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Matthew 5

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617:. However, the use of the second person here may simply be a reflection of the four beatitudes found in Luke 6:20-23 that are all in the second person. In contrast to Matthew's beatitudes with their characteristic spiritual expressions (e.g., "poor in spirit", "hunger and thirst for righteousness", and "persecuted for righteousness sake") and the multiple references to his own term, the "kingdom of heaven", Luke reflects social and economic realities with simple mentions of "you who are poor", "you who are hungry now", and "when people hate you". This understanding is clearly evident in Luke's four parallel "woes", which he inserted after the beatitudes in verses 24-26. Furthermore, Luke uses the common expression "kingdom of God", the only term for the kingdom used in Mark and Luke. All this suggests that the number and versions of the beatitudes found in Luke 6 are closer to the sayings of Jesus than those in Matthew, as well known and beloved as they may be. 1051:. If so, that may explain why Matthew could use Jewish rhetoric and themes without explanation. Harrington says that is not the case for 21st-century Americans and others who read the Gospel today. In the six antitheses Jesus either extends through the Commandment's scope by going to the root of the abuse (avoiding anger and lust to prevent murder and adultery) or going beyond a biblical commandment as in the case of divorce and oaths. Harrington writes that Matthew presents the six antitheses as examples of the principle that Jesus came not to abolish but to fulfill the Law and the Prophets. 573: 1002: 558: 45: 1056:
accomplished. Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.
1205:". Here Jesus urges that love include even enemies instead of restricting love only to those who either can benefit us or who already love us. This section concludes with the call to be perfect, "as your heavenly Father is perfect", i.e. be like God, who "causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and send rain on the righteous and the unrighteous" - on his friends and his enemies. (verse 45). 1182:
You have heard that it was said, "Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth." But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If someone forces you to go
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You have heard that it was said, "Do not commit adultery." But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for
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You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, "Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment." But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, "Raca", is answerable to the Sanhedrin. But anyone
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x. 11, shows, the expression "Ye have heard..." is an inexact translation of the rabbinical formula (Χ©Χ•ΧžΧ’ אני), which is only a formal logical interrogation introducing the opposite view as the only correct one: "Ye might deduce from this verse that thou shalt love thy neighbor and hate thine enemy,
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You have heard that it was said, "Love your neighbor and hate your enemy." But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.
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Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, "Do not break your oath, but keep the oaths you have made to the Lord." But I tell you, Do not swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God's throne; or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the
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suggests that the Beatitudes can be divided into two quartets. The first group of four beatitudes describes the ideal righteous behaviour of Jesus' disciples. The second group of four focuses on the persecution that these disciples will likely encounter because of their righteous behaviour.
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Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is
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Jesus' six antitheses are on six topics. In each of them, Jesus opens the statement with words to the effect: "You have heard it said... but I say to you...". These antitheses appear only in Matthew. At the outset, Jesus made it clear that he greatly respects Old Testament Law in the
514:'s analysis of the Sermon on the Mount, chapter five outlines "the sum of all true religion", allowing chapter 6 to detail "rules for that right intention which we are to preserve in all our outward actions, unmixed with worldly desires or anxious cares for even the 1210:
If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
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It has been said, "Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce." But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, causes her to become an adulteress, and anyone who marries the divorced woman commits
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and continues until today. Many modern scholars now consider these four verses to be a prelude to the Antitheses, but this position is not universally accepted, and many continue to interpret Matthew 5:17–20 independent of its textual neighbors.
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The fifth antithesis on non-retaliation (verses 38–39a) also urges the followers of Jesus to not seek revenge through violence. The examples not only prohibit violence, but also require that brutality and force be met with goodness.
549:). Harvey King McArthur considers the parallels in Luke to be very loose, much further away than most areas they overlap. McArthur thus theorizes that there must have been an extra step between the sources Matthew and Luke used. 1097:
The second antithesis (verses 27–28) attacks lust as the root of adultery. The sayings about the right eye and the right-hand as causes of scandal (29–30) are further instances of going to the sources of sin.
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your whole body to be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.
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Great King. And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black. Simply let your "Yes" be "Yes", and your "No", "No"; anything beyond this comes from the evil one.
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The first antithesis (verses 21–22) attacks anger as the root of murder. The two loosely connected illustrations (23–24, 25–26) point out the value of reconciling with one's enemy.
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The reason for this argument is a disagreement about the proper interpretation of the word "fulfillment" (πληρῢσαι; plerosai). This goes back at least as far as
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Gundry disputes this title: "The sayings are traditionally called 'the Antitheses'. But this designation seems to imply that after stoutly affirming the Law in
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In both texts, the unique exception centers on the word πορνΡία, an expression used for β€œvarious kinds of β€˜unsanctioned sexual intercourse’”.
