32:
3577:
Pronouns in Mbula inflect for first, second and third person as well as singular, dual and plural, as well as inclusive and exclusive in the first person. They also change depending on whether they are in the nominative, accusative, referent or locative case. The following table details the paradigm:
1494:
All of these non-inflecting verbs function only as predicates in clauses. Thus they cannot function as heads of noun phrases and they cannot function as restrictive modifiers of nouns unless they are relativised or nominalised. Syntactically, they resemble inflected verbs. They are only distinguished
420:
Mbula speakers are generally located in seven villages: Gaura, Yangla, Birik, Marile, Kampalap, Kabi and Sakar. These villages are located on Sakar Island and the eastern half of Umboi Island. Both islands are inactive volcanoes and both are rich in game, timber and fish. Location has influenced the
1525:
are uninflected forms which always occur in noun phrases following nouns, locative/alienable genitive pronouns, and attributive stative nouns, but before determiners, locative/alienable genitive prepositional phrases, relative clauses and demonstratives. The Mbula counting system is based upon the
1583:
These forms are a set of optionally inflected verbs which occur in serialisations functioning as case markers. As they may potentially contain inflection for third person singular in these serialisations, they depart from the typical uninflected preposition. However, they retain the prepositional
3490:
describes the semantic nature of the nouns. That is, they are semantically considered in speakersâ minds to be inalienable or inseparable from something. Examples include body parts and family members â concepts which exist in relation to something else, just the way an edge cannot exist without
468:
The Mangap-Mbula are part of a previously extensive trading network with bordering language groups, especially those in the Ngero language group of the Siassi islands which formed the hub of the trading network. As a result, approximately 65% of Mbula speakers are at least somewhat bilingual in
1184:
The occurrence of a form in a wide range of conversational environments can result in the gradual loss of morphological features which are not appropriate to some particular conversational environments as well as the morphological gain of features which are appropriate to other conversational
441:
Colonialism has had a fair impact on the culture of Mbula speakers. Missionization began in 1884 and the vast majority of Mbula speakers now identify themselves as
Christian. Some traditions are retained from tribal religions; foremost among them are those concerning sorcery, white magic and
910:
Vowels are subject to two rules: penultimate lengthening, which means that external realisations may be long vowels while the underlying form is a short vowel, and epenthesis, which means the insertion of a vowel where the underlying form of the morpheme does not contain one.
3951:
and some other minor processes. Compounding is not a very productive process in Mbula though is far more common in verbs than in nouns. Verbs can compound with adverbs, nouns and other verbs to create verbs. Nouns are more likely to be derived by the nominalising suffix
2520:
would have to be left as being noun phrase modifiers, but this could be due to the semantics; (2) the noun phrase shows the demonstrative occurring after the 'true' prepositiona' phrase with the noun phrase complement. But if both are deemed as coming from the
3958:. When combined with adverbs it yields stative nouns; with nouns it can either signal an intensification of meaning or a slight change in meaning (with no intensification); it turns stative verbs into stative nouns and dynamic verbs into nouns. Semantically,
2121:
You keep walking until the dogs happen to come upon one (a wallaby), and then look out. For it (=the wallaby), he dogs, if they are good hunters, then they will get it. But if they are bad hunters, then it (the tree kangaroo), they will not be able to get
1247:
Verbs and instrumental nouns crossover in that verbs theoretically derived from these nouns appear in an identical form. I.e., there is no overt morphological derivation which might indicate what direction the derivation has occurred in. Examples include:
2757:
Similar to many other
Oceanic languages, Mangap-Mbula makes a three-way distinction depending on relative space: near speaker, near hearer or near neither. This sense of deictic orientation can be conveyed in motion verbs through the use of
3176:
Complementisers are uninflected forms which only govern a following sentence. The combination of a complementiser and a following sentence becomes the constituent in a noun or predicate phrase. Mbula contains seven types of complementiser:
1423:
cases. Most pronouns are composed of an initial case marker plus a person-number marker. The nominative series of pronouns is generally used to encode animate participants which function as subjects. There are three demonstrative pronouns:
3994:, and these are extremely productive processes. Finally, reduplication can result in any one of the following meanings: plurality, distribution, intensification, diminution or habitual-durative action (action that is somehow extended).
3380:
The only types of inflectional processes in the language are on verbs for the person and number of the subject, inflection of inalienable nouns for the person and number of their genitives as well as pronoun person/number distinctions.
1160:
In an ideal grammar each classificatory word type would belong only to one category and in Mbula that is mostly the case. However, in the following three areas, word forms exist which are hard to nail down as one or the other:
1810:
is referring to two non-human, singular entities: the wallaby and the tree kangaroo. As the direct translation for each of these entities were not mentioned here, it can be inferred that they are both used anaphorically.
796:
can be half close tense and half open lax. All vowels can be short or long, though this is interpreted in the phonology as a sequence of two vowels rather than as the existence of long vowel phonemes. The two high vowels
3255:
in Mbula, all of which play no role in the grammar of the language, but which function to convey the speaker's attitudes and intentions. They always occur sentence initially and include the following examples:
3242:
in Mbula that each encode their own subtly different meaning. However, all conjunctions fall broadly into four categories: temporal conjunctions, conditional conjunctions, causal conjunctions and disjunctions.
1513:
because Mbula contains a large collection of words which are defined as modifiers of constituents other than nouns. Semantically, such forms typically encode notions of time, aspect, manner and modality.
2132:
is a free demonstrative used situationally and conveys two pieces of information: (1) the entity to which it is referring to, and (2) its location in reference to the speaker (i.e. a place adverb).
1446:. Locative pronouns indicate an animate location toward which an action is taking place in dynamic predications, or at which an item is located. The locative form is also used to encode possession.
6216:
3947:
The following types of derivation occur in Mbula: compounding of nouns and verbs, creation of nouns by means other than compounding, derivational devices which alter the transitivity of verbs,
1804:. It is frequently being used to refer to non-humans, and its main function is to reestablish a participant, who has already been introduced, as a topic or to single them out. In Example 2,
1207:
forms potentially exhibiting subject agreement inflection which function syntactically as both predicates in sentences and in serial constructions (the prepositional verbs discussed below)
768:, are optionally pronounced with a voiceless nasal release word finally. All velars are fronted or backed, depending on the vowel immediately contiguous to them within the same syllable.
1450:
pronouns such as who, when, where, operate in a replacement fashion. That is, the interrogative pronoun is used in place of the normal syntactic position of the item being questioned.
915:
is regressive, which means that epenthetic vowels take on the quality of the first vowel in the rest of the form. Vowel length is contrastive as can be seen in the following examples:
1326:
They may function 'in isolation' (i.e. without any further syntactic modification) as arguments in a predication, a property that distinguishes them from non-inflecting stative verbs.
1534:
Prepositions are generally uninflected forms which govern a single noun phrase complement and relate it to a head or predicate. Mbula employs five categories of prepositions:
2506:. This resemblance suggests that both could potentially fall under the same category of prepositional phrases, which further suggests that prepositions could be split into a
1442:('that one over there, those ones over there'). Accusative pronouns encode animate participants which function as objects. The referent pronouns encode virtually any animate
1229:
uninflected verbs which never occur as modifiers within the predicate phrase, but which can occur in either a preceding or following cosubordinate adverbial predication
2733:
refers to the entity that has already been revealed in the sentence. In
Example 10 however, the woman is not present situationally, but is referred to hypothetically.
1193:
Prototypical verbs and prototypical prepositions exist along a cline with verbs at the start, prepositions at the end, and multicategoried word types in the middle:
998:
As stated above, vowel length is contrastive. What would be written phonetically as a: is represented by aa. All long vowels are written this way. All alveolars (
4328:
1358:
individuated/count (the referent of the noun may be easily separated from its environment and may not be divided without changing its essential nature/character)
1226:
inflected verbs which never occur as modifiers within the predicate phrase, and can occur in either a preceding or following cosubordinate adverbial predication
1704:
is a free demonstrative used situationally and functions as a modifier of a singular noun phrase, as it is introducing the 'younger brother'. Additionally,
1232:
forms which can occur as modifiers in the predicate phrase after the object or occur as uninflected verbs in an adjacent cosubordinate adverbial predication
5457:
1204:
forms not inflected with the subject prefixes which syntactically function only as predicates in sentences (the uninflected verbs discussed below in verbs)
1185:
environments. This can mean ultimately either category shift of a word class or even just the general greying of the word classes as iron-clad categories.
2766:(which states the spatial positioning of motion) and the deictic orientation of motion in regards to the speaker and listener. This is shown in Table 2.
1458:
The characteristic syntactic function of verbs is to act as the heads of predications in which they occur. They are defined by a number of properties:
1322:
There is no syntactic distinction between nouns and adjectives in Mbula. Nouns are syntactically distinguished by the following three characteristics:
1336:
There are eight semantic features of noun referents which are especially important for characterising the morphosyntactic behaviour of Mbula nouns:
6243:
2292:
is used situationally as a place adverb for where a group of people work and where in relation to the speaker, is the house located, respectively.
10999:
8913:
2118:
GIV 2SG+look for that.on say=NF dog hunter then-GIV 3PL-get=ACC.3SG and say=NF dog SPEC bad.hunter=PROX GIV that.one 3SG-able 3PL-get=ACC.3SG NEG
392:
group of
Austronesian languages. It was originally proposed as a member of the Siassi language group which is a set of languages extending from
14651:
11011:
1219:
Prototypical verbs and adverbs exist along a cline with verbs at the start, adverbs at the end and multicategoried word types in the middle:
1238:
forms which can occur immediately after the predicate and never function as a predicate in an adjacent cosubordinate adverbial construction
4321:
2111:
Wa ma la ma so=be me ti-se ki ta-sa na, reo. Pa ina, so=be me mboĆ, to-na ti-kam=i. Mi so=be me tau napumon=i na, ina i-rao ti-kam=i som.
421:
language in that there are many specific vocabulary items for species of fish, shells, canoes, nets, spears and a pair of motion verbs
408:. However, more recent evidence suggests that it is a descendant of the Vitiaz Dialect Linkage. Its nearest genetic relations are the
1553:
used for animate goals towards which some entity moves, sites at which some entity is located and body parts which perceive something
784:
Mbula has five vowel phonemes as shown in the following table. Phonetically front vowels are unrounded and back vowels are rounded.
5450:
1235:
forms which occur immediately after the object and never function as predicates in an adjacent cosubordinate adverbial construction
1223:
inflected verbs which never occur as modifiers within the predicate phrase and never occur in cosubordinate adverbial predications
433:'to enter' which specifically describe paths of motion which are radially outward toward the sea or radially inward from the sea.
2525:
group, why then would there be an ordering restriction? As a result of these problems, a demonstrative form class is recognised.
4219:(2004). "The grammaticization of directional verbs in Oceanic languages". In Bril, Isabelle; Ozanne-Rivierre, Françoise (eds.).
4314:
14656:
4240:
4206:
756:
intervocalically. Prenasalised stops, while requiring two phonetic units, exist as a single phonemic unit. The palatal glide
96:
2746:. The demonstrative denotes (1) entities that are accessible or nearby the speaker and (2) textually revealed participants.
9120:
6940:
6236:
68:
14646:
9877:
5443:
726:
692:
356:
Mbula speakers generally display difficulty expressing a name for their language. Historically it has been referenced as
296:
473:
and some 30% speak and understand some Ngero. Due to missionization and other factors, 35% can speak and write
English.
12846:
4283:
UC:uncertain SPEC:specific RED:reduplication GIV:given or thematised entity NF:non-factual PROX:proximate REF:referent
3389:
Verbs typically index the person and number of the subject of the sentence with the following set of subject prefixes:
3213:~ nothing â presupposed factuality (I know that this is something which has happened and I think you know about it too)
1349:
concrete (the noun can potentially refer to a physical location to which, at which, or from which an event takes place)
345:
75:
9684:
7459:
4272:
1332:
A subclass of nouns is morphologically distinguished by being obligatorily inflected with a set of genitive suffixes.
380:
is the only name known to have been used by Mbula speakers themselves, though many of them are unfamiliar with this.
115:
3964:
derivations tend to convey the idea of generic, habitual or characteristic actions. A further nominalisation suffix
3349:
processes. Most words in Mbula are mono-morphemic. Multi-morphemic words can be formed via the following processes:
12409:
11851:
11545:
5695:
5654:
1608:
1601:
term for 'that, there', there does not seem to be a major change in the pronunciation of the term in Mangap-Mbula (
1346:
potent (the referent of the noun can be viewed as the ultimate cause of some process which affects another entity)
14256:
12483:
11499:
6229:
6211:
5753:
4589:
4366:
3221:â presupposed non-factuality (I know that this is something which has not happened and I think you know about it)
874:
286:
49:
4251:
82:
14104:
12861:
11238:
8002:
7880:
6776:
5359:
53:
276:
12020:
11585:
9368:
9343:
8850:
6723:
6656:
5349:
5344:
5310:
4337:
3119:
means 'there it is (by you)'. There are also other
Oceanic languages with a closer meaning to Mangap-Mbula's
4221:
2514:(true prepositions) sub-category. However, viewing things this way could have two issues: (1) the adverbial
14320:
12255:
11788:
10100:
9300:
8272:
8012:
7310:
6979:
5474:
4409:
3148:
Mangap-Mbula is a noun-demonstrative order language. This order is usual for neighbouring languages in the
2297:
883:
656:
64:
1003:
999:
987:
983:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
745:
14457:
13684:
11923:
11399:
11349:
11029:
10585:
9159:
6555:
6538:
6323:
5414:
5409:
4853:
4454:
4294:
1329:
When functioning as the heads of noun phrases, nouns occur phrase initially with all modifiers following.
