4013: 1751: 1372:

Octo breathing provides the gas for two divers through the same first stage, and is more likely to cause first stage freezing.

13216: 12644: 10626: 10572: 10428: 9844: 8691: 5879: 4443: 2829: 1988: 821:

ed from the regulator before it could be breathed when the mouthpiece was above the regulator. After that, he had the second

159:

The first-stage of the scuba regulator may be connected to the cylinder valve by one of two standard types of fittings. The

12902: 12233: 10636: 10597: 10249: 10164: 10106: 10022: 9956: 9921: 8103: 6744: 6642: 6362: 5557: 4774: 4714: 4690: 2820:

Smith, R. Todd; Dituri, Joseph (August 2008). "26: Expeditions ~ Arctic Ice Diving". In Mount, Tom; Dituri, Joseph (eds.).

5397: 1439:

of the block allows sufficient heat from the water to warm the air to within one to two degrees of the surrounding water.

13087: 13061: 12302: 10034: 9866: 8722: 7896: 7396: 5764: 4578: 4348: 2097: 1493: 1263:

content is higher than dew point because the filling compressor separators and filter media are not maintained properly.

12213: 2861: 2692: 13136: 12864: 12593: 12465: 9818: 6734: 6545: 6289: 5949: 5121: 2460: 2349: 1458:

Emergency ascent if directly under the hole in the ice and in visible range. (least desirable option short of drowning)

1416:

Depressing the purge button for no more than 5 seconds prior to or during the dive, and avoiding even this if possible

918:

of 1. At choked flow, the mass flow rate can be increased only by increasing density upstream and at the choke point.

634: 13016: 8210: 8045: 7071: 6866: 6684: 5924: 5859: 5730: 4933: 4053: 3665: 3228: 2765: 2538: 2258: 2195: 2170: 2053: 2017: 1903: 1730: 1614: 878:

Constant mass flow semi-closed circuit diving rebreathers need a gas supply that has a constant pressure to feed the

9134: 2233:. Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. 1655: 1630: 164: 13156: 12887: 12218: 10557: 10451: 10046: 8630: 7794: 7671: 7251: 6535: 5874: 5537: 4976: 2366:

Operation and Maintenance Manual for the 17C Ultrajewel 601 Helmet Part Number: A10170 Document Number: P1884-OM-56

5824: 780: 12971: 12738: 10316: 8892: 8097: 8091: 5929: 5725: 2991: 97: 8369: 2870:. Costa Mesa, California: American Academy of Underwater sciences. Archived from the original on October 7, 2008 2734: 11498: 10562: 10513: 10497: 10406: 10279: 9855: 9778: 9614: 8908: 8672: 7829: 7789: 7688: 7408: 6811: 6327: 6160: 6128: 5934: 5542: 5297: 4516: 4182: 3776: 3516: 2697:. La Jolla, CA: Scripps Institution of Oceanography. p. 100. Archived from the original on October 7, 2008 970:, which commonly uses a JIC-6 or 9/16 UNF fitting at the diver's end of the hose, which is usually 3/8" bore. 393:

A single-hose regulator fitted to a diving cylinder with the second stage (demand valve) on the left hand hose

12403: 12269: 12223: 11990: 11788: 10602: 10182: 10088: 8590: 8280: 8275: 8080: 7980: 7906: 7779: 7181: 7171: 6690: 5979: 5974: 5864: 5754: 5742: 5720: 4680: 4455: 4202: 3213: 2889: 2715: 2422: 1834: 772: 605:

Some demand valves use a small, sensitive pilot valve to control the opening of the main valve. The Poseidon

508: 1867: 1386:

Low water temperature: Water directly under the ice is likely to be colder than deeper water in fresh water.

1217:

Duration of flow:- During high flow rates heat loss is faster than rewarming, and gas temperature will drop.

873: 539:

almost exclusively 7/16" UNF. There is no possibility of connecting a hose to the wrong pressure port.

13182: 12966: 12961: 12789: 12070: 11893: 11808: 11713: 11438: 10659: 10567: 10423: 9884: 9813: 9491: 8884: 8876: 8234: 7470: 7261: 6969: 6294: 5944: 5909: 5869: 5695: 5074: 3660: 2247:

Methods For The Calculation Of Physical Effects Due To Releases Of Hazardous Substances (Liquids and Gases)

13041: 12487: 12255: 11608: 11443: 11217: 10771: 10411: 10261: 10230: 10100: 10004: 9927: 9860: 9764: 9503: 9451: 8900: 8610: 8000: 7865: 7814: 6831: 6437: 6037: 5532: 5327: 4885: 4631: 4137: 3028: 681: 547: 101: 10679: 4376: 2631: 13170: 13163: 13124: 13056: 12622: 12562: 12238: 12128: 11698: 11668: 11348: 10435: 10082: 8965: 8394: 7975: 6956: 6540: 6022: 5984: 5914: 5086: 5033: 3526: 2984: 2659: 2124: 1953: 1776: 160: 151: 113: 2275: 12956: 12165: 10112: 10028: 9654: 9496: 9481: 9446: 8970: 8732: 8667: 7870: 7844: 7737: 7676: 7336: 6749: 6332: 6322: 6121: 5608: 5473: 4918: 4600: 4548: 4504: 3424: 2824:(1st ed.). Miami Shores, Florida: International Association of Nitrox Divers. pp. 297–304. 1511:

This is caused by an irregular and unstable flow from the second stage, It may be caused by unstable

1304: 1018: 946:

breathing gases from high pressure storage systems to the gas panel for diving are normal industrial

77: 8868: 146: 13194: 12607: 12502: 11039: 10831: 10224: 9535: 9395: 9324:

ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers

9102: 9017: 8916: 8758: 8578: 8384: 8250: 7321: 7283: 7047: 5969: 5889: 5670: 5347: 5267: 4290: 3711: 3544: 2883: 1566: 5247: 2398:

Handbook of submarine escape: part 2 - built-in breathing system (B.I.B.S.): BR 241(2), ADM 234/53

12996: 12807: 12527: 12393: 12170: 11638: 11468: 10881: 10846: 10492: 9486: 9463: 9240: 9179: 9032: 8982: 8489: 8484: 8449: 8320: 8255: 8050: 8025: 8005: 7860: 7445: 7384: 7346: 7144: 6921: 6826: 6530: 6485: 6465: 6455: 6255: 6064: 5779: 5292: 5252: 5068: 4533: 4499: 4408: 4328: 4227: 3943: 3788: 3643: 3340: 3267: 3235: 3058: 3053: 2491: 1500: 1080: 998: 943: 651: 418:, usually about 8 to 11 bars (120 to 160 psi) higher than the ambient pressure, also called 125: 109: 73: 65: 2312: 807:

prototype, there was no exhaust hose, and the exhaled air exited through a one-way valve at the

12600: 12570: 12398: 12279: 11959: 11598: 11282: 11257: 10861: 10694: 10094: 8782: 8600: 8499: 8439: 7985: 7834: 7666: 7661: 7599: 7112: 7107: 7088: 7017: 6936: 6841: 6821: 6719: 6611: 6172: 6155: 6143: 6116: 5849: 5715: 4626: 4413: 3886: 3611: 3444: 3287: 3240: 3195: 3175: 2941:

Anthony, Gavin; Mitchell, Simon J. (2016). Pollock, N.W.; Sellers, S.H.; Godfrey, J.M. (eds.).

1225: 1224:

Breathing gas composition: - The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature depends on the

793: 499:

Animation of the internal components of a diaphragm-type first stage during the breathing cycle

30:

The purge button (top-centre) is held away from the diaphragm by a spring. The valve is closed.

9154: 2794: 2163:

Basic Scuba. Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus: Its Operation, Maintenance and Use

13046: 12728: 12723: 12482: 12470: 12317: 12031: 11398: 11353: 11137: 10811: 10477: 10306: 10170: 9968: 8955: 8940: 8635: 8625: 8558: 8553: 8409: 8404: 8389: 8351: 8270: 8265: 7604: 7587: 7455: 7450: 7369: 6974: 6881: 6636: 6450: 6138: 6133: 6059: 5954: 5844: 5774: 5635: 5630: 5242: 5115: 4648: 4423: 4247: 4098: 4073: 4023: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3677: 3292: 3282: 3250: 2952:

Rebreathers and Scientific Diving. Proceedings of NPS/NOAA/DAN/AAUS June 16–19, 2015 Workshop

2627: 1067: 983: 800: 688:. Any time that the purge button is operated, the diver must be aware of the potential for a 339: 322:

There are also cylinder valves intended for scuba cylinders containing gases other than air:

272:

A yoke (A-clamp) to DIN adaptor allows connection of a DIN regulator to a Yoke cylinder valve

260: 175:. There are also European standards for scuba regulator connectors for gases other than air. 7970: 2450:

U.S. Navy Supervisor of Diving (April 2008). "Chapter 21: Recompression Chamber Operation".

1844:(2nd ed.). Lübeck, Germany: Dräger Sicherheitstechnik GmbH. August 1999. pp. 46–88 1259:

surrounding the regulator is cooled and, if this water is already very cold, it can freeze.

13092: 13082: 13006: 12941: 12374: 12284: 12245: 12200: 12116: 12111: 11578: 11573: 11463: 11338: 11029: 10994: 10482: 10076: 9340: 9117: 9057: 8945: 8798: 8444: 8085: 8010: 7891: 7592: 7552: 7326: 7196: 7156: 6772: 6729: 6714: 6480: 6475: 6233: 6091: 6086: 5919: 5894: 5854: 5237: 5222: 5110: 4870: 4829: 4804: 4653: 4553: 4523: 4162: 4068: 3958: 3803: 3704: 3682: 3655: 3509: 3439: 3367: 3160: 1927: 1202: 967: 898: 297:

Parts and tools to convert an Apeks first stage diving regulator from DIN to Yoke connector

142: 2186:

Busuttili, Mike; Holbrook, Mike; Ridley, Gordon; Todd, Mike, eds. (1985). "The Aqualung".

1452:

surface tender should pull the diver to the surface, or in this case, the hole in the ice.

1378:

long bursts of dry suit inflation or BC inflation while breathing from the same regulator.

756: 168: 8: 12936: 12615: 12312: 12155: 12150: 11964: 11924: 11878: 11783: 11568: 11277: 10709: 10577: 10396: 9974: 9674: 9619: 9605: 9508: 9007: 8950: 8929: 8777: 8563: 8469: 8464: 7824: 7625: 7293: 7239: 7122: 6931: 6816: 6654: 6626: 6519: 6442: 6217: 6165: 6054: 5904: 5690: 5660: 5580: 5468: 5463: 5287: 5262: 5018: 4865: 4759: 4754: 4252: 4038: 3913: 3896: 3891: 3849: 3759: 3223: 1369:

Buddy breathing provides the gas for two divers through the same first and second stages.

1048: 121: 10739: 9184: 9072: 9022: 2485:"A Lightweight, and Extremely Robust, Built in Breathing System for Hyperbaric Chambers" 256:

A block adaptor screws into a DIN cylinder valve to allow connection of a yoke regulator

209:

Left side cylinder valve for barrel seal manifold with blanking plug and DIN connection

96:

Gas pressure regulators are used for several applications in the supply and handling of

12991: 12837: 12579: 12492: 12364: 12352: 12228: 11673: 11252: 11182: 11019: 10984: 10969: 10941: 10901: 10891: 10536: 10487: 10456: 10118: 9909: 9684: 9669: 9585: 9233: 9047: 8975: 8847: 8595: 8419: 8195: 8130: 8055: 8020: 8015: 7995: 7935: 7875: 7774: 7656: 7440: 7273: 7149: 6886: 6422: 6150: 6111: 6049: 5784: 5527: 5417: 5342: 5272: 5159: 4981: 4860: 4675: 4665: 4467: 4262: 3866: 3277: 3245: 3117: 2709: 2663: 2453:

U.S. Navy Diving Manual. Volume 5: Diving Medicine and Recompression Chamber Operations

2041: 1255: 1191: 1005: 987: 947: 845: 808: 163:

850 connector, also known as an international connector, which uses a yoke clamp, or a

81: 69: 39: 5332: 1812: 1211:

Depth: - Mass flow is proportional to downstream pressure for a given volumetric flow.

700: 252: 13189: 12630: 12424: 12357: 12347: 12190: 12185: 12140: 12123: 12021: 11868: 11848: 11693: 11663: 11553: 11513: 11493: 11483: 11433: 11418: 11393: 11323: 11247: 11172: 11122: 10921: 10886: 10816: 10761: 10401: 10357: 10255: 9727: 9722: 9664: 9600: 9578: 9553: 9468: 9129: 9002: 8992: 7990: 7698: 7693: 7635: 7582: 7465: 7460: 7331: 7288: 7191: 7061: 7032: 6994: 6941: 6648: 6591: 6586: 6317: 6279: 6177: 6096: 5640: 5625: 5506: 5437: 5412: 5367: 5023: 4911: 4875: 4734: 4685: 4605: 4494: 4428: 4338: 4242: 4132: 4088: 4043: 4033: 4018: 3935: 3699: 3616: 3155: 3038: 3018: 3007: 2916: 2903:

Mitchell, Simon J.; Cronjé, Frans J.; Meintjes, W. A. Jack; Britz, Hermie C. (2007).

