97:, Matiwane and his armies clashed with neighboring nations as he attempted to nourish his people. Eventually he fled South into lands occupied by abaThembu, amaMpondo and the neighboring Xhosa nations, which ultimately teamed up with the British and got his nation dismantled and scattered as smaller splinters at the Battle of Mbholompo in what is today Mthatha in the Eastern Cape. In his exodus from Mthatha, Matiwane and the biggest of the amaNgwane splinters was sheltered by baSotho but eventually had to return to his country, Ntenjwa (now Bergville), which he had settled briefly upon fleeing from his old country on uMfolozi omhlophe. Being back at Ntenjwa put a very much weakened amaNgwane and the king, Matiwane, within easy reach of the Zulu nation he had fled from. Matiwane had to then go make peace with the Zulu king, now
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134:, a larger kingdom built by Bhungane, in a quest to recover their cattle. Matiwane killed their king, Mthimkhulu c.1818, causing the Hlubi nation to scatter in different directions. Some Hlubi abandoned their homeland and fled north or west, or joined Shaka, but some merged with the amaNgwane. Still others joined a coalition of refugees, the
244:, but before long had him killed. Dingane posthumously appointed him as the "devil chief" and "great chief of the wicked", and had scores of his own enemies executed at
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Expecting an attack on his homeland, Matiwane moved some of his cattle herds westward. Soon afterwards, in 1817 or 1818, Shaka serving as
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A section of the Hlubi people, once scattered by
Matiwane's assault on their homeland, joined a coalition of peoples known as the
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nation, the amaNgwane, a people named after
Matiwane's ancestor Ngwane ka Kgwadi. The amaNgwane lived at the headwaters of the
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region. Sotho tribes of the interior were also attacked, who fled to the region of
Lesotho, where they joined the ranks of
192:, he sought the protection of Shaka and sent him tribute. Matiwane established himself at Mabolela hill, near present day
200:(Mzilikazi) to attack Matiwane, who had to retreat before the impi's advance. They fled southwards to the lands of the
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migrations in which nations became displaced, and in turn displaced others in a series of internecine wars.
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For the next three to four years
Matiwane, now settled at Ntenjwa, now became the ruler of the upper
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Fleeing the
Mthethwa and Zulu coalition, the amaNgwane under Matiwane, with some elements of the
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The desperate amaNgwane under
Matiwane's leadership moved westwards, where they attacked the
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In 1821 or 1822 Matiwane, expecting an attack from Shaka, fled over the
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The great treks: the transformation of
Southern Africa, 1815-1854
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in motion. After his nation was ousted from their homeland by
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in 1828 by a coalition of the AmaMpondo who were led by king
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278:. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society. pp. 223–224.
240:ridge, less than a kilometer from his royal kraal
67:), son of Masumpa, was the king of an independent
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276:Letters of the American Missionaries, 1835-1838
138:, who settled on the eastern frontier of the
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188:. When Matiwane turned south and threatened
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389:Assassinated South African people
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348:"How did the Mfecane begin?"
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352:New History of South Africa
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176:) from their land in the
153:region, near present-day
384:History of KwaZulu-Natal
323:Atlas of Southern Africa
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168:tribe of chieftainess
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298:. New York: Longman.
274:Kotzé, D. J. (1950).
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212:, amaXhosa led by,
206:Battle of Mbholompo
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210:Faku kaNgqungqushe
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190:Moshoeshoe I
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81:Zulu kingdom
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28:to raid the
24:, cross the
246:KwaMatiwane
214:King Hintsa
198:Moselekatse
172:(mother of
162:Drakensberg
140:Cape Colony
26:Drakensberg
373:Categories
305:0582315670
252:References
178:Harrismith
115:Dingiswayo
109:Migrations
44:territory.
202:abaThembu
174:Sekonyela
170:Mantatese
155:Bergville
226:Somerset
218:colonial
194:Clocolan
144:izwekufa
38:highveld
394:Mfecane
151:Thukela
124:Mfecane
99:Dingane
86:Mfecane
36:of the
357:8 July
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222:Dundas
166:Tlokwa
34:Basuto
30:Tlôkwa
232:Death
182:Vrede
136:Fengu
132:Hlubi
103:Shaka
95:Shaka
93:with
91:Zwide
54:Fengu
42:Xhosa
22:Hlubi
359:2014
327:ISBN
300:ISBN
32:and
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