967:
The placement of stress is predictable. In most words, primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
851:
341:
181:
13113:
13091:
12573:
12244:
10220:
9905:
9564:
9416:
8177:
7653:
7534:
7203:
7178:
6951:
6912:
6696:
5871:
5466:
5369:
5065:
4820:
1361:
899:
772:
is palatalized to a voiceless, laminal, post-alveolar plosive when followed by a morpheme boundary and
733:
572:
565:
201:
196:
3976:. Transitivity of predicates can be altered by the addition of one or more of the following prefixes:
14239:
13468:
13403:
12951:
11771:
11760:
11741:
11162:
11144:
10928:
10769:
10061:
9748:
9727:
9357:
8991:
8458:
8372:
8168:
7764:
7315:
7305:
7059:
7054:
5788:
5682:
5176:
5032:
4981:
3161:
1522:
751:
749:
674:
191:
13916:
9812:
2191:
and ones that denote location in sentences. Thus, they are considered as being a single form class.
13791:
13287:
11431:
11425:
10678:
10600:
10575:
9914:
9534:
9482:
9237:
7997:
7837:
7814:
7544:
7404:
7343:
7069:
6643:
6610:
3346:
3330:
3078:
1715:
860:
270:
8448:
14334:
14266:
13728:
13664:
13428:
13131:
13102:
11793:
11056:
10898:
10764:
10504:
10386:
9597:
8380:
8335:
8150:
8145:
8110:
8105:
7985:
7754:
7663:
7449:
7049:
6827:
6412:
5004:
4216:
600:
593:
579:
42:
8805:
7325:
3194:~ nothing â non-presupposition of factuality (I do not say this is something which has happened)
760:
is treated as being underlyingly vocalic in morphophonemic analysis while the labio-velar glide
13754:
13654:
12717:
11711:
11461:
11196:
9627:
9592:
8834:
8760:
8725:
7954:
7679:
7044:
6713:
6708:
6397:
6252:
6174:
6065:
5419:
3486:
1625:
635:
628:
621:
317:
176:
8192:
6893:
14503:
14387:
14149:
14050:
12533:
11469:
10933:
8750:
8197:
8071:
8035:
7744:
7282:
7064:
6627:
6572:
5816:
5567:
5295:
4908:
4719:
4696:
4494:
3239:
710:
539:
532:
17:
14560:
14419:
12826:
11726:
11691:
9768:
7173:
89:
14354:
14311:
14212:
14164:
14139:
14094:
13948:
13786:
13413:
13333:
12811:
12538:
10903:
10580:
10532:
10254:
10158:
9642:
9637:
9582:
9554:
9290:
8755:
8659:
8639:
8435:
8425:
8415:
8345:
8340:
7366:
7198:
7039:
6999:
6844:
6839:
6567:
5821:
5399:
5374:
4971:
3136:
607:
11716:
9806:
7759:
7241:
4037:
3205:
nothing â asserted factuality (I say this is something which has happened or is happening)
8:
14538:
14523:
14159:
14123:
14084:
13896:
13796:
13594:
13549:
13240:
13230:
13225:
13156:
12836:
12747:
12712:
12697:
12687:
12424:
12359:
12045:
12000:
11975:
11721:
11685:
11563:
11447:
11442:
11383:
11286:
10631:
10570:
10427:
10148:
9964:
9505:
9260:
9192:
9001:
8996:
8986:
8632:
8420:
8315:
8218:
7749:
7684:
7633:
7605:
7429:
7394:
7297:
7213:
7148:
7097:
6809:
6308:
6117:
6060:
6045:
6035:
5673:
5582:
5424:
5404:
4966:
4524:
3484:
Mbula contains a class of nouns which are obligatorily inflected with genitive suffixes.
1198:
14003:
13988:
13629:
13569:
12841:
9794:
8443:
6661:
14533:
14518:
14513:
14477:
14447:
14429:
14398:
14301:
14217:
14207:
14194:
14144:
13906:
13743:
13589:
13574:
13564:
13521:
13463:
13453:
13448:
13245:
13011:
12961:
12757:
12656:
12611:
12601:
12453:
12447:
12336:
12276:
12055:
12040:
11990:
11980:
11954:
11856:
11509:
11039:
10954:
10868:
10858:
10820:
10210:
10133:
10026:
9784:
9732:
9574:
9352:
9265:
9197:
9167:
9087:
9077:
8878:
8845:
8829:
8745:
8710:
8654:
8609:
8488:
8295:
8140:
8115:
8030:
8022:
7623:
7590:
7572:
7529:
7521:
7502:
7497:
7487:
7482:
7439:
7419:
7233:
7188:
7163:
7112:
7092:
6855:
6799:
6761:
6470:
6391:
6332:
6265:
6127:
5983:
5927:
5906:
5748:
5723:
5718:
5552:
5492:
5394:
5204:
5123:
4956:
4946:
4921:
4805:
4732:
4631:
4544:
4514:
4394:
2763:
1645:
1210:
forms never exhibiting inflection and which function syntactically only as prepositions
1002:) are dental-alveolars. They are represented in the orthography by t, d, n and nd. The
546:
514:
504:
14008:
13328:
13191:
11736:
10615:
10056:
8679:
8498:
8223:
7908:
448:, a beneficial love magic used by many young men in their pursuit of young ladies and
262:
14472:
14467:
14424:
14369:
14359:
14344:
14291:
14202:
14184:
14179:
14128:
14115:
14089:
14018:
13968:
13911:
13886:
13809:
13634:
13604:
13584:
13579:
13539:
13368:
13042:
13021:
12996:
12971:
12931:
12901:
12891:
12886:
12876:
12866:
12762:
12722:
12682:
12286:
12137:
12127:
12112:
12080:
12030:
11995:
11985:
11965:
11798:
11706:
11696:
11340:
11322:
11317:
10938:
10893:
10848:
10789:
10779:
10722:
10691:
10605:
10547:
10407:
10381:
10337:
10322:
10312:
10168:
10163:
10143:
10051:
9979:
9969:
9849:
9829:
9722:
9632:
9549:
9363:
9328:
9313:
9270:
9245:
9217:
9207:
9187:
9182:
9150:
9130:
9105:
9066:
9050:
8953:
8938:
8704:
8669:
8593:
8528:
8483:
8478:
8468:
8400:
8087:
8045:
7969:
7929:
7899:
7799:
7789:
7779:
7769:
7727:
7467:
7444:
7409:
7335:
7320:
7193:
7153:
7135:
7117:
7107:
7079:
6994:
6930:
6784:
6731:
6582:
6460:
6363:
6132:
6070:
6019:
5768:
5710:
5502:
5249:
5209:
4951:
4931:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4747:
4661:
4529:
4479:
4268:
4236:
4202:
3090:
2721:
for either the chicken (Example 9), the woman (Example 10) or the tree (Example 11).
2511:
684:
389:
186:
14434:
13993:
13202:
11553:
11092:
10046:
8453:
8135:
292:
14552:
14528:
14508:
14452:
14439:
14414:
14379:
14349:
14339:
14261:
14169:
14154:
14062:
13848:
13781:
13776:
13619:
13609:
13599:
13559:
13554:
13491:
13458:
13443:
13423:
13353:
13220:
13176:
13166:
13151:
13146:
13037:
13001:
12991:
12986:
12966:
12941:
12926:
12856:
12671:
12651:
12636:
12631:
12621:
12616:
12563:
12404:
12379:
12369:
12354:
12301:
12198:
12172:
12147:
12091:
12035:
11897:
11803:
11627:
11602:
11504:
11484:
11409:
11271:
11223:
11205:
11034:
10959:
10913:
10908:
10877:
10800:
10744:
10739:
10728:
10707:
10610:
10552:
10537:
10527:
10417:
10360:
10277:
10272:
10239:
10234:
10197:
10178:
10173:
10138:
10036:
9989:
9959:
9954:
9854:
9652:
9602:
9587:
9559:
9500:
9463:
9433:
9318:
9285:
9275:
9255:
9227:
9177:
9140:
9110:
9039:
8976:
8927:
8800:
8735:
8720:
8599:
8580:
8520:
8503:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8258:
8233:
8213:
8208:
8100:
8007:
7822:
7804:
7715:
7618:
7613:
7585:
7562:
7472:
7424:
7414:
7381:
7371:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7246:
7168:
7158:
7143:
7128:
7122:
7087:
7018:
7004:
6969:
6964:
6920:
6883:
6878:
6863:
6756:
6666:
6633:
6590:
6484:
6438:
6433:
6295:
6009:
5978:
5952:
5947:
5937:
5932:
5857:
5733:
5649:
5613:
5592:
5577:
5517:
5354:
5239:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5141:
5133:
5118:
5060:
4843:
4772:
4681:
4671:
4666:
4651:
4519:
4504:
4474:
4351:
4260:
4228:
4192:
4182:
3157:
1711:
1443:
1364:
genitive (the referent of the item is inherently associated with some other entity)
1352:
temporal (the noun may be used to delineate the time at which an event takes place)
509:
333:
206:
139:
13953:
13881:
13876:
13871:
13614:
12065:
11655:
10086:
9801:
4434:
978:
structure is generally (C)V(C). VV can sometimes form a syllable in the case of a
454:, a kind of mildly destructive magic used to curse and hurt others. A third kind,
368:
is considered an offensive term along the lines of "unsophisticated bush person".
14571:
14566:
14393:
14286:
14174:
14024:
14013:
13963:
13938:
13748:
13704:
13649:
13644:
13496:
13438:
13433:
13418:
13373:
13358:
13316:
13311:
13171:
13141:
13073:
13047:
13006:
12936:
12921:
12916:
12896:
12871:
12831:
12752:
12742:
12737:
12727:
12707:
12692:
12666:
12581:
12543:
12528:
12508:
12503:
12458:
12432:
12384:
12364:
12316:
12311:
12296:
12271:
12226:
12208:
12203:
12193:
12187:
12182:
12152:
12132:
12107:
12102:
12086:
12005:
11960:
11949:
11876:
11819:
11701:
11665:
11650:
11632:
11558:
11535:
11530:
11437:
11394:
11388:
11378:
11361:
11291:
11276:
11261:
11218:
11172:
11118:
11097:
11023:
10949:
10944:
10923:
10888:
10853:
10843:
10838:
10832:
10717:
10668:
10595:
10590:
10562:
10517:
10493:
10473:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10412:
10391:
10350:
10317:
10307:
10205:
10183:
10153:
10117:
10081:
10076:
10041:
10021:
9984:
9974:
9946:
9789:
9763:
9753:
9701:
9696:
9495:
9453:
9443:
9398:
9393:
9378:
9333:
9212:
9172:
8981:
8963:
8948:
8892:
8868:
8795:
8780:
8649:
8627:
8558:
8463:
8405:
8390:
8330:
8253:
8238:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8040:
7992:
7918:
7913:
7690:
7628:
7595:
7580:
7507:
7389:
7361:
7353:
7251:
7218:
7102:
7031:
6898:
6868:
6789:
6766:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6681:
6671:
6595:
6510:
6505:
6478:
6385:
6345:
6340:
6313:
6122:
6101:
6096:
6075:
6055:
6040:
6004:
5886:
5826:
5811:
5778:
5773:
5728:
5690:
5618:
5587:
5532:
5527:
5512:
5487:
5364:
5285:
5272:
5262:
5257:
5199:
5189:
5075:
5045:
5017:
4994:
4926:
4878:
4858:
4848:
4828:
4795:
4780:
4757:
4742:
4727:
4676:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4618:
4584:
4574:
4554:
4549:
4539:
4509:
4429:
4414:
4389:
4384:
4157:
3149:
3126:
2507:
720:
702:
526:
519:
397:
329:
168:
149:
10071:
4306:
1562:
used to express resemblance, similarity or approximate equality (i.e., like, as)
14624:
14493:
14364:
14296:
14133:
13978:
13958:
13901:
13838:
13759:
13709:
13699:
13694:
13674:
13659:
13639:
13544:
13534:
13529:
13501:
13343:
13338:
13306:
13196:
13186:
13136:
13121:
13068:
13052:
13016:
12981:
12881:
12777:
12772:
12661:
12641:
12626:
12586:
12558:
12553:
12523:
12498:
12488:
12478:
12468:
12463:
12442:
12414:
12399:
12374:
12326:
12321:
12306:
12213:
12177:
12162:
12157:
12142:
12122:
12096:
12075:
12070:
12060:
12010:
11970:
11944:
11928:
11918:
11902:
11892:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11746:
11731:
11675:
11670:
11660:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11525:
11474:
11404:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11177:
11113:
11071:
10810:
10805:
10784:
10774:
10647:
10512:
10488:
10478:
10456:
10376:
10355:
10287:
10282:
10249:
10031:
9923:
9758:
9665:
9619:
9511:
9490:
9458:
9448:
9428:
9388:
9373:
9323:
9308:
9250:
9202:
9135:
9082:
9018:
8887:
8840:
8770:
8694:
8622:
8604:
8548:
8543:
8493:
8473:
8395:
8385:
8361:
8350:
8248:
8243:
8228:
8202:
8187:
8182:
8095:
8077:
7980:
7959:
7867:
7852:
7847:
7832:
7827:
7794:
7784:
7774:
7739:
7732:
7658:
7557:
7552:
7492:
7399:
7223:
7208:
7183:
6959:
6925:
6873:
6804:
6794:
6751:
6686:
6676:
6515:
6427:
6374:
6368:
6285:
6277:
6169:
6153:
5999:
5957:
5942:
5891:
5841:
5836:
5806:
5758:
5738:
5700:
5659:
5644:
5608:
5542:
5537:
5522:
5323:
5318:
5290:
5229:
5184:
5146:
5113:
5103:
5083:
5050:
5040:
4941:
4936:
4916:
4898:
4868:
4863:
4838:
4810:
4800:
4790:
4785:
4752:
4737:
4686:
4656:
4626:
4599:
4569:
4559:
4469:
4464:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4419:
4404:
4399:
4176:
3165:
1197:
forms inflected with the subject prefixes which function syntactically only as
4010:
14640:
14498:
14462:
13998:
13983:
13973:
13943:
13921:
13891:
13843:
13714:
13679:
13669:
13624:
13511:
13506:
13486:
13478:
13378:
13363:
13348:
13323:
13300:
13295:
13276:
13261:
13235:
13181:
13161:
12976:
12956:
12911:
12906:
12851:
12797:
12782:
12767:
12732:
12702:
12606:
12596:
12591:
12518:
12513:
12493:
12473:
12437:
12389:
12349:
12344:
12291:
12281:
12266:
12167:
12117:
11824:
11607:
11312:
11296:
11228:
11213:
11182:
11167:
11157:
11152:
11076:
11045:
10964:
10918:
10882:
10794:
10734:
10712:
10641:
10636:
10522:
10483:
10327:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10264:
10244:
10112:
9999:
9994:
9936:
9931:
9895:
9717:
9670:
9660:
9516:
9438:
9383:
9280:
9222:
9071:
8971:
8943:
8933:
8790:
8740:
8730:
8715:
8684:
8588:
8563:
8553:
8538:
8533:
8410:
8355:
8325:
8320:
7842:
7477:
6888:
6651:
6622:
6600:
6455:
6380:
6303:
6206:
6189:
6148:
6091:
6050:
5911:
5901:
5896:
5801:
5796:
5763:
5743:
5634:
5572:
5507:
5497:
5482:
5435:
5328:
5300:
5280:
5234:
5194:
5151:
5108:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5055:
5012:
4989:
4961:
4704:
4594:
4579:
4564:
4499:
4489:
4459:
4424:
3948:
3252:
3104:
3100:
2742:: (1) as a demonstrative, or (2) to convey reason-result sequences. They are
1641:
1447:
833:
409:
393:
3356:
inflection of inalienable nouns for the person and number of their genitives
1006:
sound is represented by y. The complete orthography of Mbula is as follows:
13689:
13271:
13266:
13126:
12946:
12792:
12677:
12646:
12548:
12394:
12050:
11680:
11281:
11266:
10542:
10229:
10066:
9468:
8765:
8674:
8664:
8644:
7434:
6184:
6014:
5962:
5831:
5639:
5022:
4873:
4833:
4762:
4534:
3491:
being the edge of something. Following is a list of the genitive suffixes:
3153:
1169:
325:
321:
316:(also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an
4232:
1462:
They typically index the person and number of the subject of the sentence.