2825: 2761: 2534: 2345: 2191: 2185: 2166: 2049: 2013: 1984: 1899: 1726: 1610: 1541: 1489: 1084: 1063: 907: 713:

Cracking pressure adjusting knob and flow deflector lever on Apeks TX100 demand valve

61: 53: 47: 11934: 11818: 11813: 10964: 10936: 10916: 10821: 5357: 3973: 2905:"Fatal Respiratory Failure During a "Technical" Rebreather Dive at Extreme Pressure" 1201:

Cylinder pressure: - The temperature drop is proportional to the pressure drop. See

12986: 12705: 12676: 12668: 12106: 11743: 11718: 11683: 11653: 11643: 11563: 11458: 11428: 11363: 11333: 11237: 11222: 11107: 10989: 10906: 10871: 10801: 10704: 10418: 9694: 9689: 9679: 9659: 9573: 9558: 9456: 9169: 8997: 8960: 8803: 8414: 8399: 7945: 7940: 7509: 7435: 7430: 7391: 7379: 7316: 7311: 7076: 6876: 6606: 6596: 6345: 5839: 5665: 5603: 5432: 5337: 5028: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4381: 4308: 4222: 4217: 3978: 3837: 3822: 3726: 3648: 3521: 3419: 3080: 1149: 776:

Twin 7l cylinders with Draeger harness, valves, manifold and regulator from c. 1965

479: 194: 20: 5819: 4147: 2076: 12477: 12307: 12101: 11898: 11888: 11873: 11768: 11763: 11708: 11688: 11628: 11613: 11603: 11518: 11508: 11503: 11478: 11473: 11448: 11423: 11378: 11308: 11287: 11102: 11082: 10946: 10866: 10699: 9595: 9520: 9097: 9062: 9012: 8857: 8842: 8808: 8712: 8543: 8474: 8459: 8379: 8040: 7901: 7640: 7534: 7529: 7497: 7244: 7234: 7216: 6946: 6561: 6210: 6101: 6012: 5884: 5799: 5759: 5700: 5680: 5392: 5382: 5282: 5257: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5098: 5062: 4850: 4700: 4511: 4489: 4433: 4418: 4391: 4083: 3993: 3793: 3063: 2262: 1399:

Keeping the interior of the second-stage completely dry before entering the water

1119: 215: 172: 43: 8832: 8434: 5302: 12832: 12332: 12091: 12026: 12000: 11954: 11863: 11858: 11833: 11773: 11753: 11738: 11728: 11588: 11558: 11488: 11262: 11132: 11127: 11077: 11014: 10876: 10856: 10766: 10729: 10719: 10714: 9433: 9144: 9077: 9067: 8827: 8504: 8494: 8454: 8060: 8035: 8030: 7965: 7955: 7839: 7351: 7278: 7166: 6851: 6405: 6187: 6032: 5407: 5362: 5352: 5181: 5149: 5092: 4834: 4824: 4809: 4779: 4724: 4590: 4353: 4197: 3923: 3901: 3881: 3815: 3744: 3692: 3461: 3434: 3389: 3218: 2664:"Authorized for cold-water service: What Divers Should Know About Extreme Cold" 2254:. The Hague: The Netherlands Organization Of Applied Scientific Research. 2005. 1413:

Preventing water from entering the second-stage chamber during or between dives

1174:

If inhaled, a piece of ice can cause laryngospasm or a serious coughing spell.

1044: 1027:

Navy divers testing the built-in breathing masks inside a recompression chamber

962: 911: 886: 668: 378: 347: 117: 26: 11024: 5227: 16:

Arrangement and function of the components of regulators for underwater diving

13210: 13097: 12779: 12771: 12652: 12327: 12250: 12160: 11985: 11883: 11853: 11838: 11828: 11803: 11793: 11733: 11678: 11658: 11648: 11618: 11593: 11538: 11523: 11383: 11328: 11272: 11242: 11227: 11192: 11152: 11112: 11092: 11087: 11034: 10931: 10911: 10841: 10836: 10796: 9525: 9473: 9361: 9354: 9159: 9149: 8837: 8605: 8568: 8535: 8374: 7577: 7572: 7557: 7139: 7129: 6871: 6795: 6739: 6367: 6225: 6203: 6106: 6081: 6076: 6044: 5427: 5377: 5317: 5312: 5277: 5217: 5212: 5080: 5054: 4996: 4901: 4789: 4323: 3948: 3810: 3739: 3721: 3716: 3687: 3494: 3429: 3414: 3317: 3297: 3150: 3132: 1040: 958: 923: 471: 398:

flexibility. Other low pressure hoses supply optional additional components.

331: 327: 4769: 4187: 4028: 2451: 487: 406: 12897: 12859: 12386: 12342: 12047: 12016: 11995: 11969: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11929: 11903: 11823: 11778: 11723: 11703: 11583: 11548: 11533: 11373: 11232: 11207: 11197: 11177: 11157: 11054: 10974: 10896: 10806: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10391: 9745: 9590: 9568: 9530: 9052: 8640: 8615: 8429: 8327: 8303: 8200: 7960: 7784: 7567: 7268: 7256: 7186: 7176: 7161: 7095: 7042: 6984: 6836: 6616: 6071: 5804: 5710: 5655: 5613: 5598: 5501: 5402: 5307: 5232: 5104: 5013: 5001: 4814: 4595: 4573: 4450: 4403: 4333: 4257: 4232: 3983: 3566: 3504: 3484: 3312: 3043: 2920: 1537: 1436: 1154: 1062:. In this application the exhaust gas is vented outside of the chamber. In 535: 355: 311: 105: 12537: 4764: 1425:

Keeping the regulator in warm surroundings prior to the dive, if possible.

450: 12931: 12892: 12814: 12660: 12532: 12460: 12369: 12337: 12322: 11798: 11758: 11633: 11543: 11528: 11453: 11318: 11313: 11267: 11202: 11187: 11162: 11147: 11044: 10979: 10926: 10826: 10734: 10689: 10552: 10375: 9710: 9189: 9174: 9139: 9112: 9092: 9087: 9082: 8987: 8727: 8311: 7769: 7714: 7303: 7206: 7201: 7100: 7083: 7037: 7027: 6951: 6896: 6767: 6709: 6601: 6581: 6571: 6566: 6395: 6357: 6263: 6247: 6027: 5899: 5650: 5485: 5480: 5322: 5144: 5139: 5049: 4855: 4799: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4318: 4207: 3908: 3754: 3731: 3672: 3621: 3554: 3549: 3489: 3451: 3362: 3332: 3307: 3302: 3255: 3140: 3112: 3023: 1059: 915: 894: 879: 812: 685: 531: 483:

Diagram of the internal components of an unbalanced diaphragm first stage

430:. The breathing gas is then supplied to the second stage through a hose. 4749: 672:

The purge button (top-centre) is depressed. The valve is partially open.

495: 454:

Diagram of the internal components of a balanced piston-type first stage

268: 12981: 12976: 12946: 12879: 12692: 12684: 12381: 11908: 11623: 11388: 11212: 11142: 11097: 11072: 10851: 10461: 9750: 9715: 9563: 9347: 9107: 8818: 8696: 8645: 8527: 8479: 8424: 7719: 7562: 7012: 6989: 6576: 5809: 5620: 5453: 5422: 5387: 5372: 5008: 4986: 4958: 4906: 4744: 4641: 4636: 4396: 4313: 4172: 4157: 3798: 3764: 3638: 3633: 3499: 3384: 3190: 3145: 3048: 3033: 1052: 849: 827: 811:. It worked out of water, but when he tested the aqualung in the river 57: 2860:

Somers, Lee H. (1987). Lang, Michael A.; Mitchell, Charles T. (eds.).

2245: 1031: 491:

Diagram of the internal components of a balanced diaphragm first stage

12586: 12519: 12512: 11843: 11748: 11343: 11167: 11117: 11049: 10724: 9164: 8749: 8522: 8346: 7950: 7819: 7630: 7609: 7226: 7117: 6410: 6240: 5154: 4794: 4621: 4462: 4386: 4358: 4152: 4122: 4078: 3918: 3876: 3749: 3628: 3581: 3466: 3456: 3374: 3170: 2954:. Wrigley Marine Science Center, Catalina Island, CA. pp. 66–79. 1516: 804: 307: 2976: 2785:

minutes and be completely unaffected. X-stream user manual page 11,

1960:. Santa Maria California: Diving Equipment Company of America (DECA) 796:

and Aqualung brought out an updated version of the Mistral in 2005.

626: 13022:

Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command

11410: 10684: 9313: 7764: 7759: 7681: 7134: 7022: 6906: 6891: 6400: 6195: 5458: 5164: 4819: 4583: 4543: 4343: 4063: 3588: 3559: 3409: 3357: 3350: 3345: 1926:. Blackburn, United Kingdom: Apeks Marine Equipment. Archived from 1512: 1393: 1162: 902: 890: 816: 764: 689: 594: 573: 1462:

Protocol for a regulator freeze often includes aborting the dive.

1349: 680:

The purge button is also used by recreational divers to inflate a

475:

Diagram of the internal components of a diaphragm-type first stage

13001: 12822: 12637: 8548: 7341: 6432: 6350: 5994: 5829: 5814: 5789: 5705: 5645: 5174: 5169: 4991: 4880: 4784: 4142: 3593: 3576: 3571: 3379: 3322: 3122: 1520: 860:

flow resistance of air, but makes the regulator easier to clear.

8216:

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

5512:

Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming

2459:. SS521-AG-PRO-010, Revision 6. U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command. 2344:(second ed.). Gosport, Hampshire: Submex Ltd. p. 238. 2165:(Enlarged Second ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 2006:"Protective clothing, scuba equipment and equipment maintenance" 1811:. Pompano Beach, Florida: Dive Gear Express, LLC. Archived from 12549: 12544: 6490: 6372: 5834: 5794: 4729: 4695: 4267: 4237: 3185: 3180: 3165: 1527: 1170: 434:

performance degradation as a result of changing tank pressure.

351: 335: 185: 8142:

Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association

2449: 1359:

High flow rates through the regulator. This can be caused by:

885:

Choked flow is a compressible flow effect associated with the

12758: 12737: 9369:

The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure

7524: 6979: 4923: 4192: 4177: 4167: 4127: 4093: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3988: 1442: 303: 2098:"Aqua Lung Debuts the Comeback of the Double Hose Regulator" 1861: 1859: 1435:

relatively good thermal conductivity of the tubing, and the

1205:. The risk is greater for high-pressure cylinders when full. 922:

restriction. Under choked conditions, valves and calibrated

389: 4739: 3968: 3963: 2902: 2533:. Warner, New Hampshire: Airspeed Press. pp. 155–165. 1122:, rinsed, dried, lubricated, reassembled and recalibrated. 8116:

National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology

6917:

Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus

1896:

Investigating Recreational and Commercial Diving Accidents

1777:"SCUBA Valves: SCUBA Regulator DIN Connector O-ring Sizes" 638:

Synthetic elastomer mushroom exhaust valve on demand valve

12753: 12748: 2934: 2005: 1889: 1887: 1856: 302:

interchangeable between manufacturers. The conversion of

228: 136: 12714:

International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office

10195:

International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers

10017:

International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers

5770:

Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei

1609:. Warner, New Hampshire: Airspeed Press. pp. 1–26. 1375:

Filling a lift bag or DSMB from the breathing regulator.

338:

content above that normally found in natural air in the

12719:

Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)

9262:

Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving

6912:

Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment

1983:(4th ed.). Ventura, California: Hammerhead Press. 1336: 1012: 306:

regulators is particularly simple and only requires an

280:

DIN valve with plug adaptor for yoke attachment fitted

10588:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

9993:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

8577: 6673:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

5553:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

3092:

Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment

2969:(4th ed.). Warner, New Hampshire: Airspeed Press. 2760:. Warner, New Hampshire: Airspeed press. p. 195. 2188:

Sport diving – The British Sub-Aqua Club Diving Manual

2179: 1884: 1835:"Dräger Ray Mixed Gas-Rebreather Instructions for Use" 1548:

a significant part of the equipment and surroundings.

784:

Duckbill exhaust valve for Draeger twin hose regulator

76:, and to control the safe exhaust of exhaled gas from 72:

to conserve expensive helium based breathing gases in

2813: 2358: 1865: 38:

is the arrangement of components and function of gas

9785:

International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum

1506: 10622:

14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship

8126:

Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine

2896: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2490:. Aberdeen, Scotland: C-Tecnics Ltd. Archived from 2092: 2090: 2069: 2048:(2nd ed.). Wigan, UK: Dive Print. p. 48. 2012:(2nd ed.). Wigan, UK: Dive Print. p. 35. 1912: 1771: 1769: 768:

