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638:, also known as seed ferns, an extinct group of plants that grew both as trees and smaller shrubs, with features like pinnated leaves similar to true ferns, but reproduced by seeds instead of spores; they had common foliage names
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of animal and plant materials, as well as many soft-bodied organisms that do not normally fossilize. The quality, quantity and diversity of fossils in the area, known since the mid-nineteenth century, make the Mazon Creek
1960:
1896:
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1270:
Stephen A. Schellenberg (2002). "Mazon Creek: preservation in late
Paleozoic deltaic and marginal marine environments". In Walter Etter; James W. Hagadorn; Carol M. Tang; David J. Bottjer (eds.).
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The site's importance was realized in the mid-nineteenth century: "the nodules of Mazon Creek, where fragments of plants, even of the softest texture, have been preserved in their integrity".
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Schultze, H.-P.; Bardack, D. (1987). "Diversity and size changes in palaeonisciform fishes (Actinopterygii, Pisces) from the
Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek fauna, Illinois, U.S.A.".
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name separate plant structures with different names by convention, inflating the number of fossil plant taxa. Paleobotanists are currently determining which taxa are valid.
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company operated several large strip mines in Grundy County that are now abandoned. They were named Pit 1 through Pit 11. The northern pits 1-8 are known for the
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sea anemone. It consists of 42% of all fossil finds in the Essex biota. The Essex area also includes the most famous faunal member of the
Illinois state fossil
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McCoy VE, Asael D, Planavsky N. Benthic iron cycling in a high-oxygen environment: Implications for interpreting the
Archean sedimentary iron isotope record.
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are usually found within the thickest deposits of the
Francis Creek Shale. The concretions occur in localized deposits within the silty to sandy
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1230:"Is the Carboniferous †Adiphlebia lacoana really the "oldest beetle"? Critical reassessment and description of a new Permian beetle family"
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The Mazon Creek flora comprises over 400 species from at least 130 genera. However, the true number of species is difficult to determine.
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with mostly terrestrial fauna and flora. Pit 11, which was located southwest of the town of
Braidwood, Illinois, is known for its
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of the sediments formed protective nodules of ironstone around the now fossilized remains. This mode of preservation is known as
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The Mazon Creek fauna has over 320 species of animals that have been identified. The fauna is divided into two components: the
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P. A. Allison (1987). "A new cephalopod with soft parts from the Upper
Carboniferous Francis Creek Shale of Illinois, USA".
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Most concretions are found among the shale and sandstone that was piled up in either a
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in the sediments surrounding the remains, forming detailed casts of their structure.
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University and college buildings listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
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Conservation lagerstätte in
Illinois on the National Register of Historic Places
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Exceptional Fossil
Preservation: A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life
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flowing from the northeast. The sediments are believed to derive from the
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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The fossiliferous concretions are found in the Mazon River area of
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period. These concretions frequently preserve both hard and soft
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National Register of Historic Places in Grundy County, Illinois
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National Historic Landmark Nomination: Mazon Creek Fossil Beds
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The remains of plants and animals were rapidly buried by the
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The Mazon Creek fossils are found in the Upper Carboniferous
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Natural features on the National Register of Historic Places
556:, related to modern club moss, with arborescent forms named
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Kukalová-Peck, Jarmila; Beutel, Rolf G. (January 1, 2013).
778:
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1108:(second ed.). Manson Publishing Ltd. pp. 94–96.
534:. Fossil collecting is allowed at the park with a permit.
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with a greater abundance of marine species. Pit 11 is now
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Oliver Bethoux (2009). "The earliest beetle identified".
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A Comprehensive Guide to the Fossil Flora of Mazon Creek
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Adiphlebia has been described from the Braidwood fauna.
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specimen of the species. Its size and lack of developed
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University of Bristol.uk: Mazon Creek flora and fauna
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Fossil News.com: General diagram of Mazon Creek Delta
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Richardson's Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek
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skeletal structures indicate that this is a juvenile.