412:
languages; its nearest geographic neighbour is the Papuan Kovai language.
246:
11134:
8785:
8775:
8699:
8689:
7010:
6221:
4709:
2188:
845:
828:
405:
4197:
4178:
A Grammar of Mangap-Mbula: An
Austronesian Language of Papua New Guinea
4015:
3334:
2718:
1416:
1412:
1355:
potentially consumable (the referent of the noun can be eaten or drunk)
912:
891:
838:
401:
337:
442:
divination. Two general types of magic are identified among speakers,
4361:
4356:
4187:
3229:â habitual event (This is the kind of thing that is always happening)
2743:
2497:
1505:
979:
868:
643:
487:
470:
255:
239:
4264:
1592:
460:, is considered the most evil, used only to kill or disable people.
31:
3362:
derivation of predicates to increase or decrease their transitivity
3099:(meaning 'that, there') have a slightly different meaning, such as
1420:
975:
490:
304:
1790:
1598:
1468:
They may not function as noun-phrase modifiers in certain frames.
1175:
982:
or long vowel and syllable structure can be analysed as CCV when
554:
300:
8912:
2759:
2522:
2184:
1649:
1584:
function of relating a dependent noun phrase to a verbal head.
1477:
There are several categories of non-inflecting verbs in Mbula:
4038:"ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - Cognate Sets - N"
4097:
3342:
3338:
1165:
4158:"WALS Online - Feature 88A: Order of Demonstrative and Noun"
4140:
4138:
4136:
4087:
4085:
4072:
4070:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
3168:. Examples 9, 10 and 11 demonstrate this lexical ordering.
2751:
2114:
2SG+walk+RED and 2SG+go and say=NF dog 3PL-ascend LOC SPEC-
3353:
indexing on verbs for the person and number of the
Subject
3125:, but have an additional sound at the beginning. They are
303:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
6554:
376:
is the name given to Mbula speakers by Siassi
Islanders.
4133:
4109:
4082:
4067:
4044:
2484:
Examples 6, 7, and 8 demonstrate that the demonstrative
1373:
Pronouns make the following person/number distinctions.
10998:
9876:
3333:
in the Mbula language is not complex. There is little
1637:
Demonstrative pronouns and spatial deictic expressions
2623:
that (hypothetical) woman (about whom I am talking)
2500:and positionally similar to the preposition phrase
764:is analysed consonantally. All voiceless plosives,
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4220:
4121:
4032:
4030:
4028:
3479:
2695:
2607:
2561:
2183:In Mangap-Mbula, there are no differences between
2058:
1982:
1917:
1710:also has two other functions. The first is as the
4336:
3140:
2727:refers to the specific entity (i.e. 'that'), and
1593:Historical demonstratives and deictic expressions
14638:
3093:which share the same pronunciation for the term
1714:meaning 'this is true now', and the second as a
1465:They may contain transitivity-altering prefixes.
23:Austronesian language spoken in Papua New Guinea
4025:
3635:
2667:
2657:
1927:
1844:
1822:
1242:
5465:
4253:Deixis and demonstratives in Oceanic languages
3670:
3600:
3114:
3060:
3040:
3003:
2983:
2954:
2934:
2259:
2151:
2095:
2076:
2000:
1768:
1753:
953:
946:
493:of Mbula are as shown in the following table:
6237:
6204:
5451:
4322:
3871:
1612:
383:
3906:
3832:
3793:
2435:
2425:
2380:
2370:
2325:
2315:
2202:
2087:
1992:
1882:
1631:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3778:
3758:
3753:
3738:
3714:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3562:
3547:
3540:
3520:
3513:
3469:
3462:
3450:
3443:
3430:
3418:
3411:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3281:â I hear something, I don't know what it is
3276:
3268:
3260:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3120:
3094:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2737:
2728:
2722:
2712:
2704:tree SPEC NOM.2SG 2SG+stay+RED REF SPEC-GIV
2515:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2287:
2127:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1725:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1692:that one over there, those ones over there
1685:
1673:
1661:
1619:
1602:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
455:
449:
443:
428:
422:
6251:
6244:
6230:
5458:
5444:
4329:
4315:
4174:
4144:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4076:
4061:
3942:
3773:
3729:
3705:
3375:
3130:
3108:
2510:(location adverbs and demonstratives) and
1155:
4196:
4186:
3372:These processes will be discussed below.
2105:
1188:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
6215:) is being considered for deletion. See
3836:
3797:
3733:
3709:
2175:What is that one/thing over there doing?
1789:functions similarly to the third person
1777:this.one NOM.1SG younger.sibling-GEN.1SG
400:of Papua New Guinea, along the coast of
4227:. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
4223:Complex Predicates in Oceanic Languages
3970:exists but is far less productive than
3036:
2979:
2930:
2653:
2617:
2593:
2421:
2366:
2311:
2115:
2091:
1996:
1907:
1749:
1565:the comitative and manner prepositions
297:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14639:
6264:
1640:Mangap-Mbula has three different free
1578:
805:are lowered slightly when followed by
10997:
9875:
8579:
7714:
6556:Western branches of MalayoâPolynesian
6553:
6537:
6536:
6263:
6225:
5439:
4310:
4249:
3572:
2671:
2279:house over.there 3SG-deteriorate PERF
2155:
1893:
1826:
1764:
436:
4215:
4127:
3384:
3186:â lest (I don't want this to happen)
3084:
2477:NOM.3PL 3PL-do work in another place
1624:is used has narrowed, as it is used
1472:
1297:â 'to sweep up' using this implement
1214:
970:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
11000:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
9878:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
2783:Towards neither Speaker nor Hearer
2780:Towards Hearer, not Towards Speaker
2172:that.one.over.there 3SG-do+RED what
2019:
1955:
1864:
1644:which do not differentiate between
1574:prepositional verbs discussed below
463:
13:
14620:? indicates classification dispute
4004:
3171:
3113:means 'this', and Chuukese, where
3070:NOM.1SG UC 1SG-descend-come.to.you
1495:from other verbs morphologically.
962:
14:
14668:
6219:to help reach a consensus. âș
4287:
4259:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
4181:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
3050:
3021:NOM.1SG UC 1SG-come.to.you Monday
2993:
2944:
2762:. These verbs often compound the
2048:
1618:). However, the context in which
1587:
1571:used for accompaniment and manner
1484:stative verbs encoding properties
898:
882:
873:
859:
850:
732:
725:
709:
691:
673:
655:
634:
627:
620:
606:
599:
592:
578:
571:
564:
545:
538:
531:
320:spoken by around 2,500 people on
3246:
2691:
2681:
2643:
2603:
2557:
2282:That house over there is ruined.
2037:
1903:
427:'to go out, appear, happen' and
30:
4367:Papua New Guinean Sign Language
4150:
3580:
3480:Inflection of inalienable nouns
3233:
2707:that tree where you are staying
2270:
1529:
41:needs additional citations for
4175:Bugenhagen, Robert D. (1995).
3313:â I say you did something good
2474:Zin ti-kam uraata pa lele toro
2351:NOM.3PL 3PL-do work over.there
1517:
993:
372:is not in known use; however,
1:
14652:Subjectâverbâobject languages
4338:Languages of Papua New Guinea
3997:
3325:
3297:â I want to ask you something
3024:I will come to you on Monday.
2711:In the examples given above,
1498:
1436:('that one, those ones') and
481:
14657:Languages of Morobe Province
14617:* indicates proposed status
2770:Table 2. Motion verb stems.
1526:notions of five and twenty.
1243:Verbs and instrumental nouns
1180:verbs and instrumental nouns
476:
7:
14504:Futuna-Aniwa / West Futunan
2736:There are two functions of
2717:is used situationally as a
1780:This is my younger brother.
1718:part of the demonstratives
1368:
415:
10:
14673:
5467:North New Guinea languages
4168:
3238:There are a great deal of
3202:â like (I think like this)
3077:These are all examples of
2701:ke ta nu mbotmbot pa ta-na
1544:used for oblique arguments
1481:stative experiential verbs
1430:('this one, these ones'),
1411:Pronouns also inflect for
384:Language family and origin
15:
14612:
14551:
14486:
14407:
14378:
14330:
14319:
14310:
14282:
14275:
14249:
14238:
14193:
14114:
14103:
14080:
14071:
14058:
14049:
13931:
13864:
13857:
13831:
13822:
13805:
13769:
13736:
13727:
13520:
13477:
13402:
13391:
13286:
13254:
13211:
13112:
13101:
13090:
13061:
13030:
12819:
12810:
12572:
12423:
12335:
12254:
12243:
12222:
12019:
11937:
11911:
11885:
11844:
11833:
11812:
11781:
11770:
11759:
11641:
11595:
11584:
11544:
11518:
11492:
11483:
11460:
11418:
11371:
11357:
11348:
11339:
11305:
11237:
11204:
11195:
11143:
11127:
11106:
11085:
11064:
11055:
11019:
11010:
11006:
10993:
10867:
10828:
10819:
10760:
10753:
10700:
10687:
10677:
10661:
10624:
10561:
10503:
10466:
10426:
10400:
10369:
10346:
10336:
10263:
10219:
10196:
10126:
10108:
10099:
10014:
9945:
9922:
9913:
9904:
9888:
9884:
9871:
9842:
9825:
9777:
9741:
9710:
9692:
9683:
9651:
9618:
9611:
9573:
9542:
9533:
9481:
9424:
9415:
9408:
9342:
9299:
9236:
9158:
9149:
9119:
9098:
9059:
9032:
9014:
8962:
8923:
8905:
8877:
8861:
8822:
8618:
8572:
8519:
8512:
8434:
8371:
8271:
8167:
8086:
8067:
8058:
8021:
7968:
7947:
7938:
7928:
7898:
7891:
7879:
7865:
7813:
7723:
7707:
7672:
7649:
7642:
7604:
7571:
7543:
7520:
7458:
7380:
7352:
7334:
7296:
7275:
7232:
7078:
7030:
6987:
6978:
6950:
6939:
6911:
6854:
6835:
6826:
6775:
6722:
6704:
6695:
6642:
6618:
6609:
6581:
6566:
6562:
6549:
6545:
6532:
6498:
6469:
6448:
6420:
6411:
6354:
6331:
6322:
6294:
6276:
6272:
6259:
6162:
6141:
6110:
6084:
6028:
5992:
5971:
5920:
5879:
5870:
5850:
5787:
5709:
5681:
5672:
5627:
5601:
5560:
5551:
5473:
5387:
5337:
5309:
5271:
5248:
5175:
5132:
5074:
5031:
5003:
4980:
4907:
4819:
4771:
4718:
4695:
4617:
4608:
4375:
4344:
3555:
3536:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3458:
3438:
3410:
3404:
3394:
3305:â I do not agree with you
3265:â I want to say something
3145:means 'that (distant)').