Beuchat "Souplair" single stage twin hose regulator

12199: 10542:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 10177:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 9981:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 9916:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 6661:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 5741: 5548:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 2046:Let's Dive: Sub-Aqua Association Club Diver Manual 2010:Let's Dive: Sub-Aqua Association Club Diver Manual 1946: 910:conditions, is when the exit plane velocity is at 10335:United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course 8246:History of decompression research and development 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2190:. London: Stanley Paul & Co Ltd. p. 36. 1605:Harlow, Vance (1999). "1 How a regulator works". 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1094: 926:can be used to produce a desired mass flow rate. 695: 13208: 12069: 10268:National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group 10011:International Association for Handicapped Divers 8233: 8206:List of legislation regulating underwater diving 6679:International Association for Handicapped Divers 6421: 4664: 2749: 2509: 2333: 2087: 2077:"Vintage European Two Hose Regulator Collection" 1766: 1394:Precautions to reduce risk of regulator freezing 867: 746:Inhalation flow with venturi assist de-activated 384: 131: 10583:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 9987:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 9808:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9309:Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) 7421:Association of Diving Contractors International 6667:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 2940: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2230:Handbook of Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 1898:. Santa Barbara, California: Hammerhead Press. 1872:. Washington, DC.: US Naval Sea Systems Command 1350:Factors increasing the risk of regulator freeze 874:Rebreather diving § Constant mass flow SCR 264:DIN plug adaptor for compatible cylinder valves 12870:Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia) 10274:National Association of Underwater Instructors 10219:Rebreather Association of International Divers 10213:Professional Technical and Recreational Diving 10201:Professional Association of Diving Instructors 10071:Rebreather Association of International Divers 10065:Professional Technical and Recreational Diving 10053:Professional Association of Diving Instructors 10041:National Association of Underwater Instructors 9963:Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée 7520:List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders 2645: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1579: 1483: 1197:The factors that influence ice formation are: 1134: 751: 13052:Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid 12803:Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28 9851:Commercial diver registration in South Africa 9422: 6186: 5860:Namibian Marine Corps Operational Diving Unit 5679: 2992: 2822:Exploration and Mixed Gas Diving Encyclopedia 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2445: 2443: 2372: 1623: 1289: 734:Inhalation flow with venturi assist activated 551:Second stage diaphragm for Apeks demand valve 466: 342:(i.e. 22–100%). From August 2008, these were 91: 12952:Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association 12828:Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System 9797:International Marine Contractors Association 7426:International Marine Contractors Association 6300:International Marine Contractors Association 4289: 2838: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2143: 1893: 1528:Physical damage to the housing or components 1422:Ensuring that the scuba air is moisture-free 1366:Purging can cause extremely high flow rates. 929: 233:Outlet/Connector #13 to DIN 477 part 1. 12927:Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia 12420:Environmental impact of recreational diving 10632:Underwater Orienteering World Championships 10207:Professional Diving Instructors Corporation 10059:Professional Diving Instructors Corporation 9951:American Canadian Underwater Certifications 9248:Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival 8154:United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit 8121:Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory 8110:European Underwater and Baromedical Society 7005: 6725:Environmental impact of recreational diving 2958: 2944:Respiratory Physiology of Rebreather Diving 2909:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2819: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2307: 2305: 2299:ref from PDC training manual? IMCA sup man? 2116: 1972: 1739: 1648: 1039:A built-in breathing system is a source of 957:The demand valves used on surface-supplied 13143: 13012:Society for Underwater Historical Research 10593:South African Underwater Sports Federation 7375:Testing and inspection of diving cylinders 7231:Hazard identification and risk assessment 2999: 2985: 2477: 2440: 1827: 1752:"San-o-Sub DIN/K Cylinder Valve - 232 bar" 1443:Procedures for managing a regulator freeze 1035:Side view of BIBS mask supported by straps 600: 445: 12878: 12176:Physiological response to water immersion 10240: 9824:World Recreational Scuba Training Council 9803:List of diver certification organizations 9386:List of Divers Alert Network publications 9319:IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving 8136:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society 5990:Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces) 5965:US Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions 2547: 1725:. Warner, New Hampshire: Airspeed Press. 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1148:Regulator freezing is a malfunction of a 317: 147:Diving cylinder § The cylinder valve 12082:List of researchers in underwater diving 9791:International Diving Schools Association 9276:The new science of skin and scuba diving 8261:List of researchers in underwater diving 6807:Human factors in diving equipment design 3097:Human factors in diving equipment design 2778: 2691:Lang, M.A.; Stewart, J.R., eds. (1992). 2681: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2340:Bevan, John, ed. (2005). "Section 5.3". 2302: 2039: 2003: 1954:"KM Over Pressure Relief Valve, Hi-Flow" 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1103: 1030: 1022: 933: 779: 771: 763: 755: 708: 699: 667: 650: 633: 625: 546: 494: 486: 478: 470: 449: 405: 388: 292: 275: 267: 259: 251: 204: 150: 25: 12181:Thermal balance of the underwater diver 10312:Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center 10189:Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee 10139:American Academy of Underwater Sciences 9999:Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee 9043:1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident 8718:International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame 8621:R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle 8286:US Navy decompression models and tables 8148:Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society 6518: 5579: 3954:Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment 2615: 2423:"Ultralite 2 BIBS Mask (DE-MDS-540-R0)" 2268: 2220: 2216:(Sixth ed.). McGraw-Hill Co. 1984. 2160: 2104:. Bonnier corporation. 16 February 2005 1754:. Melbourne, Victoria: The Scuba Doctor 1248: 371: 112:are used in the exhaust systems of the 13209: 13067:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center 12798:-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle 12767:-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle 8191:Civil liability in recreational diving 6862:List of diving hazards and precautions 5940:Special Operations Battalion (Croatia) 4929:Underwater acoustic positioning system 4439:High pressure breathing air compressor 2964: 2868:1987 AAUS - Cold Water Diving Workshop 2859: 2758:Scuba regulator maintenance and repair 2755: 2694:AAUS Polar Diving Workshop Proceedings 2658: 2531:Scuba regulator maintenance and repair 2529:Harlow, Vance (1999). "10 Diagnosis". 2528: 2390: 2122: 1978: 1723:Scuba regulator maintenance and repair 1720: 1607:Scuba regulator maintenance and repair 1604: 1315: 760:A Dräger two-stage twin-hose regulator 137:Connection to the high pressure supply 12449: 12068: 10658: 10657: 10627:Underwater Hockey World Championships 10573:British Underwater Sports Association 10356: 10355: 9845:Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme 9546: 9421: 9214: 8692:1992 cageless shark-diving expedition 8232: 8179: 7495: 6793: 6517: 5880:Operational Diving Division (SA Navy) 5578: 4956: 4444:Low pressure breathing air compressor 4288: 3078: 3006: 2980: 2722: 2404: 2339: 2204: 2033: 1997: 1799: 1797: 1673: 1551: 1185: 1143: 977: 655:Exhaust ducting on scuba demand valve 178: 13131: 12903:Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment 12234:Thermodynamic model of decompression 10637:Underwater Rugby World Championships 10250:Cave Divers Association of Australia 10165:American Nitrox Divers International 10023:International Life Saving Federation 9957:American Nitrox Divers International 9922:Performance Freediving International 8104:European Diving Technology Committee 6745:Sinking ships for wreck diving sites 6643:Cave Divers Association of Australia 6363:Remotely operated underwater vehicle 5960:US Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance 5558:Performance Freediving International 4775:Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System 4691:Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station 3079: 2788:"Xstream User manual : English" 2610: 2400:. Board of Admiralty, UK. 1954–1957. 2237: 2213:Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook 1894:Barsky, Steven; Neuman, Tom (2003). 1381:High breathing rate due to exertion. 1337:Surface supplied breathing equipment 1013:Built-in breathing system regulators 984:Diving helmet § Reclaim helmets 583: 13088:Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device 12303:List of diving environments by type 10598:Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu 10107:Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu 10035:National Academy of Scuba Educators 9867:Department of Employment and Labour 9269:Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving 8723:London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures 7897:Effects of drugs on fitness to dive 7496: 7397:Breathing performance of regulators 2621: 2466:from the original on March 31, 2014 1869:US Navy Diving Manual, 6th revision 1494:Breathing performance of regulators 1192:temperature drop as the gas expands 646: 350:for all diving equipment used with 167:screw fitting to connect it to the 13: 12865:Submarine escape training facility 12466:Defense against swimmer incursions 9819:Recreational diver course referral 6735:Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands 6546:Outline of recreational dive sites 5950:Special Warfare Diving and Salvage 5122:Variable weight apnea without fins 2380:"Built-In Breathing System (BIBS)" 2368:(Revision: 8 ed.). JFD Divex. 2342:The Professional Divers's Handbook 1920:"Environmental Dry Sealing System" 1794: 1112: 942:The regulators used for providing 630:Air flow through the exhaust valve 563: 524: 288: 14: 13228: 13017:Society for Underwater Technology 8211:Investigation of diving accidents 6794: 6685:Quintana Roo Speleological Survey 5925:Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka) 5765:Combat Divers Service (Lithuania) 4934:Underwater acoustic communication 3666:Underwater acoustic communication 3229:Variable buoyancy pressure vessel 1507:Juddering, shuddering and moaning 844:The twin-hose arrangement with a 621: 200: 42:used in the systems which supply 13188: 13176: 13142: 13130: 13119: 13118: 12888:Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus 12214:Bühlmann decompression algorithm 10558:Australian Underwater Federation 10047:Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond 9215: 8631:Shallow Water Combat Submersible 7795:Swimming-induced pulmonary edema 7672:Inner ear decompression sickness 7252:Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue 6536:Index of recreational dive sites 5875:Naval Special Operations Command 5538:Australian Underwater Federation 1981:Diving in High-Risk Environments 1474: 889:. When a flowing gas at a given 739: 727: 13177: 12972:Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club 12648:-class deep submergence vehicle 10317:Underwater Escape Training Unit 8098:Diving Medical Advisory Council 8092:Diving Diseases Research Centre 5930:Special Forces Command (Turkey) 2293: 2123:Warren, Steve (November 2015). 1631:"Valve to Regulator Connection" 1567:Diving rebreather#Failure modes 848:or full-face mask is common in 663: 542: 19:For a general description, see 10563:British Freediving Association 10280:Technical Diving International 9856:Divers Institute of Technology 9779:European Underwater Federation 9615:Surface-supplied diving skills 7830:Hyperbaric treatment schedules 7790:Salt water aspiration syndrome 7689:High-pressure nervous syndrome 6964:Diver behaviour and competence 6812:Human factors in diving safety 6328:Baited remote underwater video 6161:Underwater search and recovery 6129:Underwater cutting and welding 5935:Special Forces Group (Belgium) 5543:British Freediving Association 5298:Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych 4957: 4517:Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor 4183:Diving Unlimited International 3828:Mechanism of diving regulators 3517:Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor 1095:Malfunctions and failure modes 696:User adjustable flow modifiers 692:and be ready to deal with it. 401: 36:mechanism of diving regulators 1: 12404:Underwater diving environment 12224:Reduced gradient bubble model 12219:Haldane's decompression model 10603:Underwater Society of America 10183:Diving Science and Technology 10089:Scuba Educators International 9283:Professional Diver's Handbook 8591:Advanced SEAL Delivery System 8281:Pearling in Western Australia 8276:Timeline of diving technology 8081:Aerospace Medical Association 7981:Guybon Chesney Castell Damant 7907:Psychological fitness to dive 7780:Instinctive drowning response 7182:Gas blending for scuba diving 6691:Woodville Karst Plain Project 5980:Underwater Demolition Command 5975:Underwater Construction Teams 5865:Naval Diving Unit (Singapore) 5825:Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine 5755:Clearance Diving Branch (RAN) 5721:United States military divers 4681:Continental Shelf Station Two 4456:Gas blending for scuba diving 1842:90 21 365 - GA 2215.000 de/en 1572: 1429: 948:pressure reduction regulators 901:principle requires the fluid 868:Constant mass flow regulators 556:of the valve is known as the 385:Single-hose demand regulators 132:Open-circuit scuba regulators 13217:Underwater diving regulators 12967:Nautical Archaeology Society 12962:Nautical Archaeology Program 12790:NATO Submarine Rescue System 12071:Science of underwater diving 11809:Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 11714:Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger 10568:British Octopush Association 9885:Divers Academy International 9814:Nautical Archaeology Society 9492:Public safety diver training 9478:Occupational diver training 8370:Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont 8235:History of underwater diving 7471:Standard operating procedure 7262:Hierarchy of hazard controls 6295:Helix Energy Solutions Group 5945:Special Service Group (Navy) 5910:Special Air Service Regiment 5870:Naval Service Diving Section 5696:Canadian Armed Forces Divers 5075:Constant weight without fins 3661:Through-water communications 2756:Harlow, Vance (1999). "13". 