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of an older underground mine, or ridges of the later
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climate, a result of the area being within 10° north
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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1589:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1447:Flickr.com: Mazon Creek Lagerstätte photo gallery
1407:Illinois State Museum: Mazon Creek Fossil Exhibit
467:animal known only from the Mazon Creek deposits.
19:"Mazon Creek" redirects here. For the river, see
2054:Paleozoic paleontological sites of North America
2035:
1293:Charles W. Shabica; Andrew A. Hay, eds. (1997).
1026:Illinois State Museum-Mazon Creek Fossil Exhibit
1981:National Register of Historic Places portal
1442:species discussed, with photographs of fossils.
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1424:Northeastern Illinois University: fossil fauna
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430:that combined with dissolved iron from the
422:deposited in the deltaic system. Bacterial
2094:Protected areas of Grundy County, Illinois
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1387:"The Vanishing Mother Lode of Mazon Creek"
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1001:National Historic Landmark summary listing
487:counties. Additional fossils are found in
328:of the sites. The locality was declared a
1529:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1419:UC Berkeley: Mazon Creek fossil beds info
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141:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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1050:Accompanying photos, from 1912 and 1991.
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711:, Mazon Creek Lagerstatte. This is the
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391:system, deposited by at least one major
2079:National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
1030:
1003:. National Park Service. Archived from
781:. The most common species found is the
600:relative, with common foliage names of
2036:
970:"National Register Information System"
528:Braidwood State Fish and Wildlife Area
1501:
1090:
1037:Joanne Klussendorf (March 30, 1995),
986:
352:(or Mazon Creek), a tributary of the
2059:Geography of Grundy County, Illinois
975:National Register of Historic Places
2044:Carboniferous paleontological sites
962:
13:
1944:National Historic Preservation Act
1263:
1166:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1100:Selden, Paul; Nudds, John (2012).
1084:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1987.tb02028.x
871:), freshwater shrimps, freshwater
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958:https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12247
1986:
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1299:Northeastern Illinois University
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285:. The fossils are preserved in
150:U.S. National Historic Landmark
1897:Federated States of Micronesia
1543:Architectural style categories
1178:10.1080/02724634.1987.10011635
1144:
1122:
1106:Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems
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612:, and a vine-like form called
574:, and herbaceous forms called
324:attempting to reconstruct the
229:
1:
1152:Geological Survey of Illinois
940:
819:The Braidwood fauna includes
207:Show map of the United States
1433:with photographs of fossils.
1341:The Mazon Creek Fossil Fauna
1318:The Mazon Creek Fossil Flora
552:Mazon Creek flora includes:
122:United States historic place
7:
2069:Natural history of Illinois
886:
463:, an enigmatic soft bodied
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10:
2115:
1949:Historic Preservation Fund
1928:American Legation, Morocco
1385:Mike Sula (July 1, 2004).
523:
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379:period. The fossiliferous
368:were formed approximately
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330:National Historic Landmark
18:
1969:
1936:
1915:
1890:Lists by associated state
1889:
1848:
1581:
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1276:Columbia University Press
997:"Mazon Creek Fossil Beds"
745:The Essex fauna includes
444:authigenic mineralisation
364:. The 25 to 30 meters of
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228:NRHP reference
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2074:Paleontology in Illinois
1871:Northern Mariana Islands
690:
540:
489:LaSalle County, Illinois
426:of the remains produced
399:events. The delta had a
1194:Journal of Paleontology
1046:, National Park Service
460:Tullimonstrum gregarium
373: million years ago
362:Grundy County, Illinois
297: million years ago
292:, formed approximately
283:Grundy County, Illinois
265:Mazon Creek fossil beds
133:Mazon Creek Fossil Beds
31:Mazon Creek fossil beds
2064:Carboniferous Illinois
1866:Minor Outlying Islands
1849:Lists by insular areas
1563:Keeper of the Register
720:
468:
434:. This process formed
315:
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1568:National Park Service
1548:Contributing property
1246:10.14411/eje.2012.075
980:National Park Service
698:
457:
2099:1997 in paleontology
1923:District of Columbia
1362:Jack Wittry (2020).
1339:Jack Wittry (2012).
1316:Jack Wittry (2006).
1278:. pp. 185–203.