2919:These are some examples:
2406:NOM.3PL 3PL-do work below
2403:Zin ti-kam uraata meleebe
1656:Table 1. Demonstratives.
1632:Morpho-syntactic features
1547:the locative preposition
1538:the referent preposition
940:â 'new shoot of a plant'
779:
719:
701:
683:
642:
553:
525:
501:
388:Mbula is a member of the
283:
269:
253:
237:
232:
165:
155:
145:
135:
130:
6217:templates for discussion
4296:Mbula-English Dictionary
3073:I will come down to you.
2967:He will come down to me.
2276:Ruumu taĆga i-saana kek.
2180:Locative adverbial forms
1453:
1317:
1289:â implement for sweeping
792:can be lax or tense and
16:Not to be confused with
13797:Whitesands / East Tanna
4021:(subscription required)
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3943:Derivational morphology
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3779:
3759:
3739:
3715:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3563:
3548:
3541:
3521:
3514:
3470:
3463:
3451:
3444:
3431:
3419:
3412:
3376:Inflectional morphology
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3141:
3131:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3095:
3056:
3046:
3032:
3010:
2999:
2989:
2975:
2950:
2940:
2926:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2713:
2687:
2677:
2663:
2649:
2639:
2631:
2599:
2589:
2581:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2516:
2502:
2492:
2486:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2431:
2417:
2395:
2387:
2376:
2362:
2348:Zin ti-kam uraata taĆga
2340:
2332:
2321:
2307:
2288:
2266:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:They worked over there.
2217:
2209:
2198:
2161:
2147:
2139:
2128:
2101:
2083:
2072:
2064:
2054:
2043:
2033:
2025:
2014:
2006:
1988:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1923:
1913:
1899:
1889:
1878:
1870:
1859:
1851:
1840:
1832:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1785:
1759:
1745:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1706:
1700:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1620:
1614:
1609:Proto-Malayo Polynesian
1603:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1156:Syntax and word classes
456:
450:
444:
429:
423:
351:
348:case-marking strategy.
14647:NgeroâVitiaz languages
14534:Wallisian / East Uvean
14509:Futunan / East Futunan
14257:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
10467:LuangicâKisaric ?
8726:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
6253:Austronesian languages
6212:Austronesian languages
4250:Senft, Gunter (2004).
3251:There are a number of
2964:NOM.3SG UC 3SG-descend
2228:3PL-do work over.there
1642:demonstrative pronouns
1189:Verbs and prepositions
285:This article contains
13777:Kwamera / South Tanna
8751:Negeri Sembilan Malay
8003:Kota Marudu Talantang
4233:10.1515/9783110913286
3321:â I think you are bad
2570:bird chicken SPEC-GIV
2286:In Examples 4 and 5,
1503:This class is called
346:nominativeâaccusative
318:Austronesian language
18:Mbula-Bwazza language
13782:Lenakel / West Tanna
8645:Brunei/Kedayan Malay
6777:Southern Cordilleran
4106:, pp. 199, 200.
3164:, such as Maleu and
3063:-descend-come.to.you
2225:Ti-kam uraata taĆga.
1680:that one/those ones
1668:this one/these ones
990:is analysed as a C.
937:â 'domestic animal'
50:improve this article
11564:NatĂŒgu / Santa Cruz
10401:WetarâGaloli ?
9813:Toraja-Saʼdan
9072:Kawi / Old Javanese
8013:Klias River Kadazan
7460:GorontaloâMongondow
6724:Central Cordilleran
3081:deictic morphemes.
3018:Nio ko aĆ-ma Mande.
2771:
2567:man tatariigi ta-na
2185:deictic expressions
2143:that.one.over.there
1657:
1579:Prepositional verbs
822:
498:
497:Consonant phonemes
342:subjectâverbâobject
14458:Rakahanga-Manihiki
14420:Cook Islands MÄori
13685:Northeast Malakula
11924:LavatburaâLamusong
6980:Central Philippine
6266:Formosan languages
4345:Official languages
3573:Pronoun inflection
3273:â I want something
3135:means 'that') and
2769:
2490:and the adverbial
1655:
1389:1 plural inclusive
1386:1 plural exclusive
1313:â 'to draw a line'
820:
496:
437:People and culture
14634:
14633:
14608:
14607:
14604:
14603:
14600:
14599:
14596:
14595:
14592:
14591:
14588:
14587:
14584:
14583:
14580:
14579:
14547:
14546:
14234:
14233:
14230:
14229:
14226:
14225:
14045:
14044:
14041:
14040:
14037:
14036:
14033:
14032:
13818:
13817:
13723:
13722:
13387:
13386:
13086:
13085:
13082:
13081:
12806:
12805:
12239:
12238:
12235:
12234:
11755:
11754:
11580:
11579:
11456:
11455:
11335:
11334:
11331:
11330:
11191:
11190:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10984:
10981:
10980:
10977:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10657:
10656:
10192:
10191:
10095:
10094:
10010:
10009:
9867:
9866:
9863:
9862:
9838:
9837:
9821:
9820:
9679:
9678:
9529:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9477:
9476:
9028:
9027:
9010:
9009:
8914:Northwest Sumatra
8901:
8900:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8705:Kendayan / Selako
8267:
8266:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8158:
8054:
8053:
7875:
7874:
7861:
7860:
7703:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7535:Calamian Tagbanwa
7516:
7515:
7292:
7291:
7204:Southern Sorsogon
7179:Northern Sorsogon
7138:
7131:
7021:
7014:
6907:
6906:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6583:Batanic (Bashiic)
6539:MalayoâPolynesian
6528:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6494:
6493:
6407:
6406:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
5866:
5865:
5668:
5667:
5433:
5432:
5383:
5382:
4242:978-3-11-018188-3
4208:978-0-85883-426-2
4019:(18th ed., 2015)
3940:
3939:
3570:
3569:
3477:
3476:
3385:Verbal inflection
3091:Oceanic languages
3085:Aerial comparison
2917:
2916:
1696:
1695:
1473:Uninflected verbs
1215:Verbs and adverbs
1153:
1152:
971:Syllable patterns
960:
959:
908:
907:
742:
741:
410:Kilenge and Maleu
311:
310:
293:rendering support
289:phonetic symbols.
182:Malayo-Polynesian
161:4,500 (2007)
126:
125:
118:
100:
14664:
14328:
14327:
14317:
14316:
14280:
14279:
14247:
14246:
14112:
14111:
14078:
14077:
14056:
14055:
13862:
13861:
13829:
13828:
13734:
13733:
13475:
13474:
13469:Southeast Ambrym
13400:
13399:
13110:
13109:
13099:
13098:
12952:Arifama-Miniafia
12817:
12816:
12252:
12251:
11842:
11841:
11779:
11778:
11768:
11767:
11596:GelaâGuadalcanal
11593:
11592:
11559:Engdewu / Nanggu
11546:ReefsâSanta Cruz
11490:
11489:
11355:
11354:
11346:
11345:
11202:
11201:
11062:
11061:
11017:
11016:
11008:
11007:
10995:
10994:
10826:
10825:
10758:
10757:
10685:
10684:
10625:Southwest Maluku
10344:
10343:
10106:
10105:
9920:
9919:
9911:
9910:
9886:
9885:
9873:
9872:
9749:Aralle-Tabulahan
9742:Pitu Ulunna Salu
9690:
9689:
9616:
9615:
9540:
9539:
9422:
9421:
9413:
9412:
9156:
9155:
8921:
8920:
8916:âBarrier Islands
8910:
8909:
8801:Terengganu Malay
8577:
8576:
8517:
8516:
8065:
8064:
8008:Rungus / Momogun
7945:
7944:
7936:
7935:
7896:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7848:West Coast Bajaw
7721:
7720:
7712:
7711:
7708:Greater Barito *
7647:
7646:
7450:Western Bukidnon
7316:Central Tagbanwa
7306:Aborlan Tagbanwa
7134:
7127:
7060:Mount Iriga Agta
7055:Mount Iraya Agta
7017:
7009:
6985:
6984:
6952:Southern Mindoro
6948:
6947:
6913:Northern Mindoro
6833:
6832:
6702:
6701:
6697:Meso-Cordilleran
6616:
6615:
6579:
6578:
6564:
6563:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6534:
6533:
6418:
6417:
6329:
6328:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6260:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6223:
6222:
5877:
5876:
5679:
5678:
5558:
5557:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5437:
5436:
5370:Southeast Papuan
5360:RamuâLower Sepik
4615:
4614:
4376:Major Indigenous
4331:
4324:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4278:
4258:
4246:
4226:
4217:Ross, Malcolm D.
4212:
4200:
4190:
4188:10.15144/PL-C101
4162:
4161:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4080:
4074:
4065:
4059:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4023:
4022:
4008:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3795:
3782:
3775:
3762:
3755:
3742:
3735:
3731:
3718:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3581:
3566:
3551:
3544:
3524:
3517:
3494:
3493:
3473:
3466:
3454:
3447:
3434:
3422:
3415:
3392:
3391:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3162:West New Britain
3160:, as well as in
3144:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3098:
3067:Nio ko aĆ-su-ma.
3062:
3052:
3042:
3038:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2981:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2932:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2772:
2768:
2741:
2732:
2726:
2716:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2619:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2563:
2559:
2519:
2505:
2495:
2489:
2437:
2427:
2423:
2382:
2372:
2368:
2327:
2317:
2313:
2291:
2272:
2261:
2204:
2157:
2153:
2131:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2078:
2060:
2050:
2039:
2021:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1957:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1884:
1866:
1846:
1828:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1774:iĆgi nio tizi-Ć.
1770:
1766:
1763:younger.sibling-
1755:
1751:
1729:
1723:
1709:
1703:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1628:to mean 'that'.
1623:
1617:
1606:
1570:
1568:-ramaki-/-raama-
1561:
1556:the preposition
1552:
1543:
1444:oblique argument
1441:
1435:
1429:
1383:1 dual inclusive
1380:1 dual exclusive
1343:animate referent
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:/t/,/d/,/n/,/nd/
989:
985:
955:
948:
932:â a type of ant
918:
917:
902:
886:
877:
863:
854:
823:
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
791:
787:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
736:
729:
713:
695:
677:
668:
659:
650:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
549:
542:
535:
499:
495:
464:Language contact
459:
453:
447:
432:
426:
334:Papua New Guinea
279:
265:
249:
242:
197:North New Guinea
171:
140:Papua New Guinea
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
65:"Mbula language"
58:
34:
26:
14672:
14671:
14667:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14662:
14661:
14637:
14636:
14635:
14630:
14629:
14576:
14543:
14482:
14403:
14374:
14322:
14306:
14271:
14241:
14222:
14189:
14106:
14099:
14073:
14067:
14029:
13927:
13853:
13832:Loyalty Islands
13824:
13814:
13801:
13792:Southwest Tanna
13765:
13744:Erromanga / Sie
13719:
13516:
13473:
13405:
13395:
13393:
13383:
13312:Cape Cumberland
13282:
13255:South Pentecost
13250:
13231:Northeast Ambae
13214:North Pentecost
13213:
13207:
13104:
13093:
13078:
13057:
13031:KilivilaâMisima
13026:
12802:
12568:
12419:
12331:
12257:
12246:
12231:
12218:
12022:
12015:
11933:
11907:
11881:
11837:
11835:
11829:
11808:
11773:
11762:
11751:
11643:
11637:
11587:
11576:
11540:
11514:
11479:
11452:
11432:Southern Kaniet
11426:Northern Kaniet
11414:
11367:
11327:
11301:
11233:
11187:
11145:South Halmahera
11139:
11123:
11102:
11081:
11051:
11002:
10969:
10863:
10815:
10749:
10696:
10673:
10653:
10620:
10601:Southeast Babar
10576:Dawera-Daweloor
10557:
10499:
10462:
10422:
10396:
10370:Central Timor *
10365:
10332:
10259:
10215:
10188:
10122:
10091:
10006:
9941:
9900:
9880:
9859:
9834:
9817:
9773:
9737:
9706:
9675:
9647:
9607:
9569:
9521:
9473:
9404:
9344:TominiâTolitoli
9338:
9295:
9232:
9145:
9122:
9115:
9094:
9055:
9024:
9006:
8958:
8915:
8897:
8873:
8857:
8810:
8781:Pontianak Malay
8614:
8568:
8513:MalayoâChamic *
8508:
8430:
8367:
8301:KanowitâTanjong
8273:Central Sarawak
8263:
8178:Kenyah / Bakung
8155:
8082:
8060:
8050:
8017:
7998:Eastern Kadazan
7986:Coastal Kadazan
7964:
7940:
7930:Southwest Sabah
7924:
7900:Northeast Sabah
7882:
7871:
7857:
7838:Pangutaran Sama
7809:
7695:
7668:
7638:
7600:
7567:
7539:
7512:
7454:
7405:Cotabato Manobo
7376:
7348:
7344:Western Subanon
7330:
7288:
7271:
7228:
7074:
7026:
6974:
6942:
6941:Greater Central
6935:
6903:
6850:
6814:
6771:
6718:
6691:
6638:
6605:
6570:
6558:
6541:
6520:
6499:Southern ?