2746:Stages, accessed 27 May 2012 1805:"How to select a SCUBA tank" 1465: 1125: 515: 237:300 bar DIN (7-thread, G5/8) 128:must not put lives at risk. 102:Pressure reducing regulators 60:, which requires a constant 7: 13042:Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory 12488:Underwater domain awareness 12256:Physiology of decompression 11444:Michael Barratt (astronaut) 10262:Global Underwater Explorers 10101:Scuba Schools International 10005:Global Underwater Explorers 9928:Scuba Schools International 9861:Health and Safety Executive 9504:Recreational diver training 8611:Motorised Submersible Canoe 8001:Robert William Hamilton Jr. 7866:Diving Medical Practitioner 7815:Demand valve oxygen therapy 6832:Underwater diving emergency 6438:Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun 6038:Recreational diver training 5533:Scuba Schools International 4632:Combat rubber raiding craft 4138:Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique 3029:Atmospheric pressure diving 2626:. Department of Chemistry, 1560: 1484:Excessive work of breathing 1135:Intermediate pressure creep 752:Twin-hose demand regulators 682:delayed surface marker buoy 247: 10: 13233: 13057:Neutral Buoyancy Simulator 12239:Varying Permeability Model 12129:Underwater computer vision 10436:Underwater target shooting 10083:Scuba Diving International 9443:Competence and assessment 8966:Peter Henry Michael Holmes 6957:Uncontrolled decompression 6541:List of wreck diving sites 6023:Commercial offshore diving 5985:Underwater Demolition Team 5915:Special Actions Detachment 5087:Dynamic apnea without fins 5034:Underwater target shooting 4579:Launch and recovery system 4349:Launch and recovery system 3527:Submersible pressure gauge 2081:www.vintagescubasupply.com 2042:"Practical diver training" 1487: 1290:Interstage gas temperature 1016: 981: 871: 467:Diaphragm-type first stage 140: 114:built-in breathing systems 98:breathing gases for diving 92:Types of diving regulators 78:built-in breathing systems 62:absolute upstream pressure 18: 13114: 13075: 13030: 12957:Karst Underwater Research 12915: 12850: 12704: 12501: 12456: 12450: 12445: 12412: 12295: 12268: 12166:Equivalent narcotic depth 12139: 12090: 12077: 12064: 12040: 12009: 11978: 11917: 11409: 11296: 11063: 11003: 10955: 10748: 10670: 10666: 10653: 10614: 10522: 10506: 10470: 10444: 10384: 10368: 10364: 10351: 10325: 10297: 10153: 10145:CMAS Scientific Committee 10127: 10113:United Diving Instructors 10029:Israeli Diving Federation 9937: 9898: 9875: 9833: 9763: 9738: 9703: 9655:Advanced Open Water Diver 9647: 9632: 9497:Scientific diver training 9482:Commercial diver training 9447:Competency-based learning 9432: 9428: 9423:Training and registration 9417: 9394: 9378: 9332: 9299: 9225: 9221: 9210: 9031: 8971:Johnson Sea Link accident 8928: 8856: 8817: 8791: 8770: 8748: 8741: 8733:Women Divers Hall of Fame 8705: 8684: 8668:Raid on Alexandria (1941) 8658: 8513: 8360: 8337: 8294: 8241: 8228: 8186: 8175: 8069: 7922: 7915: 7884: 7871:Diving Medical Technician 7853: 7845:Therapeutic recompression 7807: 7750: 7738:Carbon monoxide poisoning 7728: 7707: 7677:Isobaric counterdiffusion 7649: 7618: 7543: 7508: 7504: 7491: 7407: 7360: 7337:Diving systems technician 7302: 7215: 7060: 6850: 6802: 6789: 6758: 6750:Underwater diving on Guam 6700: 6625: 6554: 6526: 6513: 6386: 6333:In-water surface cleaning 6308: 6278: 6122:Archaeology of shipwrecks 6011: 5609:Commercial offshore diver 5591: 5587: 5574: 5520: 5494: 5446: 5190: 5132: 5042: 4969: 4965: 4952: 4894: 4843: 4713: 4614: 4601:Recreational Dive Planner 4549:Built-in breathing system 4532: 4505:Pressure swing adsorption 4367: 4301: 4297: 4284: 4111: 4052: 3934: 3865: 3775: 3602: 3535: 3477: 3425:Lightweight demand helmet 3400: 3331: 3266: 3204: 3131: 3105: 3087: 3074: 3014: 2967:Oxygen Hacker's Companion 2888:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2714:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2161:Roberts, Fred M. (1963). 1019:Built-in breathing system 1006:topside processing system 930:Surface supply regulators 13062:Space Systems Laboratory 10832:Fernando Garfella Palmer 10680:Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro 10231:Technical Extended Range 10225:Trimix Scuba Association 9536:Stress exposure training 9103:Fernando Garfella Palmer 8385:Giovanni Alfonso Borelli 8251:History of Diving Museum 7322:Diver medical technician 7072:Ascending and descending 7048:Non-freezing cold injury 5890:Russian commando frogmen 5671:Underwater archaeologist 4291:Diving support equipment 3712:Emergency locator beacon 3545:Diver propulsion vehicle 2276:"Divex Diver Umbilicals" 2129:Divernet - Gear features 2040:Brittain, Colin (2004). 2004:Brittain, Colin (2004). 1071:vented to the exterior. 1004:Reclaim gas flow to the 794:underwater photographers 410:First stage disassembled 110:Back-pressure regulators 66:Back-pressure regulators 12997:Save Ontario Shipwrecks 12808:Russian submarine AS-34 12528:American submarine NR-1 12394:Recreational dive sites 12171:Maximum operating depth 11918:Writers and journalists 11439:Serena Auñón-Chancellor 10882:Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova 10847:Swietenia Puspa Lestari 10493:Underwater orienteering 9487:Military diver training 9464:Diver training standard 9241:U.S. Navy Diving Manual 9160:Chris and Chrissy Rouse 8983:Gerard Anthony Prangley 8485:Willard Franklyn Searle 8450:Christian J. Lambertsen 8256:History of scuba diving 8180: 8051:Charles Wesley Shilling 8026:Christian J. Lambertsen 8006:Henry Valence Hempleman 7861:Diving Medical Examiner 7446:Emergency response plan 7385:Sustained load cracking 7347:Life support technician 6922:Single point of failure 6827:Scuba diving fatalities 6531:Recreational dive sites 6486:ASM-DT amphibious rifle 6466:AAI underwater revolver 6456:SPP-1 underwater pistol 6065:Underwater construction 5780:Frogman Corps (Denmark) 5293:Elisabeth Kristoffersen 5069:Constant weight bi-fins 4500:Membrane gas separation 4409:Carbon dioxide scrubber 4329:Diving platform (scuba) 3944:Carbon dioxide scrubber 3789:Atmospheric diving suit 3341:Atmospheric diving suit 3236:Diving weighting system 3059:Surface-supplied diving 3054:Surface oriented diving 1979:Barsky, Steven (2007). 1781:www.divegearexpress.com 1656:"Valve Pressure Rating" 1501:carbon dioxide toxicity 1081:back-pressure regulator 999:back-pressure regulator 914:conditions; i.e., at a 601:Servo-controlled valves 446:Piston-type first stage 126:single point of failure 74:surface-supplied diving 12399:Underwater environment 12280:Underwater exploration 12210:Decompression models: 11283:John Ernest Williamson 10862:Anna Marguerite McCann 10695:Amelia Behrens-Furniss 10514:Underwater photography 10498:Underwater photography 10385:Snorkeling/breath-hold 10095:Scottish Sub Aqua Club 9890:Norwegian diver school 9514:ISO training standards 8783:Tham Luang cave rescue 8601:Dry Combat Submersible 8500:Pierre-Marie Touboulic 8440:Karl Heinrich Klingert 7986:Kenneth William Donald 7835:In-water recompression 7667:Dysbaric osteonecrosis 7662:Decompression sickness 7600:Compression arthralgia 7113:Decompression practice 7089:Canoe and kayak diving 7018:Decompression sickness 6842:Water surface searches 6822:Safety-critical system 6720:Diving in the Maldives 6612:Underwater photography 6451:Heckler & Koch P11 6173:Underwater videography 6156:Underwater photography 6144:Nondestructive testing 6117:Underwater archaeology 5850:Marine Raider Regiment 5716:Royal Navy ships diver 5474:Shallow-water blackout 4627:Canoe and kayak diving 4414:Cascade filling system 3887:Decompression cylinder 3612:Alternative air source 3445:Standard diving helmet 3288:Decompression cylinder 2965:Harlow, Vance (2001). 2313:"Reclaim Basic Set Up" 1924:First Stage Technology 1721:Harlow, Vance (1999). 1660:www.scubadoctor.com.au 1635:www.scubadoctor.com.au 1226:specific heat capacity 1036: 1028: 939: 785: 777: 769: 761: 714: 706: 673: 656: 639: 631: 552: 500: 492: 484: 476: 455: 411: 394: 318:Other connection types 298: 281: 273: 265: 257: 210: 156: 31: 13047:Neutral buoyancy pool 12729:Submarine rescue ship 12724:McCann Rescue Chamber 12483:Rugged compact camera 12471:Diver detection sonar 12318:Confined water diving 12032:James Joseph Magennis 11669:Michael López-Alegría 11399:Aristotelis Zervoudis 11138:John Christopher Fine 10812:John Christopher Fine 10478:Immersion finswimming 10307:Defence Diving School 10171:British Sub-Aqua Club 9969:British Sub-Aqua Club 8956:Francis P. Hammerberg 8636:Siluro San Bartolomeo 8626:SEAL Delivery Vehicle 8559:Standard diving dress 8405:Charles Anthony Deane 8390:Joseph-Martin Cabirol 8352:Jason deCaires Taylor 8271:Man in the Sea Museum 8266:Lyons Maritime Museum 7605:Decompression illness 7588:Middle ear barotrauma 7456:Diving superintendent 7451:Diving safety officer 7370:Breathing gas quality 6975:Overconfidence effect 6637:British Sub-Aqua Club 6462:Underwater revolvers 6139:Underwater inspection 6134:Underwater demolition 6060:Offshore construction 5955:Tactical Divers Group 5845:Marinejegerkommandoen 5775:Decima Flottiglia MAS 5731:U.S.Navy master diver 5636:Diving superintendent 5631:Diving safety officer 5243:Mandy-Rae Cruickshank 5116:Variable weight apnea 4649:Diving support vessel 4424:Diving air compressor 4099:Standard diving dress 4074:Diving air compressor 3857:Full-face diving mask 3845:Single-hose regulator 3833:Regulator malfunction 3736:Navigation equipment 3678:Diving safety harness 3293:Decompression trapeze 3283:Decompression chamber 2628:University of Arizona 2261:9 August 2007 at the 1104:Inlet filter blockage 1068:surface decompression 1034: 1026: 937: 783: 775: 767: 759: 712: 703: 671: 654: 637: 629: 550: 498: 490: 482: 474: 453: 416:intermediate pressure 409: 392: 296: 279: 271: 263: 255: 208: 154: 29: 13093:Scuba diving therapy 13083:Nautilus Productions 13007:Sea Research Society 12942:Divers Alert Network 12375:Torricellian chamber 12285:Deep-sea exploration 12246:Equivalent air depth 12117:Modulated ultrasound 12112:Underwater acoustics 11579:Christopher E. Gerty 11574:Michael L. Gernhardt 11464:Timothy J. Broderick 11339:William Hogarth Main 11030:Jean-Michel Cousteau 10995:Krzysztof Starnawski 10077:Sub-Aqua Association 9341:The Darkness Beckons 8872:diving bell accident 8799:John Day (carpenter) 8321:Queen Anne's Revenge 8086:Divers Alert Network 8011:Leonard Erskine Hill 7892:Atrial septal defect 7593:Pulmonary barotrauma 7553:Alternobaric vertigo 7197:Scuba gas management 7157:Diver communications 6773:Underwater Bike Race 6730:Scuba diving tourism 6715:Diving in East Timor 6481:APS underwater rifle 6476:ADS amphibious rifle 6092:Public safety diving 6087:Potable water diving 5920:Special Boat Service 5895:Sappers Divers Group 5855:Minedykkerkommandoen 5253:Leonardo D'Imporzano 5111:Skandalopetra diving 4871:Hyperbaric stretcher 4830:T1200 Trenching Unit 4805:Sea Dragon-class ROV 4654:HMS Challenger (K07) 4554:Decompression tables 4524:Oxygen compatibility 3959:Cryogenic rebreather 3804:Scuba cylinder valve 3705:Screw gate carabiner 3683:Emergency gas supply 3644:Diver's cutting tool 3510:Helium release valve 3440:Shallow water helmet 3368:Standard diving suit 3214:Buoyancy compensator 3161:Emergency gas supply 2810:accessed 27 May 2012 2497:on 25 September 2018 2384:www.halehamilton.com 1249:First stage freezing 1203:general gas equation 1049:hyperbaric treatment 899:conservation of mass 372:Cylinder valve types 143:Scuba cylinder valve 122:life-support systems 12937:Coral Reef Alliance 12313:Benign water diving 12156:Cold shock response 11925:Michael C. Barnette 11879:Douglas H. Wheelock 11784:David Saint-Jacques 11569:Ronald J. Garan Jr. 11278:Michele Westmorland 10578:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 10397:Underwater football 9975:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 9675:Introductory diving 9620:Underwater searches 9606:Diamond Reef System 9509:Introductory diving 9333:General non-fiction 9255:Underwater Handbook 9155:François de Roubaix 9008:Lothar Michael Ward 8951:Victor F. Guiel Jr. 8778:Alpazat cave rescue 8685:Scientific projects 8564:Sub Marine Explorer 8470:Joseph Salim Peress 8465:Ernest William Moir 7825:Hyperbaric medicine 7626:Freediving blackout 7294:Situation awareness 7240:Job safety analysis 7123:Ratio decompression 6932:Cold shock response 6882:Entanglement hazard 6817:Life-support system 6655:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 6520:Recreational diving 6447:Underwater pistols 6341:Cavitation cleaning 6166:Underwater searches 6055:Marine construction 5905:Special Air Service 5691:Army engineer diver 5661:Public safety diver 5581:Professional diving 5469:Deep-water blackout 5464:Freediving blackout 5288:Mehgan Heaney-Grier 5019:Underwater football 4866:Hyperbaric lifeboat 4760:Goldfish-class ROUV 4755:Global Explorer ROV 4717:underwater vehicles 4253:Shearwater Research 3914:Scuba configuration 3897:Manifolded twin set 3892:Independent doubles 3850:Twin-hose regulator 3760:Surface marker buoy 2773:the main diaphragm. 1930:on 17 November 2016 1809:divegearexpress.com 1316:Second stage freeze 420:interstage pressure 82:hyperbaric chambers 70:gas reclaim systems 40:pressure regulators 13035:Astronaut training 12992:Rubicon Foundation 12838:URF (Swedish Navy) 12623:Russian submarine 12611:-class submersible 12581:Deepsea Challenger 12566:-class bathyscaphe 12493:Underwater vehicle 12365:Penetration diving 12353:Black-water diving 12229:Thalmann algorithm 12041:Commercial salvors 11674:Joseph B. MacInnis 11183:Joseph B. MacInnis 11020:David Attenborough 10942:Peter Throckmorton 10902:Andreas Rechnitzer 10892:Mendel L. Peterson 10753:archaeologists and 10537:AIDA International 10488:Underwater cycling 10471:Open Circuit Scuba 10457:Apnoea finswimming 10369:Surface snorkeling 10119:YMCA SCUBA Program 9910:AIDA International 9685:Master Scuba Diver 9670:CMAS** scuba diver 9648:Core diving skills 9586:Finning techniques 9452:Refresher training 9234:NOAA Diving Manual 9048:Ricardo Armbruster 8976:Edwin Clayton Link 8848:Natalia Molchanova 8596:Cosmos CE2F series 8554:Porpoise regulator 8420:Auguste Denayrouze 8196:Diving regulations 8131:Rubicon Foundation 8056:Edward D. Thalmann 8021:Felix Hoppe-Seyler 8016:Brian Andrew Hills 7996:John Scott Haldane 7971:Albert A. Bühlmann 7936:Arthur J. Bachrach 7876:Hyperbaric nursing 7775:Immersion diuresis 7657:Avascular necrosis 7441:Diving regulations 7150:Scuba gas planning 6472:Underwater rifles 6151:Underwater logging 6112:Submarine pipeline 6050:Hyperbaric welding 5785:Fuerzas Especiales 5528:AIDA International 5418:Devrim Cenk Ulusoy 5343:Natalia Molchanova 5273:Francisco Ferreras 5160:Snorkel (swimming) 4982:Apnoea finswimming 4886:Reserve gas supply 4861:ENOS Rescue-System 4676:Aquarius Reef Base 4468:Gas reclaim system 4263:Submarine Products 3936:Diving rebreathers 3278:Decompression buoy 3246:Integrated weights 2863:The under ice dive 2125:"The History Boys" 1552:Service and repair 1186:Mechanism of icing 1144:Regulator freezing 1037: 1029: 988:Gas reclaim system 978:Reclaim regulators 940: 786: 778: 770: 762: 715: 707: 674: 657: 640: 632: 553: 501: 493: 485: 477: 456: 412: 395: 340:Earth's atmosphere 299: 282: 274: 266: 258: 211: 197:may be necessary. 