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one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.
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The sermon then moves to a highly structured discussion ("Ye have heard... But I say unto you") of the "Law and Prophets" or
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This pericope is at the core of the argument about the relationship between the views attributed to Jesus, such as
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The third antithesis (verses 31–32) not only contains Jesus' rejection of the legal process of divorce stated in
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The fourth antithesis (verses 33–37) about oaths says to avoid oaths entirely so as never to swear falsely.
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but uniquely includes his only justification for divorce, i.e. "sexual unfaithfulness" (cf. Matthew 19:8).
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was developed that the chapter only applied to a select group, and not to the general populace. Reformer
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believes that the community for which Matthew wrote primarily but not exclusively were
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but I say to you the only correct interpretation is, Love all men, even thine enemies."
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The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel.
1799: 1650: 1202: 1048: 1022: 794: 590: 572: 537:(Luke 6), as well as to other materials (e.g., Luke 8, 12, 14, 16). According to the 457: 268: 101: 62: 1001: 3596: 3569: 3419: 2981: 2976: 2930: 2900: 2885: 2843: 2808: 1995: 1939: 1679: 1005: 851: 807: 787: 693: β€“ Jesus states that he has not come to "abolish the law" but to "fulfill" it. 602: 576: 522: 356: 331: 296: 3273: 3006: 2956: 2915: 1841:
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
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feels that it should be read as "worthy of congratulation". Lapide supports the
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translated from the German by Arlene Swidler. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1986.
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The English word used to show the positive nature of the Beatitudes is
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The Sermon on the Mount: A History of Interpretation and Bibliography.
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is separate from the first eight, as demonstrated by its shift to the
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Some manuscripts say "brother or sister without cause"─NIV notes.
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The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary
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Sermon 21, Upon Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount: Discourse One
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The final antithesis (verses 43–48) expands the concept of "
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who says, "You fool!" will be in danger of the fire of hell.
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often means "blessed by God", a meaning not implied by the
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The structure of Matthew 5 can be broken down as follows:
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Matthew a Commentary on his Literary and Theological Art.
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translation entitles it "The Law and the Prophets", the
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The Sermon on the Mount, Utopia or Program for Action?
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and others, entitles it the "Teaching about the Law".
684: 1563:Aland, Barbara and Kurt; et al., eds. (2012). 438: β€“ Do not divorce except for sexual misconduct 1731:on 7 March 1961, London: The Athlone Press, 1961. 1727:. The Ethel M. Wood Lecture delivered before the 593:), the chapter contains the section known as the 3705: 1965:A Structural Analysis of the Sermon on the Mount 1542:"Raca" is an Aramaic term of contempt.─NIV notes 2104: 2019:English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate 1584:The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes 636:and C. S. Mann use the more general word 3487: 2461: 2090: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1571: 1929:Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003. 770:, and hence on the relationship between the 3607:Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof 1649:. Greenwood, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 1577: 463: 3494: 3480: 2468: 2454: 2097: 2083: 1775: 609:Some scholars feel the ninth Beatitude in 521:Matthew 5 contains parallels to the other 347:(4th century; extant verses 13–16, 22–25) 339: AD 200; extant verses 20-22, 25-28 1945:Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1982. 