6490:
6465:
6444:
6403:
6356:
6350:
6318:
6290:
6268:
6255:
6250:
6220:
6203:
6194:
6158:
6137:
6106:
6080:
6024:
5988:
5967:
5916:
5862:
5846:
5789:South Huon Gulf
5783:
5705:
5683:North Huon Gulf
5664:
5623:
5597:
5547:
5469:
5464:
5434:
5429:
5379:
5350:KainantuâGoroka
5345:FinisterreâHuon
5338:Larger families
5333:
5311:TuramaâKikorian
5305:
5267:
5244:
5171:
5128:
5070:
5033:East Strickland
5027:
4999:
4976:
4903:
4815:
4767:
4714:
4691:
4610:
4604:
4377:
4371:
4340:
4335:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4265:10.15144/PL-562
4256:
4243:
4209:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4145:Bugenhagen 1995
4143:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4116:Bugenhagen 1995
4114:
4110:
4104:Bugenhagen 1995
4102:
4098:
4092:Bugenhagen 1995
4090:
4083:
4077:Bugenhagen 1995
4075:
4068:
4062:Bugenhagen 1995
4060:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4020:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3945:
3575:
3482:
3387:
3378:
3328:
3249:
3236:
3174:
3172:Complementizers
3150:Morobe Province
3087:
3075:
3065:
3054:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3008:
2997:
2987:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2948:
2938:
2924:
2777:Towards Speaker
2709:
2699:
2685:
2675:
2661:
2647:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2611:
2597:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2482:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2429:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2374:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2319:
2305:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2196:
2182:
2177:
2169:IĆga i-kaam so?
2167:
2159:
2145:
2137:
2124:
2109:
2099:
2081:
2070:
2062:
2052:
2041:
2031:
2023:
2012:
2004:
1986:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1921:
1911:
1897:
1887:
1876:
1868:
1857:
1849:
1838:
1830:
1816:
1782:
1772:
1757:
1743:
1735:
1639:
1634:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1532:
1520:
1501:
1490:aspectual verbs
1487:verbs of manner
1475:
1456:
1419:, referent and
1371:
1320:
1245:
1217:
1191:
1158:
996:
973:
965:
963:Suprasegmentals
821:Vowel phonemes
782:
748:is realised as
666:
648:
615:
587:
559:
513:
484:
479:
466:
439:
418:
398:Madang Province
386:
354:
330:Morobe Province
291:Without proper
275:
261:
245:
238:
228:
192:Western Oceanic
172:
169:Language family
167:
158:
157:Native speakers
150:Morobe Province
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
14670:
14660:
14659:
14654:
14649:
14632:
14631:
14628:
14627:
14625:extinct status
14621:
14618:
14614:
14613:
14610:
14609:
14606:
14605:
14602:
14601:
14598:
14597:
14594:
14593:
14590:
14589:
14586:
14585:
14582:
14581:
14578:
14577:
14575:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14557:
14555:
14549:
14548:
14545:
14544:
14542:
14541:
14536:
14531:
14526:
14521:
14516:
14511:
14506:
14501:
14496:
14490:
14488:
14484:
14483:
14481:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14444:
14443:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14411:
14409:
14405:
14404:
14402:
14401:
14396:
14391:
14384:
14382:
14376:
14375:
14373:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14357:
14352:
14347:
14342:
14337:
14335:Kapingamarangi
14331:
14325:
14314:
14308:
14307:
14305:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14283:
14277:
14273:
14272:
14270:
14269:
14267:Western Fijian
14264:
14259:
14253:
14251:
14244:
14236:
14235:
14232:
14231:
14228:
14227:
14224:
14223:
14221:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14199:
14197:
14191:
14190:
14188:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14172:
14167:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14147:
14142:
14137:
14131:
14126:
14120:
14118:
14109:
14101:
14100:
14098:
14097:
14092:
14087:
14081:
14075:
14069:
14068:
14066:
14065:
14059:
14053:
14047:
14046:
14043:
14042:
14039:
14038:
14035:
14034:
14031:
14030:
14028:
14027:
14022:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13935:
13933:
13929:
13928:
13926:
13925:
13919:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13868:
13866:
13859:
13858:New Caledonian
13855:
13854:
13852:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13835:
13833:
13826:
13820:
13819:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13812:
13806:
13803:
13802:
13800:
13799:
13794:
13789:
13784:
13779:
13773:
13771:
13767:
13766:
13764:
13763:
13757:
13752:
13746:
13740:
13738:
13731:
13725:
13724:
13721:
13720:
13718:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13652:
13647:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13526:
13524:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13483:
13481:
13472:
13471:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13421:
13416:
13410:
13408:
13397:
13389:
13388:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13320:
13319:
13309:
13304:
13298:
13292:
13290:
13288:Espiritu Santo
13284:
13283:
13281:
13280:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13258:
13256:
13252:
13251:
13249:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13233:
13228:
13223:
13217:
13215:
13209:
13208:
13206:
13205:
13200:
13194:
13189:
13184:
13179:
13174:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13118:
13116:
13107:
13096:
13088:
13087:
13084:
13083:
13080:
13079:
13077:
13076:
13071:
13065:
13063:
13059:
13058:
13056:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13034:
13032:
13028:
13027:
13025:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12823:
12821:
12814:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12765:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12725:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12578:
12576:
12570:
12569:
12567:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12429:
12427:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12357:
12352:
12347:
12341:
12339:
12333:
12332:
12330:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12263:
12261:
12249:
12241:
12240:
12237:
12236:
12233:
12232:
12230:
12229:
12223:
12220:
12219:
12217:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12027:
12025:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11952:
11947:
11941:
11939:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11915:
11913:
11909:
11908:
11906:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11889:
11887:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11848:
11846:
11839:
11831:
11830:
11828:
11827:
11822:
11816:
11814:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11785:
11783:
11776:
11765:
11757:
11756:
11753:
11752:
11750:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11647:
11645:
11639:
11638:
11636:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11599:
11597:
11590:
11582:
11581:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11574:
11573:
11572:
11569:
11561:
11556:
11550:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11522:
11520:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11496:
11494:
11487:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11472:
11466:
11464:
11462:Saint Matthias
11458:
11457:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11429:
11422:
11420:
11416:
11415:
11413:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11386:
11381:
11375:
11373:
11369:
11368:
11366:
11365:
11358:
11352:
11343:
11337:
11336:
11333:
11332:
11329:
11328:
11326:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11302:
11300:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11243:
11241:
11235:
11234:
11232:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11210:
11208:
11199:
11193:
11192:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11149:
11147:
11141:
11140:
11138:
11137:
11131:
11129:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11121:
11116:
11110:
11108:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11100:
11095:
11089:
11087:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11079:
11074:
11068:
11066:
11059:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11043:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11020:
11014:
11004:
11003:
10991:
10990:
10987:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10880:
10874:
10872:
10865:
10864:
10862:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10829:
10823:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10761:
10755:
10751:
10750:
10748:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10726:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10704:
10702:
10698:
10697:
10695:
10694:
10688:
10682:
10679:Central Maluku
10675:
10674:
10672:
10671:
10665:
10663:
10659:
10658:
10655:
10654:
10652:
10651:
10645:
10639:
10634:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10621:
10619:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10567:
10565:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10509:
10507:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10497:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10470:
10468:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10460:
10454:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10432:
10430:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10404:
10402:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10373:
10371:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10347:
10341:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10269:
10267:
10261:
10260:
10258:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10226:
10224:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10213:
10208:
10202:
10200:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10187:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10130:
10128:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10120:
10115:
10109:
10103:
10101:FloresâLembata
10097:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10018:
10016:
10015:Western Flores
10012:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
10003:
10002:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9951:
9949:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9934:
9928:
9926:
9917:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9898:
9892:
9890:
9882:
9881:
9869:
9868:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9852:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9804:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9787:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9714:
9712:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9704:
9699:
9693:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9657:
9655:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9624:
9622:
9613:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9598:Highland Konjo
9595:
9590:
9585:
9579:
9577:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9546:
9544:
9537:
9535:South Sulawesi
9531:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9487:
9485:
9479:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9425:
9419:
9410:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9355:
9349:
9347:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9305:
9303:
9301:SaluanâBanggai
9297:
9296:
9294:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9240:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9162:
9153:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9127:
9125:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9113:
9108:
9102:
9100:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9091:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9036:
9034:
9030:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8968:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8924:
8918:
8907:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8884:
8882:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8826:
8824:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8630:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8591:
8585:
8583:
8574:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8525:
8523:
8514:
8510:
8509:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8440:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8377:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8365:
8359:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8336:Bah-Biau Punan
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8277:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8174:
8172:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8153:
8151:Sesayap Tidong
8148:
8146:Nonukan Tidong
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8075:
8068:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7983:
7974:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7942:
7933:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7916:
7911:
7905:
7903:
7893:
7892:North Borneo *
7886:
7877:
7876:
7873:
7872:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7724:
7718:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7674:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7666:
7664:Umiray Dumaget
7661:
7656:
7650:
7644:
7643:Other branches
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7577:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7526:
7524:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7464:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7358:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7338:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7279:
7277:
7276:(unclassified)
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7238:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7084:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7015:
7002:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6982:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6945:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6860:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6781:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6728:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6646:
6644:Cagayan Valley
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6611:Northern Luzon
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6576:
6560:
6559:
6543:
6542:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6482:
6475:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6436:
6431:
6424:
6422:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6270:
6269:
6257:
6256:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6226:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5475:SarmiâJayapura
5471:
5470:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5388:Sign languages
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4289:
4288:External links
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4247:
4241:
4213:
4207:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4149:
4147:, p. 168.
4132:
4130:, p. 177.
4120:
4118:, p. 296.
4108:
4096:
4094:, p. 155.
4081:
4079:, p. 154.
4066:
4064:, p. 110.
4043:
4024:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3386:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3368:nominalisation
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3331:Word structure
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3289:â I don't know
3282:
3274:
3266:
3248:
3245:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3173:
3170:
3086:
3083:
3055:
3045:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3009:
2998:
2988:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2949:
2939:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2686:
2676:
2662:
2648:
2638:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2613:moori sa ta-na
2598:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2430:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2394:
2386:
2375:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2339:
2331:
2320:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2296:Problems with
2265:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2208:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2160:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2126:In Example 3,
2100:
2082:
2071:
2063:
2053:
2042:
2032:
2024:
2013:
2005:
1987:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1922:
1912:
1898:
1888:
1877:
1869:
1858:
1850:
1839:
1831:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1758:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1698:In Example 1,
1694:
1693:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1633:
1630:
1597:Regarding the
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Demonstratives
1586:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1531:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:human referent
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1265:â 'to wall in'
1258:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
995:
992:
972:
969:
964:
961:
958:
957:
950:
942:
941:
938:
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:
922:
906:
905:
903:
896:
894:
888:
887:
880:
878:
871:
865:
864:
857:
855:
848:
842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
781:
778:
744:The consonant
740:
739:
737:
730:
723:
717:
716:
714:
707:
705:
699:
698:
696:
689:
687:
681:
680:
678:
671:
669:
663:
662:
660:
653:
651:
646:
640:
639:
632:
625:
618:
612:
611:
604:
597:
590:
584:
583:
576:
569:
562:
557:
551:
550:
543:
536:
529:
523:
522:
517:
507:
502:
483:
480:
478:
475:
465:
462:
438:
435:
417:
414:
385:
382:
353:
350:
309:
308:
295:, you may see
281:
280:
273:
267:
266:
259:
251:
250:
243:
235:
234:
233:Language codes
230:
229:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
175:
173:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
136:Native to
133:
132:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14669:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14650:
14648:
14645:
14644:
14642:
14626:
14622:
14619:
14616:
14615:
14611:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14562:
14559:
14558:
14556:
14554:
14550:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14491:
14489:
14485:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14441:
14438:
14437:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14412:
14410:
14406:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14389:
14386:
14385:
14383:
14381:
14377:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14363:
14361:
14358:
14356:
14353:
14351:
14348:
14346:
14343:
14341:
14338:
14336:
14333:
14332:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14309:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14288:
14285:
14284:
14281:
14278:
14274:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14254:
14252:
14248:
14245:
14243:
14237:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14200:
14198:
14196:
14192:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14121:
14119:
14117:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14102:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14082:
14079:
14076:
14070:
14064:
14061:
14060:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14048:
14026:
14023:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13936:
13934:
13930:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13869:
13867:
13863:
13860:
13856:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13836:
13834:
13830:
13827:
13825:New Caledonia
13821:
13811:
13808:
13807:
13804:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13790:
13788:
13785:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13775:
13774:
13772:
13768:
13761:
13758:
13756:
13753:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13729:South Vanuatu
13726:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13655:Port Sandwich
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13623:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13523:
13519:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13484:
13482:
13480:
13476:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13445:
13442:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13407:
13401:
13398:
13390:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13318:
13315:
13314:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13293:
13291:
13289:
13285:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13259:
13257:
13253:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13218:
13216:
13210:
13204:
13201:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13183:
13180:
13178:
13175:
13173:
13170:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13119:
13117:
13115:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13089:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13060:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13029:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12824:
12822:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12809:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12726:
12724:
12721:
12719:
12718:Lesing-Gelimi
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12575:
12571:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12430:
12428:
12426:
12422:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12342:
12340:
12338:
12334:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12242:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12221:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12028:
12026:
12024:
12018:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11936:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11916:
11914:
11910:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11888:
11884:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11843:
11840:
11832:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11817:
11815:
11811:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11786:
11784:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11758:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11644:San Cristobal
11640:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11600:
11598:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11583:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11551:
11549:
11547:
11543:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11523:
11521:
11517:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11467:
11465:
11463:
11459:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11433:
11430:
11427:
11424:
11423:
11421:
11417:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11370:
11363:
11360:
11359:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11338:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11310:
11308:
11304:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11244:
11242:
11240:
11236:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11211:
11209:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11194:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11150:
11148:
11146:
11142:
11136:
11133:
11132:
11130:
11126:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11111:
11109:
11105:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11084:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11069:
11067:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11057:Halmahera Sea
11054:
11047:
11044:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11025:
11022:
11021:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11009:
11005:
11001:
10996:
10992:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10866:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10834:
10831:
10830:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10762:
10759:
10756:
10752:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10703:
10699:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10683:
10680:
10676:
10670:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10662:Kowiai ?