179:CGA 850 connection 157: 32: 13204: 13203: 13110: 13109: 13106: 13105: 12911: 12910: 12846: 12845: 12558:class bathyscaphe 12441: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12425:Low impact diving 12358:Blue-water diving 12348:Open-water diving 12264: 12263: 12191:Work of breathing 12186:Underwater vision 12124:Underwater vision 12060: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12022:Ian Edward Fraser 11869:John Morgan Wells 11849:Mark T. Vande Hei 11694:K. Megan McArthur 11664:Kjell N. Lindgren 11599:José M. Hernández 11554:Andrew J. Feustel 11514:Philippe Cousteau 11494:Catherine Coleman 11484:Gregory Chamitoff 11454:Robert L. Behnken 11434:Richard R. Arnold 11419:Andrew Abercromby 11394:Valerie van Heest 11324:Jochen Hasenmayer 11248:Philippe Tailliez 11173:Henry Way Kendall 11123:Bernard Delemotte 10922:Stephanie Schwabe 10887:John Peter Oleson 10817:George R. Fischer 10762:Michael Arbuthnot 10755:environmentalists 10660:Underwater divers 10649: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10402:Underwater hockey 10358:Underwater sports 10347: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10293: 10292: 10289: 10288: 10256:Cave Diving Group 9876:Commercial diving 9759: 9758: 9739:Specialist skills 9728:Master Instructor 9723:Diving instructor 9704:Leadership skills 9665:CMAS* scuba diver 9628: 9627: 9601:Low impact diving 9579:Valsalva maneuver 9554:Combat sidestroke 9469:Diving instructor 9413: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9302:Codes of Practice 9206: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9130:Henry Way Kendall 9003:Richard A. Walker 8993:Robert John Smyth 8706:Awards and events 8661:covert operations 8654: 8653: 8224: 8223: 8171: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 7991:William Paul Fife 7926:diving physiology 7803: 7802: 7746: 7745: 7699:Nitrogen narcosis 7694:Hydrogen narcosis 7583:Dental barotrauma 7487: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7466:Operations manual 7461:Diving supervisor 7332:Diving supervisor 7327:Diver's attendant 7289:Safety data sheet 7192:Rebreather diving 7056: 7055: 6995:Willful violation 6942:Nitrogen narcosis 6785: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6649:Cave Diving Group 6592:Rebreather diving 6587:Open-water diving 6509: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6318:Abrasive waterjet 6274: 6273: 6178:Underwater survey 6097:Scientific diving 6007: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5641:Diving supervisor 5626:Diving instructor 5570: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5507:Octopus wrestling 5438:Nataliia Zharkova 5413:William Trubridge 5368:Umberto Pelizzari 5024:Underwater hockey 4948: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4912:Saturation spread 4735:Atlantis ROV Team 4715:Remotely operated 4709: 4708: 4686:Helgoland Habitat 4606:Saturation system 4495:Nitrox production 4429:Diving air filter 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4243:Oceanic Worldwide 4133:Aqua Lung America 4107: 4106: 4089:Scuba replacement 4069:Diver's umbilical 4034:Siebe Gorman CDBA 4019:Mark IV Amphibian 3656:Diver's telephone 3617:Octopus regulator 3156:Decompression gas 3039:Saturation diving 3019:Diving activities 3008:Underwater diving 2831:978-0-915539-10-9 2624:"Joule Expansion" 1990:978-0-9674305-7-7 1490:Work of breathing 1085:work of breathing 1064:saturation diving 968:diver's umbilical 584:Downstream valves 558:cracking pressure 536:wreck penetration 54:Diving regulators 48:underwater diving 13224: 13192: 13180: 13179: 13146: 13145: 13134: 13133: 13122: 13121: 13031:Neutral buoyancy 12987:Reef Life Survey 12876: 12875: 12852:Submarine escape 12739:Deep-submergence 12735: 12734: 12706:Submarine rescue 12503:Deep-submergence 12499: 12498: 12447: 12446: 12293: 12292: 12197: 12196: 12107:Neutral buoyancy 12088: 12087: 12066: 12065: 11894:Jeffrey Williams 11744:Nicholas Patrick 11719:Andreas Mogensen 11684:Thomas Marshburn 11654:Dominic Landucci 11644:Karen Kohanowich 11564:Satoshi Furukawa 11459:Randolph Bresnik 11429:Clayton Anderson 11364:Arthur C. Clarke 11334:Jarrod Jablonski 11238:Wesley C. Skiles 11223:Leni Riefenstahl 11108:Jacques Cousteau 10990:Claudia Serpieri 10907:William R. Royal 10872:Charles T. Meide 10802:James P. Delgado 10740:Arne Zetterström 10705:Jacques Cousteau 10668: 10667: 10655: 10654: 10523:Sports governing 10419:Underwater rugby 10366: 10365: 10353: 10352: 10328:training courses 10300:training centres 10238: 10237: 10128:Scientific diver 9834:Commercial diver 9831: 9830: 9769:and registration 9695:Supervised diver 9690:Open Water Diver 9680:Low Impact Diver 9660:Autonomous diver 9645: 9644: 9574:Frenzel maneuver 9559:Diver navigation 9544: 9543: 9457:Skill assessment 9430: 9429: 9419: 9418: 9223: 9222: 9212: 9211: 9185:Esbjörn Svensson 9170:Wesley C. Skiles 9073:Cláudio Coutinho 9023:Arne Zetterström 8998:Albert D. Stover 8961:Craig M. Hoffman 8804:Charles Spalding 8746: 8745: 8575: 8574: 8415:Louis de Corlieu 8400:Jacques Cousteau 8292: 8291: 8230: 8229: 8177: 8176: 7946:Peter B. Bennett 7941:Albert R. Behnke 7920: 7919: 7616: 7615: 7541: 7540: 7506: 7505: 7493: 7492: 7436:Contingency plan 7431:Code of practice 7392:Diving regulator 7380:Hydrostatic test 7317:Chamber operator 7300: 7299: 7077:Emergency ascent 7003: 7002: 6848: 6847: 6791: 6790: 6607:Technical diving 6597:Sidemount diving 6552: 6551: 6515: 6514: 6419: 6418: 6346:Pressure washing 6184: 6183: 5840:Marine Commandos 5739: 5738: 5677: 5676: 5666:Scientific diver 5604:Commercial diver 5589: 5588: 5576: 5575: 5433:Alessia Zecchini 5338:Alexey Molchanov 5248:Yasemin Dalkılıç 5029:Underwater rugby 4967: 4966: 4954: 4953: 4919:Hot water system 4844:Safety equipment 4662: 4661: 4483:Gas storage tube 4478:Gas storage quad 4473:Gas storage bank 4382:Activated carbon 4309:Boarding stirrup 4302:Access equipment 4299: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4223:Johnson Outdoors 4218:HeinrichsWeikamp 4056:diving equipment 4054:Surface-supplied 3979:Halcyon PVR-BASC 3863: 3862: 3838:Regulator freeze 3823:Diving regulator 3727:Shark-proof cage 3522:Pneumofathometer 3420:Free-flow helmet 3103: 3102: 3081:Diving equipment 3076: 3075: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2949: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2887: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2857: 2836: 2835: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2799: 2793:. Archived from 2792: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737:on 10 April 2014 2733:. Archived from 2731:"Apeks Products" 2726: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2688: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2630:. Archived from 2619: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2545: 2544: 2526: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2496: 2489: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2427: 2419: 2402: 2401: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2320:www.subseasa.com 2317: 2309: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2280: 2272: 2266: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2158: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2094: 2085: 2084: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1891: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1866:US Navy (2006). 1863: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1815:on 15 April 2015 1801: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1773: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1748: 1737: 1736: 1718: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1602: 1150:diving regulator 944:surface-supplied 820: 743: 731: 647:Exhaust manifold 231:(5-thread, G5/8) 216:technical divers 195:emergency ascent 21:Diving regulator 13232: 13231: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13221: 13207: 13206: 13205: 13200: 13102: 13071: 13034: 13032: 13026: 12919: 12917: 12907: 12874: 12842: 12740: 12733: 12700: 12617:Limiting Factor 12504: 12497: 12478:Offshore survey 12452: 12429: 12408: 12308:Altitude diving 12291: 12271: 12260: 12202: 12195: 12142: 12135: 12102:Metre sea water 12093: 12086: 12073: 12052: 12036: 12005: 11974: 11913: 11899:Sunita Williams 11889:Dafydd Williams 11874:Joachim Wendler 11769:Kathleen Rubins 11764:Garrett Reisman 11709:Simone Melchior 11689:Matthias Maurer 11629:Norishige Kanai 11614:Akihiko Hoshide 11604:John Herrington 11519:Timothy Creamer 11509:Fabien Cousteau 11504:Craig B. Cooper 11479:Scott Carpenter 11474:Berry L. Cannon 11449:Robert A. Barth 11424:Joseph M. Acaba 11405: 11379:John Chatterton 11309:Graham Balcombe 11298: 11292: 11288:J. Lamar Worzel 11103:Neville Coleman 11083:Georges Beuchat 11065: 11059: 11007: 11005: 10999: 10957: 10951: 10947:Cristina Zenato 10867:Innes McCartney 10754: 10752: 10750: 10744: 10700:James F. Cahill 10672: 10662: 10641: 10610: 10527:and federations 10526: 10524: 10518: 10502: 10466: 10440: 10380: 10360: 10339: 10327: 10321: 10299: 10285: 10242: 10236: 10157: 10155: 10154:Technical diver 10149: 10131: 10129: 10123: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9933: 9902: 9900: 9894: 9877: 9871: 9837: 9835: 9829: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9755: 9734: 9699: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9624: 9596:Buddy breathing 9542: 9521:Teaching method 9435: 9424: 9405: 9390: 9374: 9328: 9301: 9295: 9217: 9194: 9135:Artur Kozłowski 9098:Maurice Fargues 9063:Berry L. Cannon 9034: 9027: 9018:Bradley Westell 9013:Joachim Wendler 8931: 8924: 8920:diving accident 8912:diving accident 8904:diving accident 8896:diving accident 8894:Stena Seaspread 8888:diving accident 8880:diving accident 8859: 8852: 8843:Nicholas Mevoli 8813: 8809:Ebenezer Watson 8787: 8766: 8737: 8713:Hans Hass Award 8701: 8680: 8675:Rainbow Warrior 8673:Sinking of the 8660: 8650: 8582: 8580: 8573: 8544:Magnesium torch 8515: 8509: 8475:Auguste Piccard 8460:John Lethbridge 8380:Georges Beuchat 8362: 8356: 8339: 8333: 8296: 8290: 8237: 8220: 8182: 8159: 8073: 8071: 8065: 8041:Neal W. Pollock 7927: 7925: 7911: 7902:Fitness to dive 7880: 7849: 7799: 7752: 7742: 7730: 7724: 7703: 7645: 7641:Oxygen toxicity 7614: 7545: 7539: 7530:Motion sickness 7511: 7500: 7498:Diving medicine 7475: 7412: 7410: 7403: 7362: 7356: 7298: 7245:Risk assessment 7235:Hazard analysis 7218: 7211: 7063: 7052: 7001: 6947:Oxygen toxicity 6853: 6846: 6798: 6777: 6760: 6754: 6702: 6696: 6628: 6621: 6562:Altitude diving 6550: 6522: 6497: 6424: 6417: 6388: 6382: 6310: 6304: 6281: 6270: 6182: 6102:Ships husbandry 6014: 5999: 5885:Royal Engineers 5800:Grup Gerak Khas 5760:Commando Hubert 5746: 5744: 5737: 5726:U.S. Navy diver 5701:Clearance diver 5682: 5675: 5583: 5562: 5516: 5490: 5442: 5398:Martin Štěpánek 5393:Aharon Solomons 5383:Stig Severinsen 5333:Stéphane Mifsud 5283:Flavia Eberhard 5258:Flavia Eberhard 5223:Derya Can Göçen 5208:Peppo Biscarini 5203:Simone Arrigoni 5198:Deborah Andollo 5186: 5128: 5099:No-limits apnea 5063:Constant weight 5038: 4961: 4940: 4890: 4851:Diver down flag 4839: 4716: 4705: 4701:Tektite habitat 4667: 4660: 4610: 4535: 4528: 4512:Oxygen analyser 4490:Helium analyzer 4434:Water separator 4392:Molecular sieve 4369: 4363: 4293: 4272: 4115: 4113: 4103: 4055: 4048: 3994:Interspiro DCSC 3930: 3868: 3861: 3794:Diving cylinder 3780: 3778: 3771: 3604: 3598: 3537: 3531: 3478:Instrumentation 3473: 3402: 3396: 3327: 3269: 3262: 3206: 3200: 3127: 3106:Basic equipment 3101: 3083: 3070: 3064:Unmanned diving 3010: 3005: 2975: 2974: 2963: 2959: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2901: 2897: 2884:cite conference 2881: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2858: 2839: 2832: 2818: 2814: 2803: 2801: 2800:on 4 March 2016 2797: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2768: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2707: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2660:Clarke, John R. 2657: 2646: 2637: 2635: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2548: 2541: 2527: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2456: 2448: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2405: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2263:Wayback Machine 2243: 2242: 2238: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2198: 2184: 2180: 2173: 2159: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2096: 2095: 2088: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2038: 2034: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1977: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1933: 1931: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1892: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1740: 1733: 1719: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1603: 1580: 1575: 1563: 1554: 1530: 1509: 1496: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1445: 1432: 1396: 1356:specifications. 