1743:, Robert H. Gundry, Baker Academic 2011. 1644: 1000: 571: 556: 545:and Matthew's unique source or sources ( 3501: 1839:Danker, Frederick William, ed. (2000), 731:' "The Greek New Testament", edited by 679: 327:containing text from this chapter are: 275:. It contains the first portion of the 3706: 1990:Understanding the Sermon on the Mount. 1962: 1838: 1669: 3475: 2475: 2449: 2078: 1647:Understanding the Sermon on the Mount 1562: 1915:New York: Doubleday & Co., 1971. 1692:refer to the first two parts of the 1172: 579:(AD 330–360), Matthew 4:19–5:22 318: 3258:The Gospel According to St. Matthew 2000:The Good News According to Matthew. 1611:"Commentary on Sermon on the Mount" 1196: 780:Christian views on the old covenant 525:. These include a few parallels to 13: 3672:Life of Jesus in the New Testament 1605: 824:) is traditionally referred to as 723:"The Fulfillment of the Law", the 685:The role and importance of the law 656:; it directly translates the word 14: 3730: 2006: 1936:. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985. 1920:Essays on the Sermon on the Mount 529:(e.g., Mark 4, 5, 9) and many to 383:(5th century; extant verses 1–14) 307:The original text was written in 3691:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 1992:Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978. 1959:Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1975. 541:, most of Matthew 5 is based on 43: 2002:Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975. 1952:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981. 1884: 1869: 1858: 1847: 1831: 1820: 1809: 1757: 1746: 1734: 1717: 1670:Miller, Robert J., ed. (1992). 1663: 1536: 1527: 3683:Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount 2406:Thou shalt not commit adultery 1645:McArthur, Harvey King (1978). 1638: 1625: 1613:. Translated by Charles A. Hay 1599: 1556: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1491: 408: β€“ Salt of the earth and 287:. Portions are similar to the 1: 3639:The Wise and Foolish Builders 2055:Chapters of the New Testament 2015:King James Bible - Wikisource 1549: 1008:(AD 330–60), Matthew 5:22–6:4 972:Love thy neighbour as thyself 888:You shall not commit adultery 801: 552: 335: 332:Papyrus 64 (Magdalen papyrus) 589:After a brief introduction ( 387: 267:is the fifth chapter of the 16:Chapter of the New Testament 7: 2033:Multiple bible versions at 1843:(3rd ed.), p. 854 1524:dikaiosune (Strong's #1343) 1472: 1092: 482: 89:Order in the Christian part 10: 3735: 3719:Gospel of Matthew chapters 3667:Five Discourses of Matthew 3189:Five Discourses of Matthew 1908:and C.S. Mann. "Matthew". 1899: 1798:. Liturgical Press, 2007. 1147: 1116: 805: 762:, and those attributed to 582: 444: β€“ Do not swear oaths 3647: 3552: 3522: 3509: 3456:American Standard Version 3428: 3292: 3282:The Visual Bible: Matthew 3234: 3141: 3075: 2939: 2792:Massacre of the Innocents 2762: 2651: 2498: 2483: 2414: 2368: 2115: 1635:, accessed 10 August 2019 1223: 1069: 601:' most famous teachings. 597:, which includes some of 381:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus 88: 78: 68: 58: 42: 26: 21: 3632:Wolf in sheep's clothing 3209:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 2856:Jesus preaches in a ship 1967:. New York: de Gruyter. 1565:Novum Testamentum Graece 1515:ginomai (strong's #1096) 1497:kataluo (Strong's #2647) 1484: 1143: 842:After the introduction ( 464:Old Testament references 450: β€“ Do not retaliate 3622:The Tree and its Fruits 3587:Turning the other cheek 3214:Rabbinical translations 2396:Turning the other cheek 1988:McArthur, Harvey King. 1963:Kodjak, Andrej (1986). 1911:The Anchor Bible Series 1725:The Sermon On The Mount 1506:pleroo (Strong's #4137) 1479:Turning the other cheek 1014:The Jewish Encyclopedia 562:The Sermon on the Mount 302: 3169:Augustinian hypothesis 3007:Mary, sister of Martha 2038:(NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.) 1796:The Gospel of Matthew 1794:Harrington, Daniel J. 1221: 1194: 1170: 1141: 1114: 1090: 1067: 1034: 1009: 729:United Bible Societies 580: 569: 539:four-source hypothesis 3612:The Mote and the Beam 3461:World English Version 3179:Matthean Posteriority 3174:Two-gospel hypothesis 2866:Feeding the multitude 2829:Behold the bridegroom 1955:Kissinger, Warren S. 1950:The Gospel of Matthew 1741:Commentary on Matthew 1207: 1180: 1156: 1127: 1100: 1076: 1053: 1019: 1004: 719:translation entitles 575: 560: 363:Codex Washingtonianus 3602:The Birds of the Air 3226:Joseph Smith–Matthew 2911:Crucifixion of Jesus 1729:University of London 1672:The Complete Gospels 1045:Daniel J. Harrington 859:You shall not murder 786:, and as a basis of 680:Teachings on the law 533:, especially to the 417: β€“ Law and the 399: β€“ Setting and 79:Christian Bible part 3677:Mount of Beatitudes 3577:Lamp under a bushel 3514:Sermon on the Plain 3503:Sermon on the Mount 2834:Sermon on the Mount 2401:Thou shalt not kill 2391:Sermon on the Mount 1918:Betz, Hans Dieter. 