10660:
10649:
10646:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10623:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10564:
10560:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10506:
10502:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10465:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10431:
10429:
10425:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10399:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10368:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10335:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10266:
10262:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10218:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10195:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10159:South Lembata
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10131:
10129:
10125:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10110:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10098:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10013:
10001:
9998:
9997:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9903:
9897:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9874:
9870:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9824:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9776:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9711:Massenrempulu
9709:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9628:Budong-Budong
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9614:
9612:SekoâBadaic *
9610:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9593:Coastal Konjo
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9572:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9532:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9484:
9480:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9411:
9409:KailiâWolio *
9407:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9302:
9298:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9160:BungkuâTolaki
9157:
9154:
9152:
9148:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9118:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9069:
9068:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9031:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9013:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8965:
8961:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8911:
8908:
8904:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8876:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8862:Rejang ?
8860:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8836:
8835:Old Sundanese
8833:
8832:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8825:
8821:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8791:Sarawak Malay
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8761:Orang Seletar
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8617:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8575:
8571:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8534:Cham dialects
8532:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8270:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8169:North Sarawak
8166:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8057:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7981:Central Dusun
7979:
7978:
7977:Kadazandusun
7976:
7975:
7973:
7971:
7967:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7955:Brunei Bisaya
7953:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7927:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7878:
7869:
7864:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7706:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7680:Inagta Alabat
7678:
7677:
7675:
7673:ManideâAlabat
7671:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7351:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7137:
7136:Old Cebuano â
7133:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7045:Central Bikol
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6828:Central Luzon
6825:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6714:Southern Alta
6712:
6710:
6709:Northern Alta
6707:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6399:
6398:Papora-Hoanya
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:RoinjiâNenaya
6140:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:Lesing-Gelimi
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5415:Rossel Island
5413:
5411:
5410:Mount Avejaha
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5005:East Kutubuan
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:Somba-Siawari
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4274:0-85883-551-7
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3995:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3949:reduplication
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3382:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:reduplication
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:interjections
3247:Interjections
3244:
3241:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2665:
2660:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2624:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2318:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1717:
1716:morphological
1713:
1708:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1626:anaphorically
1622:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1448:Interrogative
1445:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1281:â 'to paddle'
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1179:
1177:
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106:February 2023
98:
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77:
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70:
67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
19:
14623:â indicates
14388:Niuatoputapu
13212:MaewoâAmbaeâ
13114:TorresâBanks
13062:NimoaâSudest
12787:
12574:NgeroâVitiaz
12534:Mangga Buang
12345:Arop-Sissano
11845:TungagâNalik
11834:New Irelandâ
11470:Mussau-Emira
11197:Cenderawasih
10934:Seit-Kaitetu
10221:KeiâTanimbar
9906:SumbaâFlores
9417:KailiâPamona
8766:Pahang Malay
8665:Bangka Malay
8573:IbanâMalayan
8459:BukarâSadong
8198:Wahau Kenyah
8036:Kinabatangan
7948:BisayaâLotud
7883:North Borneo
7065:Pandan Bikol
6657:Cagayan Agta
6628:Dicamay Agta
6210:
6179:
5872:NgeroâVitiaz
5817:Mangga Buang
5568:Arop-Sissano
4821:ChimbuâWahgi
4609:Other Papuan
4495:Mussau-Emira
4484:
4295:
4282:
4252:
4222:
4177:
4152:
4123:
4111:
4099:
4014:
4006:
3946:
3576:
3485:
3483:
3388:
3379:
3371:
3347:derivational
3329:
3250:
3240:conjunctions
3237:
3234:Conjunctions
3175:
3147:
3088:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3049:
3035:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3006:-come.to.you
3002:
2992:
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2690:
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2602:
2592:
2584:
2573:that chicken
2572:
2569:
2566:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2529:Noun phrases
2528:
2527:
2512:intransitive
2503:pa lele toro
2498:semantically
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2434:
2420:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
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2379:
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2347:
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2335:
2324:
2310:
2298:prepositions
2295:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2262:-deteriorate
2258:
2250:
2242:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2201:
2189:noun phrases
2187:that denote
2179:
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2171:
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2113:
2110:
2104:
2086:
2075:
2067:
2057:
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2028:
2017:
2009:
1991:
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1972:
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1835:
1821:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1762:
1748:
1740:
1712:modal adverb
1697:
1636:
1635:
1596:
1582:
1533:
1530:Prepositions
1521:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1493:
1476:
1457:
1410:
1372:
1335:
1321:
1246:
1218:
1201:in sentences
1192:
1183:
1170:prepositions
1159:
997:
974:
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909:
783:
743:
485:
467:
440:
419:
387:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
336:. Its basic
326:Sakar Island
322:Umboi Island
313:
312:
284:
271:Linguasphere
254:
211:
202:NgeroâVitiaz
177:Austronesian
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
14355:Ontong Java
14213:Pingelapese
14140:Mortlockese
14095:Marshallese
14074:Micronesian
14051:Micronesian
13787:North Tanna
13760:Utaha / Ifo
13414:North Efate
13334:Merei-Tiale
12539:Mapos Buang
11086:MayaâMatbat
10904:Sepa-Teluti
10581:North Babar
10533:Dela-Oenale
10255:Uruangnirin
9643:Seko Tengah
9638:Seko Padang
9583:Makassarese
9555:Campalagian
9291:Tukang Besi
9047:Lampung Api
9044:Lampung Nyo
8806:Urak Lawoiʌ
8786:Reman Malay
8776:Perak Malay
8756:Orang Kanaq
8711:Kutai Malay
8700:Kedah Malay
8690:Jambi Malay
8660:Berau Malay
8640:Minangkabau
8521:AcehâChamic
8346:Punan Merap
8041:Abai Sungai
7367:Maguindanao
7326:TaawÊŒt Bato
7199:Romblomanon
7050:Isarog Agta
7040:Albay Bikol
7011:Old Tagalog
7000:Kasiguranin
6847:(Remontado)
6845:Hatang Kayi
6840:Kapampangan
6205:âč The
5822:Mapos Buang
5177:OkâOksapmin
4982:DunaâPogaya
4972:Warwar Feni
4909:New Ireland
4720:Binanderean
4198:1885/145877
3589:Accusative
3586:Nominative
3556:3rd person
3537:2nd person
3507:1st person
3487:Inalienable
3459:3rd person
3439:2nd person
3405:1st person
3365:compounding
3137:Nakanamanga
2961:Ni ko i-su.
2480:They worked
2409:They worked
2354:They worked
2047:bad.hunter=
1523:Quantifiers
1518:Quantifiers
1362:inalienable
994:Orthography
949:'be heavy'
406:New Britain
404:and across
344:; it has a
299:instead of
14641:Categories
14539:West Uvean
14524:Rennellese
14323:Polynesian
14312:Polynesian
14160:Satawalese
14155:Puluwatese
14124:Carolinian
14085:Gilbertese
13823:Loyaltiesâ
13595:Maskelynes
13550:Big Nambas
13241:SunÌwadaga
12837:Bwanabwana
12812:Papuan Tip
12748:Arop-Lukep
12360:Ulau-Suain
12247:New Guinea
12046:Cheke Holo
12001:Sursurunga
11976:Lungalunga
11938:St. George
11774:Melanesian
11686:Marau Wawa
11384:Baluan-Pam
11287:Serui-Laut
11065:AmbelâBiga
10632:East Damar
10571:West Damar
10149:Lewo Eleng
9965:Anakalangu
9915:SumbaâHawu
9506:Ledo Kaili
9483:WotuâWolio
9261:Kaimbulawa
9238:MunaâButon
9193:Mori Bawah
9121:BaliâSasak
9088:Tenggerese
9078:Banyumasan
9002:Mandailing
8992:Simalungun
8906:Sumatran *
8851:Cirebonese
8736:Orang Laut
8633:Indonesian
8436:Land Dayak
8421:Krio Dayak
8316:Punan Batu
8193:Umaʌ Lasan
7815:SamaâBajaw
7685:Katabangan
7634:Tontemboan
7430:Matigsalug
7395:Ata Manobo
7214:Surigaonon
7149:Hiligaynon
7098:Bantayanon
7019:Batangueño
6943:Philippine
6894:Mariveleño
6810:Pangasinan
6568:Philippine
6309:Kanakanavu
6118:Arop-Lukep
5993:Pasismanua
5583:Ulau-Suain
5375:Torricelli
4967:Sursurunga
4525:Numanggang
4016:Ethnologue
3998:References
3529:inclusive
3510:exclusive
3442:nothing ~
3427:inclusive
3408:exclusive
3335:inflection
3326:Morphology
3199:(ta)kembei
3152:, such as
2788:unoriented
2744:homophones
2719:determiner
2508:transitive
2344:over.there
2251:over.there
2221:over.there
1506:adverbials
1499:Adverbials
1417:accusative
1413:nominative
1401:3 singular
1392:2 singular
1377:1 singular
1305:â 'a line'
1273:â 'paddle'
1199:predicates
1174:verbs and
913:Epenthesis
482:Consonants
402:Finschafen
338:word order
76:newspapers
14561:Niuafoʻou
14519:Pukapukan
14514:Mele-Fila
14478:Tuamotuan
14448:Marquesan
14430:Mangareva
14399:Tokelauan
14302:Lomaiviti
14218:Pohnpeian
14208:Ngatikese
14145:Namonuito
13737:Erromango
13665:Sörsörian
13590:Malua Bay
13575:Lendamboi
13565:Bwenelang
13464:Port Vato
13454:Lonwolwol
13449:Dalkalaen
13349:Shark Bay
13246:SunÌwadia
13012:Yakaikeke
12962:Gapapaiwa
12827:ÊŒAuhelawa
12758:Malasanga
12657:Mouk-Aria
12612:Awad Bing
12602:Malalamai
12479:Maralango
12454:Aribwaung
12448:Aribwatsa
12425:Huon Gulf
12277:Kayupulau
12056:Ghanongga
12041:Blablanga
12023:Solomonic
12021:Northwest
11991:Ramoaaina
11981:Niwer Mil
11955:Guramalum
11950:Fanamaket
11857:Laxudumau
11838:Solomonic
11836:Northwest
11813:Bali-Vitu
11782:Willaumez
11727:GulaÊŒalaa
11692:ToÊŒabaita
11688: ? â
11588:Solomonic
11586:Southeast
11510:Tanimbili
11350:Admiralty
11306:Southwest
11040:Warembori
10955:Nusa Laut
10859:Yalahatan
10505:RoteâMeto
10428:Kawaimina
10211:Seluwasan
10134:Lamaholot
10127:Lamaholot
10027:Manggarai
9785:Kalumpang
9769:Ulumandaʌ
9733:Malimpung
9353:Balaesang
9266:Kumbewaha
9198:Mori Atas
9168:Bahonsuai
9033:Lampungic
8846:Bantenese
8830:Sundanese
8823:Sundanese
8628:Malaysian
8610:Seberuang
8489:Semandang
8296:Daro-Matu
8141:Kalabakan
8116:Sembakung
8061:Murutic *
8031:Tombonuwo
7941:Dusunic *
7624:Tonsawang
7606:Minahasan
7591:Sangirese
7530:Agutaynen
7503:Ponosakan
7498:Mongondow
7488:Kaidipang
7483:Gorontalo
7440:Sarangani
7420:Kagayanen
7298:Palawanic
7242:Davawenyo
7189:Porohanon
7174:Masbateño
7164:Karolanos
7113:Caluyanon
7070:Rinconada
6988:Tagalogic
6874:Mag-antsi
6800:Kalanguya
6762:Kankanaey
6421:Kavalanic
6392:Favorlang
6355:Northwest
6128:Malasanga
5984:Mouk-Aria
5928:Awad Bing
5907:Malalamai
5749:Maralango
5724:Aribwaung
5719:Aribwatsa
5674:Huon Gulf
5493:Kayupulau
5205:Ninggerum
5124:Samberigi
4957:Ramoaaina
4947:Niwer Mil
4922:Fanamaket
4806:Onobasulu
4733:Binandere
4632:Angaataha
4611:languages
4545:Ramoaaina
4515:Niwer Mil
4395:Awad Bing
4378:languages
4362:Tok Pisin
4357:Hiri Motu
4128:Ross 2004
3663:ku ~ kiwi
3656:pu ~ piwi
3642:nu ~ niwi
3595:Locative
3592:Referent
3499:singular
3397:singular
3057:aĆ-su-ma.
2546:tatariigi
2523:syntactic
2044:napumon=i
1989:ti-kam=i.