1352: 1339: 1318: 1292: 1251: 1188: 1146: 1137: 1128: 1120:ultrasonic bath 1115: 1113:Sticking valves 1106: 1097: 1045:diving chambers 1021: 1015: 990: 980: 963:full-face masks 932: 876: 870: 790:breathing tubes 754: 747: 744: 735: 732: 698: 666: 649: 624: 603: 586: 566: 564:Upstream valves 545: 527: 525:Interstage hose 518: 469: 448: 424:medium pressure 404: 387: 379:scuba manifolds 374: 363:outside the EU. 320: 291: 289:Conversion kits 250: 203: 181: 173:diving cylinder 149: 139: 134: 118:diving chambers 94: 44:breathing gases 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13230: 13220: 13219: 13202: 13201: 13199: 13198: 13186: 13174: 13167: 13160: 13152: 13140: 13128: 13115: 13112: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13104: 13103: 13101: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13079: 13077: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13038: 13036: 13033:facilities for 13028: 13027: 13025: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12923: 12921: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12908: 12906: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12882: 12873: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12856: 12854: 12848: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12835: 12833:Type 7103 DSRV 12830: 12825: 12820: 12812: 12811: 12810: 12805: 12792: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12777: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12745: 12743: 12741:rescue vehicle 12732: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12710: 12708: 12702: 12701: 12699: 12698: 12690: 12682: 12674: 12666: 12658: 12650: 12642: 12635: 12628: 12620: 12613: 12605: 12598: 12591: 12584: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12568: 12560: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12530: 12525: 12517: 12509: 12507: 12496: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12463: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12443: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12435: 12434: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12427: 12422: 12416: 12414: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12390: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12378: 12377: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12355: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12333:Inshore diving 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12299: 12297: 12296:Classification 12290: 12289: 12288: 12287: 12276: 12274: 12266: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12242: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12207: 12205: 12194: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12147: 12145: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12131: 12121: 12120: 12119: 12109: 12104: 12098: 12096: 12085: 12084: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12062: 12061: 12058: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12050: 12044: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12034: 12029: 12027:Sydney Knowles 12024: 12019: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12003: 12001:John Volanthen 11998: 11993: 11991:Richard Harris 11988: 11982: 11980: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11960:Trevor Jackson 11957: 11955:Hillary Hauser 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11935:Philippe Diolé 11932: 11927: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11864:Shannon Walker 11861: 11859:Rex J. Walheim 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11834:Daniel M. Tani 11831: 11826: 11821: 11819:Hervé Stevenin 11816: 11814:Robert Sténuit 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11774:Dick Rutkowski 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11754:Thomas Pesquet 11751: 11746: 11741: 11739:Luca Parmitano 11736: 11731: 11729:John D. Olivas 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11699:Craig McKinley 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11589:Chris Hadfield 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11559:Michael Fincke 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11489:Steve Chappell 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11415: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11368: 11367: 11366: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11302: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11263:Albert Tillman 11260: 11258:Valerie Taylor 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11133:Candice Farmer 11130: 11128:David Doubilet 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11078:Tamara Benitez 11075: 11069: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11015:Samir Alhafith 11011: 11009: 11008:and presenters 11001: 11000: 10998: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10965:Pascal Bernabé 10961: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10937:Robert Sténuit 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10917:Gunter Schöbel 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10877:Mark M. Newell 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10857:Robert F. Marx 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10822:Anders Franzén 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10767:Robert Ballard 10764: 10758: 10756: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10730:Dick Rutkowski 10727: 10722: 10720:Trevor Hampton 10717: 10715:Dottie Frazier 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10676: 10674: 10664: 10663: 10651: 10650: 10647: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10539: 10533:International 10530: 10528: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10510: 10508: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10433: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10416: 10415: 10414: 10409: 10399: 10394: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10372: 10370: 10362: 10361: 10349: 10348: 10345: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10337: 10331: 10329: 10326:Military diver 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10298:Military diver 10295: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10246: 10244: 10235: 10234: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10210: 10204: 10198: 10192: 10186: 10180: 10174: 10168: 10161: 10159: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10135: 10133: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10121: 10116: 10110: 10104: 10098: 10092: 10086: 10080: 10074: 10068: 10062: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9990: 9984: 9978: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9954: 9947: 9945: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9906: 9904: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9887: 9881: 9879: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9869: 9864: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9841: 9839: 9828: 9827: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9805: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9775: 9773: 9765:Diver training 9761: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9707: 9705: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9651: 9649: 9642: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9598: 9588: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9576: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9550: 9548: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9518: 9517: 9516: 9511: 9501: 9500: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9440: 9438: 9426: 9425: 9415: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9382: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9365: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9336: 9334: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9244: 9237: 9229: 9227: 9219: 9218: 9208: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9145:Kirsty MacColl 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9078:E. Yale Dawson 9075: 9070: 9068:Cotton Coulson 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9039: 9037: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8979: 8978: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8937: 8935: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8914: 8910:Waage Drill II 8906: 8898: 8890: 8882: 8874: 8870:Byford Dolphin 8865: 8863: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8828:Stephen Keenan 8824: 8822: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8780: 8774: 8772: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8764: 8759:Sinking of MV 8755: 8753: 8743: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8670: 8664: 8662: 8656: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8585: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8533: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8507: 8505:Jacques Triger 8502: 8497: 8495:Augustus Siebe 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8455:Yves Le Prieur 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8395:John R. Clarke 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8343: 8341: 8338:Underwater art 8335: 8334: 8332: 8331: 8324: 8317: 8309: 8300: 8298: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8173: 8172: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8075: 8070:Diving medical 8067: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8061:Jacques Triger 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8036:Charles Momsen 8033: 8031:Simon Mitchell 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7976:John R. Clarke 7973: 7968: 7966:Alf O. Brubakk 7963: 7958: 7956:George F. Bond 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7930: 7924:Researchers in 7917: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7842: 7840:Oxygen therapy 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7734: 7732: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7722: 7717: 7711: 7709: 7708:Carbon dioxide 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7659: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7560: 7555: 7549: 7547: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7516: 7514: 7502: 7501: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7417: 7415: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7372: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7352:Stand-by diver 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7279:Permit To Work 7276: 7274:Lockout–tagout 7271: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7254: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7229: 7223: 7221: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7172:Doing It Right 7169: 7167:Diver training 7164: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7145:Rule of thirds 7137: 7132: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7068: 7066: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7009: 7007: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6928:Physiological 6926: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6764: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6704: 6701:Diving tourism 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6633: 6631: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6558: 6556: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6406:Hawaiian sling 6398: 6392: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6223: 6215: 6208: 6201: 6192: 6190: 6188:Salvage diving 6181: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6033:Diver training 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5584: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5408:Tanya Streeter 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5363:Herbert Nitsch 5360: 5358:Guillaume Néry 5355: 5353:Patrick Musimu 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:Kate Middleton 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5263:Şahika Ercümen 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5182:Water polo cap 5179: 5178: 5177: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5150:Hawaiian sling 5147: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5093:Free immersion 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4971: 4963: 4962: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4835:VideoRay UROVs 4832: 4827: 4825:SJT-class ROUV 4822: 4817: 4812: 4810:Seabed tractor 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4780:Mini Rover ROV 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4725:8A4-class ROUV 4721: 4719: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4591:Diving chamber 4588: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4492: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4377:Air filtration 4373: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4354:Messenger line 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4295: 4294: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4198:Maurice Fernez 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3924:Sling cylinder 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3902:Scuba manifold 3894: 3889: 3884: 3882:Bailout bottle 3873: 3871: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3816:Reclaim helmet 3808: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3745:Diving compass 3742: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3693:Bailout bottle 3690: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3669: 3668: 3658: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3462:Full-face mask 3459: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3435:Reclaim helmet 3432: 3427: 3422: 3412: 3406: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3390:Hot-water suit 3387: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3219:Power inflator 3210: 3208: 3207:trim equipment 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3107: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2972: 2957: 2933: 2895: 2837: 2830: 2812: 2777: 2766: 2748: 2721: 2680: 2644: 2614: 2546: 2539: 2508: 2476: 2439: 2403: 2389: 2371: 2357: 2351:978-0950824260 2350: 2332: 2301: 2292: 2267: 2249:, PGS2 CPR 14E 2236: 2227:"Appendix B". 2219: 2203: 2196: 2178: 2171: 2142: 2131:. divernet.com 2115: 2086: 2068: 2054: 2032: 2018: 1996: 1989: 1971: 1945: 1911: 1904: 1883: 1855: 1826: 1793: 1765: 1738: 1731: 1672: 1647: 1622: 1615: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1542:non-compatible 1529: 1526: 1508: 1505: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1338: 1335: 1317: 1314: 1305:breathing rate 1291: 1288: 1250: 1247: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1187: 1184: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1102: 1096: 1093: 1051:chambers, and 1014: 1011: 979: 976: 959:diving helmets 931: 928: 924:orifice plates 887:venturi effect 869: 866: 823:breathing tube 753: 750: 749: 748: 745: 738: 736: 733: 726: 697: 694: 665: 662: 648: 645: 623: 622:Exhaust valves 620: 602: 599: 585: 582: 565: 562: 544: 541: 526: 523: 517: 514: 468: 465: 447: 444: 403: 400: 386: 383: 373: 370: 369: 368: 364: 348:European Union 319: 316: 290: 287: 249: 246: 241: 240: 234: 202: 201:DIN connection 199: 180: 177: 138: 135: 133: 130: 93: 90: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13229: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13197: 13196: 13191: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13175: 13173: 13172: 13168: 13166: 13165: 13161: 13159: 13158: 13153: 13151: 13150: 13141: 13139: 13138: 13129: 13127: 13126: 13117: 13116: 13113: 13099: 13098:Seabed mining 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13074: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13039: 13037: 13029: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12914: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12849: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12799: 12797: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12784: 12783: 12778: 12776: 12775: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12691: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12673: 12672: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12659: 12657: 12656: 12651: 12649: 12647: 12643: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12621: 12619: 12618: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12604: 12603: 12599: 12597: 12596: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12585: 12583: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12573: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12540: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12523: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12500: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12455: 12448: 12444: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12411: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12376: 12373: 12372: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12366: 12363: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12328:Inland diving 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12294: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12267: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12251:Oxygen window 12249: 12247: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12201:Decompression 12198: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12161:Diving reflex 