1769:Jewish Encyclopedia 634:William F. Albright 566:Carl Heinrich Bloch 535:Sermon on the Plain 516:necessaries of life 432: β€“ Do not lust 426: β€“ Do not hate 289:Sermon on the Plain 277:Sermon on the Mount 49:Matthew 5:13–16 on 3686:(4th century book) 3582:Light of the World 3451:King James Version 3243:St Matthew Passion 3194:Calling of Matthew 3184:Genealogy of Jesus 2797:Return to Nazareth 1925:Clarke, Howard W. 1579:Kirkpatrick, A. F. 1010: 650:New American Bible 581: 570: 410:light of the world 375:Codex Alexandrinus 311:. This chapter is 3701: 3700: 3655:Ministry of Jesus 3592:Love your enemies 3469: 3468: 3199:Kingdom of heaven 2881:Great Commandment 2861:Calming the storm 2819:Galilean ministry 2804:Kingdom of heaven 2787:Flight into Egypt 2777:Star of Bethlehem 2758: 2757: 2477:Gospel of Matthew 2443: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2427:Gospel of Matthew 2386:Salt in the Bible 2106:Gospel of Matthew 2073: 2072: 2063:Succeeded by 2058:Gospel of Matthew 2027:at GospelHall.org 1996:Schweizer, Eduard 1981:Lapide, Pinchas. 1940:Gundry, Robert H. 1173:An eye for an eye 1049:Jewish Christians 795:Marcion of Sinope 670:salt of the earth 646:R. T. France 458:Love your enemies 319:Textual witnesses 269:Gospel of Matthew 262: 261: 96: 95: 63:Gospel of Matthew 3726: 3570:City upon a Hill 3496: 3489: 3482: 3473: 3472: 3446:Wycliffe Version 3420:Magdalen papyrus 3246:(Bach, 1727/29) 3164:Textual variants 2982:John the Baptist 2931:Great Commission 2901:Passion of Jesus 2886:Olivet Discourse 2871:Walking on water 2496: 2495: 2470: 2463: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2417: 2416: 2099: 2092: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2045:Preceded by 2042: 2041: 1978: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1873: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1835: 1829: 1824: 1818: 1813: 1807: 1804:978-0-81465964-9 1792: 1773: 1771: 1765:"Brotherly Love" 1761: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1680:Polebridge Press 1667: 1661: 1660: 1642: 1636: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1560: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1219: 1197:Love for enemies 1192: 1168: 1139: 1123:Deuteronomy 24:1 1112: 1088: 1065: 1006:Codex Sinaiticus 852:Ten Commandments 816:. This section ( 808:Threefold office 788:Christian ethics 603:Robert H. Gundry 577:Codex Sinaiticus 523:Synoptic Gospels 357:Codex Sinaiticus 340: 337: 315:into 48 verses. 297:early Christians 98: 97: 47: 19: 18: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3643: 3548: 3518: 3505: 3500: 3470: 3465: 3424: 3288: 3230: 3137: 3071: 2935: 2876:Transfiguration 2764: 2754: 2647: 2487: 2479: 2474: 2444: 2439: 2410: 2364: 2111: 2103: 2064: 2056: 2046: 2009: 1975: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1885: 1874: 1870: 1863: 1859: 1852: 1848: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1810: 1793: 1776: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1722: 1718: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1604: 1600: 1590: 1588: 1576: 1572: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1475: 1470: 1226: 1220: 1217:Matthew 5:43–47 1214: 1199: 1193: 1190:Matthew 5:38–42 1187: 1175: 1169: 1166:Matthew 5:33–37 1163: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1137:Matthew 5:31–32 1134: 1119: 1113: 1110:Matthew 5:27–30 1107: 1095: 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1923: 1916: 1906:Albright, W.F. 1901: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1883: 1868: 1857: 1846: 1830: 1819: 1808: 1774: 1756: 1745: 1733: 1723:Jeremias, J., 1716: 1682:. p. 66. 1662: 1656:978-0313205699 1655: 1637: 1624: 1607:Luther, Martin 1598: 1570: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1499: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1212: 1198: 1195: 1185: 1174: 1171: 1161: 1148:Main article: 1145: 1142: 1132: 1118: 1115: 1105: 1094: 1091: 1081: 1071: 1068: 1058: 999: 998: 969: 947:Eye for an eye 944: 919: 906: 885: 830:Six Antitheses 826:the Antitheses 803: 800: 784:Law and Gospel 713: 712: 706: 700: 694: 686: 683: 681: 678: 674:city on a hill 666:Salt and Light 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Index

chapter 4
chapter 6

Papyrus 86
Gospel of Matthew
Gospel
New Testament
Gospel of
Matthew

Matthew 1
Matthew 2
Matthew 3
Matthew 4
Matthew 5
Matthew 6
Matthew 7
Matthew 8
Matthew 9
Matthew 10
Matthew 11
Matthew 12
Matthew 13
Matthew 14
Matthew 15
Matthew 16
Matthew 17
Matthew 18
Matthew 19
Matthew 20
Matthew 21
Matthew 22

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