980:diphthong
929:â 'long'
649:voiceless
644:Fricative
560:voiceless
488:consonant
477:Phonology
471:Tok Pisin
277:34-BFB-aa
256:Glottolog
240:ISO 639-3
14473:Tahitian
14468:Rapa Nui
14425:Hawaiian
14370:Tuvaluan
14360:Sikaiana
14345:Nukumanu
14292:Gone Dau
14203:Mokilese
14195:Pohnpeic
14185:Woleaian
14180:Ulithian
14165:Sonsorol
14129:Chuukese
14107:Pohnpeic
14105:Chuukicâ
14090:Kosraean
14019:Waamwang
13969:Hmwaveke
13932:Northern
13917:XĂąrĂągurĂš
13887:Ndrumbea
13865:Southern
13810:Aneityum
13635:Neverver
13605:Nasarian
13585:Malfaxal
13580:Litzlitz
13540:Aveteian
13522:Malakula
13404:Central
13394:Southern
13369:Tolomako
13364:Tasiriki
13092:Southern
13043:Kilivila
13022:Gumawana
12997:Minaveha
12972:Kaninuwa
12932:Sewa Bay
12902:Boselewa
12892:Maiadomu
12887:Koluwawa
12877:Iamalele
12867:Bwaidoka
12862:Wagawaga
12763:Mur Pano
12723:Mangseng
12683:Sengseng
12499:Silisili
12337:Schouten
12287:Masimasi
12258:Jayapura
12128:Papapana
12113:Mono-Alu
12081:Kazukuru
12031:Babatana
11986:Patpatar
11966:Konomala
11799:Meramera
11742:êAreêare
11717:KwaraÊŒae
11707:Fataleka
11697:Baelelea
11642:Malaitaâ
11519:Vanikoro
11318:Yerisiam
10939:Kamarian
10894:Wakasihu
10869:Piru Bay
10849:Manusela
10821:Nunusaku
10790:Masiwang
10780:Watubela
10723:Hukumina
10692:Teor-Kur
10606:Emplawas
10548:Uab Meto
10382:Tukudede
10323:Tarangan
10313:Manombai
10169:Lewotobi
10164:Lamalera
10144:Lamatuka
10072:Nagé-Kéo
10052:Wae Rana
9980:Baliledo
9970:Wanukaka
9850:Chamorro
9843:Isolates
9830:Lemolang
9807:Talondoʌ
9723:Enrekang
9685:Northern
9633:Panasuan
9575:Makassar
9550:Buginese
9364:Dampelas
9329:Bobongko
9314:Balantak
9271:Lasalimu
9246:Bonerate
9218:Tomadino
9208:Rahambuu
9188:Moronene
9183:Kulisusu
9131:Balinese
9123:âSumbawa
9106:Madurese
9099:Madurese
9067:Javanese
9060:Javanese
9051:Komering
8954:Simeulue
8939:Mentawai
8879:Moklenic
8670:Bengkulu
8594:Keninjal
8529:Acehnese
8499:Benyaduʌ
8484:Kembayan
8479:Jangkang
8469:Tringgus
8401:Hovongan
8219:Lundayeh
8111:Selungai
8106:Keningau
8046:Serudung
8023:Paitanic
7800:Ampanang
7790:Bakumpai
7770:Lawangan
7760:MaÊŒanyan
7755:Balangan
7728:Malagasy
7573:Sangiric
7522:Kalamian
7468:Bintauna
7445:Tagabawa
7410:Higaonon
7321:Palawano
7234:Mansakan
7194:Ratagnon
7154:Kabalian
7129:Boholano
7118:Capiznon
7108:Butuanon
6995:Filipino
6931:Tadyawan
6889:Mag-indi
6856:Sambalic
6785:Bugkalot
6732:Balangao
6575:) ?
6471:Siraiyac
6461:Sakizaya
6364:Saisiyat
6357:Formosan
6333:Atayalic
6324:Northern
6207:template
6133:Mur Pano
6071:Mangseng
6020:Sengseng
5769:Silisili
5553:Schouten
5503:Masimasi
5420:Sinasina
5210:Oksapmin
4952:Patpatar
4932:Konomala
4894:Tembagla
4889:Sinasina
4884:Salt-Yui
4748:Orokaiva
4662:Safeyoka
4535:Pele-Ata
4530:Nyindrou
4480:Mangseng
3345:and few
3337:of both
3107:, where
2957:-descend
2892:outwards
2760:suffixes
2664:mbotmbot
2620:SPEC.GIV
2084:ti-kam=i
2068:that.one
1791:pronouns
1741:this.one
1646:singular
1559:-kembei-
1509:and not
1421:locative
1407:3 plural
1398:2 plural
1369:Pronouns
1257:â 'wall'
976:Syllable
956:'reads'
616:prenasal
515:Alveolar
505:Bilabial
491:phonemes
416:Location
374:Mangaaba
366:Kaimanga
362:Kaimanga
305:Help:IPA
263:mbul1263
14563: ?
14529:Tikopia
14487:Futunic
14453:Penrhyn
14440:Moriori
14415:Austral
14408:Eastern
14350:Nukuoro
14340:Nuguria
14321:Nuclear
14262:Rotuman
14242:Pacific
14240:Central
14170:Tanapag
14150:PĂĄĂĄfang
14116:Chuukic
14072:Nuclear
14063:Nauruan
14004:PwaamĂši
13989:NyĂąlayu
13912:XĂąrĂącĂčĂč
13849:Nengone
13630:Neveʻei
13620:Navwien
13610:Nasvang
13600:Nahavaq
13570:Larëvat
13560:Burmbar
13555:Botovro
13492:Bierebo
13459:Paamese
13444:Daakaka
13424:Efatese
13406:Vanuatu
13396:Oceanic
13392:Nuclear
13354:Tamambo
13221:Baetora
13177:Mwotlap
13167:Mwerlap
13152:Lo-Toga
13147:Lemerig
13105:Vanuatu
13094:Oceanic
13038:Budibud
13002:Taupota
12992:Maiwala
12987:Haigwai
12967:Ghayavi
12942:Kakabai
12927:Mwatebu
12857:Unubahe
12842:OyaÊŒoya
12820:Nuclear
12672:Kaulong
12652:Lamogai
12637:Mindiri
12632:Matukar
12622:Gedaged
12617:Bilibil
12564:Numbami
12405:Medebur
12380:Kairiru
12370:Yakamul
12355:Sissano
12302:Kaptiau
12260: ?
12199:Vangunu
12173:Tinputz
12148:Roviana
12092:Kusaghe
12036:Bannoni
11804:Nakanai
11763:Oceanic
11761:Western
11628:Malango
11505:Asumboa
11419:Western
11410:Penchal
11372:Eastern
11364: ?
11341:Oceanic
11272:Munggui
11224:Meoswar
11048: ?
11042: ?
11035:Waropen
10960:Saparua
10914:Kaibobo
10909:Paulohi
10878:Asilulu
10871: ?
10801:Benggoi
10745:Taliabo
10740:Mangole
10729:Moksela
10708:Ambelau
10611:Imroing
10553:Amarasi
10538:Termanu
10528:Ringgou
10459: ?
10453: ?
10418:Atauran
10361:Idalaka
10338:Timoric
10278:Batuley
10273:Barakai
10240:Yamdena
10235:Fordata
10223: ?
10179:Ile Ape
10174:Adonara
10139:Alorese
10037:Rembong
9990:Lamboya
9960:Mamboru
9955:Kambera
9855:Palauan
9809: ?
9795:Pattaeʌ
9603:Selayar
9588:Bentong
9560:Embaloh
9501:Laiyolo
9464:Topoiyo
9434:Mbelala
9401: ?
9360: ?
9319:Banggai
9286:Pancana
9276:Liabuku
9256:Cia-Cia
9228:Wawonii
9178:Kodeoha
9151:Celebic
9141:Sumbawa
9111:Kangean
9040:Lampung
9021: ?
8977:Angkola
8930: ?
8928:Enggano
8881: ?
8721:Kerinci
8707: ?
8600:Mualang
8596: ?
8504:Sanggau
8444:Bakatiʌ
8373:Kayanic
8311:Bukitan
8306:Melanau
8291:Sekapan
8286:Lahanan
8281:Kajaman
8259:Bintulu
8234:Berawan
8214:Lengilu
8209:Kelabit
8205: ?
8101:Timugon
8088:Murutic
8074: ?
8059:Greater
7970:Dusunic
7939:Greater
7921: ?
7881:Greater
7823:Abaknon
7805:Tunjung
7619:Tondano
7614:Tombulu
7586:Ratahan
7563:Teduray
7473:Bolango
7425:Kamigin
7415:Ilianen
7400:Binukid
7372:Maranao
7336:Subanen
7267:Mansaka
7262:Mandaya
7257:Mamanwa
7247:Kalagan
7169:Magahat
7159:Karay-a
7144:Cuyonon
7123:Cebuano
7088:Akeanon
7080:Bisayan
7005:Tagalog
6970:Tawbuid
6965:Hanunoo
6921:Alangan
6884:Botolan
6879:Bolinao
6864:Abellen
6757:Kalinga
6667:Gaddang
6662:GaÊŒdang
6634:Ilocano
6591:Itbayat
6573:linkage
6485:Taivoan
6439:Luilang
6434:Kavalan
6209:below (
6010:Kaulong
5979:Lamogai
5972:Bibling
5953:Mindiri
5948:Matukar
5938:Gedaged
5933:Bilibil
5858:Numbami
5711:Markham
5650:Medebur
5614:Kairiru
5602:Kairiru
5593:Yakamul
5578:Sissano
5518:Kaptiau
5250:Teberan
5240:Yonggom
5225:Telefol
5220:Suganga
5215:Setaman
5167:Tairuma
5162:Toaripi
5157:Orokolo
5142:Kaki Ae
5119:Lembena
5089:Bisorio
5061:Odoodee
4844:Kandawo
4697:AwinâPa
4682:Yagwoia
4672:Susuami
4667:Simbari
4652:Kawacha
4520:Nobonob
4505:Nekgini
4475:Mandara
4415:Bugawac
4352:English
4169:Sources
3502:plural
3400:plural
3158:Selepet
3139:(where
3129:(where
2904:-pet-ma
2878:-le -ma
2866:inwards
2852:-su -ma
2826:-sa -ma
2750:Motion
2618:NON.REF
2616:female
2594:NON.REF
2549:chicken
2517:meleebe
2493:meleebe
2462:another
2396:meleebe
2256:i-saana
2116:NON.REF
1946:that.on
1908:NON.REF
1885:-ascend
1760:tizi-Ć.
1607:) from
1599:deictic
1511:adverbs
1176:adverbs
834:Central
685:Lateral
555:Plosive
445:naborou
396:in the
390:Oceanic
328:in the
301:Unicode
187:Oceanic
90:scholar
14572:Tongan
14567:Niuean
14553:Tongic
14394:Samoan
14380:Samoic
14287:Fijian
14175:Tobian
14025:Yuanga
14014:Vamale
14009:PwapwĂą
13964:Haveke
13949:CĂšmuhĂź
13939:Bwatoo
13749:Sorung
13705:Alovas
13650:Nitita
13645:Nisvai
13497:Bieria
13439:Makura
13434:Lelepa
13419:Nafsan
13374:Tutuba
13359:Tangoa
13329:MavÌea
13317:Nokuku
13226:Duidui
13192:VeraÊŒa
13172:Mwesen
13142:Lehali
13074:Sudest
13048:Misima
13007:Tawala
12937:Dawawa
12922:Molima
12917:Galeya
12897:Bunama
12872:Diodio
12847:Saliba
12832:Buhutu
12753:Karnai
12743:Mengen
12738:Mamusi
12728:Solong
12708:Bebeli
12698:Apalik
12693:Akolet
12688:Aiklep
12667:Karore
12582:Bariai
12544:Mumeng
12529:Kumalu
12509:Wampur
12504:Wampar
12464:Dangal
12459:Adzera
12433:Bukawa
12385:Terebu
12365:Tumleo
12317:Tobati
12312:Tarpia
12297:Podena
12272:Bonggo
12256:Sarmiâ
12227:Tomoip
12209:Zabana
12204:Varisi
12194:Vaghua
12188:Uruava
12183:Ughele
12153:Saposa
12133:Petats
12108:Marovo
12103:Lungga
12087:Kokota
12006:Tangga
11961:Kandas
11898:Madara
11877:Tungag
11737:DoriÊŒo
11702:Baeggu
11666:Fagani
11651:Longgu
11633:Talise
11603:Bugotu
11568:Nalögo
11536:Tanema
11531:Lovono
11493:Utupua
11485:Temotu
11443:Wuvulu
11438:Seimat
11395:Lenkau
11389:Hermit
11362:Yapese
11292:Kurudu
11277:Papuma
11262:Wamesa
11219:Dusner
11206:Biakic
11173:Patani
11119:Fiawat
11098:Matbat
11024:Tandia
10950:Amahai
10945:Haruku
10924:Tulehu
10889:Manipa
10854:Wemale
10844:Huaulu
10839:Nuaulu
10833:Kayeli
10718:Lisela
10669:Kowiai
10616:TelaÊŒa
10596:Serili
10591:Masela
10518:Dengka
10494:Makuva
10474:Romang
10451:Naueti
10446:Midiki
10441:Waimoa
10436:Kairui
10413:Galoli
10392:Bekais
10387:Mambai
10351:Helong
10318:Mariri
10308:Lorang
10206:Selaru
10198:Selaru
10184:Mingar
10154:Levuka
10118:Kedang
10082:Rongga
10077:Ngadha
10057:PaluÊŒe
10042:Rajong
10022:Komodo
9985:Wejewa
9975:Pondok
9790:Mamasa
9778:Toraja
9764:Pannei
9754:Bambam
9702:Mandar
9697:Mamuju
9653:Badaic
9496:Kamaru
9454:Sarudu
9444:Pamona
9399:Totoli
9394:Tomini
9379:Pendau
9334:Saluan
9213:Tolaki
9173:Bungku
8949:Sikule
8893:Moklen
8869:Rejang
8796:Temuan
8680:Duanoʌ
8655:Banjar
8650:Bamayo
8581:Ibanic
8559:Roglai
8464:Biatah
8406:Aoheng
8391:Modang
8331:Burusu
8254:Tutong
8239:Belait
8224:SaÊŒban
8131:Paluan
8126:Okolod
8121:Baukan
8072:Tatana
7993:Kuijau
7919:Molbog
7914:Bonggi
7909:IdaÊŒan
7745:Malang
7716:Barito
7691:Manide
7629:Tonsea
7596:Talaud
7581:Bantik
7508:Suwawa
7390:Agusan
7382:Manobo
7362:Iranun
7252:Kamayo
7219:Tausug
7103:Baybay
6899:Sambal
6869:Ambala
6790:Ibaloi
6767:Tuwali
6747:Isinai
6742:Ifugao
6737:Bontoc
6682:Itawis
6672:Ibanag
6596:Ivatan
6511:Paiwan
6506:Puyuma
6479:Siraya
6386:Babuza
6346:Seediq
6341:Atayal
6314:Saaroa
6296:Tsouic
6278:Rukaic
6163:Others
6123:Karnai
6102:Mengen
6097:Mamusi
6085:Mengen
6076:Solong
6056:Bebeli
6046:Apalik
6041:Akolet
6036:Aiklep
6005:Karore
5887:Bariai
5851:Others
5827:Mumeng
5812:Kumalu
5779:Wampur
5774:Wampar
5734:Dangal
5729:Adzera
5691:Bukawa
5619:Terebu
5588:Tumleo
5533:Tobati
5528:Tarpia
5513:Podena
5488:Bonggo
5400:Kailge
5355:Madang
5286:Baramu
5263:Folopa
5258:Dadibi
5200:Ngalum
5190:Faiwol
5134:Eleman
5046:Gobasi
5018:Fiwaga
4995:Pogaya
4937:Kuanua
4927:Kandas
4879:Nomane
4859:Maring
4849:Kaugel
4829:Chuave
4796:Kaluli
4781:Aimele
4773:Bosavi
4758:Yekora
4743:Korafe
4728:Baruga
4677:Tainae
4647:Kamasa
4642:Hamtai
4637:Ankave
4585:Uneapa
4575:Tangga
4555:Solong
4550:Seimat
4540:Petats
4510:Ngaing
4450:Kuanua
4430:Iatmul
4390:Amanab
4385:Adzera
4271:
4239:
4205:
3988:, and
3760:niomru
3740:niamru
3183:kokena
3142:wa-ina
3127:Dobuan
3089:Other
3014:Monday
3011:Mande.