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12138: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12122: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12089: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12076: 12072: 12067: 12063: 12049: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12008: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11986:Craig Challen 11984: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11916: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11884:Peggy Whitson 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11854:Koichi Wakata 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11839:Robert Thirsk 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11829:James Talacek 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11804:Steve Squyres 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11794:Robert Sheats 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11734:Takuya Onishi 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11679:Sandra Magnus 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11659:Jon Lindbergh 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11649:Timothy Kopra 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11619:Mark Hulsbeck 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11594:Jeremy Hansen 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11539:Jeanette Epps 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11524:Jonathan Dory 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11412: 11408: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11384:Clive Cussler 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11349:Jack Sheppard 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11329:Jill Heinerth 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11295: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11273:Stan Waterman 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11243:E. Lee Spence 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11228:Peter Scoones 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11193:Agnes Milowka 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11153:Stephen Frink 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11113:John D. Craig 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11093:Jonathan Bird 11091: 11089: 11088:Adrian Biddle 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11066:photographers 11062: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11035:Richie Kohler 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11002: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10954: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10932:E. Lee Spence 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10912:Margaret Rule 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10842:Graham Jessop 10840: 10838: 10837:David Gibbins 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10797:Eugenie Clark 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10747: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10656: 10652: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10613: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10525:organisations 10521: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10434: 10430: 10429:United States 10427: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10417: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10383: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10354: 10350: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10296: 10281: 10278: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10257: 10254: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10239: 10232: 10229: 10226: 10223: 10220: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10208: 10205: 10202: 10199: 10196: 10193: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10175: 10172: 10169: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10156:certification 10152: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10130:certification 10126: 10120: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10108: 10105: 10102: 10099: 10096: 10093: 10090: 10087: 10084: 10081: 10078: 10075: 10072: 10069: 10066: 10063: 10060: 10057: 10054: 10051: 10048: 10045: 10042: 10039: 10036: 10033: 10030: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10018: 10015: 10012: 10009: 10006: 10003: 10000: 9997: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9979: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9967: 9964: 9961: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9942:certification 9936: 9929: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9901:certification 9897: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9865: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9836:certification 9832: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9771:organisations 9767:certification 9762: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9729: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638:certification 9631: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9526:Muscle memory 9524: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9474:Diving school 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9431: 9427: 9420: 9416: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9366: 9364: 9363: 9362:Shadow Divers 9359: 9357: 9356: 9355:The Last Dive 9352: 9350: 9349: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9300:Standards and 9298: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9250: 9249: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9213: 9209: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150:Agnes Milowka 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9030: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8941:Roger Baldwin 8939: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8927: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8838:Audrey Mestre 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8816: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771:Diver rescues 8769: 8763: 8762: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8657: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8606:Human torpedo 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8576: 8570: 8569:Vintage scuba 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375:William Beebe 8373: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8363:and inventors 8359: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8295:Archeological 8293: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8231: 8227: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8178: 8174: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8102: 8099: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074:organisations 8068: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7852: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7749: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7729:Breathing gas 7727: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7578:Barodontalgia 7576: 7574: 7573:Aerosinusitis 7571: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7558:Barostriction 7556: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7542: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7494: 7490: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7406: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7390: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7140:Dive planning 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7130:Dive briefing 7128: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7108:Decompression 7106: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6990:Trait anxiety 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6937:Decompression 6935: 6933: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6867:Environmental 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6796:Diving safety 6792: 6788: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6761:and festivals 6759:Diving events 6757: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6740:Shark tourism 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6699: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6629:organisations 6624: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6512: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6378:Water jetting 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6368:Thermal lance 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6277: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107:Sponge diving 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Police diving 6080: 6078: 6077:Pearl hunting 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6045:Hazmat diving 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6010: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5970:US Navy SEALs 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5820:JW Komandosów 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521:Organisations 5519: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5428:Danai Varveri 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5378:Annelie Pompe 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5318:Audrey Mestre 5316: 5314: 5313:Jacques Mayol 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:Pierre Frolla 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5218:Sara Campbell 5216: 5214: 5213:Michael Board 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5081:Dynamic apnea 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5055:Vertical Blue 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4997:Pearl hunting 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4902:Diving spread 4900: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:ROV KIEL 6000 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4534:Decompression 4531: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4368:Breathing gas 4366: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4324:Diving ladder 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4148:René Cavalero 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116:manufacturers 4110: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3949:Carleton CDBA 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3811:Diving helmet 3809: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3740:Distance line 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3722:Safety helmet 3720: 3718: 3717:Rescue tether 3715: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3688:Bailout block 3686: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3649:Diver's knife 3647: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:Dive computer 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3430:Orinasal mask 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3415:Diving helmet 3413: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318:Jersey upline 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3298:Dive computer 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3268:Decompression 3265: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3241:Ankle weights 3239: 3238: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151:Breathing air 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3133:Breathing gas 3130: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2946: 2945: 2937: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2891: 2885: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2796: 2789: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2767:0-9678873-0-5 2763: 2759: 2752: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2717: 2711: 2696: 2695: 2687: 2685: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2634:on 2012-06-13 2633: 2629: 2625: 2622:Salzman, WR. 2618: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2542: 2540:0-9678873-0-5 2536: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2462: 2455: 2454: 2446: 2444: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2399: 2393: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2367: 2361: 2353: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2321: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2296: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2240: 2232: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2199: 2197:0-09-163831-3 2193: 2189: 2182: 2174: 2172:0-442-26824-6 2168: 2164: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2057: 2055:0-9532904-3-3 2051: 2047: 2043: 2036: 2021: 2019:0-9532904-3-3 2015: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1992: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1942: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1907: 1905:0-9674305-3-4 1901: 1897: 1890: 1888: 1871: 1870: 1862: 1860: 1843: 1836: 1830: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1770: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1734: 1732:0-9678873-0-5 1728: 1724: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1618: 1616:0-9678873-0-5 1612: 1608: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1481: 1475:Wet breathing 1472: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1300: 1296: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1141: 1132: 1123: 1121: 1110: 1101: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1066:chambers and 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:breathing gas 1033: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1007: 1002: 1000: 994: 989: 985: 975: 971: 969: 964: 960: 955: 951: 949: 945: 936: 927: 925: 919: 917: 913: 909: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 883: 881: 880:sonic orifice 875: 865: 861: 857: 853: 851: 847: 842: 838: 835: 831: 829: 824: 819: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 782: 774: 766: 758: 742: 737: 730: 725: 724: 723: 719: 711: 702: 693: 691: 687: 683: 678: 670: 661: 653: 644: 636: 628: 619: 616: 612: 608: 598: 596: 590: 581: 577: 575: 570: 561: 559: 549: 540: 537: 533: 522: 513: 510: 505: 497: 489: 481: 473: 464: 460: 452: 443: 439: 435: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 408: 399: 391: 382: 380: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332:breathing gas 329: 328:European Norm 325: 324: 323: 315: 313: 309: 305: 295: 286: 278: 270: 262: 254: 245: 238: 235: 232: 230: 225: 224: 223: 219: 217: 207: 198: 196: 190: 187: 176: 174: 170: 166: 162: 153: 148: 144: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 89: 85: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 49: 45: 41: 37: 28: 22: 13193: 13181: 13169: 13162: 13154: 13147: 13135: 13123: 12898:Steinke hood 12860:Escape trunk 12816: 12795: 12781: 12773: 12764: 12694: 12686: 12679:Shinkai 6500 12678: 12671:Shinkai 2000 12670: 12662: 12654: 12645: 12638: 12631: 12624: 12616: 12608: 12601: 12594: 12587: 12580: 12571: 12563: 12555: 12538: 12521: 12513: 12387:Wreck diving 12343:Night diving 12272:environments 12048:Keith Jessop 12017:Lionel Crabb 11996:Rick Stanton 11970:John Mattera 11950:Bob Halstead 11945:Bret Gilliam 11940:Gary Gentile 11930:Victor Berge 11904:Reid Wiseman 11824:Nicole Stott 11789:Josef Schmid 11779:Tara Ruttley 11724:Karen Nyberg 11704:Jessica Meir 11584:David Gruber 11549:Albert Falco 11534:Sylvia Earle 11469:Justin Brown 11374:Leigh Bishop 11233:Brian Skerry 11218:Pierre Petit 11208:Steve Parish 11198:Noel Monkman 11178:Rudie Kuiter 11158:Peter Gimbel 11055:Andrew Wight 10975:Mark Ellyatt 10956:Scuba record 10897:Richard Pyle 10807:Sylvia Earle 10792:Cathy Church 10787:Hugh Bradner 10782:Louis Boutan 10777:Mensun Bound 10615:Competitions 10483:Sport diving 10392:Spearfishing 9938:Recreational 9746:Rescue Diver 9634:Recreational 9591:Scuba skills 9569:Ear clearing 9531:Overlearning 9367: 9360: 9353: 9346: 9339: 9288: 9281: 9274: 9267: 9260: 9253: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9216:Publications 9058:David Bright 9053:Allan Bridge 9033:Scuba diving 8946:John Bennett 8930:Professional 8917: 8909: 8901: 8893: 8886:Star Canopus 8885: 8878:Drill Master 8877: 8869: 8833:Loïc Leferme 8792:Early diving 8760: 8674: 8659:Military and 8641:Welfreighter 8616:Necker Nymph 8537: 8529: 8490:Gordon Smith 8445:Peter Kreeft 8435:Émile Gagnan 8430:Henry Fleuss 8328:Whydah Gally 8326: 8319: 8313: 8305: 8201:Duty of care 8046:John Rawlins 7961:Robert Boyle 7928:and medicine 7785:Laryngospasm 7731:contaminants 7568:Air embolism 7535:Surfer's ear 7409:Occupational 7269:Incident pit 7257:Risk control 7187:Night diving 7177:Drift diving 7162:Diver rescue 7096:Buddy diving 7043:Hyperthermia 7006:Consequences 6985:Task loading 6837:Water safety 6617:Wreck diving 6264: 6258:Royal George 6257: 6249: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6072:Media diving 5805:Jagdkommando 5711:Minentaucher 5656:Police diver 5614:Hazmat diver 5403:Walter Steyn 5348:Dave Mullins 5308:Enzo Maiorca 5303:Loïc Leferme 5268:Emma Farrell 5238:Robert Croft 5233:Carlos Coste 5105:Static apnea 5059:Disciplines 5043:Competitions 5014:Spearfishing 4815:Seafox drone 4596:Diving stage 4574:Clump weight 4451:Gas blending 4419:Diver's pump 4404:Booster pump 4334:Diving stage 4258:Siebe Gorman 4233:Morse Diving 3984:Halcyon RB80 3867:Open-circuit 3827: 3567:Diving stage 3505:Diving watch 3485:Bottom timer 3313:Diving stage 3251:Trim weights 3205:Buoyancy and 3044:Scuba diving 3024:Diving modes 2966: 2960: 2951: 2943: 2936: 2924:. Retrieved 2915:(2): 81–86. 