901:Palaeontology portal
497:Marseilles, Illinois
182:Show map of Illinois
2016: /
982:. January 23, 2007.
956:. 2017;15:619–627.
865:, freshwater fish (
532:Illinois state park
397:Appalachian orogeny
342:Francis Creek Shale
267:are a conservation
254:Designated NHL
37:Stratigraphic range
1412:2005-06-01 at the
1007:on January 3, 2008
721:
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257:September 25, 1997
249:September 25, 1997
2020:41.321°N 88.346°W
1999:
1998:
1553:Historic district
1377:978-0-578-22890-7
1331:978-1-932433-71-5
1308:978-0-925065-21-6
1285:978-0-231-10254-4
1115:978-1-84076-623-3
802:and the possible
730:and the land and
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241:Significant dates
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879:. The possible
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840:Mazoscolopendra
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217:Nearest city
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2023: /
1916:Other areas
1876:Puerto Rico
1710:Mississippi
1625:Connecticut
1172:(1): 1–23.
1011:October 11,
775:cephalopods
741:Essex biota
728:Essex fauna
659:Neuropteris
641:Mariopteris
588:sphenopsids
583:Cormophyton
577:Lycopodites
524:Essex Biota
432:groundwater
411:during the
389:river delta
381:concretions
350:Mazon River
316:lagerstätte
299:in the mid-
290:concretions
277:found near
272:lagerstätte
21:Mazon River
2038:Categories
2011:88°20′46″W
2008:41°19′16″N
1825:Washington
1745:New Mexico
1740:New Jersey
1615:California
1150:A.H.W. in
954:Geobiology
941:References
863:amphibians
829:centipedes
825:millipedes
799:Belotelson
795:crustacean
732:freshwater
676:gymnosperm
674:; extinct
621:Pecopteris
565:Sigillaria
485:Livingston
465:bilaterian
1835:Wisconsin
1800:Tennessee
1705:Minnesota
1680:Louisiana
1254:1210-5759
877:ostracods
859:arachnids
851:scorpions
808:Etacystis
784:Essexella
747:jellyfish
701:Bandringa
680:Cordaites
603:Annularia
598:horsetail
593:Calamites
554:lycopsids
508:spoil tip
501:coal mine
385:mudstones
332:in 1997.
287:ironstone
1991:Category
1820:Virginia
1770:Oklahoma
1750:New York
1725:Nebraska
1715:Missouri
1700:Michigan
1690:Maryland
1675:Kentucky
1655:Illinois
1630:Delaware
1620:Colorado
1610:Arkansas
1492:Illinois
1410:Archived
1215:85796546
934:Mazonova
887:See also
857:, other
834:Latzelia
713:holotype
685:conifers
626:Acitheca
481:Kankakee
450:Location
436:siderite
420:sediment
405:latitude
401:tropical
235:97001272
1937:Related
1840:Wyoming
1815:Vermont
1720:Montana
1660:Indiana
1640:Georgia
1635:Florida
1605:Arizona
1595:Alabama
1454:Portals
1071:Lethaia
855:spiders
821:insects
503:areas.
409:equator
407:of the
348:is the
336:Geology
309:tissues
111:↓
1775:Oregon
1730:Nevada
1670:Kansas
1645:Hawaii
1600:Alaska
1536:Topics
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881:beetle
763:shrimp
755:snails
749:, sea
725:marine
706:fossil
514:. The
483:, and
473:Grundy
358:Morris
344:. The
279:Morris
1907:Palau
1805:Texas
1685:Maine
1650:Idaho
1211:S2CID
1130:"DNR"
1044:(pdf)
759:clams
751:worms
709:shark
691:Fauna
590:like
541:Flora
530:, an
366:shale
356:near
281:, in
1861:Guam
1810:Utah
1765:Ohio
1665:Iowa
1372:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1250:ISSN
1110:ISBN
1013:2007
875:and
779:fish
777:and
703:rayi
668:and
628:and
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580:and
568:and
495:and
477:Will
263:The
50:Preęž’
1242:doi
1238:109
1234:EJE
1203:doi
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371:309
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230:No.
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