2911:-pe-ra
2885:-le-la
2859:-su-la
2833:-sa-la
2670:+stay+
2585:female
2443:uraata
2432:ti-kam
2388:uraata
2377:ti-kam
2333:uraata
2322:ti-kam
2218:taĆga.
2210:uraata
2199:Ti-kam
2148:i-kaam
1973:hunter
1825:+walk+
1727:taiĆgi
1650:plural
1611:(PMP;
1404:3 dual
1395:2 dual
1278:-peeze
921:short
780:Vowels
667:voiced
588:voiced
510:Dental
451:yaamba
370:Mangap
358:Mangap
207:Vitiaz
146:Region
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
14494:Anuta
14435:MÄori
14365:Takuu
14297:Lauan
14134:Mapia
13994:PaicĂź
13979:Kumak
13959:Haeke
13902:Orowe
13897:NumÚÚ
13839:Drehu
13770:Tanna
13710:Najit
13700:Rutan
13695:Vivti
13675:Tirax
13660:Rerep
13640:Ninde
13545:Axamb
13535:Avava
13530:Aulua
13502:Lamen
13344:Sakao
13339:Mores
13307:Araki
13203:Vurës
13197:Volow
13187:Olrat
13157:Löyöp
13137:Lakon
13122:Dorig
13103:North
13069:Nimoa
13053:Muyuw
13017:Anuki
12982:Gweda
12882:Iduna
12788:Mbula
12783:Maleu
12778:Amara
12773:Ronji
12662:Aigon
12642:Takia
12627:Marik
12587:Gitua
12559:Yamap
12554:Vehes
12524:Kapin
12489:Musom
12469:Duwet
12443:Yabem
12415:Wogeo
12400:Manam
12375:Kaiep
12327:Yamna
12322:Wakde
12307:Sobei
12245:North
12214:Zazao
12178:Torau
12163:Solos
12158:Simbo
12143:Ririo
12123:Nehan
12118:Nduke
12097:Laghu
12076:Hoava
12071:Halia
12061:Hahon
12011:Tolai
11971:Label
11945:Bilur
11929:Madak
11919:Barok
11912:Madak
11903:Notsi
11893:Lihir
11886:Tabar
11872:Tigak
11867:Tiang
11862:Nalik
11772:Mesoâ
11747:Oroha
11732:Kwaio
11676:Kahua
11671:Bauro
11661:Arosi
11623:Ghari
11618:Birao
11613:Lengo
11571:Noipx
11554:Ăiwoo
11526:Teanu
11475:Tenis
11405:Nauna
11379:Manus
11257:Marau
11252:Ansus
11247:Ambai
11239:Yapen
11178:Sawai
11114:Maden
11107:Maden
11093:MaÊŒya
11072:Ambel
11012:SHWNG
10899:Boano
10811:Liana
10806:Salas
10785:Bobot
10775:Geser
10765:Banda
10648:Serua
10563:Babar
10513:Bilba
10489:Luang
10479:Kisar
10457:Habun
10408:Wetar
10377:Kemak
10356:Tetum
10288:Karey
10283:Dobel
10250:Sekar
10047:Kepoʌ
10032:Riung
10000:Gaura
9947:Sumba
9759:Dakka
9728:Maiwa
9666:Behoa
9565:Taman
9543:Bugis
9512:Wolio
9491:Kalao
9459:Sedoa
9449:Rampi
9429:Kaili
9389:Tajio
9374:Lauje
9369:Dondo
9358:Boano
9324:Batui
9309:Andio
9251:Busoa
9203:Padoe
9136:Sasak
9083:Osing
9019:Nasal
8982:Dairi
8964:Batak
8888:Moken
8841:Baduy
8771:Pekal
8695:Jakun
8623:Malay
8605:Remun
8549:Jarai
8544:Haroi
8494:Ribun
8474:Jagoi
8454:Laraʌ
8426:Murik
8416:Punan
8396:Segai
8386:Bahau
8381:Kayan
8362:Lelak
8351:Bukat
8341:Sajau
8249:Narom
8244:Kiput
8229:Tring
8203:Penan
8188:Tutoh
8183:Sebob
8136:Ganaʌ
8096:Tagol
8078:Papar
7960:Lotud
7868:Basap
7853:Yakan
7833:Mapun
7828:Bajaw
7795:Ngaju
7785:Siang
7780:Dohoi
7775:Kohin
7740:Deyah
7733:Bushi
7659:Klata
7558:Tboli
7553:Blaan
7545:Bilic
7493:Lolak
7354:Danao
7311:Batak
7224:Waray
7209:Sulod
7184:Onhan
7032:Bikol
6960:Buhid
6926:Iraya
6805:Karao
6795:Iwaak
6752:Itneg
6687:Yogad
6677:Isnag
6516:Bunun
6428:Basay
6375:Kulon
6369:Pazeh
6286:Rukai
6180:Mbula
6175:Maleu
6170:Amara
6154:Ronji
6111:Korap
6029:Arawe
6000:Aigon
5958:Takia
5943:Marik
5892:Gitua
5880:Ngero
5842:Yamap
5837:Vehes
5807:Kapin
5759:Musom
5739:Duwet
5701:Yabem
5660:Wogeo
5645:Manam
5628:Manam
5609:Kaiep
5543:Yamna
5538:Wakde
5523:Sobei
5425:Wanib
5405:Mehek
5365:Sepik
5324:Omati
5319:Ikobi
5296:Tirio
5291:Bitur
5273:Tirio
5230:Tifal
5185:Bimin
5147:Keoru
5114:Kyaka
5104:Ipili
5084:Angal
5076:Engan
5051:Konai
5041:Fembe
4942:Label
4917:Bilur
4899:Wahgi
4869:Narak
4864:Melpa
4854:Kuman
4839:Golin
4811:Sonia
4801:Kasua
4791:Edolo
4786:Beami
4753:Suena
4738:Ewage
4687:Yipma
4657:Menya
4627:Akoye
4619:Angan
4600:Waris
4570:Sulka
4490:Mende
4485:Mbula
4470:Lihir
4465:Kurti
4455:Kuman
4445:Kovai
4440:Kobon
4420:Dedua
4405:Bimin
4400:Barok
4300:(PDF)
4257:(PDF)
4011:Mbula
3934:kizin
3927:pizin
3716:ituru
3343:verbs
3339:nouns
3310:yo(o)
3210:ta(u)
3166:Amara
3132:n-ina
3079:bound
3000:aĆ-ma
2951:i-su.
2752:verbs
2714:ta-na
2688:ta-na
2600:ta-na
2582:moori
2554:ta-na
2487:taĆga
2470:place
2399:below
2341:taĆga
2289:taĆga
2248:taĆga
2243:house
2240:Ruumu
2090:-get=
2079:-able
2073:i-rao
2015:so=be
1995:-get=
1981:then-
1978:to-na
1970:mboĆ,
1951:so=be
1930:+look
1900:ta-sa
1879:ti-se
1860:so=be
1721:tiĆgi
1613:*
1454:Verbs
1318:Nouns
1270:peeze
1262:-didi
1166:verbs
924:long
846:Close
829:Front
813:, or
766:/ptk/
754:]
750:[
721:Glide
703:Trill
527:Nasal
520:Velar
378:Mbula
314:Mbula
212:Mbula
131:Mbula
97:JSTOR
83:books
14499:Emae
14463:Rapa
14276:East
14250:West
13999:Pije
13984:Nemi
13974:Jawe
13954:FwĂąi
13944:Caac
13922:Zire
13907:TĂźrĂź
13892:Neku
13882:Arhö
13877:ArhĂą
13872:Ajië
13844:Iaai
13715:Njav
13680:Unua
13670:Tape
13625:Nese
13615:NÄti
13512:Maii
13507:Lewo
13487:Baki
13429:Eton
13379:Wusi
13324:Kiai
13301:Aore
13296:Akei
13277:Sowa
13262:Apma
13236:Raga
13182:Nume
13162:Mota
13132:Koro
12977:Ubir
12957:Doga
12912:Duau
12907:Dobu
12852:Suau
12798:Tami
12768:Mato
12733:Lote
12713:Gimi
12703:Avau
12607:Mutu
12597:Lusi
12592:Kove
12519:Iwal
12514:Hote
12494:Nafi
12484:Mari
12474:Labu
12438:Kela
12410:Sepa
12390:Biem
12350:Sera
12292:Ormu
12282:Liki
12267:Anus
12168:Teop
12138:Piva
12066:Hakö
11996:Siar
11852:Kara
11825:Vitu
11820:Bali
11794:Bulu
11789:Bola
11722:Wala
11656:SaÊŒa
11608:Gela
11500:Amba
11323:Umar
11313:Yaur
11297:Wabo
11267:Wooi
11229:Roon
11214:Biak
11183:Gebe
11168:Maba
11163:Buli
11158:Taba
11153:Gane
11077:Biga
11046:Yoke
10965:Latu
10929:Laha
10919:Hitu
10883:Luhu
10795:Hoti
10770:Bati
10754:East
10735:Sula
10713:Buru
10701:West
10642:Nila
10637:Teun
10523:Lole
10484:Leti
10328:Ujir
10303:Lola
10298:Kola
10293:Koba
10245:Onin
10113:Sika
10087:SoÊŒa
10062:Ende
9995:Kodi
9937:Dhao
9932:Hawu
9924:Savu
9896:Bima
9889:Bima
9802:Lawa
9718:Duri
9671:Napu
9661:Bada
9620:Seko
9517:Wotu
9439:Moma
9384:Taje
9281:Muna
9223:Waru
8997:Toba
8987:Karo
8972:Alas
8944:Nias
8934:Gayo
8746:Musi
8741:Lubu
8731:Kubu
8716:Kaur
8685:Haji
8589:Iban
8564:Tsat
8554:Rade
8539:Chru
8449:Sara
8411:Aput
8356:Seru
8326:Ukit
8321:Sian
7843:Sama
7765:Paku
7750:Witu
7478:Buol
6652:Atta
6623:Arta
6601:Yami
6456:Amis
6413:East
6381:Thao
6304:Tsou
6190:Tami
6149:Mato
6092:Lote
6061:Gimi
6051:Avau
5912:Mutu
5902:Lusi
5897:Kove
5802:Iwal
5797:Hote
5764:Nafi
5754:Mari
5744:Labu
5696:Kela
5655:Sepa
5635:Biem
5573:Sera
5561:Siau
5508:Ormu
5498:Liki
5483:Anus
5395:Enga
5329:Rumu
5301:Were
5281:Abom
5235:Urap
5195:Mian
5152:Opao
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