2912: 2908: 2898: 2872:. Retrieved 2867: 2862: 2821: 2815: 2802:. Retrieved 2795:the original 2780: 2771: 2757: 2751: 2739:. Retrieved 2735:the original 2724: 2699:. Retrieved 2693: 2672:. Retrieved 2668:ECO Magazine 2667: 2636:. Retrieved 2632:the original 2617: 2530: 2501:25 September 2499:. Retrieved 2492:the original 2479: 2468:. Retrieved 2452: 2432:25 September 2430:. Retrieved 2397: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2360: 2341: 2335: 2323:. Retrieved 2319: 2295: 2283:. Retrieved 2270: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2239: 2229: 2222: 2211: 2206: 2187: 2181: 2162: 2133:. Retrieved 2128: 2118: 2106:. Retrieved 2101: 2080: 2071: 2059:. Retrieved 2045: 2035: 2023:. Retrieved 2009: 1999: 1980: 1974: 1962:. Retrieved 1957: 1948: 1939: 1932:. Retrieved 1928:the original 1923: 1914: 1895: 1876:15 September 1874:. Retrieved 1868: 1846:. Retrieved 1841: 1829: 1817:. Retrieved 1813:the original 1808: 1786:25 September 1784:. Retrieved 1780: 1756:. Retrieved 1722: 1665:17 September 1663:. Retrieved 1659: 1650: 1640:17 September 1638:. Retrieved 1634: 1625: 1606: 1555: 1538:contaminated 1535: 1531: 1510: 1497: 1478: 1469: 1461: 1437:thermal mass 1433: 1344: 1340: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1252: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1196: 1189: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1159: 1155:laryngospasm 1147: 1138: 1129: 1116: 1107: 1098: 1089: 1077: 1073: 1057: 1038: 1003: 995: 991: 972: 956: 952: 941: 920: 884: 877: 862: 858: 854: 843: 839: 836: 832: 803:'s original 798: 787: 720: 716: 679: 675: 664:Purge button 658: 641: 614: 613:and Oceanic 610: 606: 604: 591: 587: 578: 571: 567: 557: 554: 543:Second stage 528: 519: 506: 502: 461: 457: 440: 436: 432: 428:low pressure 427: 423: 419: 415: 413: 396: 375: 359: 356:oxygen clean 343: 321: 312:ring spanner 300: 283: 242: 236: 226: 220: 212: 191: 182: 158: 108:procedures. 106:gas blending 95: 86: 68:are used in 52: 35: 33: 12932:CMAS Europe 12893:Momsen lung 12533:Bathyscaphe 12461:Bathysphere 12370:Cave diving 12338:Muck diving 12323:Deep diving 12151:Blood shift 11965:Steve Lewis 11799:Dewey Smith 11759:Marc Reagan 11639:Scott Kelly 11634:Les Kaufman 11544:Sheck Exley 11529:Pedro Duque 11319:Martyn Farr 11314:Sheck Exley 11268:John Veltri 11203:Pete Oxford 11188:Luis Marden 11163:Monty Halls 11148:Ric Frazier 11045:Andy Torbet 11025:Ramón Bravo 10980:Sheck Exley 10927:Myriam Seco 10827:Honor Frost 10772:George Bass 10735:Teseo Tesei 10710:Billy Deans 10690:Mary Bonnin 10553:AIDA Hellas 10445:Breath-hold 10376:Finswimming 10132:authorities 9899:Free-diving 9838:authorities 9711:Dive leader 9396:Dive guides 9290:Basic Scuba 9190:Josef Velek 9180:Rob Stewart 9175:Dewey Smith 9140:Yuri Lipski 9113:Steve Irwin 9093:Sheck Exley 9088:Milan Dufek 9083:Deon Dreyer 8988:Per Skipnes 8902:Venture One 8728:NOGI Awards 8340:and artists 7770:Hypothermia 7715:Hypercapnia 7650:Inert gases 7304:Diving team 7207:Wall diving 7202:Solo diving 7101:buddy check 7084:Boat diving 7038:Hypercapnia 7028:Hypothermia 6952:Seasickness 6897:Wave action 6768:Diversnight 6710:Dive center 6602:Solo diving 6582:Muck diving 6572:Deep diving 6567:Cave diving 6555:Specialties 6396:Limpet mine 6358:Lifting bag 6282:contractors 6028:Dive leader 5900:Shayetet 13 5651:Media diver 5592:Occupations 5486:Hypothermia 5481:Hypercapnia 5323:Karol Meyer 5228:Goran Čolak 5145:Diving suit 5140:Diving mask 5050:Nordic Deep 4856:Diving shot 4800:Scorpio ROV 4569:Closed bell 4564:Bell cursor 4559:Diving bell 4319:Diving bell 4208:Oscar Gugen 3909:Pony bottle 3755:Line marker 3732:Snoopy loop 3673:Diving bell 3622:Pony bottle 3555:Closed bell 3550:Diving bell 3490:Depth gauge 3452:Diving mask 3363:Sladen suit 3333:Diving suit 3308:Diving shot 3303:Diving bell 3256:Weight belt 3141:Bailout gas 3113:Diving mask 2926:21 November 2874:21 December 2804:17 November 2102:Sport Diver 1964:16 November 1934:17 November 1228:of the gas. 1079:additional 1060:fire hazard 916:Mach number 895:temperature 850:rebreathers 686:lifting bag 660:shoulders. 402:First stage 367:connection. 13157:Dive sites 12982:Reef Check 12977:PADI AWARE 12947:Green Fins 12880:Escape set 12572:Trieste II 12382:Ice diving 12143:physiology 11909:Kimiya Yui 11624:Emma Hwang 11499:Robin Cook 11389:Bill Nagle 11354:Bill Stone 11297:Underwater 11253:Ron Taylor 11213:Zale Parry 11143:Rodney Fox 11098:Eric Cheng 11073:Doug Allan 11064:Underwater 11006:filmmakers 11004:Underwater 10985:Nuno Gomes 10970:Jim Bowden 10852:Pilar Luna 10751:scientists 10749:Underwater 10507:Rebreather 10462:Freediving 9751:Solo diver 9716:Divemaster 9564:Diver trim 9348:Goldfinder 9108:Guy Garman 9035:fatalities 8934:fatalities 8821:fatalities 8819:Freediving 8761:Conception 8697:Mission 31 8646:Wet Nellie 8581:propulsion 8514:Historical 8480:Joe Savoie 8425:Ted Eldred 8410:John Deane 7720:Hypocapnia 7563:Barotrauma 7411:safety and 7284:Redundancy 7219:management 7064:procedures 7013:Barotrauma 6970:competence 6903:Equipment 6577:Ice diving 6423:Underwater 6387:Underwater 6337:Brush cart 6013:Underwater 5810:JW Formoza 5621:Divemaster 5495:Historical 5454:Barotrauma 5423:Fatma Uruk 5388:Tom Sietas 5373:Liv Philip 5191:Freedivers 5009:Snorkeling 4987:Freediving 4970:Activities 4959:Freediving 4907:Air spread 4770:Kaşif ROUV 4745:Deep Drone 4666:Underwater 4642:Subskimmer 4637:Liveaboard 4397:Silica gel 4314:Diver lift 4188:Drägerwerk 4173:Dive Xtras 4158:Cressi-Sub 3799:Burst disc 3777:Underwater 3765:Silt screw 3639:Dive light 3634:Buddy line 3500:Dive timer 3385:Dive skins 3224:Dump valve 3191:Travel gas 3146:Bottom gas 3049:Snorkeling 3034:Freediving 2741:2012-05-27 2701:2008-08-07 2674:2015-03-07 2638:2012-05-27 2470:2009-06-29 1848:8 November 1819:8 November 1573:References 1536:Use of an 1488:See also: 1430:Mitigation 1256:conductors 1053:submarines 1017:See also: 982:See also: 872:See also: 846:mouthpiece 828:snorkeling 809:mouthpiece 141:See also: 124:, where a 58:rebreather 13155:Indexes: 12655:Sea Cliff 12588:Ictineu 3 12539:Archimède 12514:Aluminaut 11844:Bill Todd 11749:Tim Peake 11609:Paul Hill 11411:Aquanauts 11344:Tom Mount 11299:explorers 11168:Hans Hass 11118:Ben Cropp 11050:Ivan Tors 11040:Paul Rose 10725:Hans Hass 10673:of diving 10549:National 10452:Aquathlon 10407:Australia 10097:(ScotSAC) 9165:Dave Shaw 9125:Jim Jones 8862:incidents 8752:incidents 8750:Dive boat 8742:Incidents 8523:Aqua-Lung 8516:equipment 8361:Engineers 8347:The Diver 8306:Commodore 7951:Paul Bert 7885:Screening 7854:Personnel 7820:First aid 7808:Treatment 7751:Immersion 7631:Hyperoxia 7610:Dysbarism 7512:disorders 7361:Equipment 7227:Checklist 7118:Pyle stop 6443:Powerhead 6411:Polespear 6311:equipment 6309:Tools and 6242:Mary Rose 6228:Lusitania 6220:Laurentic 5155:Polespear 5133:Equipment 4977:Aquathlon 4795:ROV PHOCA 4765:Kaikō ROV 4622:Dive boat 4615:Platforms 4536:equipment 4463:Gas panel 4387:Hopcalite 4359:Moon pool 4203:Technisub 4153:Cis-Lunar 4123:AP Diving 4114:equipment 4079:Gas panel 3919:Sidemount 3877:Scuba set 3781:apparatus 3779:breathing 3750:Dive reel 3629:Bolt snap 3605:equipment 3582:PowerSwim 3538:equipment 3467:Half mask 3457:Band mask 3403:and masks 3375:Rash vest 3270:equipment 3171:Hydreliox 2710:cite book 2061:6 January 2025:6 January 1758:6 January 1466:Gas leaks 1221:transfer. 1126:Free-flow 908:adiabatic 818:free-flow 805:Aqua-Lung 607:Jetstream 516:Balancing 509:diaphragm 459:of dirt. 308:Allen key 13211:Category 13149:Glossary 13125:Category 12918:interest 12625:Losharik 12602:Jiaolong 12564:Sea Pole 11979:Rescuers 10685:Aquanaut 10671:Pioneers 10424:Colombia 10215:(ProTec) 10158:agencies 10067:(ProTec) 9995:(FFESSM) 9944:agencies 9903:agencies 9436:training 9379:Research 9314:DIN 7876 8918:Wildrake 8858:Offshore 8583:vehicles 8144:(SAUHMA) 8072:research 7916:Research 7765:Drowning 7760:Asphyxia 7682:Taravana 7544:Pressure 7135:Dive log 7023:Drowning 6968:Lack of 6907:Freeflow 6892:Silt out 6887:Overhead 6703:industry 6675:(FFESSM) 6401:Speargun 6212:La Belle 5743:Military 5681:Military 5459:Drowning 5170:Swimfins 5165:Speargun 4876:Jackstay 4820:SeaPerch 4750:Épaulard 4584:Wet bell 4544:Air-lock 4370:handling 4344:Jackstay 4339:Downline 4248:Porpoise 4064:Air line 4024:Porpoise 3700:Lifeline 3589:Towboard 3560:Wet bell 3536:Mobility 3410:Anti-fog 3358:Dry suit 3351:Newtsuit 3346:JIM suit 2921:17310877 2662:(2015). 2461:Archived 2325:10 March 2285:20 March 2259:Archived 1958:Products 1561:See also 1513:feedback 1163:lift bag 903:velocity 891:pressure 801:Cousteau 690:freeflow 595:freeflow 574:freeflow 344:required 248:Adapters 227:232 bar 13183:Outline 13137:Commons 13002:SeaKeys 12916:Special 12823:SRV-300 12780:DSRV-2 12772:DSRV-1 12663:Shinkai 12639:Nautile 12556:Harmony 12505:vehicle 12094:physics 12010:Frogmen 11370:Wrecks 10958:holders 10197:(IANTD) 10019:(IANTD) 9989:(FEDAS) 9878:schools 9826:(WRSTC) 9787:(IDRCF) 9226:Manuals 8549:Nikonos 8536:SP-350 8530:Calypso 8314:Monitor 8138:(SPUMS) 7753:related 7636:Hypoxia 7546:related 7342:Gas man 7312:Bellman 7033:Hypoxia 6877:Delta-P 6872:Current 6854:hazards 6669:(FEDAS) 6433:Gyrojet 6425:firearm 6389:weapons 6351:Pigging 6323:Airlift 6250:Monitor 5995:UNGERIN 5830:KOPASKA 5815:JW GROM 5790:Fukuryu 5706:Frogman 5646:Haenyeo 5447:Hazards 5175:Monofin 4992:Haenyeo 4895:General 4881:Jonline 4785:OpenROV 4668:habitat 4143:Beuchat 3974:Dolphin 3594:Wet sub 3577:Monofin 3572:Swimfin 3401:Helmets 3380:Wetsuit 3323:Jonline 3123:Swimfin 3118:Snorkel 2670:: 20–25 2428:. Divex 2281:. Divex 1546:burn up 611:Xstream 360:remains 346:in the 171:of the 13195:Portal 13171:Diving 13164:Divers 12920:groups 12817:Remora 12782:Avalon 12774:Mystic 12765:Mystic 12693:DSV-5 12687:Turtle 12646:Pisces 12609:Konsul 12550:FNRS-3 12545:FNRS-2 12413:Impact 12270:Diving 12203:theory 12141:Diving 12092:Diving 11360:Reefs 11305:Caves 10412:Turkey 10276:(NAUI) 10252:(CDAA) 10243:diving 10221:(RAID) 10209:(PDIC) 10203:(PADI) 10191:(FIAS) 10185:(DSAT) 10179:(CMAS) 10173:(BSAC) 10167:(ANDI) 10141:(AAUS) 10109:(TSSF) 10073:(RAID) 10061:(PDIC) 10055:(PADI) 10043:(NAUI) 10037:(NASE) 10031:(TIDF) 10013:(IAHD) 10001:(FIAS) 9983:(CMAS) 9971:(BSAC) 9965:(ANMP) 9959:(ANDI) 9953:(ACUC) 9918:(CMAS) 9912:(AIDA) 9847:(ADAS) 9810:(NOAA) 9799:(IMCA) 9793:(IDSA) 9640:levels 9547:Skills 8932:diving 8860:diving 8538:Denise 8156:(NEDU) 8150:(UHMS) 8112:(EUBS) 8106:(EDTC) 8100:(DMAC) 8094:(DDRC) 7619:Oxygen 7510:Diving 7413:health 7363:safety 7062:Diving 6852:Diving 6693:(WKPP) 6687:(QRSS) 6681:(IAHD) 6663:(CMAS) 6645:(CDAA) 6639:(BSAC) 6491:QBS-06 6373:Tremie 6280:Diving 6205:Kronan 5835:MARCOS 5795:GRUMEC 5745:diving 5683:diving 5071:(CWTB) 4730:ABISMO 4696:SEALAB 4268:Suunto 4238:Nemrod 4213:Heinke 4112:Diving 4084:Hookah 4039:Salvus 3603:Safety 3196:Trimix 3186:Oxygen 3181:Nitrox 3176:Hydrox 3166:Heliox 2919: 2828: 2764: 2537: 2348: 2194: 2169: 2135:16 May 2108:16 May 2052: 2016: 1987: 1902: 1729: 1613: 1363:water. 1171:teflon 986:, and 705:valve. 593:in a " 352:nitrox 336:oxygen 310:and a 186:O-ring 13076:Other 12815:ASRV 12759:MSM-1 12522:Alvin 12451:Other 10282:(TDI) 10270:(CDG) 10264:(GUE) 10258:(CDG) 10233:(TXR) 10227:(TSA) 10115:(UDI) 10103:(SSI) 10091:(SEI) 10085:(SDI) 10079:(SAA) 10049:(NOB) 10025:(ILS) 10007:(GUE) 9977:(CFT) 9940:scuba 9930:(SSI) 9863:(HSE) 9781:(EUF) 9636:scuba 9434:Diver 9118:death 8579:Diver 8297:sites 8088:(DAN) 7525:Cramp 6980:Panic 6657:(CFT) 6651:(CDG) 6627:Diver 6290:COMEX 6198:Egypt 5747:units 5118:(VWT) 5107:(STA) 5101:(NLT) 5095:(FIM) 5089:(DNF) 5083:(DYN) 5077:(CNF) 5065:(CWT) 4924:Sonar 4228:Mares 4193:Fenzy 4178:Divex 4168:DESCO 4163:Dacor 4128:Apeks 4094:Snuba 4009:LAR-V 4004:LAR-6 3999:LAR-5 3989:IDA71 3869:scuba 2948:(PDF) 2798:(PDF) 2791:(PDF) 2495:(PDF) 2488:(PDF) 2464:(PDF) 2457:(PDF) 2426:(PDF) 2316:(PDF) 2279:(PDF) 2244:"2". 1838:(PDF) 1521:damps 912:sonic 813:Marne 615:Omega 334:with 304:Apeks 169:valve 12796:Priz 12695:Nemo 12685:DSV 12677:DSV 12669:DSV 12661:DSV 12653:DSV 12595:JAGO 12520:DSV 10241:Cave 9924:(PI) 8312:USS 7217:Risk 6265:Vasa 6256:HMS 6248:USS 6235:Mars 6226:RMS 6015:work 4740:CURV 4044:Siva 4014:LARU 3969:DSEA 3964:CUMA 2928:2019 2917:PMID 2890:link 2876:2016 2826:ISBN 2806:2016 2762:ISBN 2716:link 2535:ISBN 2503:2018 2434:2018 2346:ISBN 2327:2020 2287:2020 2192:ISBN 2167:ISBN 2137:2017 2110:2017 2063:2010 2050:ISBN 2027:2010 2014:ISBN 1985:ISBN 1966:2016 1936:2016 1900:ISBN 1878:2016 1850:2016 1821:2016 1788:2021 1760:2016 1727:ISBN 1667:2021 1642:2021 1611:ISBN 1517:hunt 1492:and 961:and 893:and 815:air 609:and 534:and 532:cave 507:The 326:The 145:and 46:for 34:The 12754:LR7 12749:LR5 12632:Mir 8528:RV 8304:SS 8181:Law 6218:SS 6196:SS 5599:Ama 5502:Ama 5002:Ama 4029:Ray 1540:or 799:In 684:or 426:or 229:DIN 165:DIN 161:CGA 116:of 80:in 13213:: 2950:. 2913:78 2911:. 2907:. 2886:}} 2882:{{ 2866:. 2840:^ 2770:. 2712:}} 2708:{{ 2683:^ 2666:. 2647:^ 2549:^ 2511:^ 2442:^ 2406:^ 2382:. 2318:. 2304:^ 2145:^ 2127:. 2100:. 2089:^ 2079:. 2044:. 2008:. 1956:. 1938:. 1922:. 1886:^ 1858:^ 1840:. 1807:. 1796:^ 1779:. 1768:^ 1741:^ 1675:^ 1658:. 1633:. 1581:^ 1503:. 1157:. 1087:. 1055:. 1047:, 560:. 422:, 381:. 314:. 218:. 100:. 84:. 64:. 10605:) 10544:) 3000:e 2993:t 2986:v 2930:. 2892:) 2878:. 2834:. 2808:. 2744:. 2718:) 2704:. 2677:. 2641:. 2543:. 2505:. 2473:. 2436:. 2386:. 2354:. 2329:. 2289:. 2200:. 2175:. 2139:. 2112:. 2083:. 2065:. 2029:. 1993:. 1968:. 1908:. 1880:. 1852:. 1823:. 1790:. 1762:. 1735:. 1669:. 1644:. 1619:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.